Initial --- Work is done informally:.1 This level of software development organisation is distinguished by AD HOC activities (organization is not planned in advance.). Processes are typically ad hoc, and the organisation does not always provide a steady environment. Success in these organisations is determined by the competence and heroism of the people who work there, rather .than by the adoption of tried-and-true techniques :Repeatable --- Work is planned and tracked.2 Successes in software development can be replicated. The processes may not be repeated for all of the organization's projects. To track cost and schedule, the organisation may .employ some basic project management Process discipline aids in the retention of existing practices during times of stress. Projects are completed and managed in accordance with their documented plans when these .procedures are in place :Defined --- work is well defined .3 The organization's standard processes, which serve as the foundation for level 3, are built and improved through time. These standard procedures are utilised to provide consistency throughout the company. Projects define their procedures using the organization's standard processes and customizing .guidelines The management of the organisation creates process objectives based on the organization's set of standard processes and .ensures that these objectives are addressed effectively أبانوب عماد زكي غبور: االسم CS
:Managed --- Work is quantitatively controlled .4
Management can efficiently control the software development process by using precise measurements. Management, in particular, can develop strategies to change and adapt the process to unique projects without demonstrable quality losses or departures from specifications. The organisation established a quantitative quality goal for both the software .process and software maintenance at this level Subprocesses are chosen that make a significant contribution to overall process performance. Statistical and other quantitative techniques are .used to govern these selected subprocesses :Optimizing --- Work is Based Upon Continuous Improvement .5 Focusing on continuous process performance improvement through both incremental and innovative technical advancements. The organisation establishes quantitative process-improvement objectives, which are constantly amended to reflect changing business objectives and utilised as criteria in managing process improvement. The consequences of implemented process improvements are measured and evaluated in relation to the quantitative process-improvement goals. Measurable improvement efforts are targeted at both the defined .processes and the organization's collection of standard procedures