UNIT 7: FURTHER EDUCATION

Part I. PHONETICS
Exercise 1. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the
other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
1. A. degree B. doctorate C. graduate D. kindergarten
2. A. bachelor B. chapter C. chemistry D. teacher
3. A. culture B. student C. institution D. university
4. A. appreciate B. psychology C. programme D. respectively
5. A. academic B. apply C. apology D. achieve
Exercise 2. Mark the letter A, B, c, or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the
position of primary stress in each of the following questions.
6. A. biology B. geography C. education D. relationship
7. A. broaden B. provide C. pursue D. succeed
8. A. college B. degree C. language D. subject
9. A. analytical B. opportunity C. qualification D. university
10. A. bachelor B. diploma C. internship D. scholarship
Part II. VOCABULARY
Exercise 3. Mark the letter A, B, c, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
11. It is not easy at all to get a good job without any __________ qualifications.
A. Academic              B. social              C. great                   D. favourite
12. At the _______ level, you can join three-year or four-year colleges.
A. Primary                B. secondary              C. postgraduate             D. undergraduate
13. Hugh is quite worried because he hasn’t ________for the end-of-term test.
A. Examined               B. researched              C. studied                 D. read
14. Any pupil caught______ was made to stand at the front of the class.
A. Misbehave              B.misbehaved          C. misbehaviour           D. misbehaving
15. They_____ sacrifices so that their only child could have a good education.
A. Made                      B. did                         C. provided                     D. lent
16. A university is an institution of higher education and research, which grants ______ degrees at all levels in a
variety of subjects.
A. Secondary                B.optional               C. academic                 D. vocational
17. You have to be highly ________ to do well in these subjects.
A. Competitive               B. competitor            C. competition           D. competed
18. I can’t cope well _____ all the homework I’ve got to do!
A. On                           B. of                       C. about                        D. with
19. ______education normally provides undergraduate and postgraduate education, as well as vocational
education and training.
A. Intermediate             B. Primary            C. Secondary             D. Tertiary
20. You’11 find plenty of books on the __________ of business studies in the library.
A. Lesson                 B. subject                   C. curriculum              D. schedule
21. I wonder if you could tell me who was awarded the ________ .
A. Scholar              B. scholastic              C. scholarship           D. scholarly
22. My dad said that I’d better spend more time on my __________ .
A. Student                 B. studied               C. studious                D. studies
23. He has got a degree _______ Iníòrmation Technology from Oxford University.
A. In                     B. for                            C. on                           D. of
24. I don’t really ______ the point of taking the exam when you are not ready for it.
A. Annoy                B. have                   C. see                       D. take
25. If you’re not sure what “something” means, look it__________ in the dictionary.
A. For                       B. out                    C. at                          D. up
26. Mrs Dawson said that we are __________ our lesson in the library next Monday.
A. Going                   B. having              C. making                    D. reading
27. My dad wants me to go to university, but I’m in __________ minds about it.
A. Different               B. my                  C. some                         D. two
28. Yesterday, we had a discussion _____ different cultures.
A. About                       B. around                C. for                       D. from
29. I still have a lot______ about the English language.
A. For learning              B. of learning            C. learning              D. to learn
30. Belinda missed a few months of school because of illness and found it difficult
to keep ______ with her classmates.
A. On                 B. off                    C. down                     D. up
31. If you need to _____ the teacher’s attention, just put up your hand.
A. Attract               B. pay                 C. take                   D. pull
32. I did six hours of _______ for the test, but I still failed.
A. Education             B. survey               C. revision                 D. training
33. Please, don’t forget _______ your essays during Friday’s lesson.
A. Hand in                B. handing in             C. to hand in            D. to handing in
35. If’s my ______ ceremony next week; I think my parents are looking forward
to it more than I am.
A. Graduation               B. graduate             C. graduating             D. graduates
36. Going to university is expensive because in addition to the tuition______ ,
there are expenses for accommodation, books, living costs, etc.
