CHAPTER Momentum and Impulse [J Section-A @ rs Fm Fill inthe Blanks 1. A particle of mass 4’m which is at rest explodes into three fragments. Two ofthe fragments each of mass m are found to move with a speed v each in mutually perpendicular directions, The total energy released in the process of explosion is (1987 -2 Marks) 2. The magnitude of the force (in newtons) acting on a body varies with time (in miro seconds) as shown in the fig AB, BC and CD are straight line segments. The magnitude of the total impulse ofthe force on the body from 1= 4 us to 1 I6nsis Ns (1994 -2 Marks) c 800 7 T eo é oo = 299 {AB Ie D 024 6 & 0 2 iW i6 Time (1 8» [el MCQs with One Correct Answer 1. Twoparticles of masses m, and m, in projectile motion have velocities ¥, and vy respectively at time r= 0. They collide at time t,. Their velocities become ¥' and ¥" at time 21, while ‘still moving in ait. The value of lem maa) =m +m] is nis) © ao ©) (m+m)aty @ 2m, + met, 2 Two blocks of masses 10 kg and 4 kg are connected by a spring of negligible mass and placed on a frictionless horizontal surface. An impulse gives a velocity of 14 m/s to the heavier block in the direction of the lighter block. The © {lm+m)ete velocity of the centre of mass is (2002) (@) 30m (0) 20ms (©) 10m (@) Sms 3. Aball of mass 0.2 kg rests on a vertical post of height 5 m.A bullet of mass 0.01 kg, traveling with a velocity V mvs in @ horizontal direction, hits the centre of the ball. After the collision, the ball and bullet travel independently. The ball hits the ground at a distance of 20 m and the bullet at a distance of 100 m from the foot ofthe post. The velocity V of the bullet is 011) vis (@) 250mis (b) 2502 mis (©) 400m (2) 500m/s ‘A particle of mass m is projected tom the ground with an inital speed 1 at an angle a with the horizontal. At the highest point ofits trajectory, it makes a completely inelastic collision with another identical particle, which was thrown, vertically upward from the ground with the same initial speed uy The angle that the composite system makes with the horizontal immediatly after the collision is WEE Adv, 2013) « @s @F D Terrence cee ‘A ball hits the floor and rebounds after an inelastic collision, F+a © In this case (1986-2 Marks) (@) the momentum ofthe ball just after the collision is the same as that just before the collision, (b) the mechanical energy of the ball remains the same in the collision (©) the total momentum of the ball and the earth is conserved (@)_ the total energy of the bal and the earth is conserved ‘A shell is fired from a cannon with a velocity v(mm/see)at an angle @ with the horizontal direction. At the highest point in its path it explodes into two pieoes of equal mass, One of the pieces retraces its path to the cannon and the speed (in risee. of the other pieve immediately after the explosion is (1986-2 Marks) (b) 2ve0s 0 (@) 3veos 3 B © Fvcose (@ J5v e080P30 ‘Two blocks 4 and B, each of mass m, are connected by a ‘massless spring of natural length L and spring constant K. ‘The blocks are initially resting on a smooth horizontal floor ‘with the spring at its natural length, as shown in fig.. third identical block C, also of mass m, moves on the floor with a speed valong the line joining 4 and B, and colideselastically| with A. Then (1993-2 Marks) cl | a aman 8 (@) the kinetic energy of the 4-B system, at maximum ‘compression ofthe spring, is zero. (©) the kinetic energy of the 4-B system, at maximum compression of the spring, is mv2/4 (©) themaximum compression ofthespringis vym7K) (@ themaximum compression ofthespring is v(m/2K) The balls, having linear momenta , = fi and jy =i, undergo a collision in free space. There is no external force acting on the balls. Let jj and 9), be their final momenta. ‘The following option (s) is (are) NOT ALLOWED for any non-zero value of p, a, a;, bb, ¢, and ¢, (2008) A point mass of 1 kg collides elastically with a stationary point mass of Skg. After their collision, the | kg mass reverses its direction and moves witha speed of ms". Which of the following statements) is (are) correct for the system of these two masses? 