XXVII-44 APRIL-MAY 2002 OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE OLYMPIC MOVEMENT

The victory
of Olympism

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library

AKIKO FUKUSHIMA Golf FRANKJE FREDERICKS Track & Field RJVALDO Soccer

Contents
Olympic Review XXV11-44
APRIL - MAY 2002

Editorial

News Flash 4

The XIX Olympic Winter Games

Q. and the 113th IOC Session In Salt Lake City 6

RUSSIAN NATIONAL TEAM SkJtng GERMAN NATIONAL TEAM Speed Skating

CHINA NATIONAL TEAM Volleyball
Olympic Quiz (questions) 13

LAKE Free Opinion 62

Olympic Quiz (answers) 64

News Flash 64
Janica Kostelic
History 67

Sport Sciences 68

News Flash 69

Book Review 72
JAN ZELEZNY Track & Field MIKE PIAZZA Baseball

Bringing Obituaries 75

75
Book Review

Fun and The articles published in the Olympic Review do r»ot necessarily reflect the opinion of the International Olympic Committee.

Excitement
Unless indicated othenA/ise, and upon wrttt^ request, their reprinting is vi^llingly authorized.
Published by the International Olympic Committee - ISSN: 0251-3498

Contributors to this issue hockey], Eisa [p57], Jed Jacobsohn

to
Olympic Review Translation
international Olympic Committee French: Véronique Gaudin, Chantai Don Anthony - Mike Gorrell - [p26], Robert Laberge {p48, cross
Raymond T Grant - Ed Hula - Bill country], Donald Miralle |p21], Doug
Jemli, Nathalie Marion
Executive Board Mallon - Lisa Riley Roche Pensinger [p25 torch, p27], Matthew
English; Jamie Allen, Kate Horan,
Stockman [p29, figure skating]) -

The Sports Scene,

President:
Jacques Rogge
Vice-presidents:
Richard Kevan Gosper, Thomas Bach,
Vitaly Smirnov. James L. Easton
Members:
Zhenliang He, Gunilta Lindberg. Franco
Carraro, Denis Oswald, Ottavio
Cinquanta, Mario Vazquez Raha,
Sergey Bubka, Lambis W. Nikolaou,
Tom Khour/, Tomas Sithole
Helen Stewart
Spanish: Alejandro Gaytan de Ayala
Photography
Giulio Locatelli (3, 8-12, 14-20, 22, 31-
34, 39-47, 60-61, 63, 68)
Photo Library
Catherine Chapuis, Alexandra Leclef-
Mandl, David Oilier de Marichard
Administration A. Gillen (p4 Luxembourg) -
Publications Director;
IOC/Olympic Museum Collections
François Carrard (p38, 50, 59, 75) - John Kane (p38
Marketing Director; {Pilobolus Dance Theatre]) - Kloepfer
Michael Payne (p37 [American folk ballet]) - National
Director of Operations: Olympic Committees (Albania [p5],
Thierry Sprunger Armenia [p65], Colombia [p4],
Accounting; Dominica [p4], Ecuador [p66], Georgia
Jean-Marc Bride
[p69], Guyana {p4], Israel [p66],
Subscription and advertising:
Kazakhstan Ep66], Korea [p69],
Nicolas Brindesi

.^izina.
Editorial team
Editor-in-Chief: Fékrou Kidané
THE WORLD OF SPORTS Deputy Editor-in-Chief and French
edition;
MIZUNO CORPORATION Sylvie Espagnac
Osaka Head Office 1-12-35, Nanko-kita, Suminoe-ku, Osaka 559-8510, Japan Phone;81-6-6614-8315 Fax:81-6-6614-8389 English edition:
Tokyo Head Office 3-22 Kanda Ogawa-machi, Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 101-8477, Japan Phone! 81-3-3233-7040 Fax:81-3-3233-7199 Rachaei North
Mizuno Corporation (U.K.) Mizuno House 612 Reading Road, Winnersh, Wokingham, Berkshire RG41 SHE, England, U.K. Phone:44-118-936-2100 Fax:44-118-977-0427
Editorial secretary:
Mizuno Corporation (Niederlassung Deutschland) Rosenheimer Strasse 143d, 81671 Munich, Germany Phone:49-89-45050-0 Fax: 49-89-45050-125
Michelle Irachabal
Mizuno Corporation (France) 855 Avenue Poger Sal8ngro.92370 Chaville, France Phone:33-1-4115-8711 Fax:33-1-4115-8710
Spanish edition:
Mizuno USA, Inc. 4925 Avalon Ridge Parkway,One Jack Curran Way, Norcross, GA 30071 U.S.A Phone: 1-770-441-5553 Fax: 1-770-448-3234
Mizuno Canada Limited 5206 Timberlea Boulevard, Mississauga, Ontario L4W 285, Canada Phone: 1-905-629-0500 Fax: 1 -905-629-0505 Alejandro Gaytan de Ayala
Mizuno (Taiwan) Corporation 11th Floor, No.363, Sung Chiang Road, Taipei, Taiwan Phone:886-2-2509-5101 Fax: 886-2-2506-4398 Assistant: Dolores Vazquez
Paraguay [p4], Slovenia [p4], Suriname
Cover photo [p4], Ukraine [p69]) - Irène Neveu -
Photo credits
Salt Lake Organizing Committee (p35,
Janica Kostelic Cover photo: Getty Images/Allsport
USA (Zoom Agency)
36) - Photo Kishimoto (Yo Nagaya [p6,
7, 23, 24, 25, 41, 48 luge, 49. 50, 51,
Production
Wolfgang Behrendt (p71 (Germany]) - 53-55, 56 Turin]) - 'Royal Geographical
Thierry Deillon Society London' Archives (p67) -
Charlie Booker (p51 bobsleigh) - Rick
Egan (p51, moguls) - Getty Spanish Olympic Academy (p71) -
Layout and cover Jordi Struch (p71) - The Illustrated
Images/Allsport UK (Olive Brunskill
T&T Communication London News (p68) - Peter Vitale (p38
{p28, skeleton], Mike Hewitt [p28 curl­
ing], Zoom [p28, biathlon]) - Getty [Houser sculpture]).
Printing Images/Allsport USA (Brian Bahr [p28,
Imprimerie Ruckstuhl SA luge, ski jump, p58], AI Bello [p29, ice

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library

 Editorial
BY JACQUES ROGGE
OLYMPIC Universal v.
III MUSEUM
LAUSANNE
Let me mention straiglitaway the tragic
events of 11 September, wtiich changed
the face of the world and reminded us, if
we still needed it, that sport Is closely
linked to the political and economic
framework from which it develops.The
Discover the renovated Olympic Museum Olympic Movement was struck by the
horror of this terrible event, and
and relive, as if you were there, the highlights and memorable moments expressed its condolences and solidarity
of the Olympic Games through the Museum's exciting presentations and fantastic with the American people. At the same
special effects. time, the IOC firmly, and unanimously,
declared that the XIX Olympic Winter
Olympic Movement showcase. Permanent and temporary exhibitions. Games would be held as planned in Salt
Lake City, from 8 to 24 February 2002,
Unique collection of Olympic objects. Olympic Studies Centre. Library. Video library.
and that their universality and the mes­
Education section. Auditorium. Meeting rooms. Restaurant and souvenir shop.
sage they convey were the best
response to Intolerance and violence.
Don't forget the terrace with its breathtaking view of the Alps and Lake Geneva,
Throughout these events, I was able to
plus Olympic Park and its works of art. rely on the unfailing support of the whole
Olympic Family, whom I thank sincerely.
A visit not to be missed! Moreover, I wish to pay special tribute to
SLOG, USOC and the public authorities
of the United States for their determina­
tion, and the efficiency that they dis­
played during those difficult and painful
times.
Quai d'Ouchy 1/CP Sport in general, and the Games In par­
1001 Lausanne/Switzerland
ticular, are also affected by the economic
Tel. +41 21 621 65 11
consequences of 11 September tragedy.
www.olytnpic.org
The difficulties concerning air travel, the
». Open every day from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. extra cost of security measures, and the
Thursday to 8 p.m.
uncertainty of sources of funding for
Closed Mondays
from October to April sports organisations, are all new obsta­
cles which will be a test for the Olympic
Car parks: Hotel Beau-Rivage
Movement.
and Place de la Navigation
But these events have not prevented the
IOC from undertaking certain reforms.
% Quite the reverse, as we are convinced of
the need to prepare for the future and
adapt to globalisation and a constantly
changing reality.
Thus, the United States of America met
the challenge brilliantly by organising
excellent Olympic Winter Games, and
^ I C deserve our warm congratulations,The
the Gams
IOC must, however, look at the size and
cost of the Olympic Games and review
F their programme. In a way, the Games
risk becoming a victim of their own suc­
cess. The ultimate objective is to take
measures so that, one day all continents
will have the capacity to organise this fes­
tival of youth, without detriment to either
their quality or their success.
The IOC has a universal vocation.Thls
concern for universality must also be
reflected in its composition, that of its
Executive Board and Its administration.
The flagrant way in which certain conti­
nents and subcontinents have fallen
behind in this respect must be
addressed as quickly as posslble.The
IOC must also secure the funding of the
Olympic Movement beyond 2008. The
athlete remains at the heart of the IOC's
concerns. The risk of a slide towards
doping is growing, and I call upon the
whole sports community to wake up to
this terrible danger and do everything
possible to eradicate it. I also call upon
governments to support us in our efforts
to safeguard the athletes' health and
their social reintegration at the end of
their career.
The IOC will continue to invest In promot­
ing culture and education, for the well-
being of the youth, and In protecting the
environment. It will also assume Its
responsibilities in terms of humanitarian
aid. Development assistance which helps
to reduce the growing divide between
rich and poor countries is, more than
ever, a priority and a moral duty for the
IOC.
Although progress has been made to
raise the level of women's participation in
all areas of sport, we unfortunately see a
low presence within sport's leadership
bodies. Initiatives aimed at encouraging
candidatures by women for positions of
responsibility should enable us to fill
these gaps progressively.
In spite of the different threats hanging
over sport, I am resolutely optimistic
about the future of the Olympic
Movement.
The Olympic Games are, and will remain,
the dream of successive generations of
athletes and young people.The IOC's role
is to perpetuate this dream.
Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library

At an official ceremony held
at the NOG headquarters in
Bogota, the Colombian
NOG president, Andrés
Botero, presented the IOC
"Sport and Volunteers" tro­
phy to Mario Garcia y Gar­
cia, former president of the
NOG (1959-1975) and the
National Olympic Academy
(1992-2001), in the pres­
ence of numerous national
sports federation leaders
and representatives of gov­
ernmental sports organisa-
tions. The NOG of
Dominica, whose presi­
dent is Rosanne Pringle-
Pierre, paid tribute to 100
volunteers who offer their
Mario Garcia y Garcia (right) and Andrés Botero.
Desiree Bernard (right) presenting the trophy to Ivor O'Brien.
News Flash
Sport and Volunteers
services free of charge to
the sports movement, by
presenting them with diplo­
mas printed by the IOC, in
the presence of, among
others, the Deputy Prime
Minister, Osborne Riviere;
the Sports Minister's Cabi­
net Secretary, Felix Gre-
goire; numerous athletes;
and national sports federa­
tion and media representa­
tives. It was former NOG
president Reginald St.
Havis who had the honour
of giving the speech of
thanks. In Georgetown,
Guyana, NOG secretary
general Ivor O'Brien was
the delighted recipient of
the IOC trophy for 2001,
which he received from
Minister Desiree Bernard.
IOC diplomas were also
presented to several per­
sonalities in recognition of
their voluntary contribution
to the development
sport and Olympism, and
the promotion of friendship
and solidarity between peo­
ples. Media representatives
were also honoured for
their involvement in the
development of sport in
Guyana. In Luxembourg,
François Wies, a long­
standing unpaid official of
the national archery federa­
tion as well as the Interna­
Volunteers honoured in Dominica.
(from I. to n) François Wies, Grand Duke Henri and Marc Theisen.
ball leader Juan Angel
Napuot, in recognition of
his important voluntary
tional Federation and the
contribution to Paraguayan
NOG, received the IOC tro­
sport. As part of the cele­
phy from IOC member
brations of its 10th anniver­
Grand Duke Henri, in the
sary, the Slovenian NOG,
presence of NOG president
headed by Janez Kocijan-
Marc Theisen, amongst
cic, presented IOC diplo­
others. In Asuncion, the
mas to 302 long-standing
of capital of Paraguay,
volunteers selected in col­
Olympic House hosted the
laboration with the national,
ceremony to present diplo­
regional and local sports
mas to the sports leaders
federations. The award cer­
and representatives of the
emonies were held in the
firms and organisations
capitals of the four regions
which work with the NOG
of Slovenia, in Ljubljana, the
on a voluntary basis to pro­
national capital; Koper, in
mote sport in Paraguay. In
the region of Primorska;
addition, NOG president
Kranj, in the region of
Ramon Zubizarreta pre­
sented the IOC "Sport and
Volunteers" trophy to foot­
Presentation of diplomas in Paraguay
A Slovenian volunteer receiving his
diploma.
News Flash
Gorenjska; and Maribor, in
the region of Stajerska. At
Paramaribo, in Suriname,
the Olympic Centre of the
NOG, which is headed by
Gerhard van Djik, was the
setting for the presentation
of more than 100 "Sport
and Volunteers" diplomas,
a selection of songs, a
poetry recital and a perfor­
mance by the police band.
But the highlight of the
evening was the presenta­
tion of the trophy to Esse-
line Kranenburg-Vyent, 79,
who joined the Red Cross
at the age of 16 and who
has since participated in
various sports events.
Esseline Kranenburg-Vyent (left),
recipient of the IOC trophy in Suriname.
Albania
With the financial support of
Olympic Solidarity, the
Albanian NOG organised a
training course for sports
administrators in the Shko-
dra District. For five consec­
utive days, the 24 partici­
pants learned about all the
necessary elements for a
more coherent administra­
tion in sport. Three lectures
were presented on 'struc­
ture, management and
administration of the work in
a sports club' (Stavri Bello,
NOG secretary general),
'Concrete projects composi­
tion' (Gëzim Panariti, NOG
treasurer) and 'Interrelations
between institutions in the
Olympic Movement' (Arben
Kaçurri, director of the
Albanian Olympic Acad­
emy). An Olympic quiz was
also organised at the end of
each day. The Manual for
Sport Administration and the
respective certificates were
distributed to all partici­
pants. Other courses will be
held in other areas and dis­
tricts of Albania, such as
Fier, Elbasan and Durrës.
KURSI RUONJU.ITRAJHiMIT
ffliiiismTOBm ^Ri||
The participants of the sports administration course.
The second phase of the
Mobile Academy gathered
representatives from the
education directories of the
districts of Elbasan,
Librazhd, Gramsh, Pogradec,
Erseka, Bilisht and Korea.
The Mobile Academy is a
project developed with the
close cooperation of the
Albanian Olympic Academy
and the Ministry of Science
and Education, which aims
to include Olympic educa­
tion on school curricula.
The first phase concluded
with the publication of sev­
eral brochures, posters and
leaflets. The second phase
consisted of giving recom-
mendations for the
improvement of the ongo­
ing work of teachers and
the respective districts'
education authorities. Two
further brochures were
introduced: 'Visit at the
Olympic Museum' and
'Sport for all'. This project
once again emphasises the
importance of including
Olympic education on
school curricula.
Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library
 THE XIX OLYMPIC WINTER GAMES
AND THE 113™ IOC SESSION IN SALT LAKE CITY
ïS^ S^iiSS

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library

 THE IOC IN SESSION IN SALT LAKE CITY

f^e Olympic Family met in Salt
Lake City, Utah's capital, to cele­
brate the XIX Olympic Winter
Games. Before watching the athletes'
performances, the 100 Executive Board
met from 1 to 3 February, followed by
the 113th lOO Session from 4 to 6
February, with the Opening Ceremony
held in Abravanel Hall, in the presence
of the Governor of Utah, Michael
Leavitt, amongst others. The president
of the Organising Committee for the
Olympic Games in Salt Lake City, Mitt
Romney underlined that "the Olympic
Winter Games in Salt Lake City are
shaped by the spirit of the American
West, with friendly and hospitable vol-
by Sylvia Espagnac
unteers, enthusiastic crowds cheering
the competitors and towns which will
give their absolute all to celebrate the
Olympic Games". Sandra Baldwin,
president of the United States Olympic
Committee, referred to: "these 17 days
of Olympic competition which bring
together the world's best athletes; ath­
letes who compete against one another,
in the spirit of fair play saying no to
drugs and prejudices...and who prove
that the world can unite and pay tribute
to human qualities by breal<ing the con­
straints imposed by politics or religion".
For IOC President Jacques Rogge, "the
tragic events of 11 September changed
the face of the world and reminded us,
if we still needed it, that sport is closely
linked to the political and economic
framework within which it develops...
We are convinced of the need to pre­
pare for the future and adapt to globali­
sation and a constantly changing real­
ity." President Rogge concluded his
opening speech by highlighting the fact
that "the Olympic Games are, and will
remain, the dream of successive gener­
ations of athletes and young people
from the whole world. The IOC's role is
to perpetuate that dream." After the offi­
cial speeches, the choir of the

'•SM

The Executive Board before the elections in Salt Lake City, (seated, from I. to r) Thomas Bach, Kéba Mbaye, President Rogge, Richard Kevan Gosper,
Vitaly Smirnov. (standing, from I. to r.) Toni Khoury, Zhenliang He, Ottavio Cinquanta, Marc IHodler, Franco Carraro, Mario Vazquez Raha, Gunilla Lindberg,
Lambis W. Nikolaou, Denis Oswald and Sergey Bubka.

