2001

10 - GENERAL SPECIFICATION FOR FLOORING

AND COVERING WORKS AND
TAKE-OFF PROCEDURES

The Inter-Ministerial Committee for the Standardization of the Construction

Contract Documents and their Computerization, with the participation of the

Defense Ministry, the Building and Housing Ministry and the

Transport Ministry / Public Works Department

© All rights reserved to the Ministry of Defense / Publications

a
10 - GENERAL SPECIFICATION FOR FLOORING AND COVERING
WORKS AND TAKE-OFF PROCEDURES
(This page is not part of the Contract)

1. The General Specification for Flooring and Covering Works represents Chapter 10 of the
General Specification for Building Works.

2. The Take-off Procedures for the Flooring and Covering Works are indicated as No.
1000.00 and they are gathered at the end of the Specification. The Bill of Quantities for a
given work shall be prepared on the basis of these Take-off Procedures.

3. The General Specification forms an inseparable part of the Contract Documents between
the Ministry and the Contractor. Should the need for it arise, the Designer shall prepare a
Special Specification for a given work and indicate that all the requirements of the Special
Specification supersede in all cases, those of the General Specification.

The present Specification is so based so as to form one of the Contract Documents, the
stipulations of which are the Contract with the State of Israel for the execution of a
structure by a Contractor (shelf 3210).

4. In the Special Specification or the Bill of Quantities, or the Drawings, the Designer shall
indicate his requirements with respect to what is said in those Specification Paragraphs in
which there are more than one alternative. The Designer shall also check the List of
Standards at the head of the Chapter to ensure that it is complete and updated.

5. In the following paragraphs (6-23), the Paragraphs, which the Designer must address in
writing and specifically his requirements, are listed.

6. Chapter 10 Version – The Designer shall indicate in the Special Specification that he is
basing himself on Chapter 10, Fourth Version (2001).

7. Cement – Whenever colored cement is required, the Designer shall indicate it.

8. Testing Section – Should the need for it arise, the request for a testing section and its
dimensions shall be detailed in the Special Specification.

9. Terrazzo Floor Tiles – In the Specification Type 1 is required for the abrasion and Type A
for the tolerated defects as per SI 6. Any different requirement has to be indicated in one of
the Contract Documents (size of the stone, type of the stone, etc.).

10. The Aggregate – The Designer shall indicate in one of the Contract Documents:

a) Requirement for special aggregates, such as basalt for floor tiles, or for the casting of
terrazzo on the Site;

b) Requirement for a type of aggregate for the casting of "granulated" surfaces or for
floor tiles with a granulated finish.

11. Skirting (Base) – The size of the required elements shall be indicated.

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12. Inspection of the substrate for rigid covers of walls – Should the Contractor be required
to perform the inspection of the wall prior to the installation of rigid covering and should
there be a need for reinforcing the substrate prior to the installation of rigid covering, the
Designer shall detail his requirements in the Special Specification.

13. Ceramic Flooring and Covering – The Designer shall indicate in the Special Specification
the type of tiles and their color, including the abrasion-proof level required, the width of the
joints and their depth as well as the type and color of the material to be used for filling in
the joints. The Designer shall indicate the dimensions of the tiles and other properties, as
may be required.

14. Accessories Installed on Covered Inner Walls – The Designer shall indicate in the
Special Specification the type of accessory, the type of material, the color, the attachment
detail and its exact location.

15. Resilient Materials Flooring – Should such a flooring be required and laid on a sub-grade,
the Designer shall indicate the type of sub-grade and the type of material to be used by the
Contractor.

16. Flooring in Functional Rooms – The requirements for Functional Rooms such as freezer
rooms, shall be detailed in the Special Specification.

17. Separation Strip in Cast in Place Terrazzo Surfaces – The Designer shall indicate the
type of material and the section required for the execution of the separation strips. The
Designer shall determine the size of the surfaces and the length of the surface's sides,
according to the conditions expected in the Site.

18. Sections used in the Covering of Walls – Requirements for sections in the corners, the
edges, finish or for special tiles for the upper finish, etc. (including protective sections for
covered corners in internal walls) shall be indicated in the Special Specification. The
Designer shall indicate in the Special Specification the material, the type of section, the
installation detail and the height.

19. Thermal or Acoustic Insulation – The requirements for the thermal and acoustic
insulation shall be detailed in the Special Specification.

20. Filling Concrete in Wet Spaces – The Designer shall indicate in the Special Specification
the request for adding additives for increasing the filling concrete water tightness as well as
for adding fibers.

21. Glues – The Designer shall indicate in the Special Specification the types of glue required
for the performance of the work.

22. Deleted.

23. Requirements for Stainless Steel Reinforcement – The Designer shall detail in the
Special Specification, should it be required, the stainless steel to be used in the rigid
covering of external walls in the intermediate layer.

24. All the subjects detailed above (6 to 23) only represent a reminder to the Designer which
does not release him from checking the compatibility of the General Specification
paragraphs to the designed work.

- 2001 -

b
10 - GENERAL SPECIFICATION FOR FLOORING
AND COVERING WORKS AND
TAKE-OFF PROCEDURES

The Inter-Ministerial Committee for the Standardization of the Construction

Contract Documents and their Computerization, with the participation of the

Defense Ministry, the Building and Housing Ministry and the

Transport Ministry / Public Works Department

Fourth Version (Revised)

© All rights reserved to the Ministry of Defense / Publications – 2001

The Inter-Ministerial Committee for the Standardization of the Construction Contract
Documents and their Computerization:

A. Haber Ministry of Defense – Chairman

L. Davidovitz - Ministry of Building and Housing – Member
Y. Frankel - Ministry of Defense – Member
A. Saguy - Ministry of Transport / Public Works Department – Member
Y. Sasson - Ministry of Building and Housing – Member
S. Fein - Ministry of Defense – Member of the Committee and Responsible Editor of
the Publications
Y. Lopovitz - Ministry of Defense – Member of the Committee and Sub-Committee
Coordinator

General Specification for the Flooring and Covering Works

Sub-Committee:
S. Fein - Ministry of Defense – Chairman
Y. Lopovitz Ministry of Defense – Member
Z. Manoach Ministry of Defense – Member
J. Katzir Ministry of Defense – Member
L. Robins Ministry of Building and Housing – Member
A. Rosenfeld - Ministry of Defense – Member
S. Rothstein Ministry of Building and Housing – Member
A. Saguy - Ministry of Transport / Public Works Department – Member
D. Shaft IDF – Member

The Committee was assisted by Mr. Sternfeld and Professor H. Yagerman

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 10 - The Special Specification for Flooring and Covering Works

(and the Take-Off Procedures)

Table of Contents

Page

1000 General..............................................................................................................................3

1001 Materials............................................................................................................................5

1002 Terrazzo Tiles and Concrete Products Flooring.................................................................8

1003 Flooring with Ceramic Flooring Tiles.............................................................................10

1004 Flooring with Resilient Materials (including Carpets).....................................................12

1005 Terrazzo and Granulated Surfaces Cast in Place..............................................................16

1006 Rigid Covering on Walls.................................................................................................19

1007 Stairs and Sills.................................................................................................................26

1008 Flooring and Covering in "Wet Spaces"..........................................................................28

1009 Curing, Protection of the Tiling and Quality Control.......................................................30

1000.00 Flooring and Covering Works Take-Off Procedures.........................................................32

A "Blue Page" is attached to the Brochure – Directives to the Designer, which are not
part of the Contract.

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 10 (2001)

1000 General

1001 Scope of the Chapter

This Specification covers the material and workmanship quality of all kinds of flooring
and covering and applies to works throughout the building.

For terrazzo and granulated surfaces cast in place, see Sub-Chapter 1005 below.

For mosaic or ceramic covering, see Sub-Chapter 1006 below.

For flooring and covering in wet spaces (tiled roofs, showers, kitchen, toilets, ritual baths,
etc.), see Sub-Chapter 1008 below.

For concrete flooring slabs in roadways ("interlocking stones"), see Chapter 51 – The
Construction of Airport Runways, Roads and Public Squares.

For stone flooring and covering, see Chapter 14 – Stone Works.

