湖北科技学院国际学院 2021 年秋季学期

2018 级来华留学生临床医学专业本科
《 病理生理学 》期末考试试卷
Ⅰ. Single-choice questions ( There are four answers in each question, pick out the best one )（1’×20=20’）
1 Hypotonic dehydration is defined as
+
A. [Na ] >150 mmol/L, osmotic pressure> 310 mmol/L
+
B. [Na ] <130 mmol/L，osmotic pressure< 280 mmol/L
+
C. [[Na ] =150 mmol/L，osmotic pressure = 310 mmol/L
+
D. [Na ] >150 mmol/L，osmotic pressure < 310 mmol/L

2 The characteristic cause of hypertonic dehydration is

A. increased loss of body fluid and decreased intake of water
+
B. water loss is excess of Na loss.
C. no water during navigation .
D. increased loss of water via gastrointestinal tract

3 Increased loss of pure water via skin will cause

A. hypotonic dehydration. B. isotonic dehydration.
C. hypertonic dehydration. D. water intoxication.

4 Intracellular dehydration can be seen in

A. hypotonic dehydration. B. isotonic dehydration.
C. hypertonic dehydration. D. water intoxication.

5 The change of electrocardiogram in hyperkalemia is

A. low P-wave B. peaked T-wave
C. widen T-wave D. narrow QRS complex

6 The reason of increased interstitial fluid is

A. increased capillary hydrostatic pressure.
B. increased plasma colloidal osmotic pressure.
C. decreased permeability of the capillary wall.
D. increased lymphatic return.

7 Increased permeability of the capillary wall will lead to

A. increased interstitial hydrostatic pressure.
B. increased capillary hydrostatic pressure.
C. increased plasma colloidal osmotic pressure.
D. increased interstitial colloidal osmotic pressure.

8 Metabolic alkalosis will lead to

+
A. decreased intracellular [K ].
+
B. increased intracellular [K ].
 +
C. increased extracellular [K ].
+
D. normal intracellular [K ].

9. The most important factor deciding blood oxygen saturation is:

A. blood pH B. blood temperature
C. blood oxygen pressure D. blood carbon dioxide pressure

10. The main difference between interstitial fluid and plasma is:
+ +
A. Na B. K C. organic acid D. protein

11. The characteristics of type Ⅱ respiratory failure are:

A. PaO2 < 50mmHg, PaCO2 > 60 mmHg B. PaO2 < 60mmHg, PaCO2 > 50 mmHg
C. PaO2 < 80mmHg, PaCO2 > 40 mmHg D. PaO2 < 60mmHg, PaCO2 > 60 mmHg

12. What is not the cause of metabolic acidosis:

A. serious diarrhea B. diabetic ketonemia
C. hypokalemia D. acute renal failure

13.Restrictive hypoventilation is caused by :

A. respiratory muscular activity dysfunction B.central airway obstruction
C. ventilation/perfusion imbalance D.diffusion impairment

14. Which of the following items most easily causes shock?

A. hypotonic dehydration B. isotonic dehydration
C. hyperosmotic anhydration D. overhydration

15. In hypertonic dehydration the water will shift from

A.ICF to ECF B. ECF to ICF
C.Both A and B D. Neither A and B

16. In the case of chronic renal failure ，blood:

A. phosphate ↑ calcium↓ B. phosphate ↓calcium↑
C. phosphate ↑ calcium↑ D. phosphate ↓ calcium↓.

17. During the Oliguria stage of acute renal failure, the most severe complication is
A. water intoxication B. azotemia
C. hyperkalemia D. metabolic acidosis

18. Which parameter of blood oxygen is incorrect in circulatory hypoxia

A. PaO2 normal B. SaO2 normal
C. CaO2 normal D. CaO2 - CvO2 normal

19. Which of the following is correct regarding dead space-like ventilation

A. V/Q ＜0.8 B. V/Q ＞0.8
C. V/Q＝ 0.8 D. none of the above
 20. Chronic hypotonic hypoxia, an increase in the number of red blood cell refer to
A. growth factor B. erythropoietin
C. epinephrine D. insulin

Ⅱ. True-false item，denote by the symbol "√" or "×"（2’×10=20’）

-
1.Carbonic/acid-bicarbonate(H CO
2 3/HCO 3 ) buffer system is the most important system in the

blood.( )
-
2.PH is determined by the ratio of [HCO 3 ]/[H2 CO3 ], if their ratio remains 15/1, the pH
would be maintained at 7.4. ( )
3.Acute renal insufficiency is prone to hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis, water poisoning
and azotemia in oliguria stage. ( )
4. Cyanosis occurs in all patients with hypoxia. ( )
5.Essential hypertension is easy to cause myocardial eccentric hypertrophy. ( )
6.Hypoxemic RF(group Ⅰ)characterized by ↓PaO2 in blood with ↑PaCO2 . ( )
7.The classic clinical manifestations of shock include hypertension with a narrowed pulse
pressure, hyperventilation, cold and clammy skin, tachycardia with a thread pulse, oliguria
and a dulled sensorium ranging from agitation to stupor or coma. ( )
8.Microcirculation impairment caused by intensive failure of sympathetic-adrenal system is
the common pathological link of shock. ( )
9.Acute renal failure is a heterogeneous group of disorders, which is characterized by a
sudden deterioration of renal function and usually associated with oliguria or anuria
resulting in accumulation in the blood of nitrogenous wastes that would normally be excreted
in the urine. ( )
10.Glomerular filtration rate(GFR) decrease plays a central role in pathogenesis of
chronic renal failure(CRF). ( )

Ⅲ. Fill in the blanks （2 point/each blank×10=20’）

1.The simple acid-base disorder include , , , .
2.According to the difference in primary causes, shock can be divided into , ,
.
3.Oliguric type of acute renal failure can be divided into three stage , ,
.

Ⅴ. Explanation of nouns （5 point/each answer×4=20’）

1.edema
2.Respiratory failure 3.
Hypertonic dehydration 4.
Hypokalemia

Ⅴ. The short answer （10 point/each answer×2=20’）

1. What criteria are for judging brain death？
2. What are the common cause for DIC ?