8 9

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library


The Governor of Utah, Michael Leavitt.
The president of USOC, Sandra Baldwin.
SLOC President, Mitt Romney.
The Mormon Tabernacle Choir accompanied by the Utah Symphony Orchestra.
IOC Honorary President for Life, Juan Antonio Samaranch.
IOC President, Jacques Rogge.
The new IOC members alongside President Rogge. (from I. to r.) Matthew Pinsent, Youssoufa N'Diaye,
François Narmon, Kai Holm, Sandra Baldwin, Tamim Bin Hamad bin Khalifa Al-Thani,
Patrick Chamunda, Yong Sung Park and Kikis Lazarides.
Madeleine Cathedral School and the
Mormon Tabernacle Choir gave a
recital, with music provided by the Utah
Symphony Orchestra, conducted by
Scott O'Neil.
The IOC President took this opportunity
to award the Pierre de Coubertin medal
to Spencer Eccles, In recognition of his
distinguished services to the national
community
As is customary, the Session heard and
deliberated on the reports submitted by
the following chairpersons of the IOC
Commissions and Working Groups:
Culture and Olympic Education
(Zhenliang He); Athletes' (Peter
Tallberg); Nominations, Ethics, Juridical
and Sport and Law (Kéba Mbaye);
Women and Sport (Anita DeFrantz);
Finance and Coordination for Salt Lake
City 2002 (Marc Hodler); Marketing
(Gerhard Helberg); Medical (Arne
Ljungqvist, standing In for Prince
Alexandre de Merode); Press (Richard
Kevan Gosper); Olympic Programme
(Franco Carraro); Radio and Television
(Un Yong Kim); Olympic Solidarity (IOC
President), Sport and Environment (Pal
Schmitt); Sport for All (Walther Troger);
Coordination for Athens 2004 (Denis
11
Oswald); Coordination for Turin 2006
(Jean-Claude Killy); and Coordination
for Beijing 2008 (Hein Verbruggen).
Moreover, Richard Pound submitted a
report on the activities of the World
Anti-Doping Agency; Thomas Bach
assessed the candidature procedure
for the Games of the XXIX Olympiad in
2008; Anton Geesink recalled the
responsibilities of the members during
the Games; and François Werner, as
Special Representative of the IOC
Ethics Commission, reported on the
different work undertaken by this com­
mission.
For the IOC administration, reports were
presented by the Director General,
François Carrard; the Secretary General
and Director of the Olympic Museum,
Françoise Zwelfel; the Director of
International Cooperation, Fékrou
KIdané; the Director of Sports, Olympic
Games Coordination and Relations with
International Federations, Gilbert Felli;
the Director of NOC Relations and
Olympic Solidarity, Pere Mirô; the
Marketing Director, Michael Payne; the
Director of Legal Affairs, Howard Stupp;
the Technology Director, Philippe
Verveer; the Director of Control and
Coordination of Operations, Thierry
Sprunger; and the Director of the Office
of Medical Commission, Patrick
Schamasch. Finally, the Organising
Committees of the Olympic Games
reported on their respective activities:
Mitt Romney for Salt Lake City, Glanna
Angelopoulos-Daskalaki for Athens,
Valentino CastellanI for Turin and 01 Liu
for Beijing.
During the Session, James L. Easton,
IOC member in the United States of
America, was elected IOC vlce-presi-
dent, and Toni Khoury (Lebanon) and
Tomas SIthole (Zimbabwe) were elected
as Executive Board members.
The Session also coopted the following
persons as new IOC members: as a
member linked to an NOC: Prince
Nawaf Faisal Fahd Abdul Aziz (Saudi
Arabia, NOC vice-president and vice-
Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library
 • ':vé;^^^%

l^sU ^ui
11',5^ ;
i"
. I^jf

113™ IOC SESSION

president of the Arab Union Football
Federation; Kikis Lazarides (Cyprus,
NOG president since 1984 and mem­
ber of tine Executive Board of the
European Olympic Committees); Tamim
Bin Hamad bin Khalifa Ai-Thani (Qatar,
decided, unanimously, to award them
the Olympic Order. In mid-March, there
were 128 active IOC members.
At the end of its work, the 113th Session
paid a moving tribute with a standing
ovation to Judge Kéba Mbaye, who
OLYMPIC ORDER
The 113th 100 Session ended with a
speech from the IOC Doyen, Joào
Havelange. The 114th IOC Session will
be held on 28 and 29 November 2002
in Mexico City (Mexico).
The joint meeting between the IOC

NOC president since 2000 and presi­
dent of the Organising Committee of
the XV Asian Games in 2006); Sandra
Baldwin (United States of America;
NOC president and CEO since 2000,
president of the American Swimming
Association from 1984 to 1986 and the
American Shooting Federation from
1994 to 1995); François Narmon
(Belgium, NOC president since 1998
and chairman of the Belgian Sports
Development Committee since 1989);
as a member linked to an IF: Yong Sung
Park (Korea, president of the
International Judo Federation since
1995 and NOG vice-president since
1989); as an individual member: Patrick
Ghamunda (Zambia, NOG president
since 1992 and executive member of
the Association of National Olympic
Committees of Africa since 1997); Kai
Holm (Denmark, NOG president since
1992); Youssoufa N'Diaye (Senegal,
president of the Senegalese Juridical
Studies and Research Association
since 1982 and founder member and
decided to resign from his mandate as
an IOC member, Françoise Zweifel and
Fékrou KIdané, who leave their respec­
tive posts as Secretary General and
Director of International Cooperation
within the IOC administration.
President Rogge surrounded by the athletes coopted as IOC members, Adne Sondral,
Executive Board and the Association
of the International Olympic Winter
Sports Federations brought the week's
meetings to a close, before the formal
opening of the XIX Olympic Winter
Games.
O
n the occasion of the 113th
Session, the retiring IOC mem­
ber, Kéba Mbaye (Senegal) was
awarded the Olympic Order in Gold
while his colleagues Vladimir Cernusak
(Slovakia), Niels Holst-Sorensen
(Denmark), William J. Hybl (United
States of America) were presented with
the Olympic Order in Silver by the lOG
President, in recognition of their
extended services and devotion to the
Olympic Movement and sport. As was
Shengrong Lu (People's Republic of
China), IOC member from 1996 to 2001
in her quality as president of the
International Badminton Federation,
she remains a member of the IOC
Women and Sport Working Group.
During the Closing Ceremony of the
Salt Lake City Games, the IOC
President awarded the Olympic Order
in Gold to Mitt Romney and Fraser
Bullock, respectively president and
vice-president of SLOG. The Olympic
Order was also awarded to several
SLOG personalities: Ed Eynon, senior
vice-president of human resources and
international affairs; Kelly Flint, senior
vice-president of legal and government
affairs; Grant Thomas, senior vlce-pres-
ident of venues; Cindy Gillespie; vice-
president of Federal relations and torch
relay; Mark Lewis, vice-president of
marketing and licensing; David Busser,
managing director of information sys­
tems; Cathy Priestner-Allinger, manag­
ing director of sports; and Scott Givens,
managing director of the creative group.
The following personalities also
received this highest IOC distinction:
Eunice Kennedy Shriver (United States
of America): founder of the Special
Olympics in 1968, today executive vice-
president of the Joseph P. Kennedy, Jr.
Foundation and Honorary Chairwoman
of the Special Olympics; Irwin Belk
(United States of America): member of
the NOC for over 30 years; Peter
Montgomery (Australia): NOC vice-
president and one of the founders of
the World Olympians Association;
Eduardo Henrique de Rose (Brazil):
member of the IOC Medical
Commission since 1984 and former
president of the Brazilian Society for
Sports Medicine; David Wallechinsky
(United States of America): Olympic his­
torian and author of, among others.
The Complete Book of the Summer
and Winter Olympics'; Wayne Gretzky
(Ganada): Known as "The Great One",
considered to be the greatest ice
hockey player of all time, participated in
the XVIII Olympic Winter Games in
Nagano in 1998; Miroslav Subrt (Czech
Republic): former president of the
Czech Ice Hockey Federation and vice-
president of the International Ice
Hockey Federation (UHF) since 1966;
Walter Bush Jr (United States of
America): IIHF vice-president since
1994, and key negotiator for having
women's hockey introduced as an
Olympic sport in Nagano; Shoichi
Tomita (Japan): goalkeeper for his
national team, participated in the VIII
Olympic Winter Games in Squaw Valley
in 1960 and many other World
Championships, he is a member of the
Japanese Olympic Committee and
vice-president of the IIHF since 1994.

Olympic Quiz*
Manuela di Centa, Pernilla Wiberg and Jari Kurri.
president of the Senegalese
Magistrates Union); as an active athlete:
Matthew Pinsent (Great Britain, Olympic
rowing champion - 1992, 1996 and Olympic Medals Controversies
2000 - and nine times world cham­
pion). Questions
Moreover, the four athletes elected to
the IOC Athletes' Commission by their 1. Has a similar episode involvingduplicate medals ever occurred before in pairs 7. Why did it take over 30 years for tfie silver medallist in 1952 in Helsinki fieavy-
figure skating at ttie Olympics? weight boxing to receive his medal?
peers during the Games in Salt Lake
2. Why were two bronze medals awarded for the ski jumping in Chamonix in 8. What is the highest number of medals awarded for a single individual event
City were also coopted by the Session. 1924? at any Olympic Games?
They were Pernilla Wiberg (Sweden), 3. Has it ever occurred that no gold medal was awarded at an Olympic event 9' At the Games of the XVII Olympiad in Rome in 1960, the gold medallist in the
Manuela di Genta (Italy re-elected), Jari that was completed? 100 metre freestyle swimming was John Devitt (Australia) while Lance Larson
'• (United States of America) won the silver medal. Who recorded the faster
Kurri (Finland) and Âdne Sondrâl 4. Has it ever occurred that no medals were awarded at an Olympic event that time of ttie two?
was completed?
(Norway). 10. Have any Olympic attiletes fiad a medal ttiat was fialf-silver and fialf-btonze?
5. In Barcelona, at the Games of the XXV Olympiad in 1992, the synchronized
Kéba Mbaye, Niels Holst-Sorensen and swimming solo event eventually saw two gold medals awarded. Why was '' '' • 1972 Olympic basketball fii^ tœtweOT ttie United States and ttie&viet
Union had a very controversial finish, wrth the Soviet Union eventually being
Vladimir Cernusak became Honorary : awarded the win. It is well-knowoi that the Soviet player, Aleksandr Belov,
Members and, in recognition of the 6. Approximatëy how many times have medals changed hands because of scored the winning basket but who threw the court-length pass tfiat enatDled
doping disqualification at the Olympics? him to soxe over two ^eJiOT def^^
invaluable service they have rendered
Joint meeting between the IOC Executive Board and the International Olympic Winter
to the Olympic Movement, the Session Sports Federations. "Complied by Bill Mallon, president of the International Society of Olympic Historians (ISOH)

12 13

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library

Zhenliang He (Culture and Olympic Education). Peter Tallberg (Athletes). Kéba Mbaye (Nominations, Ethics, Juridical, Un Yong Kim (Radio and Television). Pal Schmitt (Sport and Environment). Waither Troger (Sport For All).
Sport and Law).

Anita L. DeFrantz (Women and Sport). Marc Hodler (Finance and Coordination Salt Lake Gerhard Helberg (l\Àarl<etlng). Denis Oswald (Coordination Athens 2004). Jean-Claude Killy (Coordination Turin 2006). Hein Verbruggen (Coordination Beijing 2008).
City 2002).

Arne Ljungqvist (Medical - Acting). Richard Kevan Gosper (Press). Franco Carrara (Olympic Programme). Richard W. Pound (World Anti-Doping Agency). Thomas Bach (Evaluation 2008 Games). Anton Geesink (Members' responsabilities).

14 15

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François Carrard. Françoise Zweifel. Fét<rou Kidané. Patrick Schamasch. François Werner (Special Representative of the Fernando Riba (Financial adviser to the Olympic
Ethics Commission). Museum).

Gilbert Felli. Pere Miré. l\/1ichael Payne.

.Athens.

Howard Stupp. Philippe Verveer Thierry Sprunger. and Beijing.

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library

 113™ IOC SESSION

James L. Easton, new IOC vice-president. Tomas Sithole, new Executive Board member The IOC dean, Joào Havelange.
President Rogge presenting the 'dove of peace' to Fékrou Kidané who is leaving the IOC. Françoise Zweifei, after having received a gift
from the IOC President, at the end of her
mandate as Secretary General.

(from i. tor.) Kéba Mbaye, Niels Holst-S0rensen, President Rogge, Vladimir Cernusal< and William J. Hybl. Shengrong Lu. and Eunice Kennedy Shriver, recipients of the Spencer Eccles, recipient of the Pierre de
Olympic Order Coubertin medal.

18

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library

(from I. to r.j Pal Schmitt, David Wallechinsky, Peter Montgomery, President Rogge, in/vin Beil< and Eduardo Henrique de Rose.
OPENING CEREMONY
A
s if on cue, a light snow began
to fail just moments before the
start of the 8 February Opening
Ceremony of the XIX Olympic Winter
Games in Salt Lal<e City.
Audiences inside the Rice-Eccles sta­
dium at the University of Utah and in
front of television sets worldwide cel­
ebrated the first global gathering
since the 11 September terrorist
attacks.
The American flag recovered from the
rubble of the World Trade Center in
New York City was solemnly brought
into the stadium during the national
segment of the show. The flag was
carried by an honour guard of eight
members of the U.S. Olympic team
and representatives of the New York
police and fire departments.
The Mormon Tabernacle Choir sang
(from I. to r.) Waiter Bush Jr., Wayne Gretzl<y President Rogge, Mirosiav Subrt and Shoichi Tomita. the national anthem, accompanied by
20
the Utah Symphony, as a gentle
breeze blew across the tattered flag.
In the southwest corner of the sta­
dium, a new American flag was raised
and the stadium audience, which had
been silent, cheered loudly as the new
flag snapped smartly. The tragic
events of 11 September were remem­
21
bered, too, in the remarks made by
the dignitaries in attendence. United
States President George Bush offi­
cially declared open the Games "on
behalf of a proud, determined and
grateful nation", words added to the
brief statement called for by Olympic
protocol.
International Olympic Committee
President Jacques Rogge said,
"People of America, Utah and Salt Lake
City, we are gathered once again in
your great country Your nation is over­
coming a horrific tragedy, a tragedy
that has affected the whole world. We
stand united with you in the promotion
of our common ideals and hope for
world peace. To all who have helped
make these Games possible and kept
the Olympic Spirit alive, thank you."
Salt Lake Organizing Committee
President Mitt Romney said, "After
Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library
 September, more than ever before,
our generation longs for a world
where the dreams of all the children
of the world can come true. "
The show also offered an artistic
vision of the theme of the Salt Lake
Games, 'Light the Fire Within', using
the talents of hundreds of skaters,
including several Olympians.
A 13-year-old boy from a Salt Lake
City suburb portrayed the 'Child Of
Light', a character who was
intended to represent all humankind.
The 'Child of Light' was threatened
by a group of skaters who symbol­
ized the adversities of life. He was
rescued by a skater dressed in red,
bronze medallist in Sarajevo in
1984, Jozef Sabovcik, who was
described as a manifestation of the
child's fire within.
As Sabovcik skated, the ice was
filled with light from lanterns and the
In the VIP room at the Rice-Ecoles Stadium (1st row, from I. tor) Lloyd Ward, Sandra Baldwin, Anne Romney, Mitt Romney Laura Bush, George W. Bush, flashlights handed out to audience
Jacques Rogge, Anne Rogge, Kofi Annan, Nane Annan and Juan Antonio Samaranch.
members along with a variety of
other items, including white paper
ponchos.
During the parade of nations, ath­
letes from 77 countries marched
into the stadium and filled the
bleachers at the south end of the
stadium, beneath the shimmering
The Olympic cauldron alight.
glass and steel cauldron.
Their exuberant entrance was fol­
lowed by a colourful welcome from
Utah's Native American tribes.
Members of the Ute, Goshute,
Shoshone, Paiute and Navajo
nations danced and drummed as
The Band's Robbie Robertson sang,
accompanied by Sadie Buck, Rita
Coolidge and Walela.
A massive bird of prey, a Golden
Eagle with a wing-span of 7.5 feet,
swooped through the stadium, and
horses strutted onto the ice. Later in
the segment, skaters dressed as
Golden Eagles swept over the ice,
seen by Native Americans as a link
between humans and their creator.
Utah's pioneers came next, on The Indian nations of Utah.
The first meeting between President Rogge and his wife Anne with the United Nations Secretary General Kofi Annan (right) and his wife Nane.

