Read the paragraph below. Take note of the tunog(sound), kataga(term), at italicized word.

Those
are called morpema. Analyze the form of the underlined morpema.

Masdan ninyo ako. Ibang-iba na, hindi na isang batang patpatin. Salamat sa
aking maunawaing ama at ina. Kung hindi sa kanilang marangal na adhika,
hindi ako marahil narating ang tagumpay na ito.

Isa na akong doktora sa isang kilalang pagamutan sa Maynila. Naging

panuntunan ko ang unahin ang kalagayang pangkalusugan ng mamamayan
at hindi ang salaping ibabayad nila.

Ang tagumpay na ito ang bunga ng pagsisikap ng aking mga magulang. Hindi
ko sila bibiguin lalo pa’t ako lamang ang bunga ng kanilang pagmamahalan.

What do you think is morpema? What do you think are the forms of morpema?

Morpema:

- the smallest meaningful unit in a language. It can be a sound only(like o or u, i or e, or

a or o), a term(kataga) and a word.
- A meaningful morphological unit of a language that cannot be further divided or
analyzed. In other words, morpheme can be described as the minimal units of meaning.
- A morpheme is not identical to a word, and the principal difference between the two is
that a morpheme may or may not stand alone, whereas a word, by the definition, is
freestanding.

A. Tunog na Morpema

a. The sound (a) or (o)

1. Tindera is a female seller because of the sound (a)

Tindero is a male seller because of the sound (o)

2. Basurero – male trash collector

Basurera – female trash collector

3. Maestro – male teacher

Maestra – female teacher
 b. The sound (e) and (i)

1. Mesa – table
Misa – mass

2. Ate – older sister

Ati – local name of aeta

c. The sound (o) and (u)

Oso – bear
Uso – trend of fashion

B. Katagang Morpema:

Kataga in the English language is term. They are usually composed of one or two syllables
only and they don’t have meaning if they are alone. If they are used in the sentence, that’s
the time that they have meaning.

Katagang pang-angkop na –ng, na and –g

Halimbawa:

1. Kilalang pagamutan
2. Marangal na adhika
3. Mamahaling alahas

Ibang halimbawa ng mga kataga(pa, na, lamang/lang, daw/raw, din/rin, tuloy, sana, talaga,
at iba pa)

May pagkain na kami.

May pagkain pa kami.
May pagkain lang kami.
May pagkain din kami.
May pagkain daw kami.
May pagkain sana kami.
May pagkain talaga kami.
C. Panlaping Morpema:
 All the panlapi(affixes and suffixes) have meanings especially when
they’re connected to the rootwords that’s why they are called
morpema.
Halimbawa:
Laro( a root word) – play or game

 Take note, the meaning play or game of laro will be changed if panlapi are connected

Ka+laro = kalaro(playmate)
Laro+an – laroan(toy)
Pa+laro – palaro(tournament)
Pa+laro+an – palaroan(playground)

D. Bilang salitang-ugat

Salitang-ugat is a simple word that has no panlapi(prefix or suffix) and has its own
meaning. It can’t be divided or cut because it’s meaning will be _________________

The largest morpema in Tagalog and the universal in the world are ugat, salitang-ugat,
at panlapi.

Ugat: sipsip, patpat, sadsad, sapsap, bitbit, at iba pa (each word is independent. The meaning
will be destroyed if it will be cut in the middle)

Salitang-ugat: ina, bahay, katawan, lakas, mahal, balakang, at iba pa