Sheet 3: Biomolecule Chart

Biomolecule Type Nucleic Acids

Elements and (Ratio if given) - Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen,

and Phosphorus

Monomers - Monomers = Nucleotides

- three components: pentose sugar (5-
carbon sugar), phosphate group, and a
nitrogenous base.

- Polymer = nucleic acid (DNA)

- Each nucleic acid contains four of five

possible nitrogen-containing bases:
adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C),
thymine (T), and uracil (U). A and G are
categorized as purines, and C, T, and U
are collectively called pyrimidines.

Functions - The storage and expression of genetic

information are two of the roles of
nucleic acids.
- The transmission of inherent
characteristics from one generation to
the next is accomplished through DNA.
- Protein synthesis in a cell is governed
by nucleic acids (both DNA and RNA).
ATP, physiological signaling mediators,
secondary messengers, and allosteric
enzyme effectors are all examples of
nucleotides as energy sources.

Examples - Deoxyribonucleic acid, commonly

referred to as DNA, and ribonucleic
acid, commonly referred to as RNA, are
two types of nucleic acids.