23

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young ice skater.
horseback, pulling handcarts and in
oxen-drawn covered wagons, joined
by skaters ferrying giant moose,
beaver, bear, horse, rattlesnake and
buffalo puppets. The Dixie Chicks
sang their hit, 'Ready to Run' during
a re-enactment of the settler's
annual rendezvous gatherings.
Organizers noted that the American
mountain west was a gathering place
for many peoples, including Spanish
and Mexican missionaries, English and
Canadian trappers, and German, Irish,
The delegations from Greece...
President Bush amongst the American athletes.
Italian and Greek miners as well as
Mormon pioneers.
Fireworks punctuated the perfor­
mance of 'Call of the Champions',
composed for the Games by Oscar-
winner John Williams. He conducted
the Utah Symphony and the Mormon
Tabernacle Choir as the audience
used cards to display the words, 'Light
the Fire Within '.
The five-ringed Olympic flag was also
the focus of attention at the cere­
monies. The eight flagbearers chosen
... and the United States of America.
24
to carry it into the stadium represented
the five continents and the three pillars
of the Olympic movement.
American astronaut John Glenn repre­
sented the Americas; Polish leader
Lech Walesa, Europe; South African
Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Africa;
Japanese ski-jumper Kazuyoshi
Funaki, Asia; Australian runner Cathy
Freeman, Oceania; French skier and
IOC member Jean-Claude Killy sport;
movie director Steven Spielberg, cul­
ture; and the son of famed oceanogra-
pher Jacques Cousteau, Jean-Michel
Cousteau, environment.
The entrance of the Olympic flag was
followed by the song, 'Fragile', per­
formed by Sting and cellist Yo-Yo Ma
Bonnie Biair and Dan Jansen carrying the flame. The gathering of the pioneers of Utah.
as skaters twirled kites high above the
ice that represented the doves of
peace. Winter Games in Lake Placid, New Olympian, was to have joined the pair Blair and Dan Jansen; and skier
Another artistic segment showed the York. but was sadly killed last month in a car Picabo Street and hookey player
years of work that goes into an Team captain Mike Eruzione appeared accident. Jim Shea also recited the Cammi Granato.
Olympic performance, using five at the base of cauldron first. He was Olympic oath on behalf of the athletes The show concluded with country
skaters, ranging in age from five years joined by the rest of the team, all wear­ participating in the Games, just as his singer LeAnn Rimes who performed
old to adulthood. Olympian Kristi ing their hockey jerseys. grandfather had at the III Olympic another song written for the Games,
Yamaguchi skated to the song, 'Gold'. The dozen American Olympians who Winter Games in Lake Placid in 1932. 'Light the Fire Within', as hundreds of
The long-awaited choice of the final carried the flame in the stadium The other athletes who carried the 'Children of Light' lifted their lanterns
torchbearer was revealed when the included skeleton slider Jim Shea and flame into the stadium were skaters to the world.
cauldron was lit by members of the his father, James, who competed in Dick Button and Dorothy Hamill,
1980 men's hockey team that won the the VIII Olympic Winter Games in and Peggy Fleming and Scott
'Miracle on Ice' match against the Squaw Valley, California, in 1960. Hamiliton; skiers Phil Mahre and Bill
then-Soviet team at the XIII Olympic Jim's grandfather. Jack, also an Johnson; speed skaters Bonnie * Journalist, Deseret News.
The delegations from Germany. and from Norway
Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library
 SPEECH BY SLOC PRESIDENT, SPEECH BY THE IOC PRESIDENT,
MITT ROMNEY JACQUES ROGGE

L A
adies and Gentlemen from the
nations of the world, Salt Lal<e,
Utah and the United States
welcome you to our home. We are
honoured to have you as our guests.
Yun-Jae Kim is eleven years old. He
is watching us tonight from his home
in Seoul, Korea. It is his dream to
skate in the Olympics.
In Piedmont, Italy, a fourteen year-
old girl named Michela Basso is also
watching. Her dream is to compete
in the giant slalom in the Olympics of
2006.
Children around the world are
dreaming, dreaming of daring perfor­
mances, cheering friends and proud
families.
Tonight we have cheered the
Olympians who only yesterday were
children themselves. As we watch
them over the next sixteen days.
they will affirm that our aspirations thletes of the world, we are Please remember though, that it takes coming a horrific tragedy. A tragedy
and those of our children and grand­ gathered together to celebrate more than crossing the finish line first to that has affected the whole world. We
children can become reality. the Olympic ideals, renovated make a champion. A champion is more stand united with you in the promotion
We salute you Olympians both by Pierre de Coubertin. than a winner. A champion is someone of our common ideals and hope for
because you dreamed and because Welcome to this generous country who respects the rules, rejects doping, and world peace.
you paid the price to make your which is organising the Olympic Games competes in a spirit of fair play A champion To all who have helped make these
dreams real. You pushed yourself, for the eighth time. is someone who surpasses personal limits. Games possible and kept the Olympic
drove yourself, sacrificed, trained Athletes of the world, the day for which This means all of you can be champions, Spirit alive, thank you.
and competed time and again, win­ you have prepared for so long has regardless of your final ranking. I now have the honour and the privilege
ning and losing. So it must be for the finally arrived. Your dream has come Good luck to you all. of inviting the President of the United
children of tomorrow. true. Years of dedication and hard work People of America, Utah, and Salt Lake States of America to declare open the
You Olympians know that you did have been rewarded. Now you dream City we are gathered once again in XIX Olympic Winter Games in Salt Lake
not get here solely on your own of gold. your great country. Your nation is over­ City.
power. For most of you, loving par­
ents, sisters or brothers encouraged
your hopes. Coaches guided, com­
munities built venues and organized
competitions. All Olympians stand
on the shoulders of those who lifted
them.
Today, more than ever before, our
generation longs for a world where
the dreams of all the children may
come true. Where aspirations can be
nourished in homes with caring fam­
ilies and in nations which embrace
peace and the rights of humankind.
In such a world, the greatness of
achievement will be measured by the
greatness of dreams and by the fire
and passion in the hearts of the
dreamers.
Olympians, the world watches, not
just to see spectacular athletic per­
formance, but also to be inspired by
the spirit and fire which drive you.
You skate and ski and our hearts
quicken with your dream. We find
ourselves hoping for you, praying for
you.
The Flame which will soon enter this
stadium, is a symbol of the fire that
drives you to fulfill your dreams. May
the fire we see within you light a fire
within each of us.

26 27

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 ..1
SALT LAKE CITY 8002
Wome of thf gold medallists

Norwegian Ole Binar Bjoemdatm, four times gold metialllst in the biathlon Three Canadian players, celebrating their Olympic ice hockey victory. Italian Armin Zoeggeier, gold medamst in the luge

11»

bI- Sà Si;

li-:
••JÏSi's iSÉ-S^?
Americm Tristan Sate, Olympic almitfon ohampion. '•: •- -< Great Britain, gold medallist in women's curling. French couple Marina Anissina and Gwendal Peizerat, Olympic ice dance champions. Simon Amman from Switmrland, double Olympic chatnpion in ski jumping.
....

Hj-

• <r •i'.:liiii'•J'i-L:•••<.'. ••" Off

• ••

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library

 Q§?P
Olympic Truce

OLYMPIC TRUCE ELECTIONS TO THE

IOC ATHLETES' COMMISSION

A
ll athletes participating in the XIX announced the election of the following
Message by United Nations Secretary-General, Kofi Annan Olympic Winter Games in Salt athletes: the alpine skier Pernilla
Lake City had the opportunity to Wiberg (Sweden) with 640 votes; the

T
he Olympic Movement and the
United Nations share funda­
mental ideals: tolerance and
understanding; equal opportunities
and fair play; and, most of all, peace.
In a world growing ever closer and
more interconnected, and yet still
riven by brutal conflict, dire poverty
and cruel injustice, it is more impor­
tant than ever that we all join forces to
give life to those ideals.
One way we can do that is to observe
the Olympic Truce - the call for war­
ring parties to lay down their arms
while athletes from the community of
nations meet under the noble flame of
the Olympic torch. While limited in
duration and scope, the Olympic
Truce can offer a neutral point of con­
sensus, a window of time to open a
dialogue, a pause to provide relief to
a suffering population. Over the
years, a great deal of support has
been voiced worldwide for the con­
cept of the Truce. The challenge
before us is to ensure that it has as
many practitioners as it has support­
ers on paper.
The United Nations General Assembly
has called for observance of the
Olympic Truce during the XIX Olympic
Winter Games in Salt Lake City Today
I join the Assembly in urging that ath­
letes participating in the Games be
afforded safe passage, and that all
engaged in hostilities respect the Truce.
For these next few weeks, may the
serenity of the Olympic flame silence
the sound of gunfire.
elect their representatives to the IOC
Athletes' Commission. In order to be
eligible, candidates had to be 18 years
old on 24 February 2002, and had to
have participated in the XVIII Olympic
Winter Games in Nagano in 1998 or
those in Salt Lake City. Furthermore,
they must never have been found guilty
of a doping offence during their sports
career.
With 2,516 eligible voters, a total of
1,773 athletes voted. Anita L.
DeFrantz, Chair of the Election
Committee and IOC member,
cross country skier Manuela di Centa
(Italy) with 593 votes; the ice hockey
player Jari Kurri (Finland) with 579
votes; and the speed skater Adne
Sondral (Norway) with 427 votes.
The two athletes with the greatest
number of votes, Pernilla Wiberg and
Manuela di Centa, will serve a man­
date of eight years; the other two
elected athletes, Jari Kurri and Adne
Sondral, will serve a mandate of four Vote!
years. These athletes were then IOC Athletes' Commission
coopted as IOC members by the Salt Lake 2002
113th Session.

Solemn appeal by the President of the UN General Assembly, Han Seung-Soo

O
n 11 December 2001, the
General Assembly adopted res­
olution 56/75, in which it
requested Member States to obsen/e
the Olympic Truce during the XIX
Olympic Winter Games to be held in
Salt Lake City, United States of
America, from 8 to 24 February 2002,
by ensuring the safe passage and par­
ticipation of athletes at the games.
The Olympic Truce, the Greek tradition
of ekecheiria, was born in the eighth
century B.C., serving as a hallowed
principle of the Olympic Games. In
1992, the International Olympic
Committee renewed this tradition by
calling upon all nations to observe the
Olympic Truce.
The General Assembly, recognising the
Olympic Truce as contributing to the
international understanding and the
maintenance of peace, adopted the
landmark resolution 48/11 of 25
October 1993, in which the Assembly
urged Member States to observe the
Olympic Truce. Furthermore, the United
Nations Millennium Declaration,
adopted on 8 September 2000,
includes the same appeal.
The Olympic Movement aspires to con­
tribute to a peaceful future for
humankind through the educational
value of sport. It brings together the ath­
letes of the world in the greatest inter­
national sports festival, the Olympic
Games, and promotes world peace,
friendship, solidarity and fairness, for
which the United Nations also stands.
Based on these shared goals, in 1998
the International Olympic Committee
decided to fly the United Nations flag at
all competition sites of the Olympic
Games, and the United Nations system,
in particular through the United Nations
Educational, Scientific and Cultural
Organisation, is expanding its coopera­
tion with the International Olympic
Committee in various fields, such as
development, humanitarian assistance,
education and the fight against
HIV/AIDS.
However, the terrorist attacks of 11
September 2001 pose a grave chal­
lenge to humanity, the ideal of the
United Nations and the spirit of the
Olympic Games. The international com­ Ballot Box
munity has shown strong unity and is
Urne
cooperating closely to address the chal­
lenge. As the XIX Olympic Winter
Games approach, even more con­
certed efforts and cooperation on the
part of the world community are needed
to ensure that the XIX Olympic Winter
Games are safely and peacefully con­
ducted.
I, therefore, solemnly appeal to all
States to demonstrate their commit­
ment to the Olympic Truce and to take
appropriate measures to ensure the
safe passage and participation of ath­
letes at the Salt Lake City Olympic
Winter Games. Croat bobsledder, Duliano Koludra dropping his voting slip in the baliot box.

30 31

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Two Japanese athletes in the Village restaurant. The flags of the United States, the NOC, the XIX Olympic Winter Games
in Salt Lake City, the United Nations and the Olympic flag. The IOC Athletes' Commission Election Committee and the volunteers.

Kofi Annan and his wife Nane accompanied by Gunilla Lindberg, meeting with the Swedish athletes. Having some fun. President Rogge in his room at the Olympic
Village.

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library

 THE 2002 OLYMPIC WINTER GAMES OLYMPIC MEDALS
IN NUMBERS

T
17 Days of the Olympic Winter 30 000 Support personnel served 1 761,138 Metres (5,778,000 feet) he gold and silver medals for the into the medal, marking the first time in Utah's streams and rivers. Part
Games meals daily of toilet tissue used at XIX Olympic Winter Games in that an organizing committee's vision modern and part rustic, they embody
the Olympic Village Salt Lake City were the heaviest statement is included on a medal. On the spirit of the American West from
65 Days of the Olympic Torch 36 000 Gallons of soup served during Olympic medals ever created (weigh­ the back of the medals, Niké, the the forging of the West to the techno­
Relay the Games 23 000 000 Amount in dollars of ing 20 ounces). The bronze medal Greek goddess of victory, holds a logical present. Each medal was
tickets sold on the first weighed 16 ounces. For the first time small victory leaf, symbolising the hand finished and was slightly differ­
50 000 Capacity at Rice-Eccles
78 Olympic events day of availability in Olympic history, the medals varied olive wreaths that were presented to ent from the other medals similar to
Olympic Stadium
for each sport, featuring 16 unique winners of the ancient Olympic individual rocks sculpted by water
165 Sports sessions 1 270 000 000 SLOG'S core budget in
76125 Beds made daily at the artists' renderings. Games. Within Niké's embrace is an and wind.
dollars for staging the
Olympic Village (more than On the front of the medals, an athlete illustration of the event for which each Each medal was 0.47 inches thick,
234 Medals awarded Olympic Winter Games
the average family of four bursts from flame carrying a torch, medal is being presented. Imprinted four inches tall and 3.25 inches wide.
representing the resilience of the on the back of each medal is the Salt The gold medal contained six grams
300 Buses in the media trans­ would change in 52 years)
human spirit and the power to inspire. Lake 2002 crystal emblem and the of gold plating. Gold and silver medals
portation system
230 000 Meals served at the Olympic The figure has triumphed over adver­ name of the event. At the base of the had a 92.5 percent silver base, and
Village Source: ONS (Olympic News Service). sity and is thus released from a ribbon loop is the Roman numeral 7,5 percent copper base. The bronze
875 Housing units in the Olympic
mountain of ice and rock. The XIX, signifying the XIX Olympic Winter medals had a 90 percent copper and
Village
Olympic rings anchor the image of Games. 10 percent zinc base.
2 100 Bedrooms in the Olympic the athlete, while the 2002 Games' The medals were designed in the
theme 'Light the Fire Within' is etched shape of river rocks, like those found Source: ONS/SLOC Media Relations
Village

2 500 Elevation, in metres, at the

start of the giant slalom com­
petition

2 831 Elevation, in metres, at the

start of the men's downhill
competition

8 730 Press and broadcast media

representatives accredited

11 100 Amount in dollars, of the high­

est bid for tickets (pair of
men's figure skating tickets)
on eBay the online auction
website

