ACKNOWLEDGMENT

In the accomplishment of this project many

people have own their best blessing and
heart pledged support
Thanks to all people who supported me and
had concern about this project
I will like to thank my school principal Mrs.
SABITA DASH and my subject teacher Mrs.
SHALINI MISHRA for their guidance which
has helped me pass this project I would like
to thank my parents to help me to gather all
the information and assist despite their busy
schedule.
 LIST OF CONTENTS

•Aim
•Introduction
•Causes
• Diagnosis
•Prevention
•Care and treatment
•Case study
•Bibliography
 AIM

CASE STUDY OF HYPOTHYROIDISM

 INTRODUCTION

What is a thyroid gland?

The thyroid is an endocrine gland in your
neck. It produces two hormones that are
secreted inyo the blood: thyroxine(T4) and
triidothyronine (T3). These hormones are
necessary for all the cells in your body to
work normally.
Thyroid disorder are very common and tend
mainly to occur in women, although
anybody-men, teenagers, children and
babies too- can
Be affected. About one in20 people has some
kind of thyroid disorder, which may be
temporary or permanent.
The thyroid gland lies in the front of your neck in
a position just below your Adam’s apple. It is
made up of two lobes- the right lobe and the left
lobe, each about the size of a plum cut in half-
and these two lobes are joined by a small bridge
of thyroid tissue called the isthmus. The two
lobes lie on either side of your wind-pipe.

WHAT DOES MY THYROID GLAND DO?

The thyroid makes two hormones that it secretes
into blood stream. One it is called thyroxine; this
hormone contains four atoms of iodine and is
often called T4.the other is called
triiodothyronine, which contains three atoms of
iodine and oftencalled T3.in the cells and tissue
of the body the T4 is convrtedtoT3. It is the T3,
derived from T4 or secreted as T3 from the
throid gland, which is biologically active and
influences the activity of all the cells and tissue
from your body.

WHAT DO MY THYROID HORMONES

DO FOR ME?
TheT4,or rather the T3 derived from it, and the
T3 secreted directly by the thyroid gland
influence the metabolism of your body cells. In
other words, it regulates the speed with which
your body cell works faster than normal, and you
have hyperthyroidism. If you become
hyperthyroid because of too much secretion of
the hormones from the thyroid gland, the
increased activity of your body cells or body
organs may lead, for example, to a quickening of
your heart rate or increased activity of your
intestine so that you have frequent bowel
motions or even diarrhea.On the other hand if
too little of the thyroid hormones are
produced (known as hypothyroidism), the
cells and organs of your body slow down. If
you become hypothyroid, your heart rate,
for example, may be slower than normal and
your intestines work sluggishly, sp you
become constipated.
WHAT CAN GO WRONG WITH MY
THYROID?
• Hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid)- not
enough thyroxine is produced for the body’s
needs
• Hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid)- too
much thyroxine is produced for the body’s
needs
• Hypothyroidism is the most common
disorder
WHAT ARE THE MOST COMMON
SYMPTOMS OF THE MOST
COMMONTHYROID DISORDERS THAT I
MIGHT EXPERIENCE?
Hypothyroidism: tiredness, feeling cold,
weight gain, poor concentration, depression.
Hyperthyroidism: weight loss, heat-
intolerance, anxiety, and sometimes, sore
and gritty eyes. Sometimes there are very
few symptoms. A blood test from your
doctor will confirm whether or not you have
a thyroid disorder.
WHAT OTHER DISORDER ARE THERE?
•Thyroid eye disease- this affects some
people who have an over active thyroid due
to graves’ disease.
•Nodules or swellings- these lumps can stop
the thyroid gland from working properly, or
are simply uncomfortable.
•Thyroid cancer-this is very rare, but it is
important to ask your doctor to check any
lump in your neck.
•Having a baby can sometimes trigger a
thyroid disorder. This is known as post-
partum thyroiditis. It is usually temprory but
can return each time you have a baby.