A. Grants             B. fees                 C. fares                      D. scholarships
37. When I got to 16, sorae of my ữiends left school to get a job, but most _______
A. Dropped out               B. moved back                C. got in            D. stayed on
38. The more ______ you have, the more chance you have of finding a better job.
A. Courses            B. contributions      C. qualifications                D. qualities
39. Next year, I have to decide which area of medicine I want to _________ in.
A. Come                  B. focus                 C. hand                    D. specialise
40. I got a diploma in business administration, but still sometimes wish I had been
able to go to university and get a _________.
A. certificate                  B. diploma                    C. degree                 D. scholarship
Exercise 4. Mark the letter A, B, c, or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined
word(s) in each of the following questions.
41. When you sit for the exam tomorrow, try to stay calm and relaxed,
A. Answer                 B. take                 C. make                    D. write
42. If the examiner can’t make sense of what your essay is about, you’ll get the low mark.
A. Declare                B. estimate                 C. communicate            D. understand
43. If you want to get a high mark on a test, review the material carefully beforehand.
A. performance                B. score                   C. figure               D. note
44. Some students only cram for tests when there is little time left, so their results are not satisfactory.
A. Prepare in a short period                          B. prepare in a long time
C. Prepare well                                             D. prepare badly
45. My application for the scholarship has been turned down because the transcript of marks is not satisfactory
enough.
A. Cancelled              B. postponed            C. reduced               D. rejected
Exercise 5. Mark the letter A, B, c, or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined
word(s) in each of the following questions.
46. Students also have the opportunity to choose from a wide range of optional courses in the university.
A. mandatory                  B. selective                 C. free              D. limited
47. Tom did miserably on the final test, which caused a shock to everyone in the class.
A. Took                 B. sat for               C. failed                    D. passed
48. Schools are more relaxed nowadays as discipline is less tough than before.
A. Accurate               B. severe                   C. strict                 D. loose
49. Well, Mrs Baker, you’ll be pleased to hear that George has made a dramatic improvement in geography.
A. Meaningful              B. important           C. insignificant            D. steady
50. Most of the students in our country are interested in pursuing higher education to get bachelor’s degrees.
A. Following                 B. giving up              C. trying               D. interrupting
Exercise 6. Mark the letter A, B, c, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
(present perfect and present perfect continuous)
51. I _______ English for five years. I study it at school.
A. Have been learning           B. have learnt C. Learnt                   D. am learning
52. You can have your book back now. I _________it.
A. Have been reading            B. have read C. Had read              D. read
53. You look upset. ______ you ______ ?
A. Are-crying B. Do-cry C. Have – been crying D. Have – cried
54. How many times ______ you ______ that international conference?
A. Did – attend         B. do – attend C. Have – been attending       D. have – attended
55. I_______ for my math textbook all day, but I _______ it yet.
A. Have been looking/haven’t found B. Have looked/haven’t found
C. Have been looking/haven’t been finding D. Have looked/haven’t been finding
56. Mum _______ all morning. She ______ lots of Christmas presents.
A. Has shopped/has bought B. Has been shopping/has bought
C. Has been shopping/has been buying D. Has shopped/has been buying
57. Kevin______ his homework, but he ________ it yet.
A. Has been doing/hasn’t been finishing B. Has done/hasn’t finished
C. Has been doing/hasn’t finished D. Has done/hasn’t been finishing
58. Pete _______ at Midfield Secondary School since 2006, but he________music in his lessons twice.
A. Has been teaching/has only played B. Has been teaching/has only been playing
C. Has taught/has only been playing D. Has taught/has only played
59. I_______ the biography of Robbie Williams, but I’m on page 50.
A. Have read             B. have been reading C. Had read                  D. was reading
60. Jimmy can go out when he ________for the exam.
A. Has been studying          B. has been studied C. has studied              D. studied
61.I _______ the latest Harry Potter book all day. I’m dying to know what happens in the end!
A. Am reading         B. have been reading C. Have read               D. had read
62. So far I ________any of the exams at school.
A. Haven’t been failing       B. hadn’t failed C. Didn’t fail               D. haven’t failed
63. We______ our classroom for the upcoming Teachers’ Day, but there’s still a
lot to do.