01 (2) Total momentum of the system is 3 kg ms (©) Momentum of kg mass ater collision is 4 kg ms“! (6) Kinetic energy of the centre of mass is 0.75 1 (@) Total kinetic energy ofthe system is 43 A particle of mass m is attached to one end of a mass-less spring of force constant k, lying on a frictionless horizontal plane. The other end of the spring is fixed. The particle starts moving horizontally from its equilibrium position at time t= 0 with an initial velocity up. When the speed of the particle is 0.5 uy itcollides elastically witha rigid wall. Ater this collision (JEE Adv. 2013) (@) The speed of the particle when it returns to its ‘equilibrium position is, (b) The time at which the particle passes through the equilibrium positon forthe frsttime is t= x= (©) The time at which the maximum compression of the ee 3 (@ The time at which the particle passes through the ss fo 3 Vk spring occurs is ‘equilibrium position forthe second time is 3 Topic-wise Solved Papers - PHYSICS © EQ A body of mass m moving with velocity inthe X-direction collides with another body of mass. moving in Y-direction ‘with velocity. They coalesce into one boxy during collision Calculate (1978) (the direction and magnitude ofthe momentum of the final body (Gi) the fraction of initial kinetic energy transformed into. heat during the collision in terms of the two masses. ‘Taree particles A, Band C of equal mass move with equal speed V along the medians of an equilateral triangle as shown in figure. They collide at the centroid Gofthe triangle. After the collision, A comes to rest, B retraces its path with the speed V. What is the velocity ofC? (1982-2 Marks) 4 B c Two bodies A and B of masses m and 2 m respectively are placed on smooth floor. They are connected by a spring. A third body C of mass m moves with velocity v, along the line joining 4 and B and collides elastically with 4 as shown inFig c 4 B * al > Ata certain instant of time f, after collision, itis found that the instantaneous velocities 4 and B are the same. Further at this instant the compression of the spring is found to be 4p, Determine (i) the common velocity of and B at time fy ‘and (ii) the spring constant. (1984-6 Marks) Aball of mass 100 gm is projected vertically upwards from the ground with a velocity of 49 m/sec. At the same time another identical ball is dropped from a height of 98 m to fall freely along the same path as that followed by the first ball. After some time the two balls collide and stick together and finally fall tothe ground, Find the time of flight of the masses. (1985-8 Marks) A bullet of mass M is fired with a velocity 50 m/satan angle ‘with the horizontal, At the highest point ofits trajectory it collides head-on with a bob of mass 3M suspended by a ‘massless string of length 10/3 metres and gets embedded in the bob, After the collision, the string moves through an angleof 120°. Find @ theangle 9; the vertical and horizontal coordinates ofthe initial Position ofthe bob with respect to the point offing of the bullet. Take g=10 mis? GP_3481Momentum and Impulse 6 2 ‘A block ‘4” of mass 2m is placed on another block ‘B” of| ‘mass 4m which in turn is placed ona fixed table. The two blocks have same length 4d and they are placed as shown in fig. The coefficient of friction (both static and kinetic) between the block “2” and table is