INGLÊS - Ciências Humanas, Ciências Sociais Aplicadas, Linguística, Letras e Artes – EDITAL 01/2019 –ABR

TEXTO 1

“MEDICARE FOR ALL”

There’s a good deal of talk in Congress about “Medicare for All,” so I went to a country where
such a system is in place and works reasonably well — Cuba. A Cuban family doesn’t enjoy free
speech or a meaningful vote, and the economy is dysfunctional, but that couple’s child is by
official statistics more likely to survive than a child born in the United States.

Indeed, infant mortality rates are almost 50 percent higher in the U.S. than in Cuba. There’s
some argument about whether the Cuban rate is manipulated, but it’s broadly accepted that in
health care Cuba does pretty well — because it gets the basics right. It’s low tech and plagued by
shortages, so it falters at cancer and heart disease, but it’s good at making sure every child gets
vaccinated and that every pregnant woman is carefully monitored. There’s a tremendous
emphasis on accessibility and public health, with grassroots clinics called consultorios; a doctor
lives upstairs and is always on call.

I don’t want to romanticize the Cuban system, which suffers from corruption and inefficiency.
But I think it’s only fair for the U.S. to learn from another system how much difference
universal access makes. When people don’t slip through cracks, that matters enormously to
the health of the overall population.

Meanwhile, a new government report says that the Trump administration may have separated
thousands more children from parents at the border than previously known. But record keeping
is so poor that the total number is “unknown,” the report said. And this from the people who
kept talking sanctimoniously about the importance of family!

My last column was about the brave protesters in Sudan and the failure of President Trump and
Secretary Pompeo to call for restraint as the Sudanese government murders them. On Thursday,
according to multiple reports from the scene, Dr. Babiker Abdehameed was treating injured
protesters in a house when the authorities teargassed it. Dr. Babiker walked out, his hands up,
explained that he was a doctor treating protesters, and asked the group to stop the teargassing.
An armed man said: "So you're the doctor treating those people?" And he shot Dr. Babiker dead.
Please, President Trump and Secretary Pompeo, speak up.

Buzzfeed reports that Michael Cohen told investigators that President Trump told him to lie to
Congress. If so, that sounds like suborning perjury. As the government shutdown drags on, as
President Trump refuses to allow Nancy Pelosi to take a military plane to Afghanistan, we have
become the laughingstock of the world. Well, the world minus Britain, which in its Brexit
mess is in no position to laugh at anyone.

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Trump often accused polls and statistics of being rigged. Now it turns out that he and Michael
Cohen paid to rig two polls early in the campaign season. The episode is a reminder that when
Trump accuses others of some offense, it’s usually because he has engaged in it himself.

Instead of just feuding with Havana, let’s learn from how it delivers health care — and keeps
kids alive, apparently better than we do.

Fonte: Adaptado de: https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/18/opinion/sunday/cuba-healthcare-

medicare.html. Acesso em: 1 Dez. 2018.

TEXTO 2

HOW CHINA IS REWRITING ITS OWN SCRIPT

China’s booming box office and seemingly inexhaustible cash reserves have provided a much-
needed boost to Hollywood as it faces slowing ticket sales in the United States and challenges
from Amazon and Netflix. But Hollywood’s embrace of China has not come without strings
attached.

So when the creators of “Pixels” wanted to show aliens blasting a hole in the Great Wall of China,
Sony executives worried that the scene might prevent the 2015 movie’s release in China, leaked
studio emails show. They blew up the Taj Mahal instead. In the 1960s, Marvel Comics
introduced a mystical guru character known as the Ancient One into its universe. He was
portrayed as an elderly Tibetan man. But in the 2016 movie “Doctor Strange,” the Ancient One is
Celtic, played by the white actress Tilda Swinton. Moviemakers decided to change the
character’s ethnicity early in the process, reportedly to avoid offending the Chinese government.

As recently as two decades ago, major Hollywood movies were sharply critical of China. “Seven
Years in Tibet,” which depicts Chinese soldiers brutalizing Tibetans, was one of the top 100
grossing movies of 1997. Also that year, Disney released Martin Scorsese’s “Kundun” — a
sympathetic portrayal of the Dalai Lama’s early life in Mao-era China and his subsequent exile in
India — despite objections from the Chinese authorities. “You’re not going to see something
that’s like ‘Seven Years in Tibet’ anymore,” said Larry Shinagawa, a professor at Hawaii Tokai
International College who specializes in Asian and Asian-American studies. Studios that make
films critical of China, he said, risk being banned from releasing movies in the country.

At stake for China is more than just the validation of Hollywood’s powerbrokers and celebrities.
In speeches and at forums, President Xi Jinping has repeatedly emphasized the need to “tell
China’s story well” — to make sure a coherent, compelling and, most important, Communist
Party-sanctioned narrative of China’s rise to power reaches global audiences.

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“There is a notion that its propaganda has not worked well enough,” said Orville Schell, the
director of the Center on U.S.-China Relations at the Asia Society. “So this is where the film
industry comes in. There’s a real sensitivity to the blockbuster power of Hollywood.”

