Veterinary Level 3 - Vaccines & Viruses

Name: Maria Cepero Hour Date: 1/6/22

1. What is a virus? A virus is a small collection of genes that cannot replicate alone and must infect other cells.

2. How does a virus reproduce? A virus reproduces by attaching itself to a host and transferring its DNA to the host
in order to replicate and form new proteins.

3. Who created the first “vaccine” in 1796? Edward Jenner created the first vaccine in 1796.

a. How did he create this vaccine? He took fluid from a cowpox blister and scratched it into the skin of
another boy, seeing that he also showed symptoms, then later repeated this again and now there were
no symptoms.
b. What is the role of the vaccine? The vaccine worked against smallpox.

c. What is the role of the immune system? The role of the immune system is to fight off varying diseases
and harmful bacteria that enters your body.

4. Why are vaccines so sensitive? Vaccines are sensitive as they can become easily effected if the virus mutates,
changes, or if they become suspectable to new change or effects.
5. What are some ways in which a vaccine can be rendered ineffective?

a. Mutations in the virus

b. Expiring

c. Exposure to extreme heat or cold.

6. What is the difference between active and passive immunity? Active immunity is when the immune system is
working actively against a virus, and passive immunity is when we are protected from a virus from something
else (vaccine.)

7. What is a live vaccine? A live vaccine is a vaccine created from an active disease that has become weakened, so
you still get the immunity but not the extreme symptoms while still getting some symptoms.

8. What is a killed vaccine? This is a vaccine created from virus proteins or pathogens (not the actual live virus) that
has been grown in a bacteria culture.

9. What is a modified live vaccine? Modified live vaccines create a similar effect to being naturally exposed to the
virus.
10. Why must an injection require a sterile technique? An injection must require a sterile technique because
injecting someone requires a needle (sterile) to be injected through the skin and ears into the body’s blood
 stream, etc. this means that if any sort of harmful foreign bacteria enters the body from not being sterile, it can
cause harmful effects.
11. What is sepsis? Sepsis is an infection of the blood, when a bacterium is found in your bloodstream.
12. What is septic shock? Septic shock is the following stage sepsis when sepsis becomes untreated for a while this
can lead to organ shutdown and other potential lethal effects.