11 500 Torchbearers in the Olympic

Torch Relay

16 000 Meals served daily at the

Olympic Village

17 000 Washcloths in the Olympic

Village

34 35

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library

 SLOC EDUCATION CURRICULUM,
PROGRAMMES AND ACTIVITIES
O T
utreach: The goal of SLOC
Education is to provide
Olympic-related experiences
for Utah's over 600,000 students.
SLOC Education works with an advi­
sor/ board and state, district and
schools liaisons to insure the success
of this goal. SLOC Education provides
coordination and support to Olympic-
related initiatives sponsored by
schools, higher education and commu­
nity groups through written communi­
cation and programme visits.
Over 700 Utah public, private and
parochial schools are partnered with
an Olympic Winter Games countn/
through the 'One school, one country'
programme.
The 2002 Olympic education website
(www.uen.org/2002) in partnership
with SLOC Education, Salt Lake City
School District and the Utah
Education Network provides Olympic-
related curriculum, activities and pro­
grammes.
An exhibition on Olympism.
SLOC Education will publish 'REACH:
A Teacher's Guide to the Olympic
Winter Games and the Paralympic
Winter Games'. The book will include
sections on Olympic traditions,
sports, venues, the Paralympics and
Utah. It was distributed to all kinder­
garten through sixth grade teachers
prior to the 2001 -2002 school year.
86 teachers and 118 schools have
created original Olympic programmes
and activities using funds awarded
through 'Sharing the Olympic Spirit?
And Olympic/Paralympic Schools?'
Over 180,000 students received sport
related curriculum and attended test
events at Olympic/Paralympic venues
during the 1999-2001 school years
through 'classroom to events'. The
winning artwork from the Cool Winter
Games Art Project will be displayed in
travelling exhibits before and during
the Games.
Students from each Utah school dis­
trict may enter the 2002 Kids
The young winners of the Winter Games
competition.
36
Commemorative Pin competition.
Limited edition pins are produced.
52 high schools participated in Y.E.S.
(Youth Engaged in Service) leaving an
Olympic legacy of community
improvement.
Over 120,000 students will attend the
Olympic Winter Games and
Paralympic Winter Games through
Tickets for Kids. An Educator's Guide
to the Games was distributed prior to
the 2001 -2002 school year. The book
will provide detailed instruction in stu­
dent ticket distribution, rules for event
attendance, and directions to the
venues.
A Healthier You 2002 Utah's Health
Legacy encourages Utah adults to
improve their lifestyle through fitness
and nutrition.
'The Governor's Music and Education
Programme: Light the Fire Within' will
be the basis for many school and
community performances before and
during the Games.
The Emerson elementary school welcomes
the delegation from Monaco.
CONTRAST, CULTURE AND COURAGE
he recently completed XIX The announcement of the 1906
Olympic Winter Games and Conference was attached to the
their integrated 2002 Olympic invitation to IOC members to attend
Arts Festival warrants reflection the Games in Athens. As completely
brought about by the cultural legacy as de Coubertin believed in the
of Pierre de Coubertin. The very merger of sport and art, the sum­
public challenges surrounding the moning of this "Consultative
Salt Lake City Games, the recent Conference on Art, Letters, and
reforms of the IOC and the signifi­ Sport" was not completely altruistic.
cance of the Games returning to In his Olympic Memoirs, de
Athens in 2004 suggests, to some Coubertin said, "I would be able to
commentators, that this contempo­ use this (the conference) as an
rary period in the Olympic excuse for not going to Athens, a
Movement has elements of the his­ journey I particularly wished to
toric. members to an Advisory avoid."
As I have come to know it, the Conference to determine "to what Excuses aside, de Coubertin, I
magic of the Olympic Movement - extent and in what form the arts and believe, understood that artists pro­
its power, if you will, is in how indi­ literature can participate in the cele­ vide communities with a sense of
vidual communities who are invited bration of the modern Olympiads." place and the Olympic Movement of
to host the Games reinvigorate the Thanks to the vision of de 1906 was missing a vital link to this
Movement. From a cultural perspec­ Coubertin, his question is as applic­ sense of place. A distinct challenge
tive, the gifted research and schol­ able today for the organising com­ remains today as arts and culture
arly work of Professor Norbert Mùller mittees of Athens, Turin, and programmes within the context of
of the University of Mainz (Germany) Beijing, as it was for the nascent host organising committees fight for
aid my reflection. In Professor Olympic Movement of 1906. survival, respect, and presence. De
Muller's opus, we have the wonder­
ful benefit of the Selected Writings of
Pierre de Coubertin.
To any cultural administrator of the
Games, the historical event of the
Olympic Movement in Paris in May
of 1906 is singularly defining. The
festivities in the great amphitheatre
of the Sorbonne, which ended the
1906 Advisory Conference in Paris
(the Conference itself was held in the
historic foyer of the Comédie
Française) on the inclusion of the
arts and humanities in the modern
Olympics, is, for all intents and pur­
poses, the birth right for those of us
who use the arts to help define the
atmosphere of the Modern Games.
In a circular letter to the IOC dated
2 April 1906, de Coubertin invites American folk ballet.
37
Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library

Scuipture by Ailan l-iouser
Coubertin's vision of Oiympism -
wliat tlie Olympic IVlovement aspires
to be - is inextricably linked to the
arts and humanities "harmoniously
joined with sports."
So powerful and current is this ideal
that celebrating the achievements of
athletes alongside the accomplish­
ments of artists became the vision of
the 2002 Olympic Arts Festival. I will
leave it to greater minds to decide if
the 2002 Olympic Arts Festival, in
any substantive way, realised this
vision. However, in the years of
preparation required to deliver a
credible'Olympic cultural pro­
gramme, I have found that de
Coubertin's unflagging belief in the
power of music, dance, and words
was sustaining. So too is the work of
the gifted artists, poets, playwrights,
and essayists I commissioned to
leave a cultural legacy for the 2002
Olympic Winter Games.
Twenty-five years after the 1906
Advisory Conference, de Coubertin
reflected, 7 have already repeated -
The foyer of the Comédie française, venue of the 1906 conference.
The Piiobolus Dance Theatre.
SO often that I am a trifle ashamed
of doing so once again, but so
many people still do not seem to
have understood - that the Olympic
Games are not just ordinary world
championships but a four-yearly
festival of universal youth, "the
spring of mankind", a festival of
supreme efforts, multiple ambitions
and all forms of youthful activity cel­
ebrated by each succeeding gener­
ation as it arrives on the threshold of
38
life. It was no mere matter of
chance that in ancient times, writers
and artists gathered together at
Olympia to celebrate the Games,
thus creating the inestimable pres­
tige the Games have enjoyed for so
long."
Today, the Olympic Games have as
compelling an obligation and
opportunity to gather writers and
artists together as they did in 1906.
If "this was how the reunion of the
muscles and the mind, once
divorced, was celebrated in the
year of grace 1906", let us hope
and pray that the year of grace
2002 extends to Athens, Turin,
Beijing, and beyond.
* Artistic director of the 2002
Olympic Arts Festival; former direc­
tor of the performing arts and film
division of the The Disney Institute, a
Walt Disney Company; former gen­
eral manager of the American
Symphony Orchestra in Carnegie
Hall in New York.
READ, SEEN AND HEARD IN SALT LAKE CITY
T
he new race of collectors, those of
Olympic "pins", was in action in Salt
Lake City The pins that the National
Olympic Committees began distributing
as souvenirs at the Games of the V
Olympiad in Stockholm, in 1912, slowly
became a hobby for athletes and sports
leaders, and items to exchange at
Olympic Games. But the new race of col­
lectors was born outside the Olympic
Movement in the United States of America
during the 1980s, and converted this phe­
nomenon from an exchange of courtesies
into a flourishing business. Today collec­
tors fall into one of two categories: the
amateurs like us, and the professionals,
who go to the Olympic Games to do "pin
trading" business.
During an official visit to the United States
of America, the head of the interim Afghan
government, Hamid Karzai, told the
Washington Press Club that: "Afghanistan
is like a good athlete who is ill. If you want
him to get back onto the sports field, you
have to help him recover by looking after
him. Once the athlete regains his fitness.
A pin coilector
by Fékrou Kidané
he can start running again. That is what
will happen with Afghanistan".
Some sports journalists lucky enough to
take part in the Olympic torch relay had to
train to run the specified 350 yards, par­
ticularly those of advancing years. One
even lost a few kilos by improving his diet
under his wife's guidance. Although the
run is on an individual basis, he still
wanted to do better than some of the
other participants.
Among the volunteers were a 90-year-old
woman and her son. The mother was a
driver, while the son helped with snow
clearing. We do not know whether all the
passengers were happy with the grand­
mother. ..
In America, people like using the word
"world". The national baseball league is
nnnf
Traffic control by a voiunteer at the Main Media Centre.
39
known as the World Series. Now Rudy
Giuliani, the former Mayor of New York
who was in Salt Lake City, is being called
World Mayor
Salt Lake City was visited by several
members of the government cabinet,
including Secretary of State Colin Powell
and Defence Secretary Donald Rumsfeld.
Former Secretary of State Madeleine
Albright was also in the vicinity and, like
Giuliani and the new Mayor of New York,
Michael Bloomberg, she met with the IOC
President.
The American philanthropist from Salt
Lake City, Jon Huntsman, who supports
an institution for cancer treatment, offered
tickets to attend the Olympic Games to
around one hundred people suffering from
cancer. He also gave one million dollars to
the Organising Committee of the
Paralympic Games.
The United Nations Secretary General,
Kofi Annan, and his wife Nane were the
guests of honour of the IOC President and
Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library

(from I. to r) President Rogge, Nane Annan, Ottavio Cinquanta, Anne Rogge, Kofi Annan.
An athiete surfing on the computer.
his wife, Anne Rogge, at tlie Opening
Ceremony of fine XIX Olympic Winter
Games in Salt Lake City. During his brief
stay, Kofi Annan visited the Olympic
Village and also attended the skating
competition, accompanied by Inter­
national Skating Union president Ottavio
Cinquanta.
Thanks to modern technology, the
American athletes competing in the
Games and the soldiers from their country
deployed in Afghanistan, were able to
exchange e-mail messages and video
clips. Both are considered heroes by the
promoter. The computer system available
to the athletes at the Olympic Village also
enabled them to correspond with their
friends and families.
A special site was set aside for groups of
demonstrators of all kinds. The opponents
of the old American tradition of rodeos,
who had even been to Lausanne to kick
up a fuss at the IOC headquarters, were
unsuccessful. The show, attended by the
Governor of Utah, was a great success.
What is more, at the Opening Ceremony
of the Games, part of the show was
based on the life of cowboys in days gone
40
by Clearly the Olympic Games are a god­
send for anyone who wants to let off
steam for one reason or another.
American Customs seized tons of imita­
tion pins, including those of the police,
produced in Asia, but have so far made
no arrests. Fraud of this kind carries a fine
of up to two million dollars and ten years
in prison. The sale of various licensed arti­
cles, including pins, generated more than
13 million dollars.
The King of Norway celebrated his 65th
birthday in Salt Lake City in a restaurant
accompanied, among others, by the IOC
President. Norway's athletes once again
shone at the Olympic Games, winning
many gold, silver and bronze medals, and
thus certainly helped to brighten up the
birthday evening, organised by IOC mem­
ber in Norway Gerhard Heiberg.
The most famous person from the
Mormon church, Brigham Young, after
whom one of Salt Lake City's universities
is named, and who died aged 76 in 1877,
held the record of being married to 56
women, with 57 children from 16 of his
wives. He was a widower 16 times, and
divorced ten wives. Although some fami­
lies still follow this tradition, polygamy is
now prohibited in the State of Utah. There
is even one man accused of polygamy
who will appear in court shortly
The United States of America have federal
laws, but each state also has its own. The
State of Utah has some merciless laws
governing the consumption of alcohol,
which it had to relax during the period of
the Olympic Games. Alcohol may not be
consumed or served by anyone under 21.
Consumption in restaurants is governed
by 25 pages of instructions. You can drink
only what is authorised. The person serv­
ing can decide if you drink or not, accord­
ing to your behaviour, and can, if neces­
sary, call the police to have you arrested.
The sale of alcohol is prohibited on elec­
tion days. Staff have to follow special train­
ing to learn all about alcohol before being
allowed to serve in restaurants or bars. In
order to be allowed to drink alcohol in the
hotel where we were staying, we had to
become members of the 'Wasatch Club'.
What with the cold and flu, we had to treat
ourselves from time to time! The autho­
rised percentage of alcohol, at least for the
beer, was 3.2%. You might as well drink
Canada Dry and toast the skaters, like in
the days of AI Capone.
The media's favourite dish is still scandal,
that can be served with any sauce you
like. Salt Lake City had its scandal, with­
out which there would have been a
drought. Given the choice between writ­
ing about an athlete's achievements or
about a "spicy" scandal, there is no con­
test. Finally two gold medals were
awarded in the pairs' figure skating, a
judge was suspended and an inquiry
commission set up with a promise to
change the marking system, a source of
controversy in the skating competitions.
Other controversies followed. Follow
what happens next in your respective
newspapers.
The King and Queen of Sweden.
At 98% of the total number involved, it
was the volunteers who provided the
shows of the Opening and Closing
Ceremonies, with the Utah Symphony
Orchestra and the Mormon Tabernacle
Choir, composed of 360 volunteers.
The artistic director, Raymond T. Grant, a
New Yorker, was also responsible for the
arts festival.
Traditional Olympic Games visitors, the
Kings and Queens of Sweden and
Norway were in Salt Lake City to follow
the competitions. With their extraordinary
simplicity and natural behaviour, they
inspire the respect of everyone. If only all
statesmen and so-called VIPs behaved
like the Scandinavian royal families...
The owner of two large hotels in Salt
Lake City, in which the Olympic
Family were staying, and of those
located in ski resorts in the surround­
ing areas. Earl Holding, a friend of
Jean-Claude Killy, is a simple man
who goes unnoticed. Welcoming
quite by chance Kofi Annan, the
United Nations Secretary General, to
his brand new hotel, the millionaire
The pioneers convoy at the Opening Ceremony of the Games.
41
excused himself, with a natural cour­
tesy, for not wearing a tie.
It was the "Olympic Spirit" band made up
of 132 young musicians from different
towns around the country who played at
the Opening and Closing Ceremonies.
These young volunteers were placed
under the baton of a music professor from
the University of Utah.
"You are not required to appreciate the
message, but you must respect the right
of the individual to transmit his/her mes­
sage", such were the instructions that
police officers responsible for controlling
protests received from their bosses. The
officers were satisfied, since they arrested
only six protesters and even praised their
behaviour They recognise, however, that
the success was due to the public only
being interested in the Olympic Games
and celebrating, and that people even
considered the protesters as a nuisance.
Amongst the professional police officers
responsible for security at the Games,
there were 600 volunteers from other
states around the country using their
Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library

holiday entitlement. In addition to the
risks of the job, the majority of them did
not see the competitions. They did,
however, have the moral satisfaction of
having served their country voluntarily,
and deserve congratulations and
houses and temporary offices con­
structed for the organisation of the
Games.
THE MEDIA
The defeat, in the final, of the American
ice hockey team by Canada, 2 to 5, was
treated like a national tragedy However,
with a silver medal, one should be more'

thanks.
The Organising Committee will offer to
"Habitat for Humanity", an ecumenical
housing organisation, tons of materials for
the construction of accommodation for
less privileged families. The materials
were used for accommodation, ware­
Temporary air restrictions imposed by the
Federal Aviation Administration were lifted
after the Closing Ceremony on Monday
25 February. During the staging of the
Games, the no-fly zone covered an air
space of 80 km. Salt Lake City airport and
its surroundings were closed during the
Opening and Closing Ceremonies. F16
fighter jets were continuously flying over
Olympic areas.
I
than happy sports-wise. Alas, no! To see n Salt Lake City, the media (written
the faces of the players and the and audio-visual press) were
American political and sporting bodies housed for the first time under one
and the public, one would have believed
roof in the Main Media Centre, located
that one was at a funeral. The lack of fair
in the "Salt Palace" convention centre
play and sportsmanship was obvious. In
in the heart of Salt Lake City. The facil­
this NHL final, in other words, of profes­
ities available for the journalists in a
sional players, money did not interest
well-equipped centre met their expec­
anyone since they already have more
tations. There was even a massage
than enough.
service. Transport and communica­
tions functioned to everyone's general
satisfaction. Among the thousands of
accredited journalists, 13 of them,
from Bermuda (Kyle Hunter), Bosnia
and Herzegovina (Medina Sehic), Fiji
(Raphael Fong), Georgia (Grigol
Gurasashvili), the Islamic Republic of
Iran (Javad Nikpour), Jamaica (Elton
Tucker), Kyrgyzstan (Kabyl
Makeshov), Libya (Claudia Kozman),
Lithuania (Juozas Salkauskas),
Mongolia (Jalsrai Bayarjargal),
Senegal (Abdoulaye Ndiaye), Slovakia
(Peter Pasuth) and Tajikistan (Farid
Salikhov), had been invited by the IOC
in the framework of the "international
cooperation" project aimed at the
media in developing countries. A
14th, Japanese photographer, Yo
Nagaya, from the Kishimoto agency,
was there to provide them with pho­
tos of their athletes and of the Games.
The project was run by Sylvie
Espagnac with the collaboration of
Michelle Irachabal from the
Department of International
Cooperation. During the Games of the
Olympiad, the number of invited jour­
nalists for this programme is higher. In
Sydney, for example, 31 journalists
covered the Olympic Games for the
first time in their professional career.

NBC

F
or the United Sates of America, tele­
vision coverage of the XIX Olympic
Winter Games in Salt Lake City was
provided by NBC, rights holder and long­
time partner of the Olympic Movement.
NBC, the main channel, with its affiliates
MSNBC and CNBC, offered 375 hours of
programming, live or pre-recorded, to the
An NBC control room.
American public, under the responsibility of
Dick Ebersol. During the period of the
Games, the ratings broke all records.
American families were even pleased to
have spent enjoyable evenings at home with
their children. For them, it represented the
Olympic Truce with regard to the usual pro­
grammes about Afghanistan and anthrax.
All those who had the privilege to visit the
NBC studios and see the logistics in Salt
Lake City under the expert guidance of
Alex Gilady IOC member in Israel, were il " iw
impressed. Different television stations,
from all over the world, were installed in
the same way as NBC.
It was Spaniard Manolo Romero, a
director of international renown who
has proven himself at previous Olympic
Games and world championships, who The IOC project participants, (from I, tor.) Jalsrai Bayarjargal, Kabyl Makeshov, Sylvie Espagnac, Bton Tucker, The photographers.
Fékrou Kidané, Kyle Hunter, Claudia Kozman, Grigol Gurasashvili, Raphael Fong, Peter Pasuth and Farid Salikhov
was wholly responsible for the televi­
sion coverage of the Games in Salt
Lake City.
The Olympic Family was also pampered
since, for the first time, they could pick up
coverage from all the Olympic venues in
their hotel bedrooms. However, there
were still some people who grumbled
that, in general, NBC showed only
American athletes. Yet these people are
overlooking the fact that NBC secured
the rights in order to provide a service to
its public, just like the other television sta­
tions, and not to broadcast to the entire
world. The working room at the Main Press Centre. Anne and Jacques Rogge, with Christophe de Kepper, in the 3D studio.

