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CISSP Cheat Sheet Domain 4
CISSP Cheat Sheet Domain 4
Port Protocol
OSI Reference Model IP Addresses Port Ranges
20,21 FTP
7 layers, Allow changes between layers, Standard hardware/software interoperability. • Class A: 0.0.0.0 – 127.255.255.255 Authentication methods:
22 SSH Public IPv4
Tip, OSI Mnemonics • Class B: 128.0.0.0 – 191.255.255.255 • PAP=Clear text, unencrypted
23 TELNET address space Point to Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP)
All People Seem To Need Data Processing • Class C: 192.0.0.0 – 223.255.255.255 • CHAP=unencrypted, encrypted
25 SMTP • Class A: 10.0.0.0 – 10.255.255.255 • MS-CHAP=encrypted, encrypted
Please Do Not Throw Sausage Pizza Away Private IPv4
53 DNS • Class B: 172.16.0.0 – 172.31.255.255
Layer Data Security address space Challenge-Handshake Authentication Encrypt username/password and
110 POP3 • Class C: 192.168.0.0 – 192.168.255.255 Protocol (CHAP) re-authenticate periodically. Use in PPP.
Application Data C, I, AU, N
80 HTTP • Class A: 255.0.0.0
Presentation Data C, AU, Encryption Subnet Masks • Class B: 255.255.0.0 Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) Use with IPsec for encryption.
143 IMAP
Session Data N • Class C: 255.255.255.0
389 LDAP Provide authentication and integrity, no
Transport Segment C, AU, I IPv4 32 bit octets Authentication Header (AH)
443 HTTPS confidentiality.
Network Packets C, AU, I IPv6 128 bit hexadecimal
636 Secure LDAP Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) Encrypted IP packets and preserve integrity.
Data link Frames C
Physical Bits C
445 ACTIVE DIRECTORY Network Types Shared security attributes between two
1433 Microsoft SQL Security Associations (SA)
C=Confidentiality, AU=Authentication, I=Integrity, N=Non repudiation Geographic Distance and are is limited to one network entities.
3389 RDP Local Area
building. Usually connect using copper wire or Transport Mode Payload is protected.
Hardware / Network (LAN)
Layer (No) Functions Protocols 137-139 NETBIOS fiber optics
Formats Tunnel Mode IP payload and IP header are protected.
Campus Area Multiple buildings connected over fiber or
Cables, HUB, Attacks in OSI layers Network (CAN) wireless
Internet Key Exchange (IKE) Exchange the encryption keys in AH or ESP.
Electrical signal USB, DSL Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service Password is encrypted but user
Physical (1) Layer Attack Metropolitan
Bits to voltage Repeaters, (RADIUS) authentication with cleartext.
ATM Phishing - Worms - Area Network Metropolitan network span within cities
SNMP v3 Encrypts the passwords.
Application Trojans (MAN)
Frames setup
PPP - PPTP - L2TP - - ARP - Dynamic Ports 49152 - 65535
Error detection and control Wide Area Interconnect LANs over large geographic area
RARP - SNAP - CHAP - LCP - Layer 2 Phishing - Worms -
Data Link Check integrity of packets network (WAN) such as between countries or regions.
MLP - Frame Relay - HDLC - Switch - Presentation Trojans
Layer (2) Destination address, Frames
ISL - MAC - Ethernet - Token bridges Session Session hijack
Intranet A private internal network Remote Access Services
use in MAC to IP address connects external authorized persons access to Telnet Username /Password authentication. No encryption.
Ring - FDDI Transport SYN flood - fraggle Extranet
conversion. intranet Remote login (rlogin) No password protection.
Routing, Layer 3 switching, Layer 3 smurfing flooding -
Network ICMP - BGP - OSPF - RIP - IP - Internet Public network SSH (Secure Shell) Secure telnet
segmentation, logical Switch - Network ICMP spoofing - DOS
layer BOOTP - DHCP - ICMP Terminal Access Controller User credentials are stored in a server known as a
addressing. ATM. Packets. Router Collision - DOS /DDOS Networking Methods & Standards Access-Control System TACACS server. User authentication requests are
TCP - UDP datagrams. Data link - Eavesdropping
Routers - Software Decoupling the network control and the (TACACS) handled by this server.
Reliable end to end data Signal Jamming -
Segment - Connection VPN defined forwarding functions. More advanced version of TACACS. Use two factor
Transport transfer - Physical Wiretapping networking Features -Agility, Central management, TACACS+
oriented concentrato authentication.
Segmentation - sequencing -
rs - Gateway (SDN) Programmatic configuration, Vendor neutrality.
and error checking Hardware Devices Converged
Remote Authentication Dial-In Client/server protocol use to enable AAA services for
TCP - UDP - NSF - SQL - Transfer voice, data, video, images, over single User Service (RADIUS) remote access servers.
Session Data, simplex, half duplex, full Layer 1 device forward protocols for
RADIUS - and RPC - PPTP - Gateways HUB network. Secure and encrypted communication channel
Layer dupl Eg. peer connections. frames via all ports media transfer
PPP between two networks or between a user and a
digital to analog Fibre Channel Virtual private network (VPN)
Modem network. Use NAT for IP address conversion. Secured
Data Gateways conversion over Ethernet Running fiber over Ethernet network.