1002 Standards

Besides whatever appears in paragraph "Materials and Workmanship Quality" of the

Israeli Government Contract for the Execution of a Structure by a Contractor (shelf 3210),
the list of the main Israeli Standards (SI) relevant to the present Chapter follows
hereinafter:

a. Israeli Standards

Standard No. Name of Standard

1 Portland Cement
3 Mineral Aggregates from Natural Sources
6 Terrazzo Floor Tiles or Stone Fragments
8 Precast Concrete Products for Flooring
19 Concrete Precast Kerb Stones and Channel Stones
42 Precast Reinforced Concrete Steps
314 Ceramic Wall and Floor Tiles
540 Resilient Chloric Polyvinyl Flooring Products
636 Textile Fabric Carpets: Quality Requirements
636.1 Textile Fabric Carpets: Fringed Carpets
636.2 Textile Fabric Carpets: Felt Tailored Carpets
755 Reactions to Fire of Building Materials – Testing Methods and
Classification
896 Chemical Additives to Concrete
918 Zinc Hot-Dip Coating on Steel Products and Cast Iron Products
1045 Thermal Insulation of Buildings
1098 Terrazzo Aggregates
1182 Precast Stairs of Reinforced Concrete
1229 Part 1 Rigid Foam Plastic for Thermal Insulation: Boards
1353 Ceramic or Glass Mosaics
1536 Materials for Sealing Joints and Cracks in the Building
1554 Terrazzo or Concrete Plates with Terrazzo Cladding or Stone Fragments

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Cladding for the Covering of Stairs

1555 Part 1 Mosaics and Ceramic Tiles System for Flooring and Covering Works in
Buildings: External Cover
1629 Floor Cover Systems with Terrazzo Floor Tiles
1920 Part 1 Plastering: General Requirements and Testing Methods for the
Plastering Mortar

b. Specifications of the Standards Institution of Israel

SII Specification 362, Bonding Materials for Ceramic and Mosaic Tiles: Bonding
Part 1 Materials for External Walls – Finished Mixture
SII Specification 431 Glue Concentrates for Bonding Ceramic and Mosaic Tiles on
External Walls

c. Foreign Standards

BS 1014 Specification for Pigments for Portland Cement and Portland Cement
Products

1003 Other Chapters

All that is said in the Chapters of the General Specification for Building Works indicated
below applies also to the present Chapter, in accordance to what is described in the
paragraph "Priorities between the Chapters of the General Specification," in Chapter 00 –
Preliminaries:

Chapter 00 - Preliminaries
Chapter 02 - Cast in Place Concrete Works
Chapter 03 - Precast Concrete Products
Chapter 05 - Waterproofing Works
Chapter 06 - Joinery and Steel Works
Chapter 07 - Sanitary Installations
Chapter 09 - Plastering Works
Chapter 14 - Stone Works
Chapter 50 - Concrete Surfaces
Chapter 51 - Airport Runways Construction, Roadways and Public Squares

1004 Samples

Besides whatever is stated in paragraph "Materials and Workmanship Quality" in the

Contract for the Execution of a Structure by a Contractor (shelf 3210) and according to the
requirements of the COR, the Contractor shall supply samples of each material or product
such as tiles, membranes, etc. Following approval by the COR within seven days, the
Contractor shall be entitled to order the required quantity of the said material or product.
Part of the sample (such as half a tile), signed by the COR and the Contractor shall be kept
in the COR office.

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 10 (2001)

The Contractor shall supply materials and products conforming entirely to the approved
sample – quality, appearance, etc.

1005 Testing Section

Should it be so required in the Special Specification, the Contractor shall prepare a testing
section at a location indicated by the COR.

The dimensions of the section shall be as required in the Special Specification. The
section shall be built of the same materials and by the same equipment that shall be used
in the course of the work.

The approbation of the testing section shall not release the Contractor from his
responsibility regarding the quality of the materials and of the workmanship according to
all the requirements of the Contract Documents.

1001 Materials

10010 General

The requirements for the materials (products and auxiliary materials) are detailed
hereinafter.

Requirements for finished products or materials are also detailed in the following sub-
chapters, as relevant.

The Contractor shall be responsible for compatibility between materials he shall use, for
instance between the sub-grade, the glue and the covering material in a covering system.

10011 Materials

100111 Cement

The cement shall meet the requirements of SI 1.

100112 Water

The water shall be drinkable.

100113 Sand for the sub-grade

The sand for the sub-grade shall be natural and clean sand.

100114 Cement-stabilized sand

A mixture of sand stabilized with cement shall comprise sand and cement at the rate of
100 kg cement (2 bags) for 1 cu.m. of sand.

100115 Mortar

a) Mortar for the tiling substrate:

The mortar under the floor tiles shall be based on cement without any lime. The
cement content shall be at least 250 kg for 1 cu.m. of ready mortar, with the addition

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of additives such as air-trapping additive, workability improvement additive or

polymer emulsions.

b) Mortar for the plastering shall be as stated in paragraph 10062 below.

100116 Special aggregates

Special aggregates shall be as required in the Special Specification and meet the
requirements of SI 1098.

100117 Additives

The additives shall meet the requirements of SI 896.

100118 Colors (Pigments)

Colors (pigments) used for granting a color to the mortar and the terrazzo mixture shall
meet the requirements of British BS 1014.

100119 Bonding materials for flooring and covering

The Bonding materials for flooring and covering shall be as detailed hereinafter:

a) Ready mixture for ceramic and mosaic tiles meeting the requirements of SII
Specification 362;

b) Glue concentrates shall meet the requirements of SII Specification 431;

c) The type of glue for bonding resilient flooring products shall be subject to the prior
approval of the flooring products manufacturer and the COR;

d) Cement-mortar prepared on the Site shall conform with the requirements of

paragraph 100115 above;

e) Other bonding materials, as per the details in the Special Specification.

10012 "Meda"

The concrete "meda" is a substrate layer made up of cement mortar composed of one part
of cement to three parts of sieved sand with the addition of an additive standing up to the
requirements of paragraph 100117 above.

The approval of the COR shall be required for the use of manufactured "meda."

"Leveling Meda" shall be defined in the Special Specification.

10013 Joints Filling Materials ("Roba")

The materials for filling the joints between the flooring and covering tiles (excluding
terrazzo tiles), are called in the profession "roba." Unless specifically otherwise required
in the Special Specification, the "roba" shall conform to its purpose, according to what is
stated hereinafter:

a) Unless otherwise stated, the color of the "roba" shall conform to that of the tiles.

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b) In usual horizontal surfaces and in vertical surfaces, the "roba" for the joints shall be
a normal industrialized "roba," ready-made, based on cement, to which water or a
polymer shall be added on the Site, as per the "roba" Manufacturer's instructions.

c) The filling materials for usual joints, in special outdoors and indoor surfaces shall
conform to the requirements of SI 1555, Part 1. They shall have a low capillary
absorptivity, allow the passage of water vapor, good bonding capability on the tiles
sides and stand up to various environmental conditions, as required in the Special
Specification (such as: basic and acid proofness, elasticity in meeting temperature
changes in kitchens, mildew-proofness, UV radiation-proofness, marine environment
proofness, etc.)

10014 Filling Materials in Expansion Joints

Expansion joints shall be sealed with elastic waterproofing material standing up to the
requirements concerning waterproofing materials named E 12.5, E 20, E 25 in SI 1536
and to the requirements of the Special Specification. The backing elements of the
waterproofing elements shall have rounded-off sections made of soft material, such as
foamed polyethylene.

10015 Materials for Thermal or Acoustic Insulation

The materials for thermal or acoustic insulation shall be as detailed in the Special
Specification.

10016 Precast Concrete Products for Flooring

Precast concrete products for flooring, flooring tiles and flooring slabs shall be as defined
in SI 8 and in conformity with the requirements of the Special Specification.

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1002 Terrazzo Tiles and Concrete Products Flooring

10020 General

The present sub-chapter deals with terrazzo or stone fragments floor tiles (conforming to
the requirements of SI 6).

All the tiles and precast products supplied to the Site shall conform to the samples already
supplied, as stated in paragraph 10004 above.

For outdoors flooring – see Chapter 51 – "The General Specification for the Construction
of Airport Runways, Roads and Public Squares."

10021 Flooring Preparation

Prior to the start of execution, the Contractor shall make sure that all the required
preparations have been completed, such as: door frames have been attended to, water
pipeline set into the area to be tiled insulated and protected, various drains installed,
electrical and control pipes installed, tiling backing prepared as required in the Special
Specification and the other Contract Documents.

10022 Thermal or Acoustic Insulation

The thermal or acoustic insulation shall be executed following to a Request and according
to Details in the Special Specification.