i. Thre is no fri between the two blocks. A small object of mass m moving horizontally along line passing through the centre of mass (cm, of the block B and perpendicular to its face with a speed v collides elastically withthe block B ata height d above the table. (1991-444 Marks) 42m 4 44 ——> (@) What isthe minimum value of v (call ity) required to make the block 4 topple ? (©) I= 2vy find the distance (fom the point Pin the figure) at which the mass m falls onthe table after collision. (Ignore the role of friction during the cllison). Accartis moving along + direction with a velocity of 4 mis ‘A person on the cart throws a stone with a velocity of 6 m/s relative to himself. In the frame of reference ofthe cart the stone is thrown in y+z plane making an angle of 30° with vertical axis, Atthe highest point ofits trajectory, the stone hits an object of equal mass hung vertically from the branch of a tree by means of a string of length L. A completely inelastic collision occurs, in which the stone gets embedded in the object. Determine. (1997-5 Marks) (@Thespeed of the combined mass immediately after the collision with respect to an observer on the ground, (ii) The length ZL of the string such that the tension in the string becomes zero when the string becomes horizontal during the subsequent motion of the ‘combined mass ‘Acar Pis moving wit a uniform sped of 5V3 mvs towards a carriage of mass9 kg trex kept on the rails at point as showm in figure. The height AC is 120 m. Cannon balls of | kg are fired from the car with an initial velocity 100 m/s tan angle 30° withthe horizontal. The fs cannon tall its the stationary carriage alr atime 1, and sticks to it Detemine (2001 - 10 Marks) 1 x. . 2 At the second cannon bal is fied, Assume thatthe resistive force between therails and the carriage isconstant and ignore the vertical motion ofthe carriage throughout. Ifthe second ball also hits and sticks to the carriage, what will be the horizontal velocity ofthe carriage just afer the second impact? ‘A particle ofmass m, moving ina circular path ofradius R with a constant speed v; is located at point (2R, 0) at time =O and a man starts moving witha velocity v, along the ++ve y-axis from origin at time f= 0, Calculate the linear ‘momentum ofthe particle ws. the man asa funtion oftime. (2003 - 2 Marks) (0,0) BH REC ees STATEMENT-1 : In an elastic collision between two bod- ies, the relative speed of the bodies after collision is equal to the relative speed before the collision (2007) STATEMENT-2 : Inan elastic collision, the linear ‘momentum ofthe system is conserved, (a) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; State~ ‘ment-2is acorrect explanation for Statement-1 (b)_ Statement=1 is True, Statement-2 is True; State~ ‘ment-2.is NOT a correct explanation for Statement-1 (©) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is False. (@)_Statement-1 is False, Statement-2 is True. 1 ees A bob of mass m, suspended bya string of length J, is given ‘a minimum velocity required to complete a full circlein the vertical plane. At the highest point, it collides elastically ‘with another bob of mass m suspended bya string of length 1, which is initially at rest. Both the strings are mass-less and inextensible. Ifthe second bob, after collision acquires the minimum speed required to complete a full circle in the vertical plane, the ratio “Lis b (WEE Adv. 2013)ix Topic-wise Solved Papers - PHYSICS I Seeson ‘A machine gun fires a bullet of mass 40 g witha velocity 1200 ms. The man holding itcan exerta maximum force of 144N on the gun. How many bullets can he fre per second at the most? 12004) @ Two (b) Four (©) One (@) Three Amass“m’ moves witha velocity" and collides inelastically with