Q1. Differentiate between rough endoplasmic reticulum and smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

(any two points)

Ans.
RER SER
1)They appear rough They appear
under a microscope smooth under a
(Due to presence of microscope
ribosomes)

2) They are involved They are involved in

in the manufacture of the manufacture of
protein lipids

Q2.What is membrane biogenesis?

Ans.The proteins and lipids synthesised by the RER and SER respectively are used in the
building of the plasma membrane. This process is known as membrane biogenesis.

Q3.What would happen to the life of a cell if there were no Golgi apparatus?
Ans. If there was no Golgi apparatus-
1)the material synthesised the ER would not be dispatched off to various targets inside and
outside the cell.
2)the functions it performs, the storing, modification and packaging of materials to other parts of
the cell would not be performed these substances of importance would not reach the cell. Thus
proteins and lipids which are important for manufacture of plasma membrane would not have
been transported thus hampering the development of new cells.
3) complex sugars would not be synthesised from simple sugars (which are used in many
important life processes). Also it is involved in the manufacture of lysosomes(with the ER) and
without it the lysosomes would have been inefficient or not been synthesised.

Q4.Justify the following statements:

i)’Lysosomes are a kind of waste disposal system of a cell.’
ii) ‘Mitochondria are called powerhouse of the cell.’
iii) ‘Chloroplast and mitochondria are considered as semi-autonomous organelles.
Ans.
I) Yes, Lysosomes are a kind of waste disposal system of a cell as they help clean the cell of
foreign materials like food or even worn out cell organelles. Foreign material entering the cell
ends up in the lysosome which then breaks them up into tiny pieces due to the presence of
digestive enzymes which can dissolve all organic material. During a disturbance in cell
metabolism the lysosomes may burst and the enzymes may digest their own cell.
ii) Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell because the energy needed for
various life processes required for life is produced by the mitochondria in the form of ATP
molecules. ATP is known as the energy currency of the cell.The body uses energy stored in the
ATP molecules for making new chemical compounds and for mechanical work.
iii) Chloroplasts and mitochondria are considered semi autonomous organelles because they
have their own genetic material (DNA) and ribosomes thus they can synthesise some of their
own proteins

Q5.Differentiate between: (any two differences)

i) Plant cell vacuole and animal cell vacuole

ii) Chromoplast and Leucoplast

Ans.

I) Plant cell vacuole Animal cell vacuole

1.They are larger in size They are smaller

in size
2.They are usually They are many in
one in number and number and scattered
located in the middle throughout the cell.
(Of the cell)

ii) Chromoplast Leucoplast

1.They are coloured They are colourless or
plastids white plastids

2.Their function is to Their function is primarily

attract insects to aid in to store materials such
pollination as starch and sugar etc.