10023 Flooring Substrate

Unless otherwise specified in the Special Specification for thermal or acoustic insulation,
the Contractor shall execute a lower substrate layer consisting of sand, 6 cm thick at least.
Above that sand layer, a cement stabilized sand layer shall be set, as detailed in paragraph
10114 above.

The minimal thickness of this stabilizing layer shall be 3 cm.

The water content of the sand (in percentage of the weight) in the lower sub-grade layer,
shall be between 4% to 6%, in a drying test at a temperature above 105ºC.

10024 Flooring with Terrazzo Tiles

Unless otherwise specified, the tiles shall conform to the Type 1 cement type of SI 6, as
far as abrasion is concerned and to Type A as far as tolerated defects. The request for
basalt aggregate or color aggregate or for special dimensions shall be as detailed in the
Contract Documents. All the other requirements shall be as stated in SI 6.

The tiles shall be sorted out on the Site prior to the start of the tiling so as to ensure that
within defined areas, single color and texture are kept. The tiles shall be visually examined
prior to the start of tiling operation. All the tiles with surfaces or edges, which do not stand
up to the requirements shall not be used for tiling and be removed from the Site.

Moreover, each tile shall be inspected as it is being laid. All the defected, stained or
cracked tiles shall be rejected and removed from the Site, even if already installed at their
place. A light stain at the center of the tile shall be enough a reason for its rejection.

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The tiles shall be laid on a cement-stabilized substrate, as required in paragraph 10023

above.

The mortar for the tiling shall be as stated in paragraph 100115.

Unless otherwise stated in the Special Specification, the tiles shall be laid at right angles
and in straight and running lines. The joints shall be closed (the space between the tiles
shall be under 0.5 mm).

In the vicinity of openings and corners, along walls, etc., the tiles shall be cut as may be
required. The cutting of the tiles on the Site shall be performed by means of disk-saws.

Unless otherwise stated, in those places where there is a difference of level between
adjacent surfaces, the tiling shall be ended with a flat aluminum strip at least 30/3 mm,
well anchored. Next to doors opening outwards (entrance doors), gates, in expansion
joints or gates rails, the strip shall be executed according to the detail in the Drawing.

All the places where the tiles are laid over pipes running under the tiling, the work shall be
executed as stated in Chapter 07 – Sanitary Installations (paragraph "Regulations for the
Installation of Pipelines").

All those places where a trap or another accessory is installed in the tiling, the tiles shall
be cut around the trap or the accessory in a rounded or square shape, as close as possible
to the accessory or the trap. The cutting shall be achieved by means of an appropriate
cutting tool. The sealing of the intervals shall consist of an appropriate industrial "roba,"
as stated in paragraph 10013 above.

10025 Precast Terrazzo Skirting

The terrazzo skirting shall be of the same type as the terrazzo tiles, in the same color and
conform to the tiles surface texture. The height of the skirting shall be 7 cm or 10 cm, as
indicated in the Drawings or other Contract Documents.

The thickness of the skirting shall not exceed 12 mm. The skirting shall be set with full
thickness on the flooring tiles.

The joints between the skirting shall be a continuation of the joints between the tiles. The
edges of the contact between the skirting surface and the vertical plane to which they shall
be attached, shall be truncated at a 45º angle.

The skirting shall be cut-off in a clean contact line next to the door frames, according to
the details in the Drawings.

In those places where there is no plastering on the wall, the skirting shall have an upper
edge detailed in a clean way and be bonded to the wall by means of a glue as stated in
paragraph 10119 above. The skirting shall be bonded to exposed concrete walls, raisings,
gypsum walls and fair-faced masonry walls, in a way similar to that of the tiles.

Unless otherwise stated in the Special Specification, the skirting of all the walls and
raisings shall conform to the tiling material.

10026 Concrete Products Tiling (Tiling Slabs)

Tiling with tiling slabs (interlocking stones) shall be executed as stated in Chapter 51 –
"The Construction of Airport Runways, Roads and Public Squares."

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1003 Flooring with Ceramic Flooring Tiles

10030 General

The tiling with ceramic tiles shall be as detailed in the Special Specification, as indicated
in one of the two following methods:

a) Tiling by means of cement mortar;

b) Tiling by means of one brushed glue layer.

For tiling in wet areas, see Sub-Chapter 1008 below.

10031 Ceramic Tiles

The ceramic tiles for tiling shall entirely conform to SI 314 and be of the glazed or not-
glazed type, as indicated in the Special Specification. The glazed type shall in no case, be
of the type called in the Standard "reactive glazing tile." Unless otherwise indicated, the
tiles shall have a low absorptivity.

Unless otherwise stated, the tiles shall be of Type A, with at least average abrasion level,
as defined in SI 314. The ceramic tiles shall have uniform color and texture and all of
them shall conform to the sample approved by the COR.

All the tiles found to be bent or with damaged or cracked surface, broken edges, etc., shall
be removed from the Site. A damaged tile which has been installed shall be taken out from
its place and replaced by another tile.

The use of tiles made up of crushed mineral material, a filler and bonding material
subjected to pressure ("granite porcelain") shall conform to the requirements in the Special
Specification and to the approved sample.

10032 Preparation for Flooring by Means of Cement-Mortar

The preparation for the flooring shall be as stated above in paragraph 10021 in relation to
terrazzo tiles.

10033 Preparation for Flooring by Means of Glue

The preparation for the flooring shall be as required in the Special Specification.

10034 Flooring

The mortar for the tiling shall be as stated in paragraph 100115 above and be put on all the
surface of the tile (care shall be given to the full cover of the tile's surface in order to
prevent the edges of the tiles from breaking). From the other aspects, the tiles shall be
executed as stated in relationship to terrazzo tiles flooring, except for the joints.

The width of the joints between the tiles shall be at least 3 mm. The joints shall be filled
with industrial "roba." Unless otherwise stated, the color of the "roba" shall be identical to
that of the tiles.

For flooring by bonding, according to a requirement in the Special Specification, the

bonding material shall be as detailed in paragraph 10119 above.

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10035 Ceramic Skirting

The ceramic skirting shall be executed as stated above in paragraph 10025 in relation to
terrazzo skirting.

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1004 Flooring with Resilient Materials (including Carpets)

10040 General

All the materials shall conform with the requirements of the appropriate Standards. The
thickness of the material shall be as indicated in the Special Specification. Special
requirements such as: flammability grade of the material, electrical conductibility of the
material in function of the building's purpose or of the part in which the resilient material
flooring is executed, shall conform with indications in one of the Contract Documents.
The type of glue for the bonding, as well as its use shall be as stated in the Special
Specification and paragraph 100119 above.

Flooring with resilient materials shall be executed after the completion of all the other
activities that may impair the flooring and at a time to be agreed upon beforehand with the
COR.

Resilient materials for flooring not covered by one of the Israeli Standards indicated
below, shall be as required in the Special Specification.

10041 PVC Flooring

100410 General

PVC products shall conform to the requirements of SI 540 and be glued onto plane
surfaces (any other surface shall be described in the Special Specification), smooth, dry
and totally clean, which shall be referred to further on as "the substrate." The substrate
shall consist of one of the alternatives described below, unless otherwise stated in the
Special Specification.

100411 Preparations for PVC flooring on leveling "meda"

Preparations for PVC on concrete surfaces with a "leveling meda" on top of the surface to
be covered, a "leveling meda" shall be cast with the thickness required for leveling the
surface. The "meda" shall be installed according to the "meda" Manufacturer's
instructions.

100412 Preparations for PVC flooring on smoothened concrete

The preparations for PVC flooring on smoothened concrete shall consist of smoothening
the surface by means of a "helicopter" and curing it, according to the requirements of
Chapter 02 – "Cast in Place Concrete Works."

100413 Preparations for PVC flooring on concrete "meda"

The preparations for PVC flooring on concrete "meda" shall consist of the setting of the
"meda" and of the detailing of its surface according to the requirements of the
Specification, the levels and slopes shown in the Drawings, including requirements for
straightening and smoothening.

There shall be no steel reinforcement into the concrete "meda."

The concrete "meda" surfaces shall be cured during at least three days.

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100414 Preparations for PVC flooring atop tiles

The Contractor shall polish the tiled surface, smoothen it and fill in joints between the
tiles with wax, prior to the installation of the PVC

100415 Preparations for PVC flooring atop a soft substrate

The preparations for PVC flooring atop a soft substrate such as felt, sponge or timber shall
be as described in the Special Specification.