HOW IS MY THYROID GLAND

CONTROLLED?
There has to be some sort of mechanism that
regulates very carefully the amount of
T4andT3 secreted by your thyroid gland so
that the right- the normal- amounts are
manufactured and delivered into the blood
stream. The mechanism is very similar to
that which regulates the central heating in a
house where there is a thermostat in, say, in
the living room, which is set to a particular
temperature and which activates the gas-or
oil-fired furnace, or boiler that heats the hot
water. In the case of the thyroid the
‘thermostat’ consists of a little gland, called
the pituitary gland that lies underneath your
brain in your skull. The pituitary senses the
level of thyroid hormones in your blood
stream, just as the thermostat in your living
room senses the temperature. Under normal
circumstances, if the level drops just a little
below normal, the pituitary reacts by
secreting hormone called the thyroid
stimulating hormone, also known as TSH,
and this hormone activates the thyroid gland
to put out more T4 and T3.
 SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF
HYPOTYROIDISM
Some of the major symptoms and signs that
may manifest in hypothyroidism (as a result
of a slowed metabolism) include:
•Fatigue and sleepiness
•Slowed movement and speech
•Intolerance to cold
•Weight gain
•Slow heart rate
•Sluggish reflexes
•Constipation
•Shortness of breath while exercising
•Muscle cramps and stiffness, in addition to
weakness.
 DIAGNOSIS OF
HYPOTHYROIDSM
In general, your doctor may test for an
underactive thyroid if you are feeling
increasingly tired, have dry skin, constipation
and weight gain, or have had previous
thyroid problems or a goiter.
BLOOD TESTS
Diagnosis of hypothyroidism is based on
your symptoms and the results of blood tests
that measure the level of TSH and
sometimes the level of thyroxine. A low level
of thyroxine and high level of TSH indicate an
underactive thyroid. That’s because your
pituitary produces more TSH in an effort to
stimulate your thyroid gland into producing
more thyroid hormone.
Doctors can diagnose thyroid disorders much
earlier in the past- often before you
experience symptoms. Because the TSH test
is the best screening test, your doctor will
likely check TSH first and follow with a
thyroid hormone test if needed.
TSH tests also play an important role in
managing hypothyroidism. They help your
doctor determine the right dosage of
medication, both initially and our time.
In addition, TSH tests are used to help
diagnose a condition called subclinical
hypothyroidism, which usually causes no
outward signs or symptoms. In this
condition, you have normal blood levels of
triiodothyronine and thyroxine, but higher
than normal levels of TSH
There are certain factors that can affect
blood tests for thyroid problems. One is the
blood- thinning medication called heparin.
Another is biotin, a vitamin taken as a stand-
alone supplement or as part of a
multivitamin. Let your doctor know about
any medications or supplements you take
before having blood tests done.
PREVENTION OF HYPOTHYROIDISM

There is no way to prevent hypothyroidism

caused due to genetic reason but we can
have a healthy lifestyle; proper sleep and
diet to prevent hypothyroidism caused due
to poor life style.
 CARE AMD TREATMENT OF
HYPOTHYROIDISM
Standard treatment for hypothyroidism
involves daily use of the syntheyic thyroid
hormone levothyroxine (Levo-T, Synyhroid,
others). This oral meditation restores
adequate hormone levels, reversing the
signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism.
You’ll likely start to feel better soon after
you start treatment. The meditation
gradually lowers cholesterol levels elevated
by the disease and reverse any weight gain.
Treatment with levothyroxine willlikelybe
lifelong, but because the dosage you need
may change, your doctor is likely to check
your TSH level every year.
 CASE STUDY
Name of the client: SHAILA MADKE
Age: 37
Gender : FEMALE
Address:N/1B 92/9 shivshakti apt. nerul.
Diagnosis : HYPOTHYROIDISM
Initial weight : 98kg.
Final weight : 80kg.
Doctor consulted : AYESHA VALSANGKAR
Tests taken : T3 T4 TSH.
PERSONS PAST AND PRESENT
CONDITION
The person is now 37 years old and was 34
years old at the time of diagnosis. She was
suffering from hypothyroidism and obesity.
She also faced the problems of fatigue and
depression.
She now weighs 80 kg and is completely
normal. Her thyroid gland is now functioning
normally. She also feel energetic and is
mentally in better condition.
 FAMILY HISTORY
The person had no history of anyone
suffering from hypothyroidism. This shows
that in this persons’ situation
hypothyroidism was not due to genetic
reason.
 REASON BEHIND
HYPOTHYROIDISM
According to the doctor the patient was
suffering from hypothyroidism due to stress
and improper lifestyle such as improper
sleeping habits.
SYMPTOMS SEEN IN PATIENT
• Fatigue
• Weight gain
• Loss of apetite
• Increased irritability
• Constipation
• Dry mouth
• Puffy face
• Lack of sleep
• Irregular menstrual cycles
• Depression
 DIAGNOSIS
Since the patient was in the initial stage of
hypothyroidism the doctor recommended
her to take homeopathic medicines named
CALCARIA CARBONICA which is the one of
the most prescribed medicines in
homeopathy for hypothyroidism which she
took twice for the initial 6 months and then
took once a day for next 6 months and finally
took it once a week. Gradually the frequency
of dosage was reduced and she finally got rid
of hypothyroidism.
 PREVENTIVE MEASURES
TAKEN
After the patient found that she was
suffering from hypothyroidism she started
having a healthy lifestyle. She tried to avoid
stress and tension and practiced yoga such
as kapalbhati and simhasana. She went for a
regular walk of 30 minutes everyday in a
nearby park for a good mental condition. She
also started taking regular 8 to 9 hours of
sleep.
 BIBLIGRAPHY
• NECRT TEXTBOOK
• GOOGLE
• AAKASH MODULE
• WWW.DOCTORSTODAY.COM
•WWW.NIDK.COM
THANK YOU
 MAHATMA GANDHI MISSION PRIMARY &
SECONDARY SCHOOL (ENG) CBSE

TOPIC- CASE STUDY OF HYPOTHYROIDISM

NAME- SAHIL GUNJAL
ROLL No- 14
STD - XII