Semester-I Diploma in Engineering –Summative Assessment (Series Test-I) Jan 2022

Course code: 1004 APPLIED CHEMISTRY Question Bank

Part-A (Each question carries 1mark)

Q.1 a) Write the de Broglie’s equation

Ans: The wave length (λ) of a matter wave is given by de Broglie’s equation

h h
λ= or λ =
mv p

Where ‘h’ = the Planck’s constant, m= mass of the particle v = velocity of the particle,
p = its momentum.

b) State Auf bau principle.

Ans: Auf bau Principle states that the electrons enter in to the atomic orbitals in the
ascending (increasing) order of their energy.

c) Maximum number of electrons permissible in an orbital is…….

Ans: 2

d) Give the mathematical expression of Heisenberg’s principle.

Ans: Heisenberg’s principle is mathematically expressed as

x p   h
4

Where ∆x is the uncertainty in position , ∆p is the uncertainty in momentum and h is the

Planck’s constant

Q.2 a) Define ionic product of water.

Ans: Ionic product of water (Kw) is defined as the product of the concentrations of H+
ions and OH– ions in water.

b) pH value of pure water is ………

Ans: 7

c) The value of ionic product of water is……..

 Ans: 10–14 M2 (Where M = moles/litre)

d) Define molarity.

Ans: Molarity is defined as the number of moles of the solute present in one litre of the
solution.

Part-B (Each question carries 3 marks)

Q.3 State Octet rule 3 marks

Ans: Octet rule states that chemical bonds results due to the tendency of atoms to secure
a set of eight electrons (octet) in their outer most shell (valence shell). In this way the
atoms attain the electronic configuration of a noble gas.

Q.4 Explain hydrogen bonding in water 3 marks

Ans: The weak bonding between covalently bonded hydrogen atom with
electronegative atom of another molecule or another location within the molecule is
called hydrogen bonding.

Examples: HF, water (H2O) ,ammonia (NH3)

H+— F- H+— O- H+— N-

Q.5 Write three applications of pH measurement 3 marks

Ans:

i). Potable water – the drinking water should not be acidic or basic. Hence pH
determination is necessary. The pH of water should be 7 or near to 7

ii). Agriculture- pH determination of the soil is very useful in agriculture.

If the soil is too acidic (low PH), lime is added to increase the pH.

If the soil is alkaline (high pH), gypsom is added to neutralise the alkali.

iii). Effluent treatment: pH determination of the effluent from factories is necessary for
pollution control. The pH of effluent should be 7 or close to 7

Q.6 Explain acidic buffer and basic buffer with one example for each 3 marks

Ans:

There are two types of buffer solutions a) acidic buffer and b) basic buffer.
 Acidic buffer is a mixture of a weak acid and its salt with a strong base.

Example: a mixture of acetic acid and sodium acetate.

Basic buffer is a mixture of a weak base and its salt with a strong acid.

Example: a mixture of ammonium hydroxide and ammonium chloride

Part-C (Each question carries 5 marks)

Q.7 What are the important postulates of Bohr’s theory of atom? 5 marks

Ans: The important postulates of Bohr’s theory of atom are:

i) Atom is a very small spherical particle composed of positive nucleus and negative
electrons.
ii) The centre of atom is called the nucleus. (The positively charged protons and charge
less neutrons are located in the nucleus.)
iii) The electrons are constantly revolving around the nucleus in circular paths called
orbits. The orbits are numbered as 1, 2, 3, 4,…etc and also denoted by the letters K,
L, M, N, O. etc based on the distance from the nucleus.
iv) The electrostatic force of attraction between the nucleus and the electron is exactly
balanced by the centrifugal force of the moving electron.
v) Each orbit is associated with a definite amount of energy. The energy of the electrons
does not change as long as the electron remains in an orbit. So the orbits are also
called ‘stationary states’.
vi) The energy of the orbits increases with distance from the nucleus. They are denoted
by E1, E2, E3…etc. So the orbits are also called energy levels. That is E1< E2 < E3
< E4…
vii) All orbits are not permissible. The permitted orbits are such that the angular
momentum of the revolving electron must be an integral (whole number) multiple of
h
.
2
h
That is mvr=n
2
where m = mass of the electron, v = velocity of electron, r = radius of the orbit and n
= 1,2,3,..etc .(whole number).
vii) An electron can be moved from one orbit to another by absorption or emission of
energy in the form of radiation. Energy is absorbed when an electron moves from a lower
 energy orbit to a higher energy orbit(excitation). Energy is given out as radiations when an
electron moves from a higher energy orbit to a lower energy orbit (de -excitation).
The change in energy ∆E = E2 – E1 = hν
Where h = Planck’s constant (6.626x10-34 joules-sec )
ν = frequency of radiation emitted or absorbed by the electron.

Q.8 What are Quantum numbers? What do they indicate? 5 marks

Ans: Quantum numbers are a set of four numbers used to indicate, the principal energy
level (shell), the sub energy level (sub shell), the orbital and spin of an electron in an atom.

They are i) principal quantum number(n) ii) subsidiary quantum number or

azimuthal quantum number(l) iii) magnetic quantum number-(m)
iv)spin quantum number(s)

Principal quantum number (n) indicates the principal energy level (shell or orbit) of
the electron. For K,L,M, N shells, n=1,2,3 and 4 respectively.

Subsidiary quantum number or azimuthal quantum number(l) indicates the sub

energy level (sub shell) of the electron. For example, l = 1 indicates p sub shell

Magnetic quantum number-(m) indicates the orbital number of the electron in a sub
shell. For example, m = -1,0,+1 means Px, Py and Pz orbitals in p sub shell.

Spin quantum number(s) indicates the spin of the electron. +½ indicates clockwise
spin and -½ indicates anti clockwise spin.

Q.9 Write a flow chart for the production of potable water. 5 marks

Ans:
Q.10 what are the disadvantages of hard water? 5 marks

Ans: Disadvantages of hard water

(1) Hard water leads to wastage of soap.

Ordinary soaps are sodium salt of fatty acids. It is soluble in soft water and gives lather.

But when used in hard water, soap will be precipitated as insoluble calcium or
magnesium salts. As a result, lather cannot be produced and clothes cannot be cleaned
well.

(2) Hard water is not suitable for dyeing of clothes in textile industry. It may cause
undesired stains .

(3) Hard water is harmful to steam boilers used in industry.

It may cause boiler scales and boiler corrosion. Boiler scales causes wastage of fuel in
boiler and leads to overheating of boiler metal and explosion.

(4) It is not suitable for cooking , because it may cause unpleasant taste for food .
(5) Hard water is not suitable for drinking. Because the dissolved calcium salts may lead
to the deposits of calcium oxalate stones in urinary track and kidney.

…………………………