42 43

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library


T I
he Olympic Games
Knowledge Services (OGKS).
officially launched in Salt Lake
City, is a joint project between the
IOC and Monash University
(Australia), which will offer a range of
education, management and con­
sulting services to the Organising
Committees of Olympic Games and
to candidate cities. OGKS grew out
of the IOC's Transfer of Olympic
Knowledge programme (TOK) which
captured the know-how of the
Sydney Organizing Committee for
the Olympic Games and related enti­
ties. The motivation for this project
stems from the IOC's firm wish to
assist bid and host cities in their
undertakings, both on a practical
level and from a financial point of
view. It is hoped that the costs
involved in bidding for or organising
an Olympic Games will also be
reduced through this sharing of
experiences. Its main objective will
be to establish and maintain a com­
prehensive system of transfer for
Olympic know-how, between host
XXI Olympic Winter Games
Given that the deadline for submitting a
candidature file for the XXI Olympic
Winter Games in 2010 has now
passed, the IOC Executive Board has
approved the list of the eight National
Olympic Committees/cities that have
submitted an application. The eight
cities (in alphabetical order) are Andorra
La Vella (Andorra); Bern (Switzerland);
OGKS LAUNCH
cities and candidate cities. For the
IOC President, "the IOC has always
provided significant financial support
to Olympic Games organisers. Now,
the IOC wants to bring greater effi­
ciencies to bear in the organisation
of the Games. OGKS was designed
to help [the IOC] do just that. OGKS
will also help level the playing field
The OGKS Board, (from I. to r.j Christophe Dubi, Thierry Sprunger, Craig McLatchey, David Anthony
Robinson, Richard Kevan Gosper, David Muiiaiy Christopher Lesiie Soiiy Giibert Feiii and Paui i-ienry Rannier
Harbin (People's Republic of China);
Jaca (Spain); Pyeongchang (Korea);
Salzburg (Austria); Sarajevo (Bosnia and
Herzegovina); and Vancouver (Canada).
These cities will have to go through a
bid acceptance procedure during which
their organisational capacity will be
reviewed. In August 2002, the
Executive Board will designate the cities
44
such that candidates and organisers
from different parts of the world can
start with the same knowledge
base." Based in Switzerland, OGKS
is run by Craig McLatchey, former
Secretary General of the Australian
Olympic Committee. Richard Kevan
Gosper, IOC vice-president, is chair­
man of the OGKS Board.
to be accepted as candidate cities.
Each city will then be required to submit
its candidature file to the IOC and make
preparations for a visit from the IOC
Evaluation Commission. The host city of
the XXI Olympic Winter Games in 2010
will be elected in July 2003 during the
115th IOC Session in Prague (Czech
Republic).
SECURITY AT THE GAMES
n the end, all of the pre-Games anxi­ (UOPSC) officers was more comforting
by Mike Gorrell*
ety about the Olympic Games mak­ than worrisome. And since nothing bad
ing Salt Lake City the likely target of a happened, there is no question now
terrorist attack faded away as the ath­ common as National Guard units from about whether it was worth it. Utahns
letes took over and the masses around the country moved into the city loved hosting the Olympics. And a
focused on their exploits instead. and took up positions. But as the large majority would do it again in a
Right now it is too early to know how Olympics proceeded and the flow of heartbeat.
real those fears might have been. And crowds through security checkpoints While concern about security certainly
it probably will take decades before moved more quickly, the military pres­ skyrocketed after 11 September, the
intelligence agencies' documents are ence seemed to fade into the back­ foundation for the coordinated
declassified and historians can deter­ approach to public safety was molded
ground, overshadowed by the smiles
mine whether the unprecedented show and friendly greetings of the Salt Lake significantly by another act of terror —
of force by federal, state and local Organising Committee's corps of vol­ the Centennial Park bombing during
security agencies in the United States unteers. the Games of the XXVI Olympiad in
actually caused terrorists — or even For local residents, many of whom had 1996.
less-violent, single-issue rabble- wondered after 11 September whether In the post-bombing assessment of
rousers — to back away from plans to hosting the Games was worth becom­ what went wrong, federal authorities
disrupt the Olympics. ing a terrorist target, the sight of sol­ determined that a lack of cooperation
But the bottom-line result is what diers and yellow-jacketed Utah between the dozens of federal, state
counts. And now it is part of the histor­ Olympic Public Safety Command and local-government agencies
ical record that the Salt Lake City
Olympics, the first major international
gathering following the 11 September
terrorist attacks on the United States,
came off peacefully. Nothing worse
happened than a street skirmish
between police and some rowdy young
men who got out of line when their
access to beer was cut off late on the
next-to-last night of the Games.
The presence of more than 10,000 law-
enforcement officers and military per­
sonnel had been less intrusive on the
celebratory scene than many had envi­
sioned in the months after 11
September.
There had been wonder far and near;
Would Salt Lake City look more like a mil­
itary outpost than an Olympic host city?
In the week before the Games began,
and even through its first few days, the
sight of green camouflage fatigues was Two motorcycie poiice officers.
45
Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library
involved in Olympic security had under­
mined the effort to keep the public safe.
Mindful that Salt Lake City's Games
offered an opportunity to right the
shortcomings of the Atlanta security
model and that time, the Clinton
Administration set up a more struc­
tured process to integrate its approach
at a time when there was still plenty of
time to develop a detailed security plan.
A presidential directive put the U.S.
Secret Service in overall charge of
security. Specific responsibilities were
assigned to different agencies accord­
ing to their strengths. For instance, the
FBI was in charge of intelligence to
identify potential threats. The Federal
Emergency Management Agency pre­
pared for whatever type of disaster
might occur and was ready to step into
a lead role if problems arose.
Since state's rights vis-a-vis the federal
government is a big issue in conserva­
tive Utah, where 70 percent of the
state's lands are federally owned, the
notion of imposing a U.S. government
security plan on the locals was unten­
able.
And so in the spring of 1998, just
months after the Nagano Olympic
Winter Games, the Utah Legislature
created UOPSC. Twenty member
agencies from the state, venue com­
munities, university police depart­
ments, emergency management ser­
vices, fire departments — as well as
federal agencies — were brought
together formally in a command led by
Utah's commissioner of public safety.
Craig Dearden initially held that post.
He was later replaced by Robert
Flowers, who had been a police chief in
the growing southern Utah town of St.
George. Responsibility for the day-to­
day development of the safety plan
was put into the hands of David Tubbs,
a retired FBI agent, with much of the
nitty-gritty groundwork done by Chris
Bellavita, an academic and veteran of
the Atlanta Games whose services
were acquired through a federal grant.
While government law enforcement
agencies oversaw all safety prepara­
tions 'outside the fence', the Salt Lake
Organizing Committee would handle
most everything 'inside the fence',
meaning everything within the perime­
Soldiers at their security post.
46
ter of the decorations-covered chain
link fences around competition venues
and non-competition facilities such as
the Olympic Village and the Main Media
Center.
This interaction between SLOC and
government agencies created friction
at times. One of the big sources of dis­
content involved the amount of money
local police departments would have to
spend to provide coverage in their geo­
graphical areas — and to pay the
salaries of officers loaned to UOPSC for
the overall security team. At one point,
the Utah Legislature put a sales tax on
Olympic ticket sales to help local gov­
ernments cover the costs.
In 1999, after Mitt Romney and Fraser
Bullock took over as SLOC's president
and chief operating officer, respectively,
they negotiated a deal with the state;
SLOC was allowed to keep the roughly
$13 million in sales taxes while agree­
ing to pay the personnel costs incurred
by local and state agencies.
Through the work of Utah's congres­
sional delegation, principally Senator
Bob Bennett, federal appropriations
covered most of those costs and
enabled SLOC to use the $13 million to
supplement its programme. Federal Security patroi by bicycie.
funding also was used to improve
communications systems along the
Wasatch Front, the phrase Utahns use at one point to add $40-$50 million understood in Utah, which for years
to describe the 120-kilometre urban worth of assistance to keep the Games has been home to military bases where
corridor from Prove in the south to safe. obsolete chemical weapons are
Ogden in the north with Salt Lake City Although UOPSC and SLOC officials destroyed and antidotes for biological
in between. Airports were upgraded. All said repeatedly that 11 September did weapons are developed.
forms of equipment were delivered to little to alter an already sound security There was a scare early on that some
Salt Lake City. SLOC also signed spon­ plan, a few visible changes were made. type of sinister agent had been sent to
sor agreements with companies that The amount of restricted airspace Salt Lake City's airport. But in the end,
supplied state-of-the-art security cam­ around Olympic venues was increased no one received any contaminated
eras, magnetometers, screening and flights in and out of Salt Lake City packages. No bombs went off.
wands and other high-tech equipment. International Airport were grounded Background crime went down and the
More than $300 million was invested in during the Opening Ceremony, when number of citations for scalping tickets
the security setup. President George W. Bush was at without a business license exceeded all
Then 11 September happened. Rice-Eccles Stadium, and the Closing other infractions — including the num­
In an almost surreal coincidence, Ceremony, which was overseen by ber of misdemeanours cited during the
Romney was in Washington, D.C. vice-president Dick Cheney. beer bust.
when one of the hijacked jetliner's A mail-screening system was estab­ Given the heightened tensions in the
slammed into the Pentagon. He was lished for the Olympic Village and other world, that is a legacy that will be the
there lobbying Congress to approve key junctions because of the anthrax source of great pride for American
the final funding to cover personnel attacks along the East Coast. public safety officials for years to
costs. A plan for detecting, treating and pre­ come.
Romney had no problem getting any venting terrorist uses of a biological or
funding after that. The final tally is not chemical weapon already was
yet available, but Congress was poised enhanced. Both threats were well * Journalist, Salt Lake Tribune.
47
Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library

Maxima and minima
The short-track speed skater Ganbat
Jargalanchuluun of Mongolia, and
Croatian skier Ana Jelusic were the
youngest athletes at the Games in Salt
Lake City. They were born on 13 July
and 28 December respectively in the
same year, 1986. Participating in the luge
events were the two oldest competitors:
Werner Hoeger (Venezuela), who will be
48 on 15 December next, and Anne
Abernathy (Virgin Islands), who will also
be celebrating her 48th birthday but ear­
lier in the year on 12 April.
Firsts
For the first time in Olympic luge history,
a father and son were competing in the
same event. Werner Hoeger and his
son Christopher competed in the indi­
vidual luge event at Utah Olympic Park.
Living in Boise, Idaho (United States of
America), the Hoegers took up luge as
a sport four years ago when the Park
City track was opened. They are both
members of the Solidarity Group of the
International Luge Federation, which
helps athletes from countries lacking
Father and son lugers, Werner (n" 47) and
Christopher Hoeger (n° 32).
NEWS
the appropriate infrastructure. Last
year, at the world championships,
Christopher finished in 48th place, two
ahead of his father. This year in Salt
Lake City he finished 31st and his
father 40th. Born in Merida in
Venezuela, Werner is today a university
professor in Idaho, and Christopher,
born in Odessa, Texas, is a student. In
addition, Werner Hoeger and his wife
have published 38 works on health and
physical fitness.
Two skiers achieved the first ever dead
heat in an Olympic cross country skiing
competition on 14 February. The
Nonwegians Frode Estil and Thomas
Alsgaard crossed the finish line of the
10 km classic combined pursuit with
the identical time of 49 minutes,
48.9 seconds, and shared the silver
medal. In 1980 at Lake Placid, there
was nearly a tie when Sweden's
Thomas Wasseberg won the 15 km
classical style race, just one second
ahead of Finland's Juha Miteo. The
1982 world championships in Oslo
were marked by two dead heats in the
men's 4 x 10 km relay NonA/ay and the
Norwegians Frode Estil (left) and Thomas Alsgaard, a second place tie in the 10 km classic
cross country skiing.
48
former Soviet Union won the gold, with
Finland and the former German
Democratic Republic sharing the
bronze, in an era when photo-finish
technology was not yet available.
Summer and Winter Olympians
Eight athletes at the XIX Olympic Winter
Games had already taken part in the
Games of the Olympiad: Antonella
Bellutti (Italy bobsleigh in 2002, and
cycling in 1996 and 2000); Igor Boraska
(Croatia, bobsleigh in 2002 and rowing
in 2000); Philip Harries (Great Britain,
bobsleigh in 2002 and athletics in 1988);
Clara Hughes (Canada, speed skating in
2002, and cycling in 1996 and 2000);
Katerina Neumannova (Czech Republic,
cross country skiing in 1992, 1994,
1998 and 2002, and mountain bike in
1996); Martin Schuetzenauer (Austria,
bobsleigh in 1992, 1994, 1998 and
2002, and athletics in 1996); Hayley
Wickenheiser (Canada, ice hockey in
1998 and 2002, and soffball in 2000);
and Chris Witty (United States of
America, speed skating in 1994, 1998
and 2002, and cycling in 2000).
JANICA KOSTELIC'S VICTORY
T
he Olympic Solidarity pro­ son. However, in view of her injuries, sented by its director, who announced,
gramme for the XIX Olympic her participation in Salt Lake City was among other things, the launch of an
Winter Games Salt Lake City, thrown into doubt and no one "Athens 2004" Olympic scholarships
aimed at the preparation of athletes expected Janica Kostelic to enter the programme for athletes. Janica was
and teams, was provided with a budget history books by winning four Olympic thus able to describe the role played by
of US$ 1,800,000, split between 59 medals - three gold and one silver - in Olympic Solidarity in her career and to
NOCs on the basis of their requests. Salt Lake City. comment on her results in Salt Lake
This "à la carte" subsidy was awarded Janica Kostelic also took part in a press City before offering her skis and com­
after consultation with the International conference in Salt Lake City, in which petition outfit to the Olympic Museum
Federations concerned, for the organi­ Olympic Solidarity's activities were pre­ in Lausanne.
sation of training camps, coaching
costs and costs linked to participation
in international competitions. In total,
690 athletes benefited from this pro­
gramme according to the following
geographic distribution: 4 in Africa, 68
in America, 71 in Asia, 535 in Europe
and 12 in Oceania. Out of these, 402
athletes, that is around 58%, qualified
and took part in the XIX Olympic Winter
Games in Salt Lake City. Furthermore,
four ice hockey teams, three of which
were men's teams from Austria,
Slovakia, and the Ukraine, and a
women's team from Kazakhstan, bene­
fited from the Salt Lake City pro­
gramme.
During the Games, Olympic Solidarity
closely followed the performances of
the 141 female and 261 male benefi­
ciaries of the programme, with 6 gold
medals, 8 silver medals and 14 bronze
medals and 60 diplomas obtained. A
more detailed report is available on the
IOC website (www.olympic.org).
In addition, Olympic Solidarity followed
one athlete particularly closely: skier
Janica Kostelic, who, before the XVIII
Olympic Games in Nagano in 1998,
benefited for three years (1995-1998)
from a "young hopeful" Olympic schol­
arship. The young Croat has since
proved that she is an established ath­
lete, particularly by winning the overall
Crystal Globe for the 2000/2001 sea­ Janica Kostelic, winner of three gold and one silver medal.
49
Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library
 r

The men's iOkm classic cross country competition The Jamaican bobsleigh team

isKPSr-s'fet -iK

frenchmman C»ote Montillet, Olympic downhill champion. Shiva Keshman, Indian luger. Canada, silver medallist in men's curling. Austrian Margarita Marbler, in the moguls competitions.'