100416 Flooring with PVC membranes

The membranes rolls shall be unrolled and left alone until straightened. The room in
which PVC membranes are to be bonded shall be clean and dust-proof. The membranes
shall be fully bonded.

The membranes shall be set atop the substrate while their edges are bonded. Later on, the
contact lines shall be cut to a V shape. For stabilizing the membrane, pressure shall be
applied on the edges by means of weights or manually by means of a cylindrical roll.
Small air bubbles shall be released by piercing the membranes with a sharp tool.

Following the cutting of the lines, the membranes shall be welded by means of a welding-
machine specially adapted to PVC, functioning with hot air. The welding shall be
executed with a special string made of the same material and of the same color. Prior to
the welding, the cut lines shall be thoroughly cleaned. Following the welding operation
and while the material is still hot, the joints shall be straightened by means of a special
knife.

100417 Flooring with PVC tiles

The bonding of the tiles shall be achieved in a way similar to that of the membranes
bonding, except for the welding of the edges. The end of the flooring next to the walls
shall consist of tiles sections. The thickness and dimensions of the tiles shall be as
indicated in the Drawings or the Bill of Quantities.

The bonded surface shall be rolled by means of a cylindrical hand-roller. Special care
shall be given to the compaction of the edges of each tile, to be executed by hammering
with a rubber hammer.

The tiles shall be adjacent one to the other and their lines straight and running.

100418 PVC skirting

PVC skirting shall be bonded both to the floor and the wall. Rigid skirting (timber, etc.)
shall be anchored by means of appropriate stainless steel screws and nails, or as required
in the Special Specification.

10042 The Laying of Carpets

100420 General

The Contractor shall submit a Certificate attesting that the carpets he wishes to supply
according to the requirements of the Special Specification, stand up to the requirements of
SI 636.

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The type of carpets and their various properties such as: thickness, weight, bonding
materials, etc., shall conform to the requirements of the Special Specification and be
submitted to prior approval by the COR before their ordering by the Contractor.

The laying of the carpets shall be executed after the completion of all the works in the
building, according to the type of carpet and to what shall be required in the Special
Specification.

The preparation of the substrate for the laying of carpets shall be in accordance with what
shall be required in the Specification and in above paragraph 10041 – PVC Flooring.

The layout direction of the carpet and the location of the seams shall be submitted to the
approval of the COR. The layout direction shall not be changed in that same space. The
carpets shall be bonded by means of contact glue or acrylic glue, according to the
recommendation of the carpet's Manufacturer.

Seams between carpets edges shall be executed by the Double Cut method.

In the seam between the carpet and flooring of another material, an appropriate finishing
section shall be installed. Unless otherwise specified in the Contract Documents, the
section shall be of anodized aluminum, in a suited color.

Felt carpets shall only be laid by gluing. All other types of carpets may be just laid or
bonded, as required in the Special Specification.

Prior to the handing over, the carpets shall be vacuum-cleaned.

100421 The laying of carpets by bonding

The laying of carpets by bonding shall be carried out on a concrete surface "helicopter"-
smoothened and cured, as required in Chapter 02 – Cast in Place Concrete Works.

Prior to the bonding, the carpets shall be unrolled and left alone for a few hours, according
to the Manufacturer's recommendations. The minimal glue quantities shall be as follows:

- Acrylic Glue: 300 grams per sq.m.

- Contact Glue: 220 grams per sq.m.

For the bonding of a carpet with contact glue, the floor as well as the underside of the
carpet shall be covered with the glue, in a uniform spreading that shall cover the whole
surfaces. In the course of the laying, attention shall be given to prevent waving.

Following the laying of the carpet, it shall be compacted by means of an appropriate

roller.

Stitched carpets skirting shall have a finish stitched with an appropriate tread.

In bonded carpets atop stairs, at each meeting between treads and risers, appropriate
"locking" as well as "hose protector" sections shall be added, made of aluminum, into
which the carpet shall be inserted. The sections shall be anchored into the substrate by
means of spiking bolts, as detailed in the Drawings.

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100422 The laying of carpets by stretching

Should it be so required in the Special Specification, a crossed polyethylene or floccules

sponge substrate shall be glued on the surface, prior to the stretching of the carpets.

As preparation for the laying of the carpets, they shall be unrolled on the entire surface to
be covered, a few hours prior to their stretching. The stretching of the carpet shall be
accomplished by means of appropriate instruments and shall include its attachment to the
rulers followed by the fixation of the rulers.

The Contractor shall stretch the carpets by means of nailed wooden rulers as defined in the
Special Specification (or by any other means that shall receive prior approval by the
COR). The rulers shall be fixed unto the floor along the whole perimeter of the room by
means of nails or screws at 15 cm intervals and at a distance of 5-10 mm from the wall.

At junctions and corners, the screws and nails shall be set at a distance of 5 cm from the
edge of each ruler. The quantity of screws and nails, their diameters and lengths shall be
according to what shall be stated in the Special Specification.

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1005 Terrazzo and Granulated Surfaces Cast in Place

10050 General

The terrazzo surfaces shall be executed as described below.

The required terrazzo and granulated textures, the type and size of the aggregates, the
color of the cement, the division into the casting of various surfaces and the material for
the dividers shall be according to the Contract Documents.

10051 Terrazzo Surfaces

100511 Substrate and casting of terrazzo

The substrate for the casting of the terrazzo in place shall be made of concrete of at least
B-20 grade. The finish of the substrate shall be uneven. The thickness of the concrete
substrate shall be according to the finishing layer but not less than 4 cm. The terrazzo
layer shall meet, at least, the abrasion requirements detailed below.

In accordance with what shall be stated in the Special Specification, pigments or special
aggregates shall be added to the terrazzo layer. The inner layer and the color of the
terrazzo layer after its polish, shall correspond to the samples approved beforehand by the
COR. The aggregate shall meet the requirements of SI 1098, the cement shall be Portland
cement standing up to the requirements of SI 1. The pigments materials (colors) shall be
as required in above paragraph 100118.

The colors shall be mixed with cement until a uniform color shall be obtained and later on
this mixture shall be mixed with the aggregates and the water, until a mixture uniform in
consistency and color is obtained. The addition of pigments shall be done according to the
directives of the pigment's Manufacturer. The maximal quantity shall not exceed four
percent of the cement's quantity.

100512 Casting of the terrazzo in place

The casting of the terrazzo in place shall be performed according to one of the methods
described hereinafter:

a) If the application shall be carried out according to the paragraph "Method for casting
two continuous layers" in Chapter 10 – Construction of Airport Runways, Road and
Public Squares Concrete Surfaces, the allowed length of the side shall be between
100 to 150 cm, depending on the Site's conditions (indoor or outdoor casting, large
temperature differences and the size of the terrazzo aggregate).

Prior to the start of the casting of the terrazzo's substrate, the concrete shall be
thoroughly cleaned and moistened. The substrate layer and the terrazzo layer shall be
cast "fresh on fresh," as indicated in Chapter 50 – Concrete Surfaces (the method of
two continuous layers). The thickness of the terrazzo layer shall be at least 1.5 cm
after the grinding.

b) Whenever the terrazzo layer is set directly on the existing concrete substrate further
to its cleaning and moistening, the length of the side in one field shall be between 80
to 100 cm subject to the climatic conditions in above paragraph a).

In any case, the ratio between the length and the width of the ribs in one field shall not
exceed 1.1 to 1.5.

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All the surfaces, except for the smallest surfaces or for very short strips, shall be divided
into fields or sections by means of dividers. The dividers shall be made of a copper alloy,
aluminum or glass, as indicated in the Drawings and the Special Specification. The
dividers dimension shall not be less than 30/3 mm and their section shall correspond to
that of the surface they divide. The location of the dividers shall be shown in the Drawings
and they shall be set upright and strongly into the substrate layer while it is still plastic.

The dimensions of the fields, the shape and length of their sides shall be as required in the
Drawings and the Special Specification. Should there be no indication of dimensions in
the Special Specification for the execution of the dividers, the Contractor shall perform the
divisions as stated above.

The terrazzo layer shall be polished at least twice. The first polishing, with carborundum
stone, shall be done on the day following the casting under permanent moisture. Prior to
the second polishing (and the third one, if required), a cement mixture with a composition
similar to that used for the terrazzo but with "marble flour" instead of fine aggregate, shall
be spread on the surface. The spreading and the polishing, the second and third ones, shall
be done by means of a carborundum stone finer than the first one and under permanent
moistening. The polishing of dry terrazzo shall not be allowed.