A. Are decorating            B. decorated C. Have been decorating      D. have decorated
64. Margaret ________ in the school marathon for charity before.
A. Has never run       B. never runs C. Never ran            D. has never been running
65. My brother graduated from Hong Kong university of Science and Technology
last month and________ for a job since then.
A. Has been looking  B. has looked
C. Was looking                             D. had looked
66. Tim ________ for the scholarship to study abroad in the USA at least twice.
A. Applied               B. is applying            C. has been applying           D. has applied
67. All the students________ for their academic transcripts all this week, but they______ them yet.
A. Have waited/haven’t received B. Have been waiting/haven’t received
C. Have waited/haven’t been receiving D. Have been waiting/haven’t been receiving
68. I _______ for the information about the differences between further education and higher education all this
morning.
A. Had searched       B. have been searched C. Have been searching  D. have searched
69. It’s the first time you ________ an Online course, isn’t it?
A. Had ever taken     B. have ever been taking C. Ever took                D. have ever taken
70. The teacher________ the speaking task on the board, so now the students are
discussing it.
A. Has already been writing                    B. has already written
C. Already wrote                                          D. had already written
71. Sandy_______ his sister since she________ to university in 2014.
A. Hadn’t seen/went        B. hasn’t been seeing/went
C. Didn’t see/has gone                    D. hasn’t seen/went
72. They_______ to Spain for an educational exchange and won’t be back until
the end of this month.
A. Have gone                   B. went            C. have been going                 D. is going
73. Poor Tracy! She _______ that essay for hours now and she still ________ .
A. Has written/hasn’t finished B. Has been writing/didn’t finish
C. Has been writing/hasn’t finished D. Has written/hasn’t been finishing
74. Tom and Mary are still discussing the math exercise with each other because
they__________ how to do it.
A. Aren’t working out                        B. haven’t worked out
C. Haven’t been working out            D. didn’t work out
75. I _____ reading a wonderful book about space travel.
A. Just finish                                      B. just do finish
C. have just finished                        D. have just been finishing
76. As a rule, you shouldn’t argue with your hosts unless they __________ something openly offensive.
A. Had said            B. have been saying C. Have said               D. would say
77. Noah Webster ____ an American Dictionary of the English Language in two
volumes in 1823, and since then it _______ the recognised authority for usage
in the United States.
A. Published/became              B. has published/has become
C.Published/was becoming          D. published/has become
78. She _________ of great help to us because she for su ch a long time with us.
A. Has been/had lived                  B. has been/has been living
C. Has been/lived                            D. was/has lived
79. I________the book yet so I can’t tell you what happens.
A. Haven’t finished                  B. haven’t been finishing
C. Didn’t finish                          D. hadn’t finished
80. Peter has been a junior clerk for three years. Lately he _____ for a better post but so far he ______ anything.
A. Looks/hasn’t found B. Have looked/haven’t found
C. Has been looking/hasn’t found D. Has looked/hasn’t found
Exercise 8. Mark the letter A, B, c, or D to indicate the correct response to each of the following
exchanges.
91. “Could you pass that book over to me, please?” – “ ________ ”
A. Yes, of course. B. No, why not? C. Actually, 1’m busy. D. Yes, go ahead.
92. “If I were you, I would apply for the scholarship to the university of
Melbourne.” – “ _______ ”
A. I’m not afraid so.        B. Noway! C. I guess I should.              D. I hope so.
93. “I hear you’ve passed your exam. Congratulations!” – “_______ ”
A. What a pity!        B. You’re welcome. C. I’m alright.                    D. Thank you.
94. “Why do you choose French as your second major?” – ” _______ “
A. Because it’s quite like English. B. Because they are friendly.
C. I don’t really care. D. It’s nice to say so.
95. “Can I have a quick look at your lecture notes?” – “ _________ ”
A. Of course not today. B. So far, so good!
C. No, I don’t think so. D. Sorry, I’m using them myself.
96. – “Let’s go to the Dr. Millet’s seminar on learning styles this afternoon!”
