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    10 views5 pages

    Atomic Structure

    Uploaded by

    Om Communication Satationery
    for HA students

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 5
    | Pagenorst ATOMIC STRUCTURE +Electron F Beciren: An electron ts negahively charged sub-atomie partide deneted by ea. Discovered by 3.T> Thomeon C199) crege: ~1-602 x10 eoutombe Mase: 81% 106m 9 : rot IP Bes Vigagt of mass of hydengen. + Proton: 4 . - sreten: cy Ke pre! Vs positively charged sub-atomic Particle denoted Da the Decovered by €. Goldstein char 4 445602 x10 > coulomb. asst t. ot : 692 KIS ame. ce. nearly equal to macs of hysrogen oto. A neutson ts chargeless sub-atomic partcledencted by Ame symled n- Discovered by games Chadwick Grorge: No Charge macs: L695 X10° Tamms, “Atomic number: the no. of protone present Th the nucleus fe called atvenic numbe@). “mn . 4S) atomic Number(z) = No.of protons p = no. of electonr Tn the neutw elec) of samme element having same + Lsotopes: Tsotopes are different atoms atomic number but different atomfe waccesdue to different number of neutsons. - Psobars: Atoms of at fferent elements having same atomic mass but Affferent atomic ele am Numbers one tober’: at Rutherford Atomic Model: + Model put forvsard by Ernest’ Rutherford 1n 944. oA thin sheet sheets of gold foil (0.0004crm tHtuenes) was bombarded wlth a-parteles, oblined from a rodioathive substante. The sca\terede—parhiles were observed on the surface Of a xadieative clreular zine sulphide a¢ theyproduce Tiny Flashes when they strtke the surfaces Pollowtng Observations were rade: a> Most of the o- particles passed straight throuptthe ge foi) undetected. arhicles deflected Hreough Smal) les. ed or even bourcedbeck. (4 of 1,00,600) © Some of the A= P > Pow of the o- parlcles were reflect \ esate ] a | cx porte sae siihcnl bole pity ey Rutherford's et-parHele seatiatin experiment at Conclusions; 2D Mast of the -parhicles passed through'the gold fit undeflecied ahtch Indicakes matt of Hae Space inside he atom f emp * geld fol andefed eoeeene! ® Some of the par eles dol fi : Hs g Hrroiiph Sea te due toprecente of heav ro gs eft ors der ag ® The strong deflechonar ever bounctn back of o- particles from the gold fotd ts due ty Close enddinter ef a-parhicles astth dive posit charged mece one io the atom. te Postulates: > The atom ts made up of a posittvel, charged ruclene whieh fe verysmal) tn sire but corries almost whole mass af the Stoo. a 2D Mast part of the ator fs vor or empty. 3) the nucleus M' surrounded by negatively charged electrons wstutch balance tne posibive chame on te nuelees. 1 aly Hag Pp & The magnitute of the positive change on the nuclees tno of protons) te Aifferent for different atoms. > the electnsaht free of atiothon behseen elector Lthe nucleue ts balanced by the centrifugal forte acting on the revolving elechrone. tt Drawbacks of Ratheford £Momte Model: Ye roleting charged bedy I?ke electson ding +o the cleckomaynebic theory by Maxell, a rotating charg: + Ue Ubi: corbnuwcdy dato uaea ine cleciron loner onerpy Lal! fssare nucleus llowleg spirolpath £ ulbiuately should fall inte nucleus tolla.sping the atom Bul, atom fespble £4thic doctnot happen. kutherford's raeld mode| faile to explain tne stability of fom . a 34% algo unable to explain the oniyin of tonkinuous line specls of hydrogen atom when Hydeagen atom te subjected ty hish volhage. wedge” Page no.3 7 | # Bohr's Model af He Abom: Postulater: 1. Electrons revolve around the nucle In concentete elreular distance from the nudeue sito Aéfinite velouty. orbits sttualedat fixed 4 ts loog a electrons remale tn a partiulor orbtt, tt neither emt te Cte. Ines) nor akeoris ener Gre geine energy). £4 mean the ene ofrevalwing electon rematns constant L hene thae orb? t are alco called abonary energy levelt preneryas level ore energay shells, Different energy levele are represented tan £212,3,4.... oF KLM NL, The energy associated asfHy celtain energy lenel Increase, “Sih, intrease in Adibenee from the nudes. i.e EASE,CE, LE go. here EE, £egehe. meg Gee G LN Helle cep Fespechiely. Fig Energy Levels arourd the nucleus in wr of pholon & when Ft Sener ct ate atone fe te an meet sefernis o enly atanar ba dike cry lh , -E, > he BE = hy ishere, E> higher cnerpiy Level energy 12 lower 4, "energy 2s photon of energy he planes tonetant P= frequency of radiation 4-The appislar momentum ef an electron orbibieg around the nucleus te trbager multiple ot hr fave = pb where, m= mace of electron Ve Velocity of elect of orbit. rehaa. h = Planck's eonchant No. ¢ Hydrogen Spec 0 Jen attorn ab leo Hydrogen Speci grahagekrhe tenketn Seth i pe face aeape ‘pon b 1ohoalome, These atorns bree absorb e 2th ee pee velop. hydragen alem gels ex crbed to move /n hipper pie levele 2,3, #)5---- 4e endl upon the energy absorbed by the alomeot 1 excited elechon oe hfjher energy te aoays tn tendeny fe tome back to ton energy level or Lif ene! leve} (ground hate). Bl! the time of returning elechwn 9 tin lower lavels, tt emt energy tn the form of radfahion of “pecific wavelength , spectral lines of dtffereot serie canbe observed: D Lyman Series: The various spectrol linet of series are objatned wshen the elechon rebum. fo the ground slate jena from h : wher energy levely (n=2,3, ¢..~ he In WW region rth wave kegth G2 1216 4. 7 ae & Balmer Meret: The various “pectrol lines of this ceries are obleained thar an electon Sap foe 07 3,4,5...00 bo nox, the tere ke called Bolmerberiel. Th Wes Po ViePble region with wavelength 3646-6562 4. itty Paschen Serfes The various spectral lines af thi ceries oblatnedwhen an eleclron Jomps from 9 24,6,6...00 123, the series te called Paschen Seriet Tt Wes 10 Infrared region win wavelength 9500-Le7 No exphnation Zeeman héSlark effects! The

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