50

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library

FOR ALL THOSE TIMES YOU PUSHED YOURSELF
to achieve more than seemed humanly possible to everyone.
Except you. For all those long hours on chilly mornings and
sweaty afternoons that trained you to move fast enough to
catch your dreams. For all of you who accomplished feats that
made your mothers' backs stiffen with pride and sent shivers
THE CLOSING CEREMONY
down the backs of an entire stadium. For each and every one of
W
ith the unabashed theme
"Let's Party", normally
you who keep the flame alivefor all of us. We're very proud to sedate and conservative
Salt Lake City showed a wild and
crazy side during the Closing
Ceremony for the 2002 Olympic
Winter Games. Two years ago,
document your exhilarating achievements for the entire world. Sydney brought out many of
Australia's best and brightest in a
raucous Down Under send-off for the
world's Summer Olympic athletes.
On 24 February, Salt Lake City
matched Sydney's fervor with a
farewell to the Games packed with
American music, performing artists,
humour and an even a serious
moment or two.
THE DOCUMENT COMPANY More than 50,000 spectators filled
Rice-Eccles Stadium at the University
099
XEROX XEROX of Utah to watch the extravaganza
while an estimated worldwide audi­
Worldwide Partner
ence of two billion watched on televi-
XEROX,®' The Document Companv® and the digital X'® are trademarks of XEROX CORPORATION. 36 USC 220506.
by Ed Hula*
sion. In the audience at the stadium.
United States vice-president Dick
Cheney represented the government
of the host nation.
Don Mischer, the award-winning TV
producer who was director of cere­
monies for the Games of the XXVI
Olympiad in Atlanta in 1996, was the
53
Executive Producer for Salt Lake City's
two-hour ceremony. Mischer has a
deep love and appreciation for con­
temporary American music. In Atlanta,
he closed the Games with some of
America's greatest pop performers; in
Salt Lake City he found more
American stars to place centre stage.
In the opening section of entertain­
ment titled "An American Musical",
Gloria Estefan, Dianne Reeves, Earth,
Wind and Fire and Harry Connick, Jr.
sang pop and jazz classics. But it
was the legendary rock band Kiss
that seemed to stand out. The
group's outrageous costumes and
make-up are one of a kind, for
starters. They performed their classic
hit "Rock and Roll All Night" atop a
stage that moved across the stadium
floor while jets of flame spewed from
either end of the stage, flamboyance
Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library

The Mayor of Turin, Sergio Champarino, carrying the Olympic fiag. By his side, President Rogge
and the Mayor of Salt Lal<e City Rocl<y Anderson.
that's a Kiss performance trademark.
The Kiss mini-concert also included
two other star performers: Kristi
Yamaguchi and Katarina Witt. They
were part of a group of top figure
skaters who took their turns perform­
ing on the meandering band of ice
set into the stadium floor Among the
other Olympians on skates were Kurt
Browning, Dorothy Hammill, Ilia Kulik
and Scott Hamilton.
Besides the good humour of the
music and skating, the Salt Lake City
ceremony also trotted out some
stand-up comedy, dinosaur-style.
Billed as "Utah's first family", two
giant puppets, looking like the skele­
tons of T-Rexes, traded corny jokes
with one another Their voices were
eventually revealed to be from
another "Utah first family": pop stars
Donnie and Marie Osmond, the
state's most famous musical export
of the 1970's.
The Closing Ceremony had another
surprise musical element: country
54
IMAGES FROM THE CLOSING CEREMONY
artist Willy Nelson. His spot was
listed in the advance schedule for the
ceremony only as "to be
announced". Nelson, strumming a
guitar, sang a soulful "Bridge Over
Troubled Water". He was swathed
against the near-freezing weather, his
lined and bearded round face
guarded by a heavy coat collar, a
wide brimmed cowboy hat sheltering
from above.
Despite the cold - it could have been
worse - the Closing Ceremony was
charmed with good weather Snow
that had been forecast never came.
And wind, perhaps the producers'
biggest worry, remained calm. That
made it possible to stage one of the
more spectacular scenes, when large
balloons floated into the stadium
near the end of the ceremony.
Suspended below the balloons, per­
formers on snowboards seemed to
defy gravity. The name of the perfor­
mance group, appropriately, was
Anti-Gravity.
In a continuation of a major theme
from the Opening Ceremony, the
Closing Ceremony marked the
return of the "Children of Light",
dozens of costumed youngsters in
carrying lanterns. They welcomed
the parade of athletes at the
Opening Ceremony and lined the
pathway for the "Flags of the
Nations" Parade in the Closing.
Amidst the fun and pageantry were
more solemn moments. Pop idols
*NSYNC performed an acappella
rendition of the "Star Spangled
Banner" while a group of five Native
American war veterans raised the
American flag.
Speechmaking was reserved for
remarks by IOC President Jacques
Rogge and Salt Lake Organizing
Committee President Mitt Romney.
But even in these formalities there
was a light touch.
Romney, ever the cheerleader,
exclaimed in triumph: "Salt Lake
55
Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library
City...we did it\". He bubbled with
praise for volunteers ("you guys were
greatl") and the athletes, whom he
called "heroes".
President Rogge, who has vowed
never to label any games as "the
best", kept to his word when he
spoke after Romney. Nonetheless he
was able to find perhaps a more suit­
able superlative to describe the 2002
Winter Games: "superb".
And while he won applause for that
assessment, President Rogge
moments later drew loud groans
from the audience when he officially
declared the close of the Games, the
most sobering moment of the night.
But he took the grumbling in the spirit
given, pausing to smile in reaction to
the warm way the Games had been
received in Utah.
He then turned the emotions around
in a flash, however, reminding all that
he was inviting the world's athletes to
reunite four years from now in Turin.
Indeed, the host city for the 2006
Winter Olympics was not overlooked
in the Salt Lake City ceremony. A six-
minute portion of the programme
was dedicated to introducing the
capital city of the Piedmont region.
The fast-paced segment highlighted
The vice-president of the United States, Dicl< Cheney and the iOC President, Jacques Rogge.
the style, culture and couture of Italy
A trio of skaters trailed long scarves
in the colors of the Italian flag.
Models paraded in fashions from
Versace, Valentino, and Dolce &
Gabbana. Giant projections onto the
ice surface portrayed other Italian
icons, such as the Vespa and the
sketchwork of DaVinci.
Turin's presentation matched the
energy and fun of its Salt Lake City
hosts, presenting the U.S. debuts of
two of Italy's pop divas, Irene Grandi
and Elisa. And a display of traditional
flag spinners gave a hint of the spec­
tacle that may come in four year's
time in Turin's Olympic Stadium.
* Editor, Around The Rings.
SPEECH BY SLOC PRESIDENT, MITT ROMNEY
S
alt Lake City...WE DID IT!!
A lot of people deserve credit. For
me, chief among them are the vol­
unteers, the best ever! And spe­
cial thanks to the military and
The presentation by Turin, host city of the XX Oiympic Winter Games in 2006.
(from /. to r) Grant Thomas, Scott Givens, iVlarl< Lewis, David Busser, Ed Eynon, Keiiy Fiint,
Cindy Giiiespie and Cathy Phestner-Aiiinger
56
public safety and transit work­
force that come from across the
country. You guys were great!
Something magical has happened
during these past 17 days. You
Olympians came here represent­
ing 78 different countries. But
57
today, you are heroes of the entire
world!
You may have been here to pursue
you own dream, but you also
brought the Olympic spirit to us.
The Olympic spirit is a world audi­
ence, cheering Russian and
Canadian pairs skaters like our own
hometown heroes.
The Olympic spirit is a third genera­
tion Olympian propelled to greatness
by the inspiration of his grandfather
and father.
The Olympic spirit is going for an
impossible freestyle aerial jump,
knowing that it's either gold or good­
bye.
Win or not, you each reached for
your dream, and we dreamed with
you.
There is another dream that is
shared by all: a dream that one day
our children will live in peace. For
17 days, we have lived that dream.
The world came together, some in
person, more by television.
Olympians, we cheered all of you,
not just our own. We saw in you the
universal greatness of the human
family. During these Games of 2002
in Salt Lake, you have shown us
what the world can be...and we
love it!
In a few moments we will extinguish
the Olympic flame, but the fire you
have lit in each of us will not go out.
We leave this place as dreamers
because now we know that the
dream we share, can come true.
Olympians, volunteers, spectators,
remember these 17 days: we have
rocked the world!
Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library
 SPEECH BY THE IOC PRESIDENT,
JACQUES ROGGE
O A
n behalf of the Olympic
Movement, I want to thank
our hosts, the American
people, for offering us these two
unforgettable weeks.
Athletes, we admired your great
performances. We were thrilled by
your spirit of fair play and brother­
hood.
Keep this flame alight. Promote the
Olympic dream in your countries.
You are the true ambassadors of
the Olympic values.
Volunteers you are, along with the
athletes, also the champions of
%
these Games. Your generosity and
profound kindness has won our
hearts. You were marvellous.
Friends from the Salt Lake City
Organising Committee, under the
great leadership of Mitt Romney,
you delivered flawless Games,
Thank you.
Our gratitude also goes to the secu­
rity forces who did such a profes­
sional job.
People of America, Utah and Salt
Lake City, you have given the world
superb Games.
You have reassured us that people
from all countries can live peacefully
together.
Thank you. Thank you. And now in
keeping with the tradition...
I call upon the youth of the world, to
gather four years from now in Turin
- Italy - for the celebration of the XX
Olympic Winter Games in 2006.
58
THE DURABILITY OF THE GAMES
thletes of the world! Is your
goal to be part of Olympic his­
tory and one of its heroes?
Are you ready to help us relive your
achievements daily?
Do you want the spirit of the Games to
be remembered?
Then come and write down your name
next to those of Eric Heiden, Bjorn
Daehlie, Katarina Witt or Shannon
Dunn! Donating an object to the
Olympic Museum Lausanne means
that great moments in sports history
will never be forgotten. A donation
• .T»
allows a valuable legacy to live on and
becomes an essential tool in young
people's education.
Help us achieve this goal!"
Such was the message of the Olympic
Museum Lausanne for all the athletes
participating in the XIX Olympic Winter
Games in Salt Lake City.
In the residential zone of the Olympic
Village, the Museum presence was in
a key position. Visitors were initially
attracted by outfits from the Games in
Albertville, Lillehammer and Nagano.
However, once inside, the inquisitive
visitor would discover many other
treasures, including the ski boot of
Swiss athlete Madeleine Berthod,
Olympic downhill champion in Cortina
d'Ampezzo in 1 956, that of
Frenchman Jean-Luc Cretier, downhill
gold medallist in Nagano in 1998, the
bobsleigh helmets of the Italian gold
medal-winning team, signed by
Gunther Huber and Antonio Tartaglia.
The aim of exhibiting these objects
was to encourage athletes to make
their own donations. This mission was
achieved, as more than 250 items of
by Irène Neveu
equipment and objects were col­
lected. Croatian skier Janica Kostelic
donated her ski-suit, skis and the
number she wore during her Super G
at the Games, while Isolde Kostner,
the downhill silver medallist, donated
her skis. Hockey sticks, lugers' suits,
the official uniforms of the Japanese
and Argentinean delegations, shoes,
helmets and other hats,
glasses, coats and jumpers will all be
featured as part of the permanent
exhibitions in the Olympic Museum.
Many athletes in Salt Lake City also
promised to make donations.
The Olympic Studies Centre, the
largest research and documentation
centre on Olympism in the world, pro­
vided services to journalists from
around the globe at the Main Media
Centre. As part of the Museum's dis­
play, 3D stands enabled journalists to
find out more about the Museum.
There were also Snowlets, living mas­
cots from the 1998 Games in Nagano,
OLYMPIC
MUSEUM
LAUSANNE
SWITZERIANO
The Olympic Museum stand at the Press Centre
in Sait Lai<e City.
59
a Stewart-Warner radio dating from
1941 and in perfect working condition,
a Century commentator unit specially
built for the Los Angeles Games in
1984 and tested at the Games in
Sarajevo in 1984, an RCA pocket tran­
sistor radio, a condenser microphone
used during the Berlin Games in 1936,
as well as journalists identity cards and
accreditations. This display greatly
helped to arouse the interest of journal­
gloves, ists', who came in large numbers to
visit the stand and ask the Museum
representatives from the Archives,
Library and Documentation Depart­
ments, questions relating to statistics,
results and other information about the
Olympic Games.
The Images and Sound Department
and Photo Library were able to greatly
increase the number of hours of
footage and the number of photos in
their respective archives. These docu­
ments were also available, on request,
to journalists and visitors.
Moreover, an exhibition on two floors of
the City & County Building enabled the
general public to find out more about
the Olympic Museum. A large philatelic
and numismatic exhibition and wonder­
ful bobsleigh and figure skating posters
fascinated the many visitors, including
some 5,000 school children from the
Salt Lake region and their teachers. A
drawing competition was held in which
the first prize was a trip to Lausanne.
There was also a touring exhibition of
Olympic Winter Games posters, as well
as sculptures by Rosa Serra, which
could be admired in the Marketing
Club, and a showcase in the lobby of
the official hotel of the Olympic Family.
Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library
 THE VOLUNTEERS THE SPECTATORS