another identical mass . After collision the I** mass sore elo ina reston prendre B initial direction of motion. Find the speed of the 2™ mass afer cols. 200s wf mI ae 17 are cotton colision @ ov (b) v » 2 © = (d) —=v OF OF ‘A bomb of mass 16kg at rest explodes into two pieces of ‘masses 4 kg and 12 kg. The velolcity of the 12 kg mass is 4 ms"! The kinetic energy of the other mass is (@) 144s (b) 2885 120061 © 1925 @ 963 ‘Statement -1: Two particles moving in the same direction donot lose all their energy in a completely inelastic collision. ‘Statement-2 : Principle of conservation of momentum holds ‘rue forall kinds of collisions. [2010] (@)_Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true ; Statement -2 is the correct explanation of Statement 1 (b) Statement -1 is true, Statement -2is true; Statement -2 is mot the correct explanation of Statement -1 (©). Statement -l is false, Statement-2 is true. (@)_ Statement -1 is tue, Statement -2is false. ‘The figure shows the position-time (x ~ ¢) graph of one- dimensional motion of a body of mass 0.4 kg. The magnitude cof each impulse is [2010] 2 (@) 04Ns (b) O8Ns (©) LONs (@ 02Ns ‘This question has statement I and statement Il. Of the four choices given after the statements, choose the one that best describes the two statements. JE Main 2013] ‘Statement -I: Apoint particle of mass m moving with speed 1 collides with stationary point particle of mass M. If the ; nmimunseytespsesginas (i?) r (aa) Particles get stuck together as a result ofthe collision, (@) Statement -1is true, Statment I1is true, Statement =I is the correct explanation of Statement «I. (b). Statement-is true, Statment -Iistrue, Statement is not the correct explanation of Statement - I. (©) Statement Lis true, Statment is false (@ Statements false, Statment- His true A particle of massm moving in the x direction with speed 2» ishit byanother particle of mass 2m moving in they direction with speed v. If the collision is perfectly inelastic, the percentage lossin the energy during the collision is close to (JE Main 2015} (a) 56% © 4% (b) 2% @ 50% GP_3481Ion ca] Momentum and Impulse Section-A : JEE Advanced/ IIT-JEE dm? 2 5 0.005 Ns L @ 2 © 2 @ 4 1 (@d) 2 @ 3. (bd) 4, 1 @)0= tan ) - (4 gyre 2, opposite direction tothe retraced velocity of B S 37,1226m,46m 6 (@) > Vousd 0) 6,38 7. 25ms,0318m & L @ ib 125, 1575m/s 9. mM? + (m+ Mn? + Ms?) a v2) =m sin ooti + m(vy cosint —y,)j where © = & @o 6 @d 4 653300 Section-B : JEE Main/ AIEEE Te (ee CC) sO) ACS (b) 6 The magnitude of total 7% @ mpulse of force on the body from sto1=16 us Section-A J/3aGtVCUST lip 143 A. Fill in the Blanks 2mv' cos! w (i) 2m’ sin@ = mv 1 > sino =e0s0 = J Putting this value in equation (),weget em ve =v? sd ay * KEY CONCEPT Area under the F — ¢ graph gives the impulse imparted tothe body @ © = area (BCDFEB) = area of BCFEB+ area CDFC Lawesm 20% betosatonio® = 0.001 +0004 = 0005s (C. MCQs with ONE Correct Answer I we consider the two particles a a system then the eseroal res etn on loser i bo grevieinal pall, +m) pM a A= Fag At (mi 4m") =(mi +72) (mm) 82 Justatercllision toxtdeaxo m+ =l0m/s; tora m, +m, Note : Spring force isan internal force, it cannot change the linear momentum ofthe (two mass + spring) system, ‘Therefore v, remains the same.Ps38 3. @ For vertical motion of bullet or ball u=0,s=5m, t=?, a=10mis? M-o2ks 1 Lia Seurthar 30 = 1 rox Ax10% 5xl0xe =ot= I sec For horizontal motion of ball = Vag = 20 Vigy «I= For horizontal motion of bullet Neate Vite“ = 100 Vis 1 = Voge Applying Conservation of linear momentum during collision, we get mV=nV, aorv=oor iio Vet = por 7500ms (@) Activity B to M for particle thrown upwards 2mW cosd usin? Applying conservation of linear momentum in ‘Yeiretion 2my sind =my, =mugcose (i) [from ()] ‘Applying conservation of linear momentum in Xediretion 2mv cos0=muyeos (i) ‘on dividing (i) nd (i) we get =F tan = Fi D. MCQs with ONE or MORE THAN ONE Correct (A) (@) is wrong because the momentum of ball changes in magnitude as well as direction, (b)_ is wrong because on collision, some mechanical energy is converted into heat, sound energy. 