Unless otherwise stated in the Special Specification, the quality of the performed surfaces
shall be of Type B and their abrasion resistance of Type 3, as defined in relation to stairs
risings in SI 1182.

Window sills, cornices, parapets, etc., shall be detailed including water-drops and
according to the sections and slopes shown on the Drawings. Sills, thresholds, etc., having
a length of over 1.2 m shall be divided into strips as above.

The cast in place terrazzo skirting shall end up with a rounded edge at their upper edge
and on the sides.

100513 Curing of the Terrazzo

Upon completion of the casting and detailing work, the terrazzo areas are to be kept in a
humid state for at least seven days.

10052 Cast in Place Granulated Surfaces

100520 General

All the preparations for the execution of granulated surfaces including the preparation of
the mixture, the execution of the casting and of the curing (excluding the finish of the
surface), besides what is stated in above paragraph 10051 – Terrazzo Surfaces, shall be
done as stated in the paragraph below.

100521 Substrate, composition and thickness of granulated layer

The granulated layer shall be cast on RC surfaces with rough finish, as stated in the
Special Specification. The granulated layer shall be performed not earlier than 48 hours
following the concrete casting.

The aggregate used for the upper layer shall conform to the samples approved beforehand
by the COR. Prior to the start of work, the Contractor shall prepare a number of samples,
so as to enable the COR to choose the wanted sample.

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The chosen aggregate shall be spread out in a uniform way atop the surface so that the
whole area shall be covered with aggregates. The minimal thickness of the layer shall be
twice the size of the largest aggregate. Following the casting operation, when a uniform
surface is obtained, hardening retarding material, previously approved by the COR, shall
be sprinkled or brushed. The spreading shall be executed at the end of the casting on
concrete finish surfaces only.

Should a granulated surface with colored backing be required, pigments (colors) shall be
used as detailed in paragraph 100511 above.

100522 Exposure of granulated surfaces

The execution of the exposure of granulated upper aggregates shall start at a time that
shall enable brushing and washing without exposing the other aggregates or removing
them from their place. Should it be so indicated in the Contract Documents, the exposure
of the aggregate shall be carried out by careful sand blasting or any other procedure
approved by the COR.

Granulated surfaces with non-uniform pattern, cracked or damaged in any way, shall be
rejected.

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1006 Rigid Covering on Walls

10060 General

The present sub-chapter describes the requirements for rigid coverings on indoor and
outdoor walls. The coverings are executed in place.

The materials for the covering consist of ceramic tiles standing up to the requirements of
SI 314 and to additional limitations in SI 1555, Part 1; ceramic or glass mosaics shall
stand up to the requirements of SI 1353.

The surface of the tile shall not exceed 0.10 sq.m.

The method for the covering shall be bonding, as described below. Should there be no
requirements detailed in the Special Specification for the bonding material, the bonding
material shall conform with the requirements of above paragraph 100119.

The covering shall be glued unto plastering used as an intermediate layer or directly unto
the backing, as required in the Special Specification.

The covering works shall start not earlier than 28 days following the completion of the
backing.

10061 The backing of the covering

100610 General

Backing: wall, column or any part of the building to be covered.

Substrate: the layer upon which the bonding layer shall be set.

The backing of the covering, which is being dealt with in this Specification, consists of
concrete, concrete blocks, cellular concrete blocks, or lime blocks walls. For indoor
covering, the backing may also be a gypsum blocks or plates walls.

Whenever the backing is not suitable for direct bonding of the rigid coverings, the
Contractor shall execute a backing as detailed below.

100611 Preparation of the backing in outdoor walls

The preliminary works on the backing shall not start earlier than two weeks following the
completion of the casting and masonry building works. The surfaces to be covered shall
be straight with allowed deviation tolerances in the substrate plane, smaller than ±15 mm,
when measured with a 2 m long ruler.

The preparation of the backing, should it be required in the Special Specification, shall
include the execution of plastering as an intermediate layer.

Prior to the start of work, the backing shall be prepared by sealing holes and cracks,
removing protuberances; the approbation that the surface is plane and ready for plastering
shall be needed. The sealing shall be well cured prior to the issue of permission to start the
plastering operation. Any visible reinforcement on inner or external surfaces shall be dealt
with in accordance with the COR's instructions.

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Following the sealing of the holes, it shall be checked whether the surface is plane within
the deviations mentioned above.

10062 Plastering as Intermediate Layer on External Walls

The intermediate layer shall include a thrown layer and a straightening layer. On concrete,
it shall be allowed to perform the bonding of the ceramic tiles directly on the concrete or
on a lower thrown layer, or on an insulation layer set on thermal bridges as detailed in
paragraph 100632 below, all as required in the Special Specification.

Unless otherwise specified in the Special Specification, the plastering of the intermediate
layer shall conform to the requirements detailed hereinafter:

One day before the execution of the plastering works, the backing surface shall be
moistened until saturation, however not until water runs off the wall. In the vicinity of the
sea, the watering of external walls shall be specially taken care of in a very thorough way.
In the hot season, the backing surface shall be watered twice – a light watering only –
prior to the actual start of the plastering works. Special care shall be given to the watering
of cellular concrete blocks and sand-lime blocks.

The thickness of the lower thrown layer of the plastering shall be 5±1 mm.

The thickness of the straightening layer at any point shall not be less than 8 mm and not
exceed 30 mm.

Whenever the thickness of the straightening layer exceeds 30 mm but is under 50 mm,
unless otherwise stated, the layer shall include a steel mesh reinforcement as stated in
paragraph 100631 below.

In such places where a thickness of over 50 mm is required, the work shall be executed
according to a Special Specification.

The width of joints in the structure shall remain as their width in the existing structure.

The curing of the intermediate layer shall include the moistening of the intermediate layer
at least twice a day during the first five days of the curing period.

The composition of the plastering layers shall be as detailed in Table 1 with the addition
of the following instructions and directives:

a) For setting on particularly smooth backing, an additive improving the bonding of the
plastering to the backing shall be added to the mortar used for the lower thrown
layer.

For setting on particularly perforated backing, an additive improving the water

trapping capability of the mortar shall be added to the mortar used for the lower
thrown layer.

b) The mortar for the straightening layer shall include an additive improving
workability and bonding.

c) The sand in the mortar for the lower thrown layer shall be natural sand. The use of
quarry sand shall be allowed only for mortar for the straightening layer, provided that
the dust content in it shall not exceed 35%.

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d) Lime shall not be used in any of the external plastering layers.

Table 1 – Mortar for external plastering serving as a substrate to rigid coverings

Minimal Cement
The Layer Volume Ratio Content (kg/cu.m. Additives
of Fresh Mortar)
Additives may be added in
1:2.5-3
Lower thrown quantities as directed by the
cement to natural 350
layer additives Manufacturer's
sand
directives
The mixture shall contain
1+additive:3-3.5
Straightening additives in quantities as
cement + additive 350
layer indicated in the additives
to sand
Manufacturer's directives

10063 Reinforcement and Thermal Bridges in the Intermediate Layers

100631 The use of reinforcement mesh

Whenever the coverings backing does not meet the resistance requirements for the
execution of rigid coverings, such as in the case of cellular concrete blocks, or whenever a
reinforcement is required in the straightening layer, as stated in paragraph 10062 above,
the Contractor shall install a hot-dip zinc galvanized steel mesh following the welding.
The galvanization shall be as stated in SI 918.

In corrosive environment, such as not further than 500 m from the sea, or in an area with
chemical plants, the Contractor shall install, atop external walls, such meshes as described
above but made of stainless chloride-proof steel (such as "Palbam" 316L).

In the absence of a requirement in the Special Specification, the total surface of the re-bars
sections shall be 0.2 sq.cm. for each 10 cm of mesh (in both directions). The distance
between the bars shall not exceed twice the thickness of the straightening plastering layer
and not be larger than 50 mm.

The mesh shall be kept at a distance of at least 10 mm from the backing wall and covered
with a straightening mortar layer at least 10 mm thick.

The mesh shall be anchored to the backing by appropriate means, while the strength of
each anchoring to the backing shall be at least 80 kg. The way the mesh shall be anchored
to the wall shall be as required in the Special Specification. The distance between the
anchors shall not exceed 30 cm.

100632 Thermal bridges

The thermal bridges shall be as they are defined in SI 1045.