:;:i

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library


T
he terrorist acts perpetrated
upon the United States of
America on 11 September last,
condemned by the whole world, natu­
rally had repercussions for the XIX
Olympic Winter Games, which have
just been held in Salt Lake City, Utah.
As we suspected, security was the
major concern of the American author­
ities, who invested 310 million dollars
and allocated more soldiers to protect­
ing the Games than to the war against
terrorism in Afghanistan. Several
related laws were also decreed. One of
these, which came into force on 5
February last, prohibited passengers
flying to Salt Lake City from leaving
their seats less than 30 minutes before
the plane landed. A passenger on a
Los Angeles-Salt Lake City flight who
did not comply with this rule, going to
the toilet 25 minutes before landing,
was arrested upon arrival by the federal
police (FBI) and later released. Under
the terms of the law, he could face up
to 20 years in prison. I do not know
what the law says about cases of force
majeure. On the security side, I wit­
nessed the preparations by the differ­
ent American agencies for the visit to
Salt Lake City of the United Nations
Secretary General, Kofi Annan. It was,
to say the least, impressive.
The IOC knew full well that it would be
faced with a 'fait accompli' for some
aspects of the Opening Ceremony, in
relation to the 11 September tragedy,
and that it would have to reconcile
Olympic tradition and diplomacy, in
order to limit the damage. It had been
forgotten however, that the President of
the Games organising committee
(SLOC), the charming and highly com­
petent Mitt Romney, is above all a
politician, a member of the Republican
Free Opinion
AMERICA
by Fékrou KIdané
party, who already faced the democrat
Kennedy in an election in Boston, and
that he has not failed to exploit this
unique opportunity for political pur­
poses.
The use of the American flag found in
the ruins of the twin towers of the
World Trade Center in New York dur­
ing the Opening Ceremony required
tough negotiations between the IOC,
SLOC and the United States Olympic
Committee. Finally, the flag, accom­
panied by New York firemen and
policemen, was honoured at the start
of the ceremony, in the presence of
Presidents Bush, Rogge and
Romney.
Traditionally, the IOC members are pre­
sented to the Head of State. This did
not happen in Salt Lake City. President
Bush met only the members of the
Executive Board. Was this to avoid
shaking hands with the IOC member in
Iran, Mostafa Hashemi Taba? Who
knows. But when he appeared before
the IOC members and honorary
guests. Mitt Romney introduced
President Bush as the man committed
to bringing dignity to the presidency.
For the uninitiated, this was Bush's
campaign slogan against Gore and the
62
democrats after the Monica Lewinsky
case.
Mitt Romney, who will run for the office
of Governor of Massachusetts, and his
personal friend George W. Bush, also
remodelled the scenario for the open­
ing of the Games. The IOC President
who, in his speech, expressed the feel­
ings of the Olympic Movement in the
much-appreciated phrase "United we
stand", called upon the Head of State
of the host country to declare open the
Games, in accordance with tradition
and the Olympic Charter. President
Bush, who was far from the official
stand, among the US athletes - which
was a first - declared the Games open,
but added "on behalf of a proud, deter­
mined and grateful nation", etc. Of
course, including these extra words is
contrary to the Olympic Charter. The
Olympic cauldron was lit by the US ice
hockey team, which beat the USSR
team in 1980 at the XIII Olympic Winter
Games in Lake Placid, and whose
members were not wearing the official
torch relay uniform. The Olympic flag
was not earned, as it used to be, by
former Olympic athletes but by high-
profile people, all but one from outside
the Olympic Movement. We were even
treated to some advertising for brands
of skis that our experts would describe
as ambush marketing. Little did SLOC
care, being on its home territoryl The
IOC did not fail to uphold tradition and
the Olympic Charter, at the price of
being criticised by the national press.
But since President Bush said "either
you are with us, or you are with the oth­
ers", the scope for dialogue has been
reduced. And since 11 September,
democracy has become a one-way
process. Even the bastions of democ­
racy cannot make head nor tail of it.
The star commentator from an
American television network could not
refrain from announcing the entry of the
Iranian delegation into the stadium by
using Bush's famous "Axis of evil" ref­
erence, describing the country as a
threat to the world. Fortunately, the
welcome reserved for the Iranian team
by the public was a warm one.
On the other hand, the Closing
Ceremony went ahead without any lan­
guage gap and with respect for tradi­
tion, in the presence of vice-president
Dick Cheney. Even so, Olympic tradi­
tion and ethics were largely scorned by
a certain "don't care" attitude. This 'fait
accompli' has set a precedent which
will have to be managed in the future.
What is frightening is the lack of enthu­
siasm for Olympic culture among the
present generation, and that the next
generation's knowledge of Olympism
will go no further than the "showbiz"
and "trimmings" that go with it. We are
very much counting on Greece, the
cradle of Olympism, to defend Olympic
tradition and culture next time round.
The IOC has always had confrontations
with Organising Committees of the
Olympic Games, who often fail to
respect the commitments entered into
before they are selected. However,
faced with a 'fait accompli' and every
kind of pressure, the IOC finds solu­
tions and achieves consensus so as to
ensure the successful staging of the
Olympic Games. This is how, under the
political pressure of Australia and the
involvement of the United Nations, East
Timor was allowed to participate in the
Games of the XXVII Olympiad in
Sydney in 2000, against all established
rules. Burundi, a fully fledged Member
State of the United Nations but without
a recognised NOC, attempted to take
part in the Games in Seoul in 1988 and
Eritrea, under the same statutes, in
Atlanta in 1996. Both could not make it
because of the rules. However East
Timor, which will only join the United
Nations next May and which has yet to
Free Opinion
Security obliges.
establish an Olympic Committee, made
it thanks to Australia.
We are all proud of our respective cul­
tures and the traditions that we have
inherited from our ancestors. For my
part, I regard the Olympic culture that I
share with the international community
as my own. I am moved every time I
hear the Olympic Anthem. There are
many of us around the world who have
grown up and grown old with this cul­
ture, that we are endeavouring to pro­
tect against abusive political and com­
mercial exploitation. Whether we like it
or not, powerful outside forces, sup­
ported by elements inside the
Movement, will over time and under
various pretexts convert Olympic cul­
ture into a masquerade culture, unless
we are careful to preserve its heritage.
The Games in Salt Lake City were a
great success. The warm welcome
reserved for us and the services pro­
vided by thousands of ever-smiling vol­
unteers were remarkable. The
American people are, by their nature,
generous and very human. Their patri­
otism is no different from that practised
63
by other peoples. The feeling
described as anti-Americanism is no
more than the fruit of government pol­
icy conveyed by powertui media, and
in general has nothing to do with the
people itself. Every human being,
whatever his or her origin or nationality,
rejects arrogance and defends his or
her dignity. The arrogance of the strong
and rich towards the weak and poor is
contrary to the word of God taught by
all religions. But we should not make
the mistake of overgeneralising, and
seeing only the negative side. Rather it
is the positive side that makes the rich­
ness and strength of the United States
of America, appreciated and admired
all over the world. It is always a great
pleasure for me to visit this country, so
fascinating from all points of view. The
Congress and Senate debates and the
contributions that people phone in on
different subjects every morning,
shown on my favourite public television
network C-SPAN, are so instructive
that I make time to follow them. Cajun
steak. New Orleans style, listening to
jazz or country music, and a stroll along
Fifth Avenue is my traditional leisure-
time programme when I am in New
York, that multi-faceted city of sky­
scrapers. I have visited 31 of this coun­
try's 50 states, crammed with every­
thing that nature can produce. The
state of Utah, host of these Olympic
Winter Games, stronghold of the
Mormon religion, with its superb snow-
covered mountains, its canyons, lakes
and rivers, provided an idyllic pic­
turesque setting that we all admired.
America can be proud of having met
the challenge by staging excellent
Olympic Winter Games, and deserves
our hearty congratulations. We hope,
nonetheless, that Olympism will be truly
established in this sports-loving coun­
try which Pierre de Coubertin visited
twice, in 1889 and in 1893, to promote
his ideal, which led to the holding of the
Games of the III Olympiad in Saint
Louis in 1904.
Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library
 Olympic Quiz News Flash
Answers Regional Games
In 1964 at the IX Olympic Winter Games in Innsbruck, the overturned initially, although had it been, Fréchette would Media Chief to operate
The South Pacific Mini
original pairs silver medallists were Marika Kiiius and Hans- have won the championships. But after an appeal, Fréchette
Jurgen Baumler (Federal Republic of Germany) with the was given a gold medal and she and Babb-Sprague were Games were held in Norfolk the studio as well as a
Canadians Debbi Wilkes and Guy Revell placed third. But declared joint champions, Island from 4 to 14 Decem­ Media Coordinator who
after the Olympics, Kiiius and Baumler were disqualified when
6. There have been 59 doping positives announced at the ber last with the participation provided written stories
it was discovered that they had signed a professional ice
show contract before the Olympics. Wilkes and Revell
Olympic Games, and in 20 of these instances, a disqualifica­
tion affected a medallist, or his/her teams. In a few of these of 19 of the 22 member
m . I for the print media from
received silver medals, and the Americans, Vivian and Ronald
cases, no medal was awarded to replace the disqualified ath­ countries of the South countries that did not
Joseph, originally placed fourth, received bronze medals.
lete, but in most cases, the athletes placed below were
But in the 1970s, Kiiius and Baumler had their disqualification
moved up in the standings and new medals were awarded. Pacific Games Council. have staff in Norfolk
overturned and they again received silver medals. Thus two
Around 1,000 athletes com­ Island. As in Sydney, the
teams are considered silver medallists in that event. 7. The Swede Ingemar Johansson fought the American, Hayes
Edward Sanders, in the 1952 heavyweight final, but was dis­ peted in 11 sports, almost programme was very
The original bronze medallist was Thorleif Haug of Norway,
qualified for passivity, and was not given a silver medal. But
with Anders Haugen of the United States 4th. In the 1970's, doubling the population of successful and all coun­
in the 1980s, the IOC reversed this decision and awarded
Norwegian sports historian Jakob Vaage re-did the calcula­
Johansson his silver medal. Johansson was briefly profes­ Norfolk overnight. tries were well served for
tions of the scores, and realized that the published result was
sional world heavyweight champion in 1959-60.
wrong and that Haugen should have been placed 3rd, not The Oceania National a very small cost. It is
Haug. In a ceremony in Oslo in 1974, Haugen was given a 8. Six. In the 1912 pole vault, there were two silver medals
Olympic Committees hoped that a similar pro­
bronze medal by Haug's daughter. given. But based on the rules at the time, the next placed Administrative Centre of the South Pacific Mini Games.
athletes, of which there were three tied for that place, were (ONOC) provided support gramme will be run in
In the 1912 middleweight B Greco-Roman event (often called
also given bronze medals. Thus, the event had one gold to the Organising Com­ Manchester if the Com­
Light-Heavyweight), Anders Ahlgren (Sweden) and Ivar
Boiing (Finland) wrestled for over 10 hours in the final, with no medallist, two silver medallists, and three bronze medallists.
There have been seven instances in Olympic history in which mittee by providing a Games were given to their voice piece could be monwealth Games Fed­
decision awarded - the match was declared a draw. The
five medals were awarded in an individual event, when there grant of US$ 25,000 ear­ each competing country downloaded and played eration (OGF) member
rules stated that the gold medal went to the winner of the
final, so no gold medal was awarded and they were declared was a three-way tie for third - five in gymnastics, and once
each in the men's high jump and pole vault. lier in the year and during prior to the closing cere­ back in the various coun­ countries are interested
joint silver medallists.
the Games set up a Med­ mony. ONOC took a tries. ONOC assigned a in ONOC doing so.
At the Games of the IV Olympiad in London in 1908, the 9. This was the most controversial finish in Olympic swimming
cycling 1,000 metre match sprint final, there were four com­ history. Devitt was given times of 55.2 by all three official ical Clinic (funded through computer specialist from
petitors - Maurice Schilles (France), and three British riders, timers. The three official timers gave Larson times of 55.0,
55.1, and 55.1. But Devitt was judged to have finished first
a grant from the ONOO Fiji who helped manage
Victor Johnson, Clarence Kingsbury, and Benjamin Jones.
But the riders rode very slowly and strategically and were and awarded the gold medal. Larson's time was changed to Medical Commission), an the results centre and
deemed to have exceeded the time limit for the race. The
race was finished, but was declared void, and no medals
55.2.
administrative centre and each morning ran a com­ Armenia
10. In 1936, Shuhei Nishida and Sueo Oe of Japan tied for 2nd
were awarded. a media centre. The puter training course for
place in the pole vault. After a jump-off, Nishida was placed
second and Oe third. But the two had their medals split in administrative centre was the SDOs. All media rep­ Armenian NOC president children who participated in
Originally the gold medal in this event went to Kristen Babb-
Sprague (United States of America) with Sylvie Fréchette two and then welded together, producing the only known Ishkhan Zakaryan awarded the international children's
responsible for coordinat­ resentatives could send
(Canada) second. But the Brazilian judge admitted to a scor­ instances of half-silver/half-bronze Olympic medals. prizes and diplomas to the 24 drawing competition in 2000.
ing error. She entered an 8.7 on her computer scoreboard, ing the daily chef de mis­ their stories home by e-
11. It was the Soviet guard, Ivan Yedeshko.
rather than the 9.7 she wished to record. The error was not sion meeting and also mail, thanks to the pro­
provided secretarial sup­ vided computers. A
port for all of the techni­ portable recording studio
News Flash cal meetings held by allowed Islands radio sta­

vides consulting services for investments the fifth generation of the programme, regional sports federa­ tions as well as Radio
John Hancock, a worldwide partner
since 1994, recently renewed the spon­ in the United States (mutual investment known as TOP V, thereby providing tions. Sports Develop­ Australia to pre-record
sorship programme which links it to the funds, brokerage and other related activ­ direct support to the XIX Olympic Winter ment Officers (SDOs) their commentaries which
Olympic Movement. The current spon­ ities). John Hancock is the fifth world­ Games in Salt Lake City in 2002 and the
from Palau, Vanuatu, the could then be down­
sorship agreement runs until the Games wide sponsor to agree to support the Games of the XXVIII Olympiad in Athens
of the XXVIII Olympiad in Athens in 2004. Olympic Movement until the Games of in 2004, Federated States of loaded to the host station
By renewing its contract, the insurance the XXIX Olympiad in Beijing in 2008. Moreover, Ticketmaster, the world's Micronesia and the Cook whenever they called our
company joins the TOP sponsors for the The insurance company thus joins TOP leading ticketing and access company,
Islands were also present "Studio". The Norfolk
Olympic Games in Turin in 2006 (Winter partners Coca-Cola, Kodak and has been named as the Official Ticket
Systems Sponsor for the forthcoming to staff the centre as well Island Tourist Bureau and
Games) and in Beijing in 2008 (Games of Schlumberger Sema, as well as the IOC
the Olympiad), and continues to sponsor supplier Swatch. The TOP programme is Games in Athens and will provide as to provide a results Telecom provided a free
the 199 NOGs and their delegations. the worldwide sponsorship programme turnkey ticketing solutions for the Games service for the Organising IDD line which allowed
John Hancock is the exclusive World­ created and managed by the IOC. For of the Olympiad in 2004. Tickets for the
Committee. The com­ the media to call their
wide Olympic Partner in the "life Insur­ the current four-year period (2001- Games in Athens will go on sale in the
2004), ten companies are participating in second quarter of 2003, plete results of the NOC's station so that
ance" category. The company also pro-

64 65

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library


Since 1999, the NOC's
sport for all and medical
commissions have been
setting up a programme of
physical activity aimed at
older people. In December
2001, the first Health Festi­
val was held, the main pur­
pose being to raise aware­
ness among the elderly of
the importance of physical
activity, exercise and sport
to their health. Organised
at the NOC headquarters
in Guayaquil, this event,
held under IOC patronage,
brought together some
300 participants for a pro­
gramme of therapeutic
exercises, aerobics, yoga,
short walks, weight train­
ing, tai chi, and cycling on
exercise bikes. Each par-
The celebrations marking
the 50th anniversary of
Olympic recognition of the
Israeli Olympic Committee
were officially launched by
the Head of State, Moshe
Katzav, at an evening held
In the presidential residence
in Jerusalem at the begin­
ning of the year. On this
occasion, the Head of State
and the Minister for Sci­
ence, Culture and Sport,
Matan Vllnai, presented tro­
phies and diplomas to
Olympic medallists and the
presidents, honorary secre­
taries and chefs de mission
who have served within the
NOC during the first 50
News Flash
Ecuador
ticlpant was given a med­
ical which included blood
pressure and blood sugar
level tests, an electrocar­
diogram, and height and
weight measurements.
Talks on osteoporosis, diet
and hydration were given.
Exercise session at the first Health Festival.
Israel
years of Its existence. This
jubilee year of the NOC,
whose current president is
Zvi Varshavlak, will include
a range of events intended
Some of the recipients of the NOC Jubilee trophy. (Seated, first row, from I.
to r.) Matan Vilnai, Moshe Katzav, Gila Katzav and Zvi Varshavlak.
66
Also in Guayaquil, a semi­
nar on "physical activity for
the elderly, the Olympic
Movement for all"
attracted physical educa­
tion teachers and doctors
from 12 provinces of the
country.
to promote the Olympic
spirit and ideal, and tell the
story of all the Israeli
Olympians during the last
five decades.
Kazakhstan
The former president of the
NOC of Kazakhstan, Amancha
S. Akpayev, received the
Olympic Order from IOC mem­
ber Vladimir Smirnov, in recogni­
tion of his contribution to the
promotion of sport and the
Olympic ideal. Organised on the
occasion of the NOC's 10th Gen­
eral Assembly on 12 January in
Almat/, this ceremony was held
in the presence of, among oth­
ers, the Kazakh Vice-Premier,
Imangali Tasmagambetov; the
Deputy Prime Minister, Karim
Massimov; the Chief of the Pres­
ident's Office, Temerkan Dos-
mukhambetov; and numerous
NOC representatives. A Mem­
ber of Parliament for 16 years,
Mr Akpayev was NOC president
from the time it was recognised
in 1993. Having decided to
stand down from the NOC for
health reasons, in his speech of
thanks Mr Akpayev stressed:
"During my career as a sports
leader in Kazai<iistan, I have
worked to improve and develop
the Olympic Movement, and
devoted all my efforts to pre­
serving Olympic solidarity in our
countn/in which there are many
people of different origins, and
where everyone can find a role
at one level of sport or another."
Amancha S. Akpayev (left) and
Vladimir Smirnov
LA TURNHALLE IN LONDON
T
he race, on snow shoes, but
held on grass in 1867 at
London's Crystal Palace, dur­
ing a German Gymnastics Society
Games, must have been the earliest
winter sports competitive event of
the pre-Olympic Festivals before the
modern Olympic Games in 1896.
The Honorary Director of
German Gymnastic Society, Ernst
George Ravenstein was also its
president and, furthermore, one of
the triumverate which spearheaded
the National Olympian Association
(NOA) set up in 1865.
Together with John Hulley
of the Liverpool
Gymnasium and William
Penny Brookes of the
Wenlock Olympian
Society, he had managed
the 1st National Olympian
Games at London's
Crystal Palace in 1866.
The constitution of the
NOA stated that Its cham­
pionships were 'open to
all comers'. Still by 1874,
this aim was reinforced
'open to the world'.
However it was not until
the creation of the IOC by
Pierre de Coubertin in
1894 that such hopes
could become actuality.
Ernst George Ravenstein
was a famous geogra­
pher, cartographer like his
father August Ravenstein.
August was taught by FL.
History
returning to die in Hofheim near
by Don Anthony*
Mainz in 1913 at the age of 78. As a
scholar in geography, he was most
Jahn, the founder of the famous. Awarded an Honorary
Turnvereine movement with its Doctorate by Gottingen University in
Olympian-like philosophy of 'Frei 1908 for a study on Martin Behaim
Frisch Frohlic Fromnn' ('Free, and his globe, he became honoured
Flealthy, Happy, Devout'). August's for his theories on immigration pat­
the eldest son, Ernst George emigrated terns, exploration, especially Africa,
to London at the age of 18 to study
and climatology. Ravenstein wrote
cartography after education at profusely in German and English.
Frankfurt's Gymnasium and at the In sport, he was equally productive.
Stadlischer Kunstinstitut. He married The first President of the Turnhalle in
in England and stayed 60 years. London in 1862, he was also its
Honorary Director for
seven years. He intro­
duced gymnastics classes
for ladles, light years
m' before It was respectable
'iii to do so in Victorian soci­
ety. In the Turnhalle,
British national governing
bodies for wrestling, gym­
nastics, weightllfting,
fencing and swimming
took shape. The German
Gymnastics Society was a
founder body of the
Amateur Athletic
Association and that, in
turn, a founder of the
British Olympic
Association. The German
Gymnastics Society had a
major part in the Games
of the IV Olympiad In
London In 1908. The
Turnhalle is an historic
listed building next door to
Ernst George Ravenstein (1837-1913). both Kings Cross Station
67
Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library
 History News Flash
Korea
and the British Library. Lovers of
At the Korean Olympic Cho was the first Korean
legaoy will be delighted to know that
Medallists' Night held in woman to win a silver
the Turnhalle will be kept as an inte­
Seoul in January, IOC mem­ medal at the 25th table ten­
gral part of the new Terminus for the
ber and NOC president Un nis world championships in
Euro Rail project at Kings Cross
Yong Kim presented the Dortmund (Germany) in
London due to be completed by
Olympic Order to Kyung-Ja 1959. Deputy chef de mis­
2006. Although the exact usage of
Cho, vice-president of the sion at the Games of the
the building has yet to be decided, Korean Sports Council, in XXVII Olympiad in Sydney,
the engineers are, happily, aware of the presence of more than Kyung-Ja Cho is currently
the old maxim that 'those who are a thousand sports and president of the Women's
blind to the past run blindly into the political personalities, Sports Association and a
future'. including Prime Minister member of the NOC Stand­
Han-Dong Lee. Kyung-Ja ing Committee. Kyung-Ja Cho (left) with Un Yong Kim.
*Member of the Bureau of the Pierre
de Coubertin International
Committee and of the IOC Pierre de
Coubertin Commission. Snow shoe race at London's Crystal Palace In 1867.
Georgia Ukraine

Olympic champions the Georgian Parliament. three European titles and On the occasion of the NOC

Sport Sciences Roman Rurua and Levan

The IOC Medical
Commission has awarded
to the Swedish professor,
Bengt Saltin, the fourth
IOC 2002 Olympic Prize
for Sport Sciences
endowed by Pfizer Inc. -
the highest distinction
awarded in the field of
movement, exercise and
sport sciences, thus pay­
ing homage to scientific
research linked to move­
ment as well as physical
and sporting activity
which has an significant
impact on science and/or
society.
Saltin's research explores
the need "to exercise or
not" in order to prevent or
cure illnesses. It was in Salt
Lake City last February that
Bengt Saltin received his
prize (in the form of a
cheque for US$ 500,000, a
certificate of excellence and
an Olympic medal).
Besides the Olympic Prize
on Sport Sciences, Pfizer
IOC President Jacques Rogge, Bengt Saltin and Randall E. Kaye.
endows three other IOC
Medical Commission pro­
grammes: the IOC World
Congress on Sport
Tediashvili were awarded
As for Levan Tediashvili, he
became Olympic cham­
seven national titles from
the former USSR, is the
of Ukraine's 13th General
Assembly, Sergey Bubka,
the Olympic Order by pion in Freestyle wrestling only wrestler to have won IOC Executive Board mem­
Sciences, Olympic Research Georgian NOC president (up to 82kg) at the Games championship title in three ber, awarded the Olympic
on Sport Sciences and the Jansug Bagrationi and of the XX Olympiad in different categories; Order on behalf of the IOC
IOC Olympic Academy on honorary president Nona Munich in 1972, as well as Olympic and world cham­ President to Volodymyr
Sport Sciences.
Gaprindashvili during a in Montreal four years later pion in 82kg and 90kg and Platonov, first vice-president
ceremony which was (up to 90kg). Tediashvili, European champion in of the NOC.
widely covered by the holder of four world titles. 100kg.
national media. Olympic
silver medallist in Greco-
Roman wrestling (up to 63
kg) at the Games of the
XVIII Olympiad in Tokyo in
1964, Roman Rurua won
the Olympic title at the fol­
lowing Games in Mexico
City. Four times world
champion and six times
champion of the former
USSR, he was trainer of
the national team as well
as president of the Geor­
gian wrestling federation.
Rurua is currently an NOC
Volodymyr Platonov making his
member and member of Levan Tediashvili (left) and Roman Rurua. acceptance speech.