2 3 — ropiic-wise Sotved Papers - PHYSICS (©) iscorrect because for earth + ball system the impact, force isan internal force. (@ iscorrect (@) sone piece retraces its path, the speed of this piece Just after explosion should be v cos <4 pe soot ro) sind A 6 2 veo (Athighest point just after explosion) NOTE THIS STEP Applying conservation of linear momentum at the highest point; m(vcos6 x 6088 3 ve0s (b, d) In situation 1, mass Cis moving towards right with velocity v4 and B are at rest. In situation 2, which is just after the collision of Cwith A, Cstop and A acquires velocity v. [head-on elastic collision between identical masses} When 4 starts moving towards right, the spring suffer ‘2 compression due to which B also starts moving towards right. The compression of the spring continues till there is relative velocity between 4 and B. When this relative velocity becomes zero, both A and B move with the same velocity v and the spring isin a state of ‘maximum compression Applying momentum conservation in situation 1 and3, ¥ vero_ > jus] Fac Faun vo Se Fowl Faun” Nan Comer my= m+ mi > KE. ofthe system in situation 3 is 1 Amy? + Em’ Ly camyit tv? ( vs ) 2 zm omg EN? ‘Thisis the kinetic energy possessed by A ~B system (since, Cisatrest), Let xbe the maximum compression ofthe spring. “Applying energy conservation GP_3481Momentum and Impulse 4 s 6 (ad) KEY CONCEPT Use law of conservation of linear momentum, ‘The intial linear momentum of the system is pi — pi ‘Therefore the final linear momentum should also be z200. Optiona: P+ Pa =(a,+a3)i +(6,+b))) +48 = Final momentum Ttis given that aby, ¢,8;,b, and e, have non-zero values. Ifa, ~ythen the iand j components become zero. But the third term having k component is non-zero, This givesa definite fnal momentum tothe system which Wiolates conservation of linear momentum, soths is an incorrect option Option Pi+ P= (a, +a,)i +2b,j 2 Odecause b #0 Following the same reasoning as above this option is also ruled out ao ‘According o law of conservation of linear momentum. Tu, +5%0=1-2)+5(03) Suj=-2+5y, o ‘Theoefficient of restituition Moyet uw a) Suj=v,42 ai) On solving (i) 8 (ji) we get desired results (4,4) The particle collides elastically with rigid wall, Here Equiltium positon ic. thepartcle rebounds with the same speed, Therefore the particle will return to its equilibrium position with speed tp, option (a is eorect. ‘The velocity ofthe particle becomes Su after time ‘Then using the equation V= Vj, C08 Wt We Bet 0.5ug = up cos wt Ep tT ae etapa T-0f reetet= ‘The time taken by the particle to pass through the 2 ee equilibrium for the firs time ps39 option (b) is incorrect ‘Thetime taken forthe maximum compression =tant tna tye ae ala) x [a xf [3-444] “3Vk 3Vk 3Vk kL3 3 2, 78 Ene iciw The time taken for particle to pass through the equilibrium position second time ARE RBG) SG ‘option (4) is correct, E, Subjective Problems 1. Let / be the velocity of the final body after collision Suppose, 1” makes an angle @ with x-direction. (m+M) V'sind 1 fewanr (mA eos My Applying conservation of linear momentum in X direction (m+M)V'cos 9 =mV i) Applying conservation of linear momentum in ¥ direction (m+M) V'sino = Mv i) Dividing equation (i) and This gives the direction of the momentum of the final body. ‘Squaring and adding (i) and (i), we get (m+ MP V2 c0s28 + (m+ MPV? sin? = mts MP Amy? +My? mM ‘Thus the magnitude of the momentum of the final body =(m+MV" Sma KE,-KEy KE, apss gO opiic-cvise Solved Papers - PHYSICS my? My? (m+ MP mV? + MP (my mV? + My? (m+ M (mV? + Mv?) 272 mit? + MV? MP? —m2V? M2? (me My(m™ +162) mM (v? +¥?) © (m= My (mV? = Mi?) 2 om my nt i: B ¢ 44 nF a Inially wee Finally Initially Bysymmetry the momentum ofthe system is zero. Finally ‘The momentum ofthe system should be zero. mV=mV = V=V The velocity of C is V and is in opposite direction to the retraced velocity of B as shown in the figure. 