Unless otherwise stated in one of the Contract Documents, the Contractor shall install
insulation on the thermal bridges. On all the concrete surfaces: columns, walls, beams,
slabs edges, etc. of external walls. The insulation shall consist of polystyrene M boards for
thermal insulation meeting the requirements of SI 1229, Part 1, while the compressive
strength of the board shall not be less than 0.1 Megapascal, the fire reaction classification

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of the boards at least B 2.1.2 as per SI 755 and their specific mass not higher than 20
kg/cu.m. The polystyrene boards shall have a minimal thickness of not less than 20 mm.
The boards shall be bonded to the concrete by means of appropriate glue.

On top of polystyrene boards the Contractor shall install a plastering layer, a lower thrown
layer and a straightening layer, as stated in paragraph 10062 above, including a
reinforcement mesh as stated in paragraph 100631 above.

10064 Rigid Coverings on External Walls

100640 General

Rigid coverings on external walls shall consist of ceramic tiles or glass mosaics. The
covering material shall be as required in the Special Specification. The Contractor shall
perform the covering only after the backing and substrate of the external walls surface
shall be found to be suited for the installation of the covering, as stated in paragraph
10062 above.

100641 Covering

The testing of the compatibility of the backing and the substrate to the installation of the
rigid coverings shall be accomplished according to the requirement in the Special
Specification.

The wall to be covered shall be smooth and plane, as required in Table 3 below.

The covering of the first row or of the first rows of the external covering close to the
ground, shall be executed as shown in the Drawings' details.

The bonding of the mosaics and the removal of the paper shall be carried out according to
the directives of the mosaics Manufacturer.

Unless otherwise specified in the Contract Documents, the covering shall be in straight
and running lines in both directions, the tiles having uniform sizes.

The tiles shall be bonded with glue, as required in the Special Specification and according
to what is stated in above paragraph 100119.

The cutting of the tile shall be smooth, "toothless" and carried out by a mechanical cutting
tool.

The detailing of the corners or the use of corner sections or sections with upper detailed
edge shall be according to the requirements and as detailed in the Special Specification.

Openings for pipes and accessories shall be created by detailing holes in the tiles by
means of appropriate tools.

The use of broken tiles shall not be allowed. The edges of tiles coming into contact with
joinery and metal works shall be most carefully executed.

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100642 Joints

The width of the joints between the ceramic tiles shall be at least 4 mm. The width of the
joints between mosaic plates shall be identical to that of the joints between the mosaic
tiles on those plates, as required in SI 1353, so as not to stress out the outline of the plates.
The Contractor shall use appropriate spacers in order to obtain the required distances.

Unless otherwise stated in the Contract Documents, the dilatation joints shall be executed
as follows:

a) Constructive Joints – Dilatation joints passing through the building shall also pass
through the whole covering system, through the intermediate layer, the bonding
layer, the ceramic or mosaic tiles as well as the filling and waterproofing materials in
the joints which all together represent the cover of the backing. The joints shall pass
through straight lines and have the designed width;

b) Intermediate Joints for the release of stresses in the covering system – intermediate
joints shall be installed at each intersection of planes (such as: inner and outer
corners). Unless otherwise stated, the distances between horizontal joints as well as
between vertical joints shall be between 3 to 5 m. The horizontal joints shall be at the
height of the underside of the ceilings.

Intermediate joints shall pass through the bonding layer and the tiles;

c) Separation Joints – for absorbing movement changes in the contact between various
backing materials or covering materials shall pass through the bonding layer and the
tiles only. The separation joints shall be set in those places where the backing
material changes and in places where the tiles come into contact with components of
the building such as windows, lighting boards, etc.

The width of the intermediate joints and the separation joints shall be 6 mm at least.

Tiles shall not be bonded to the joints.

Upon completion of the covering works, the joints between the tiles shall be filled with
industrial "roba," as indicated in the Special Specification and stated in paragraph 10013
above.

10065 Rigid Coverings on Inner Walls

100650 The backing for the covering

Whenever the backing consists of gypsum boards or blocks, the rigid coverings shall be
glued directly on the internal covering backing.

The backing of the covering consisting of other materials shall be executed as stated in
above paragraph 100611.

100651 Plastering as intermediate layer on inner walls

Unless otherwise stated in the Special Specification, the plastering of the intermediate
layer (except for a backing of gypsum blocks and plates) shall be executed according to
the requirements formulated hereinafter:

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One day before the start of the plastering work, the surface of the backing shall be
moistened up to saturation, however not until water starts running out from the wall. In the
hot season, the backing surface shall be moistened again – slightly only – prior to the
actual start of the plastering work. Special care shall be given to the moistening of cellular
concrete blocks and sand-lime blocks.

The composition of the lower thrown layer shall be as indicated in Table 1 above.

The thickness of the lower thrown layer of the plastering shall be 5±1 mm.

The thickness of the straightening layer at any point shall not be less than 8 mm and not
exceed 30 mm.

Whenever the thickness of the straightening layer exceeds 30 mm but is under 50 mm,
unless otherwise stated, the layer shall include a steel mesh reinforcement as stated below.

In such places where a thickness of over 50 mm is required, the work shall be executed
according to a Special Specification.

The composition of the plastering layers shall be according to one of the alternatives
stated in Table 2 below, with the addition of the following instructions and directives.

In the absence of a requirement in the Special Specification, the straightening layer shall
be executed with a volume ratio of 1 cement + additive to 5 sand, as stated in Table 2
below.

a) Should it be so required in the Special Specification or whenever the required

intermediate layer shall be 30 mm thick, the substrate shall be reinforced with
appropriate reinforcement meshes, as stated in paragraph 100631 above;

b) For installation on a particularly smooth substrate, an additive improving the bonding

of the plastering to the substrate shall be added to the mortar used for the thrown
layer.

For installation on a particularly cellular substrate, an additive improving the air-

trapping capacity of the mortar's water shall be added to the mortar for the thrown
layer;

c) The mortar for the straightening layer shall include an additive for improving
workability and bonding;

d) The sand in the mortar of the lower thrown layer shall be natural sand. The use of
quarry sand shall be allowed only in the mortar for the straightening layer, provided
that the powder content in it shall remain under 35%;

e) Constructive joints shall keep their existing width in the building and be executed as
shown in the Drawings;

f) The curing of the intermediate layer shall be carried out by watering the intermediate
layer at least twice a day during the first 15 days of the curing period.

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Table 2 – Mortar for inner plastering serving as a substrate to rigid coverings

Minimal Cement Additives

The Layer Volume Ratio Content (kg/cu.m.
of Fresh Mortar)
The mixture shall include
1 cement + additives in quantities
Straightening 220
additive to 5 sand indicated in the additives
layer manufacturer's directives
1 cement
1 lime paste (*) 180 -
6 sand
Remarks to the Table: (*) 1 liter of lime paste shall be obtained from 1.3 liter of lime
powder or 0.85 kg of lime powder

100652 Execution of rigid covering on inner walls

The execution of the covering shall be as stated in above paragraph 100641.

10066 Installation of Accessories

Accessories such as soap-holders, handrails, hand-dryers, liquid soap dispensers, toilet

paper holders, hooks, mirrors, etc., shall be installed following the requirement and
according to the details in the Special Specification.

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1007 Stairs and Sills

10071 Precast Stairs

Three types of precast stairs shall be distinguished:

a) Single stair – Resting on two supports or console stair as detailed in SI 42 and

meeting all the requirements of SI 42 and according to one of the following
alternatives:

1) with no covering;

2) with terrazzo covering;

3) with granulated covering meeting the requirements of above Sub-Chapter 1005

4) with stone fragments or stone plate covering.

b) Flight of stairs– As defined in SI 1182 and meeting all the requirements of SI 1182.

c) Precast plates – For the treads and the risers.

Unless otherwise specified the stairs in the three types shall be terrazzo covered as
detailed in paragraph 100511 above and shall be abrasion proof to the Type 2 level
defined in SI 1182 for the tread of the stair. All the stairs types shall meet the
requirements of Type A in SI 1182 for the tolerated defects.

Terrazzo or concrete plates with terrazzo or stone fragments covering for the covering of
stairs shall be as required in SI 1554.

The stairs shall be manufactured and laid according to the Drawings and the details in the
Contract Documents. For the execution of landings covered with cast in place terrazzo,
see paragraph 10051 above. For the execution of landings covered with stone tiling, see
Chapter 14 – Stone Works.

10072 Finish of Precast Plates

Visible edges of the precast plates (tread or riser) shall be tool-polished in neat and
straight lines. Should the plates be cast of separate units, the finish of the visible edges
shall be neat after the removal of the formwork or polished as stated above. The corners
shall be truncated at 45º or rounded-off.