Hollywood studios are also eager to grab a slice of China’s fast-growing box office market, which
surpassed the United States’ in total revenue for the first time ever in the first quarter of 2018.
Success in China can make up for a disappointing box office performance at home or even
transform a hit into a global blockbuster. By the same token, getting shut out of the Chinese
market can be devastating for a movie. That’s a powerful incentive to avoid causing any offense
to China.

One of China’s top movie regulators spelled it out in a speech at the U.S.-China Film Summit in
Los Angeles in 2013. “We have a huge market, and we want to share it with you,” said Zhang
Xun, then the president of the state-owned China Film Co-Production Corporation, speaking to a
room full of Hollywood executives. Then came the condition. “We want films that are heavily
invested in Chinese culture, not one or two shots,” she said. “We want to see positive Chinese
images.”

China’s campaign to push a positive image abroad has extended beyond Hollywood. The 2016
film “The Great Wall,” a $150 million China-Hollywood co-production starring Matt Damon, was
China’s highest-profile attempt to make a crossover hit. It was, by most measures,
an international flop. Since then, China has stepped away from the big-budget co-production
model, focusing instead on making features that cater to its large and still-expanding domestic
market. To do that, it has enlisted Hollywood talent — producers, technical experts and even
top celebrities. But they have had to walk a fine line. A number of actors, musicians and other
celebrities have been barred from entering the country over behavior deemed inappropriate or
critical of the Chinese Communist Party.

Perhaps most central to China’s soft power push is CGTN, the international arm of the state
broadcaster CCTV. With employees from more than 70 countries and regions working on
television channels broadcasting in English, Spanish, French, Arabic and Russian,
CGTN’s mission is to report news for global audiences “from a Chinese perspective.” The
difference in the “Chinese perspective” was most evident in CGTN’s coverage this year of an
unexpected proposal to abolish presidential term limits in China’s Constitution. While Western
news media outlets raced to explain why the amendment, which would open the door to
President Xi’s indefinite rule, was unprecedented, CGTN’s anchors were calm — and eerily
synchronized — in their message praising the change.

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It is difficult to tell whether China’s push to soften its image through movies, media and cultural
projects has been successful. “Chinese soft power has not been that successful outside of the
developing world,” said Stanley Rosen, a professor at the University of Southern California who
studies Chinese society and cinema. “If China does have any soft power, it’s probably because of
the success of their economy and the Chinese model that they’re pushing very hard now.”

Fonte: Adaptado de: https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/11/18/world/asia/china-

movies.html?tp=i-H43-A3-EPm-2Ct0aL-1y-24axv-1c-2CsIkN-BU5R. Acesso em: 18 Nov. 2018.

QUESTÕES

As questões de 1 a 5 referem-se ao TEXTO 1:

1) A que conclusão chega o autor no primeiro e último parágrafos sobre a relação Cuba-
EUA?
,

2) Assinale a alternativa INCORRETA:

(A) A frase When people don’t slip through cracks, destacada no 3º parágrafo, tem sentido
figurado.
(B) Sanctimoniously, destacado no 4º parágrafo, tem conotação negativa.
(C) From em learns from e suffers from, destacados no 3º parágrafo, pode ser substituído por
with em ambos os termos, sem prejuízo de significado.
(D) More likely, destacado no 1º parágrafo, denota probabilidade.

3) Por que o autor afirma que o presidente Trump e o secretário Pompeo fracassaram
em controlar os protestos no Sudão?

4) Segundo o artigo, o noticiário e dados estatísticos indicam

(A) um acordo entre Trump e o Brexit.
(B) o posicionamento contrário de Trump aos protestos no Sudão.
(C) que Trump e Michael Cohen fraudaram pesquisas de campanha.
(D) o número exato de famílias imigrantes separadas nas fronteiras americanas.

5) No trecho destacado no 6º parágrafo, o autor *(CORRIGIDO)*

(A) reforça o apoio mundial ao Brexit.
(B) ironiza a situação da Grã-Bretanha.
(C) critica a intervenção militar dos EUA no Afeganistão.
(D) defende a situação política atual da Grã-Bretanha.

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As questões de 6 a 10 referem-se ao TEXTO 2:

6) Analise as informações abaixo e assinale a seguir:

I. As bilheterias chinesas dependem atualmente de Hollywood.
II. Hollywood mantém crítica severa à China por meio de novas produções.
III. Os chineses aprovaram o filme “Kundun”, de Martin Scorsese.
IV. O filme “The Great Wall” foi recorde mundial de bilheteria.

(A) TODAS estão incorretas.

(B) Apenas I e III estão corretas.
(C) Apenas I está correta.
(D) Apenas IV está correta.

7) No artigo, o diretor da Central de Relações EUA-China da Sociedade Asiática

(A) avalia a relação entre o cinema e o soft power chinês.
(B) fala sobre os riscos das produções críticas ao regime político chinês.
(C) reforça a influência de Hollywood sobre a imagem política da China.
(D) reafirma os interesses do mercado chinês em continuar investindo em Hollywood.

8) Quais são os termos e condições do mercado cinematográfico chinês para investir em

novas produções?

9) O que é a CGTN e qual seu papel no atual cenário da imprensa mundial?

10) O futuro da relação Hollywood-China

(A) independe de questões políticas.
(B) será pautado pelos censores chineses.
(C) depende do interesse das celebridades americanas.
(D) manterá o modelo das coproduções de alto custo.

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RASCUNHO