3. Since the collision between C and Ais elastic and their ‘masses are equal and A was initially at rest, therefore the result of collision will be that C will come to rest and A will initially start moving with a velocity vp, But since 4 is connected to B with a spring, the spring wil get compressed. my 4m pln eam yam q ” ‘ALI= fg the velocities of A and B become same. Applying energy conservation; Ln? =v Lamy? Lig? Livg = 1 mv2s Lamy? hy my = ym 2 Sh 2 ‘where: is the compression in the spring at ¢= fy k Baws d @ Applying momentum conservation, we get imyy= mv +2 + wo From (and (i) weeaet bye pe 2 93x RE 4. Forthe ball hrown up Pu? =245, a} -2401=19.64 @ Lie sem + Sau t b= 491-49 P (i) om c ‘ For the ball dropped from height r : 784m WE -ud = aps, v} =19.6(98-h) — (ii) Lie Sy ah thant i= Mala +5 ant 98-h=492 ww) From (i) and Gv) 98 - (491-497) = 4.97 see h=49x2-49x2=784m —_(from(i) Substituting this value of in (i) and i), we get vP-2401==196%784 4} =19.6(98-784) vp = 864.36 = v9 =384.16 yj=294mis > ¥4=196mis [Note : At point C where the two bodies collide, thereafter both bodies stick and behave as a single body: ‘Thus, we apply conservation of linear momentum, which ives my, ~My =2mv 98-49r=0 Wo¥ 294-196 _ yo, 2 For the combined body u=49mis;s,=—78.4; a ‘Total time= 4.53 +2= 6.53 se. (in 4OR OR opens sin30°= 673 OR= 5 u=50m/s (Given) At the highest point P, the velocity ofthe bullet = w cos Applying conservation of linear momentum at the highest point ‘M(ucos0)+3Mx0=(M+3M)v GP_3481‘Momentum and Impulse Mucos® _ wcos8 4M 4 Applying energy conservation principle for Pand R KE. ofthe bullet-mass system at P=P-£. ofthebullet-mass, system at R Fenny? =aangh Lunt 20 gs(!243) daw ang(1245 26 16 Mg 303 98542016 50x50 R_w2sin29 _ 50% 50sin2«37" 2 ag ao costa = = 0-37" wo =122.6m 2 Since the collision is elastic in nature applying conservation of inear momentum and conservation of kinetic energy my =(4m) um ‘where 1 is the velocity of mass 4m after collision and vis the velocity of mass 2m From (i) to(ii) wedi2 + (du)? > Block B starts moving but the block 4 remains at rest as there isno friction between 4 and B. For block 4 to topple, block B should move a distance 2d. Let the retardation produced in B due to friction force between Band the table be a F=wN => (4m)a=s(6mg) => a=15ug For the motion of = ve For elastic collision between two bodies om = mp Ju m tm 2mauy mem 4 Here m, =m, mg =4m,u = SY ug, U5 =0 (m—4m)5/6ugd Boned y= +0 Aout oy m+ 4m a“ te Psat as led 3G [Note : The negative sign shows that the mass m rebounds. Itthen follows a projectile motion. ‘Considering the vertical direction motion ofthis projectile. g ‘The horizontal distance travelled by mass m during this timer x= N6igd « Pa 63nd? = 64/34 When the stone reaches the point Q, the component of ‘velocity in the + Z direction (vc0s 0 ) becomes zero due to the gravitational force in the ~ Z direction. ‘The stone has two velocities at + yg imthe +X direction (4 m/s) + sin inthe + Yirection (6sin 30° =3 ms) The resultant velocity ofthe stone Iv.) +(vsine? @ Applying conservation of linear momentum at Q for collision with amass of equal magnitude mx5=2mxv Note : Since, the