Presentation with strong encryptions such as L2TP or IPSEC.
compression/decompression TCP - UDP messages JPEG - TIFF - Routers Interconnect networks (FCoE)
layer
and encryption/decryption MID - HTML Multiprotocol
Interconnect networks in
TCP - UDP - FTP - TELNET -
Bridge
Ethernet Label
Transfer data based on the short path labels VPN encryption options
instead of the network IP addresses. No need of
Application TFTP - SMTP - HTTP CDP - Inbound/outbound data Switching • PPP for authentication
Data Gateways Gateways route table lookups.
layer SMB - SNMP - NNTP - SSL - entry points for networks (MPLS) • No support for EAP
HTTP/HTTPS. Internet Small Standard for connecting data storage sites such Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol • Dial in
Frame forward in local
Switch Computer as storage area networks or storage arrays. (PPTP) • Connection setup uses plaintext
network.
TCP/IP Model Interface (ISCI) Location independent. • Data link layer
Share network traffic
Encryption and different protocols at different • Single connection per session
Layers Action Example Protocols load by distributing
Load balancers Multilayer
levels. Disadvantages are hiding coveted channels • Same as PPTP except more secure
Token ring • Frame Relay • FDDI traffic between two Protocols Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP)
Network access Data transfer done at this layer and weak encryptions. • Commonly uses IPsec to secure L2TP packets
• Ethernet • X.25 devices
Voice over • Network layer
Create small data chunks called Hide internal public IP Allows voice signals to be transferred over the
Internet • Multiple connection per session
Internet datagrams to be transferred via IP • RARP • ARP • IGMP • ICMP address from external public Internet connection. Internet Protocol Security (IPsec)
Protocol (VoIP) • Encryption and authentication
network access layer Proxies public internet
Packet switching technology with higher • Confidentiality and integrity
Transport Flow control and integrity TCP • UDP /Connection caching and
Asynchronous
filtering. bandwidth. Uses 53-byte fixed size cells. On
Application
Convert data into readable Telnet • SSH • DNS • HTTP • FTP transfer mode
demand bandwidth allocation. Use fiber optics.
Communication Hardware Devices
format • SNMP • DHCP Use to create VPN or (ATM)
aggregate VPN Popular among ISPs Divides connected devices into one input signal for transmission over
VPNs and VPN Concentrator
TCP 3-way Handshake connections provide PTP connection between Data terminal equipment one output via network.
concentrators
using different internet X25 (DTE) and data circuit-terminating equipment Multiplexer Combines multiple signals into one signal for transmission.
SYN - SYN/ACK - ACK links (DCE) Hubs Retransmit signal received from one port to all ports.
Capture or monitor Use with ISDN interfaces. Faster and use multiple
LAN Topologies Protocol analyzers network traffic in PVCs, provides CIR. Higher performance. Need to
Repeater Amplifies signal strength.
Frame Relay
Topology Pros Cons real-time ad offline have DTE/DCE at each connection point. Perform
WAN Transmission Types
• No redundancy New generation error correction.
Unified threat • Dedicated permanent circuits or communication paths required.
BUS • Simple to setup • Single point of failure vulnerability scanning Synchronous Circuit-switched
management IBM proprietary protocol use with permanent • Stable speed. Delay sensitive.
• Difficult to troubleshoot application Data Link networks
dedicated leased lines. • Mostly used by ISPs for telephony.
Create collision Control (SDLC)
RING • Fault tolerance • No middle point • Fixed size packets are sending between nodes and share
domains. Routers High-level Data
Start • Fault tolerance • Single point of failure VLANs Use DTE/DCE communications. Extended Packet-switched bandwidth.
separate broadcast Link Control
• Redundant protocol for SDLC. networks • Delay sensitive.
Mesh • Fault tolerance domains (HDLC)
• Expensive to setup • Use virtual circuits therefore less expensive.
Intrusion detection and Domain name Map domain names /host names to IP Address
IDS/IPS
prevention. system (DNS) and vice versa.
Types of Digital Subscriber Lines (DSL) Wireless Networking
Asymmetric Digital • Download speed higher than upload
Firewall and Perimeter Leased Lines Wireless personal area network (WPAN) standards
Subscriber Line • Maximum 5500 meters distance via telephone lines. T1 1.544Mbps via telephone line IEEE 802.15 Bluetooth
(ADSL) • Maximum download 8Mbps, upload 800Kbps. Security T3 45Mbps via telephone line IEEE 802.3 Ethernet
Rate Adaptive DSL • Upload speed adjust based on quality of the transmission line
DMZ Secure network between ATM 155Mbps IEEE 802.11 Wi-Fi
(RADSL) • Maximum 7Mbps download, 1Mbps upload over 5500 meters.
(Demilitarized external internet facing and ISDN 64 or 128 Kbps REPLACED BY xDSL IEEE 802.20 LTE
Symmetric Digital • Same rate for upstream and downstream transmission rates.
zone) internal networks. Reserved 1024-49151
Subscriber Line • Distance 6700 meters via copper telephone cables Wi-Fi
(SDSL) • Maximum 2.3Mbps download, 2.3Mbps upload. Bastion Host - Dual-Homed - Three-Legged - BRI B-channel 64 Kbps
Standard Speed Frequency (GHz)
• Higher speeds than standard ADSL Screened Subnet - Proxy Server - PBX - Honey BRI D-channel 16 Kbps
Very-high-bit-rate DSL 802.11a 54 Mbps 2.4
• Maximum 52Mbps download, 16 Mbps upload up to 1200 Pot - IDS/IPS PRI B & D channels 64 Kbps
(VDSL) 802.11b 11 Mbps 5
Meters
802.11g 54 Mbps 2.4
High-bit-rate DSL
(HDSL)
T1 speed for two copper cables for 3650 meters Network Attacks 802.11n 200+ Mbps 2.4/5