10073 Stairs Cast in Place

Stairs cast in place shall be made of at least B-30 concrete with reinforcement, as
indicated in the Drawings. The finish shall be with terrazzo, as stated in paragraph 10051
above.

10074 Sills

Unless otherwise stated, precast sills shall be covered with terrazzo on all the visible parts,
polished into a uniform and smooth slope, without cracks, holes or other defects. The edge
of the sill, which protrudes from the wall on three sides, shall be detailed with rain water-
drop. The sills shall be leveled and installed exactly according to the slope required in the

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Drawings. Unless otherwise required in one of the Contract Documents, the window-sill
shall protrude outwards by at least 1 cm.

The spaces between the sill and the window, as well as between the sill and the masonry
around shall be filled with water-repellant elastic synthetic putty, that shall be approved by
the COR.

The window-sills cast in place shall consist of concrete of at least the B-20 type with
reinforcement, as shown in the Drawings. The finish shall consist of terrazzo, as stated in
Sub-Chapter 1005 above.

The window-sills shall conform to SI 1554 and be executed as required in the Drawings
and the Special Specification.

Sills made up of other materials shall be according to a Special Specification.

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1008 Flooring and Covering in "Wet Spaces"

10080 General

Wet areas are defined as areas subject, from time to time, to humidity or to a high rate of
water conditions, such as: public kitchens, tiled roofs, open terraces, or balconies without
awnings, toilet rooms, laundry rooms, etc., as well as areas of split-level stories found
under spaces commonly used.

The flooring of freezer rooms shall be executed according to a Special Specification.

10081 Preparatory Works Prior to the Flooring

100811 Concrete bond-beam

Along the periphery of the surface defined as wet floor, on the line separating it from the
dry surfaces, bond-beams (raisings) shall be cast on the floor slab. The bond-beams shall
also be cast at the bottom of walls and partitions existing in the wet areas. Unless
otherwise shown in the Drawings, the bond-beams shall have the width of the walls or the
partitions and be 4 cm high above the designed flooring level. The concrete for the bond-
beams shall be B-20 at least. The bond-beams shall also be cast around penetrations into
the floor and the various pits (except in passages). In passages between openings (doors,
etc.), the upper line of the bond-beam shall be at the level of the flooring bonding.

The transition from wet areas to dry ones shall be stepped and executed according to the
Drawings. The edge of the wet area shall be 0.5 cm lower than that of the dry area, in the
contact line.

100812 Waterproofing of the floor

Following the completion of the bond-beam as required in paragraph 100811 above, prior
to proceeding with the execution of the flooring, the Contractor shall make sure that
waterproofing was performed as required in Chapter 05 – Waterproofing Works.

100813 Filling-in Concrete

Prior to the execution of the filling-in concrete, the Contractor shall make sure that all the
required preparations have been performed as required in paragraph 10021 above and that
particular care was given to the conformity of the drainage outlet level to that shown in the
Drawings.

The filling-in concrete shall be at least B-20 with aggregates of not more than 10 mm.
Should there be a request for it in the Special Specification, the Contractor shall add to the
mixture, additives for improving the watertightness of the substrate and synthetic fibers
for preventing plastic cracking. No reinforcement steel shall be set into the filling-in
concrete.

The thickness of the filling-in concrete layer shall be according to the Drawings but at
least 4 cm. The slope rate shall be as indicated in the Drawings.

The filling-in concrete shall be cured as indicated in Chapter 02 – Cast in Place Concrete
Works. The surface of the filling-in concrete shall be smoothened, without bulges nor
depressions.

Slopes shall not be formed by means of sand, sand and cement, aggregates, Ytong, etc.

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The final levels of the filling-in concrete shall fit the final levels of the flooring.

10082 Flooring

The flooring of the floor shall be as stated in the Special Specification, for ceramic
flooring tiles and as stated in paragraph 10031 above, for terrazzo tiles. The terrazzo tiles
shall meet the requirements of SI 6.

In public kitchens, the ceramic tiles shall have a minimal thickness of 11 mm and be
highly abrasion-proof. In other public buildings, they shall be highly abrasion-proof.

Unless otherwise stated in the Special Specification, the tiles shall be set at straight angles
and in straight passing through lines.

On top of the filling-in concrete, the tiles shall be bonded by means of mortar or glue as
stated in paragraph 100119 above and as required in the Special Specification.

A gap of at least 4 mm shall be left between the ceramic tiles. This gap shall be filled, to
the full height of the tile with "roba" as stated in paragraph 10013 and as required in the
Special Specification.

For terrazzo flooring tiles, the joints shall be closed (the gap between the tiles shall not
exceed 1 mm). Bonding materials of the terrazzo tiles shall be as stated in paragraph
100119 above.

The cutting of the ceramic around fittings shall be at a distance of 4 mm between the edge
of the fitting and the fitting. The cutting shall be executed by means of diamond cutting
disk. The filling of the gap down to the fitting shall be carried out to the whole thickness
of the tile, with "roba," as stated above.

10083 Indoor Covering with Ceramic Tiles

Besides what is stated in paragraph 10065 above, the contact between the horizontal
surface and the vertical covering above it (skirting or wall), shall have a width of at least 4
mm and be filled continuously along the whole length of the contact line and the whole
thickness of the tile, with appropriate silicone putty approved by the COR.

10084 Watertightness Testing

In tiled roofs and in open balconies, watertightness tests shall be carried out as detailed in
Chapter 05 – Waterproofing Works.

The test shall be performed prior to the execution of the tiling.

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1009 Curing, Protection of the Tiling and Quality Control

10090 General

Following the completion of the flooring or the covering, the surfaces shall be clean, of
uniform color and without stains.

Should other works still be under execution following the completion of the tiling works,
the tiling shall be protected by appropriate means.

The cleaning of the flooring with running water or by flooding shall not be allowed.

10091 Plastic Materials

Following the completion of the work, the area shall be thoroughly washed with approved
cleaning materials, then dried and after that waxed with a protective paste specially suited
to plastic materials, as recommended by the Manufacturer of the flooring material.
Surfaces covered with plastic materials shall be protected means approved by the COR,
until the completion of the building and its handing over.

The cleaning of anti-static PVC floors shall be executed according to the details in the
Special Specification.

10092 Cast in Place Terrazzo

All the terrazzo surfaces cast in place, including vertical surfaces, shall be kept in humid
conditions during at least seven days from following the day on which the last polishing of
the upper layer was carried out. Following that, all the areas shall be protected from
rubbish or damage that may impair them in the course of the execution of the work.

Cracks in terrazzo surfaces may be a cause for rejecting the surface.

10093 Cast in Place Concrete

Flooring sections completed by means of cast in place concrete shall be cured according to
the rules detailed in Chapter 02 – Cast in Place Concrete Works.

10094 Stairs and Landings

Stairs and landings shall be protected by means of timber planks or similar means, in a
stable way, so that they may not be damaged until the final cleaning of the building.

10095 Tolerated Deviations

The tolerated deviation is the difference between the nominal dimension and the actual
dimension. The deviations shall be measured using a standard ruler, 2 m long, water level
and plumb bob.

The deviation in planeness shall be measured alongside the ruler in various directions,
both on flooring and covering. Planeness deviation consists of the maximal gap between
the bottom of the ruler and the surface. In any case, a designed slope rates shall be
maintained.

Tolerated deviations shall not exceed the values shown in following Table No. 3.

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Table 3 – Maximum Tolerated Deviations (in Millimeters)

Parameter Planeness Designed Height Differences

Area along 2 m Level Between the Tiles

Floor tiles 2 ±3 1/2

PVC membranes 2 ±2 0 at the contact line
Ceramic covering 3 ±3 1
Terrazzo cast in place in 2 ±2 0 at the contact line
horizontal surfaces

Remarks: The above does not refer to the passage from the wet spaces to the dry ones.
For deviations in backings and substrates, see paragraph 100611 above.

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1000.00 Flooring and Covering Works Take-Off Procedures

1000.1 General

The various types of flooring and covering works shall be measured net, according to the
floored or covered area.