69

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library

 News FIssh
THE UNITED NATIONS
HAS PICKED A Spain Switzerland

GROUP OF PEOPLE The 34th Session of the Span­

ish Olympic Academy was
were three speeches on this:
Pierre de Coubertin and
Danièle Petoud Leuba,
who works in the Interna­
2002/2003.
Petoud Leuba
Danièle
was

TO ELIMINATE
held at the University of
Oviedo from 26 February to 2
March. The 14 national and
international speakers dealt
Oiympism, Pierre de Cou­ tional Olympic Commit­ elected as a local council­
bertin and education and tee's Finance Department, lor in 1994, before
Pierre de Coubertin and young has just been elected as becoming the First Lady
peopie. At the same time,

WORLD POVERTY.
with different aspects of the
Olympic phenomenon,
notably a study on Pierre de
Coubertin and his work. There
President of the Local of Ecublens this year.
there was an iconographie
Council of Ecublens, situ­
exhibition about his life and the
ated in the Lausanne
Olympic Games as well as an
region (Switzerland). A
Olympic philately exhibition,
graduate of the Canton of

YOU'RE 0^^E OF THEM.

It kills a child every "Me" we hear you say.
Vaud Business
and mother of two boys,
Guillaume and Quentin,
she began her volunteer
School

3 seconds. It directly "Little old me?"

Absolutely. activities in Ecublens as

affects 1.2 billion

people across the globe. The United Nations has President of the volleyball
25 million more people proclaimed the 'UN Decade club, whose men's A team
for the Eradication of
every year join its vic­
will play in the A League
tims. No, it's not war. It's Poverty, 1997 - 2006'. And

you are fundamental to its

of the Swiss Champi­
not natural disasters.
The president of the academy, Conrado Dûrantez (right). onship for the season Danièie Petoud Leuba.
It's not the result of an success. Whether as an

economic downturn. This individual or as a company,

a municipality, an associa­
During a ceremony organised of the Spanish Olympic Com­
frighteningly powerful
tion, an institution, or a
at the "Dr Melcior Golet mittee; Enric Piquet i Miquel,
phenomenon is extreme

poverty. And it entraps government. Museum and Sports Centre" in president of the Catalan Bas­
one fifth of the world's
Barcelona, presided over by ketball Federation; and Andrés Germany
population making it It may surprise you to IOC Honorary President Juan Merce Vareia, Olympic journal­
almost impossible for them to utilise their talents, to fulfil their know that you, and your organisation, have the skills and the Antonio Samaranch and Cata­ ist and president of the
potential. means to help. lan Secretary for Culture Jordi Barcelona Panathlon Club. Fur­
Vilajoana, several personalities thermore, Juan Antonio Sama­
But think about it? Business applies energy and acumen to bring
This waste is no longer justifiable. A United from the Catalan city received ranch awarded the Olympic
television to the remotest parts of the world, make branded
Nations Development Programme analysis has revealed that the Olympic Order. Those Order to Santiago Nolla Zayas,
for the first time ever, the world possesses the wealth, food stuffs, soft drinks and sneakers available every where, make
receiving the award were Juan chairman of the newspaper "El
telephone links that span the entire globe. If we re-apply that energy
the technology and the know-how to change this situation.
Palau i Francâs, president of Mundo Deportivo" (Sports
and acumen problems of extreme poverty will be resolved forever.
the Spanish Federation for the World) on the occasion of the
Millions of people, denied the education and the means
You will have restored the basic values of equity and human dig­ Physically Disabled; Pau Pérez i "Gala for the Spanish Sports
to have useful fulfilled lives, can now face a different
nity to over 1.2 billion people, offering them a healthy de Pedro, former vice-president Person of the Year, 2001".
prospect. One which allows them to be energetic, creative,
fulfilled existence. A life without humiliating and patronising
even prosperous members of the human race.
handouts. Moreover, 1.2 billion people will be earning and spend­

ing and creating jobs all over the world in the process.
And exactly how will this happen?
That in turn will make the world a safer place, rid of the insecurity
Well, what is required is a new commitment. A combination of indi­
and anger that breeds in poverty.
vidual resource, co-operation at all levels of society, a

real determination at all levels of government to put this at

Together, we will put an end to poverty. To find out how you can
the top of the agenda. Most importantly, it will
help, connect to : www.TeamsToEndPoverty.org. Many of the world's
involve the mobilisation, perhaps for the first time in this area,
individuals and businessmen and women are already committed to
of the skills and the drive of the businessworld.
making a difference. UN Secretary General Kofi Annan would like

you to be too.
ICC President Jacques champion Birgit Fisher at
So, whose name should go against the word: ACTION?
Rogge (right) with IOC the German Olympic
coirCtp
The United Nations, in it's wisdom, has concluded that
' PROGRAMME (from !. to r) Enric Piquet i Miquei, Pau Pérez i de Pedro, Jordi Vilajoana, member Walther Trôger Institute in Berlin in Janu­
you, along with many others like you, are capable of ending
Juan Antonio Samaranch, Juan Palau i Francâs and Andrés Merce Vareia. ary.
extreme poverty over the next ten years. Everyone will be richer without poverty. and Olympic canoeing
UNDP, Palais des Nations, CH-1211, Geneva 10, Switzerland.

71

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library

 Book Review Book Review
Introduction to Sports
Physical Education and Sport Tabarly Sociology Sport Ethnography
by Claude Piard, published A method for training and by Benoît Heimermann,
CLAUDE I'lARD
by Editions L'Harmattan, teaching, this manual firstly published by Editions Gras­
by Dominique Bodin and practices represent in our by Robert R. Sands, pub­ others areas such as
provides a general history of ÉDUCATION PHYSIQUE set, 61 rue des Saints-
"Space and Time of Sport" Stéphane Héas, published society?", "What is sports lished by Human Kinetics triathlon or professional
ET SPORT Pères, 75006 Paris
Collections, 5-7 rue de education since Ancient by Editions Chiron, 25 rue culture?", "Sport, place of Publishers, P.O. Box 5076, wrestling, bodybuilding or

L'Ecole-Polytechnique,
75005 Paris (France). 2001.
123 pages in French.
This work is a collection of
the author's lectures for first
and second year university
students and thus creates
the first real elementary
manual of sports history and
physical education.
Volunteer Tourism - Experiences that make a difference
by S. Wearing, published
by CABI Publishing,
Wallingford, Oxon OX10
8DE (Great Britain). 2001.
205 pages in English.
Greece. It then covers the
main trends of physical edu­
cation placed within their
socio-historic context as
well as the institutional
development of physical
education in the French sys­
tem. It ends by dealing with
the two concepts of gym­
nastics and sport.
as a means of best prac­
tice in tourism. The book
focuses on the potential
positive social and environ­
mental benefits of volun­
•I
(France). 2002. 367 pages
in French. Price:
Euros.
The author,
Equipe Magazine reporter
for 12 years, recounts the
events of a life, listing fail­
Petit manuel d'histoire élémentaire
ures and miracles. Heimer­
mann brings to life,
throughout the book, a fig­
I Espai;es « Temps du Sport
ure that is pure, heroic and
loves sport, but without for­
getting the dark side that
even a Tabarly had.
lp|P Volunteer
X Tourism
EXPERIENCES
Monge, 75005 Paris
20.90
(France). 2002. 252 pages in
French.
a leading
Sport is extremely important
in today's society. With this
work, the authors, both
sociologists, encourage
readers to look at sport with
a critical eye, providing them
with references that allow
them to deepen their knowl­
edge. Amongst the many
questions dealt with are
"Should sport or physical
sports activities be
defined?", "What do sports
The ITF Year 2001
meeting or exclusion?", Champaign, Illinois 61825- weightlifting.
"Where is sport going?", etc.
5076 (United States of
America). 2002. 171 pages
in English. Price : US$ 21.
This book is a complete
introduction and resource in
the emerging discipline of
sport ethnography. It pro­
vides you not only with
methodological case stud­
ies to illustrate field tech­
niques in specific sport situ­
ations, but also with
multiple life experiences in
Physical Education in France

This book provides an teer tourism, and the pre­

overview of the phenome­
non of volunteer tourism,
its sources and its develop­
ment as a concept. The
experiences presented by
the author could be used
Sports and Violence
edited by Dominique Bodin,
published by Editions Chi­
ron, 25 rue Monge, 75005
Paris (France). 2002. 208
requisites for a successful
experience. It addresses
mostly to researchers in
tourism, recreation and
leisure studies, geography
and planning.
collective work studies the
many close relationships
between sports and physi­
cal, moral and symbolic vio­
THAT MAKE A
DIFFERENCE
edited by Joanne Sirman,
S. WEARING
published by the Interna­
i;^BARLY tional Tennis Federation,
Bank Lane, Roehampton,
London SW15 5XZ (Great
Britain). 2002. 327 pages in
English. Price: £10.00.
This book replaces "World of
Tennis" as the official ITF
annual book. All the 2001
tournaments are recorded:
ogy, educational sciences, Grand Slams, Davis Cup,
sociology psychology, etc.) Federation Cup, men's and
Sports
through different subjects et violences women's professional cir­
(the place of women in sport, Sow U dfv^ction 0(Ml»èQU£ aOCHN
CEORCeS VtCMELLO cuits, junior circuit, wheel­
InCMBtoMO «>conmiguc «OOM.UNTVCVi
past winners, biographies of
the greatest players and the
ITF world champions are
also included.
the ITF year 2001
since 1945
edited by Luc Robène, Edi­
tions Chiron, 25 rue Monge,
75005 Paris (France). 2002.
176 pages in French. Price:
15 Euros.
This collective work provides
a methodological approach,
as well as 11 analysed and
corrected subjects from the
CAPEPS test (a certificate of
professional aptitude
physical and sports educa­
tion). The book offers "the
means to acquire the funda­
mental mechanisms needed
to pass this test and, with­
subjects covered are "Phys­
ical and sports education
and education", "Sports and
knowledge", "Physical and
sports education and cul­
ture" and "Individualism and
institution".
in
Léducation f^^ique
en France
depuis 1945

sport in the city hooliganism,

pages. Price: 6.14 Euros.
Published as part of the
"Sports Studies" series, this
lence. This analysis has been
carried out "from an interdis­
ciplinary view (history, ethnol­
COIXOt«CA8MNO. (MC DEBAMUfUX.
OUKT. $TrPKANt hCA& [t HOLHAli U. HOUUMNb
OOMO IE euroN. sruno n>m. qimik rasqe.
LUC ROttNE. ANNESMXAW. OOHMQUCTWXUCT.
juvenile delinquency, male
violence, etc.).
out a doubt, the candi­
chair circuit and veteran's I Sujets corrigés du
dates/readers will discover
circuit. Rolls of honours of
within it the areas of study
which are essential for their
preparation". Amongst the

72 73

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library

 Obituaries
9$^ States speed skating creat^J The Jad<
Alfredo Goyeneche Spanish Olympic Committee in 1998,
after being a member (1981-1987) and Shea Award, whidi symbolism ctedica-

O
.» I I - m m ' a :m : ' M; ^ m
••m : m] I m - m': /\ : m] IJ :m then first vice-president (1987-1998). The tton to Olympic excëlence, citizenship
- i - | i .• l \ I J - ; same year, 1998, he became president of and the bettwnaTt of manWr»d through
Ci. «3 jm\\m\ _ _
the Olympic Sports Association. ^Dort. TTie first rœipient was Jad< Shœ.
Recipient of the Olympic Order and also TTie seccfid recipient was Eric Heidwi.
O L Y M P I C T E L E V I S I O N
the bronze medal of the International Shea stayed involved in the Olympic
A R C H I V E B U R E A U Equestrian Federation, Alfredo Movement throughout his life. Late
Goyeneche became an IOC 2000 Decemba; he participated in the Q^pc
Commission member in 1999, and was Torch Relay, carrying the torch into the
elected as an IOC member, in his capac­ Olympic Speed Skating in Id®
ity as an NOC president, at the 111th IOC Placid - the very same veiue where hie
Session in Sydney in September 2000. had won hte two gcAlmedës - and ft ttie
cauldron. "My grandfather used to dimm
Alfredo Goyeneche, IOC member and Jack Shea about me competing in the Olympics.
president of the Spanish Olympic The America's oldest living Olympic When I qualiffed for the Gamas, he wM
Committee, died, tragically, on 16 March Winter gold medallist, Jack Shea, died not have bœn more prxxtd. It was one of
in Spain. Born in 1938 in San Sebastian, on 22 January in Lake Placid, New York, our best moments, one that 1 wM ah^a^
Goyeneche competed in equestrian at the age of 91. Jack Shea won two remember. He krwm 5e(fer than most the
events at both national and international gold medals in speed skating (500 and Importance of the Games. He won iwo
level. He was bronze medallist in the 1,500 m) at the III Olympic Winter gold medals during the Deprosdon. My
European Junior Championships in 1956, Games, held in his native Lake Placid in grandfather always fdt it was not
The world's most important archive library and participated in the Games of the XVII
Olympiad in Rome in 1960. He was also
1932, he was also chosen to read the
Olympic oath. Shea's son Jim Shea, Sr.,
won the gold; it was tnjiy about bmging
the world together in a peaceful setting. I
Spanish champion in individual show competed in the nordic combined and plan on dedicating this ymfs Games to
of sporting history jumping in 1968, and polo in 1976. cross country skiing at the 1964 Olympic my grandfather. I will carry Ms card in my
Goyeneche was president of the Madrid Winter Games in Innsbruck. His grand­ helmet during competition. Regardless of
Equestrian Federation from 1976 to 1981 son, Jim Shea, Jr., became Olympic the outcome, I know I wM have mjc-
and then became president of the skeleton champion in Salt Lake Crty. The ceeded simply by achieving my grandfa­
Spanish Equestrian Federation from 1981 threesome formed the first three-genera­ ther's dream of competing in tfie
to 1987. He was elected president of the tion Olympic family. In 2000, United Olympics." {Jim Jr.).

B o o k R e v i e w

www.otah.com
International Olympic Academy - Report on the
CMP
lOA's Special Sessions and Seminars 1999 INTERNATIONAL
OLYMPIC
published and edited by the report presents the work of International Session for ACADEMY
International Olympic the four sessions of the Directors of National Olympic
Academy, 52 avenue Academy that took place in Academies, the 4th Joint
Dimitriou Vikelas, 15233 Olympia during 1999. There International Session for
Halandri, Athens (Greece). is thus a list of all participants Educators and Officials of
2000. 855 pages in English. and the main lectures given Higher Institutes of Physical
Olympic Television Archive Bureau, Compiled under the supervi- during the 7th International Education and the 10th
sion of Konstantinos Postgraduate Seminar on International Seminar for
Axis Centre, Burlington Lane, London W4 2TH Georgiadis, lOA Dean, this Olympic Studies, the 5th Sports Journalists.
A.NCIt:NT OLVMPIA

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 CELEBRATE HUMANITY.

Every two years the world comes together for an

extraordinary event called the Olympic Games. This
celebration of more than 200 countries provides an
opportunity to honour and to learn from one another.
The moments we witness are priceless. Like the time
the sweet smile of a 17-year-old Russian girl named
Olga taught us that our differences weren't as great
as they seemed. Or when a father and his injured son
finished a race together and defined determination.
These moments belong to us all and are made possible,
in part, with the help of our Worldwide Corporate
Partners. Not only do these companies understand
the importance of the Olympic Movement, but they
have provided food, shelter, training facilities and more
to the world's athletes. We thank them for their dedication
and ask the world to return the favour by supporting
the companies that advance the spirit of the Olympics.

Kodak Panasonic SdiMepgerSema iSS&TIME MISA XEROX

©2001 I.O.C. All rights reserved. www.olympics.com

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