collision is completely inelastic the two ‘masses will stick together. vis the velocity of thetwo masses just ate collision. ] v=2.Sms Gi) When the string is undergoing circular motion, at any P43? =smis nt arbitrary position T—2mg cos a Given that, 7 when a=90" -.0- => Velocity is zero when et = 90°, i, in the horizontal position. “Applying energy conservation from Oto M, weget wae Loan? 2m’ f 52m? = Imgpsd2 8 ‘Consider the vertical motion of the cannon ball = + 100'sin 30° Sy--120m t+ Pe lois? § = 12or—2 [Notvalid] ‘The horizontal velocity of the cannon ball remains the same 14.=10060s30°= 50 5 ms! Applying conservation of linear momentum to the ‘cannon ball-trolley system in horizontal direction. lfm isthe ‘mass of cannon ball and Mis the mass ofthe trolley then, mu, + Mx0=(m+M) vg mea where vis the velocity of the cannon ball-trolley system, 1x503 vp PRS os Sim's The second ball was projected after 12 second. Horizontal distance covered by the car P = 12x S¥3 = 60/3m ‘Since the second ball also struck the trolley, ‘Therefore, in time 12 seconds, the trolley covers a distance of 603 m, For trolley after 12 seconds; u=5V3 mis, 603 m, s= utha => 60V3 = S¥3x 12 sax as za — ropiic-wise Sotved Papers - PHYSICS V3 mis To ind the final velocity ofthe carriage ar the second impact we again aply conservation oflinear momentum in thehoriontaldirestion mu, + (M+) ¥-=(M+ 2m) vy be S0VE +041) SV5 =9+2)y > ye ls 15m a=Omi? 2. y=utar= (xy sine’ +v, c0ser j);5) =) py = omy snot + m(y ose 9) where @ ="2 © Bow = al sin'2e) + H. Assertion & Reason Type Questions (@ Statement 1 : Foran elastic collision, the coefficient of restitution = 1 ba-ml [uy mag | 22 => Relative velocity after collision is equal to relative velocity before collision. But in the statement relative speed is given. ‘Statement? : Linear momentum remains conserved in an elastic collision. This statement is true. |. Integer Value Correct Type 5 Velocity atthe highest point of bob tied to string ¢, is acquired by the bob tied to string ¢, due to elastic head-on collision of equal masses 4 Therefore Jaf = VSB 7b GP_3481Momentum and Impulse. — ps43 [| Section-8 ASTI 1. @ Letn bethenumber of bullets that the man can rein §, () During each collision ‘one second, “change in momentum per second = n x mv=F [m= mass of bullet, v= velocity] (> Fis the foree) EF _ 1441000 inv 401200 @ Inxditection, mv=mv, e030 (1) here v; is the velocity of second mass Iny-direction, rmisino Q — mv £08 0 iy, sin 0 Squaring and adding eqns. (1) and (2) w (Let the velocity and mass of 4 kg pieve be v, and m, and that of 12 kg piece be v) and my, 16ks Inia momen ™ Situation 1 20 pe 12kE Final momentum Situation? Applying conservation of linear momentum my) = my, >= (@) In completely inelastic collision, all energy is not lost (so, statement -1 is true) and the principle of ‘conservation of momentum holds good forall kinds of| collisions (so, statement -2 is true) . Statement -2 explains statement -1 correctly because applying the principle of conservation of momentum, wean get the ‘common velocity and hence the kinetic energy of the ‘combined body. 2 t Initial velocity = 5 = 1ms Final velocity = - =I ms [Impulse = Change in momentum ivy -y4| =0.4«2=0.8Ns ae Masia cosgyos= Peas pe 2 Py oM Son u} 2m|(m+M)}~ 2! m+M. ‘Statement IL is a case of perfectly inelastic collision, By comparing the equation given in statement I with above equation, we get (2g) ee) Hence statement lis wrong and statement Il is correct. Initial momentum ofthe system [tm2vy? xm2v)) v2mx2V Final momentum ofthe system =3mV By the law of conservation of momentum. 2N2my=3mV_ Veo Loss in energy 2a tinve a = FMM + maVF 5 (+m) Vnts nv? = 55.55% Percentage loss in energy during the collision