1000.2 Contents of the Unit Prices

The prices of the flooring and covering works include, besides what is stated in the
paragraph "Unit Price Contents" in Chapter 00 – Preliminaries, the following matters:

a) The preparation of the sites for the execution of the flooring and covering work, such
as cleaning, leveling, removal of protuberances, smoothening, etc., as well as the
inspection needed for making sure that all the required preparations have been
carried out, including the sorting out of materials and products, as required in the
Special Specification;

b) The filling, in accordance with the requirements of the Specification for the flooring
system, except for floors in wet spaces;

c) One thrown layer and one straightening layer, for the covering works of walls, if
required, including reinforcement meshes and their fixing to the backing, excluding
thermal bridges;

d) The bonding materials for the flooring, the skirting and the covering;

e) The laying of the flooring, the covering and the skirting as required in the Drawings,
both when the request is for combining tiles of various dimensions and when there is
a request for joints of any width;

f) The filling of joints between the tiles, as specified, including in wet areas;

g) The detailing, cutting, completion and adjustment needed at the edges of surfaces,
around columns, pipes, next to doors, windows, corners, sections and finishing
sections of wall covering, etc.

h) The curing and the protection of the integrity of the work, as specified;

i) The grinding of the cast in place terrazzo works, as specified;

j) The cleaning at the end of all the flooring and covering works, including the use of
industrial vacuum cleaners.

1000.3 Testing Section

Should there be a request in the Special Specification for a testing section, the first section
executed by the Contractor shall not be accounted for. Additional sections that the
Contractor shall be requested to perform, shall be accounted for according to their
measurement.

The take-off and payment for testing sections not included in the Special Specification
requirements, shall be based on paragraphs existing in the Contract.

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1000.4 Filling-in Concrete

The filling-in concrete shall be taken off net in sq.m. of horizontal projection; the price
shall also include the execution of slopes, as specified.

1000.5 Flooring

The flooring shall be measured in sq.m., with the indication of the type, thickness,
material and dimensions of the tiles.

Small or narrow flooring areas shall be included in the total area of the flooring.

For the flooring and covering in wet spaces, see paragraph 1000.28 below.

1000.6 Thermal Insulation

Thermal insulation shall be taken off in sq.m., with the indication of the type and
thickness.

1000.7 Acoustic Insulation

Acoustic insulation, should it be required in the Special Specification, shall be taken off in
sq.m., with the indication of its type and thickness.

1000.8 Constructive Joints

Constructive joints shall be taken off in meter lengths. The price shall include all that is
required for the preparation of the joint.

1000.9 Skirting

The skirting shall be taken off in meter lengths, with the indication of type and height.

1000.10 Raisings

Raisings (for cabinets, pits, etc.) shall be taken off in meter lengths, with the indication of
height. The price shall also include the construction of the threshold. Skirting set upon the
raising shall be taken off as indicated in paragraph 1000.09 above.

1000.11 Separation Joints

Separation joints for cast in place terrazzo shall be taken off in meter lengths with the
indication of the joint's material and its section.

For Division joints, see paragraph 1000.21 below.

1000.12 Wall Coverings

Wall coverings shall be taken off net in sq.m. with the indication of the covering material
and its dimensions. Indoor covering and outdoor covering shall be measured separately.
Small or narrow covering surfaces, such as window jambs or recesses shall be included in
the total area of the covering.

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1000.13 Curved Walls Coverings

The covering of curved walls (with curved projection on horizontal surfaces) shall be
taken off in sq.m., with the indication of the covering material and its dimensions, while
indoor and outdoor coverings are considered separately.

1000.14 Accessories on Covered Walls

Accessories on covered walls such as soap-holders, toilet paper holders, handrails, hand-
dryers, liquid soap dispensers, hooks, mirrors, etc., shall be taken off per unit. Their
surfaces shall not be deducted from the surface of the covering.

1000.15 Thermal Bridges

Thermal bridges shall be taken off in meter lengths with the indication of their width. The
price shall also include the insulation layer and the bonding of the reinforcement meshes
as well as their anchoring, as required in the Special Specification.

1000.16 Resilient Materials Flooring

The flooring with membranes or tiles of resilient material including carpets shall be taken
off in sq.m. with the indication of the flooring material and its dimensions. The prices
shall also include putty, glue and the spreading of a protective paste on the PVC.

1000.17 "Meda"

The "meda" shall be taken off in sq.m. with the indication of its type and the details in the
Drawings.

1000.18 Soft Substrate for Resilient Materials

Should a soft substrate for resilient materials be required in the Special Specification, it
shall be taken off separately, in sq.m., with the indication of its type and thickness.

1000.19 Skirting for Resilient Flooring

Skirting for resilient flooring shall be taken off in meter lengths. The price shall include
all that is stated in Sub-Chapter 1004 above. The above applies also to wooden skirting.

1000.20 Sections for Fixing and Finishing Carpets

Sections for fixing and finishing carpets shall be taken off in meter lengths, with the
indication of the material and its section. The price shall also include all the fixation
accessories (bolts, screws, etc.).

1000.21 Cast in Place Terrazzo Surfaces

Cast in place terrazzo surfaces shall be taken off in sq.m.

The price includes also the dividers of any type of material as specified or shown in the
Drawings. It shall also include the substrate layer, the terrazzo, pigments if required, the
grinding, the formation of water-drops, all as described in Sub-Chapter 1005.

The structural concrete shall be accounted for in Chapter 02 – Cast in Place Concrete
Works.

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1000.22 Cast in Place Terrazzo Strips

Cast in place terrazzo strips shall be taken off in meter lengths. The definition of a strip
shall apply to areas with a width under 40 cm. Areas separated by dividers, even if they fit
the above description, shall not be considered as strips to be taken off but as part of the
whole area and measured in paragraph 1000.21 above.

The price includes all that is stated in paragraph 1000.21 above.

The structural concrete shall be taken off in Chapter 02- Cast in Place Concrete Works.

1000.23 Sills

Sills may be measured according to two alternatives:

a) per unit, with the indication of their dimensions, or the detail in the Drawings;

b) per meter lengths, with the indication of their section.

Unless otherwise specified, they shall be taken off in meter lengths.

1000.24 Shower Areas

Terrazzo in shower areas shall be taken off as units, with the indication of their
dimensions. The price shall include the formation of slopes, the skirting and the detailing
of the edges around the water outlets. The surface of the area shall be deducted from the
total flooring area.

The waterproofing under the flooring shall be taken off separately, see paragraph 1000.05
above.

1000.25 Ditches (Troughs)

Ditches within the floored area shall be taken off in meter lengths, with the indication of
the dimensions, the type of material, the section and the developed width of the ditch. The
price shall also include the cover of the ditch with the indication of its material and the
details in the Drawings. The surface of the area in which the ditch is built shall be
deducted from the flooring area.

1000.26 Precast Stairs Covered with Terrazzo

a) Single stairs shall be taken off as units, with the indication of the section's
dimensions and their length, as well as of the detail in the Drawings. A distinction
shall be made between stairs fixed unto the wall and stairs freely set;

b) Precast plates of treads and risers shall be taken off as units with the indication of
section and the length of each one of them;

c) Stairs precast flights shall be taken off as totals with the indication of the number of
stairs in the plate or of the detail in the Drawings;

d) Cast in place concrete stairs shall be taken off in Chapter 02 – Cast in Place Concrete
Works.

The price of the stairs shall also include, in any case, the concrete and its reinforcement.

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1000.27 Cast in Place Granulated Surfaces

Cast in place granulated surfaces shall be taken off in sq.m. and the price shall also
include the substrate. The type of aggregate shall be indicated as well as whether there is a
request for the cement's color. The price shall also include the dividers of any type of
material, as specified in paragraph 100512 above or as indicated in the Drawings.
Granulated ditches and narrow strips shall be measured in the same way as described
above in relation to cast in place terrazzo.

The structural concrete shall be taken off in Chapter 02 – Cast in Place Concrete Works.

1000.28 Wet Spaces Flooring and Covering

Wet spaces flooring and covering shall be measured separately in sq.m., with the
indication of the type, the thickness and the dimensions of the tile. The price shall also
include all what is detailed in Sub-Chapter 1008 above, excluding the filling-in concrete
that shall be taken off as stated in the Take-Off Procedures of Chapter 05 – Waterproofing
Works.

1000.29 Concrete Bond-Beams on the Periphery of Wet Spaces

Peripheral concrete bond-beams in wet spaces shall be taken off according to the take-off
rules in Chapter 02 – Cast in Place Concrete Works.

1000.30 Waterproofing under the Flooring

Waterproofing under the flooring in wet areas, or in any other place where it is requested
to execute it, shall be measured as stated in the Take-Off Procedures of Chapter 05 –
Waterproofing Works.

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