A. I wish I could but I’m busy then. B. Learning styles are really subjective.
C. Thanks, I won’t. D. I would if I were you.
97. – “Mom, I’ve received an offer for a summer internship in Singapore!”
A. Really? Good luck! B. Oh, that’s great! Congratulations!
C. I couldn’t agree more. D. Oh, I’m sorry to hear that.
98. “Sorry, I’m late! May I come in, Miss Millie?” – “ ________”
A. Yes, come in, please! B. Not right now.
C. Let’s do it! D. I guess so.
99. “What an imaginative essay you’ve written, Matt!” – “ __________ ”
A. That’s the least I could do. B. Actually, I don’t mind.
C. Thanks, it’s nice of you to say so. D. Sorry, just my luck!
100. – “It was very kind of you to help me with the difficult homework!” – “_____”
A. Oh, don’t mention it. B. Sony, I don’t know.
C. That sounds nice. D. Thanks a lot.
101. “Do you mind if I use your dictionary for a while?” — “_________ ”
A. Yes, I don’t mind. B. No, I don’t think so.
C. Yes, go ahead. D. No, go right ahead.
102. “Work harder or you’ll fail the exam!” – “ ________ ”
A. Oh, that’s fine for me!                    B. Thanks, I will.
C. That sounds great!                          D. Sure, go ahead!
103. ” I’m sorry, teacher. I’ve left my exercise book at home today!”- ” ______“
A. I’m afraid, you can’t. B. Well, don’t do that again next time.
C. No, of course not. D. I hope you won’t.
104. “Shall I lend you a hand with the survey questionnaire?” – “ _______”
A. Yes, I’d love to. B. That sounds interesting
C. Sure! That would be great help! D. How about tomorrow?
105. – ” I’ll celebrate my graduation party this weekend. Could you come?” – ” ______”
A. Yes, of course, I will. B. How can this be?
C. The more, the merrier. D. Great work! Keep up!
Part V. READING
Exercise 9. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to
each of the questions.
One way of training for your future occupation in Germany is by pursuing a dual vocational training
programme. Such programmes offer plenty of opportunity for on-the-job training and work experience.
Programmes usually last between two and three and a half years and comprise theoretical as well as practical
elements. You will spend one or two days a week, or several weeks at once, at a vocational school where you
will acquire the theoretical knowledge that you will need in your future occupation. The rest of the time will be
spent at a company. There you get to apply your newly acquired knowledge in practice, for example by learning
to operate machinery. You will get to know what your company does, learn how it operates and find out if you
can see yourself working there after completing your training.
This combination of theory and practice gives you a real head start into your job: by the time you have
completed your training, you will not only have the required technical knowledge, but you will also have hands-
on experience in your job. There are around 350 officially recognised training programmes in Germany, so
chances are good that one of them will suit your interests and talents. You can find out which one that might be
by visiting one of the jobs and vocational training fairs which are organised in many German cities at different
times in the year.
Employment prospects for students who have completed a dual vocational training programme are very good.
This is one of the reasons why this kind of training is very popular with young Germans: around two thirds of
all students leaving school go on to start a vocational training programme.
(Source: http ://www. make-it-in-germany. com)
106. Which of the following is probably the best title of the passage?
A. Employment Opportunities and Prospects in Germany
B. Higher Education System in Germany
C. Dual Vocational Training System in Germany
D. Combination of Theory and Practice in Studying in Germany
107. The word “it” in the first paragraph refers to _________ .
A. Company          B. machinery          C. knowledge           D. organisation
108. Which of the following statements best describes the dual vocational training programmes?.
A. These programmes consist of an intensive theoretical course of two and a half years at a vocational school.
B. These programmes require you to have only practical working time at a certain company.
C. These programmes offer you some necessary technical skills to do your future job.
D. These programmes provide you with both theoretical knowledge and practical working experience.
109. The word “hands-on” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to _________.
A. Theoretical              B. practical            C. Technical              D. integral
110. How many German school leavers choose this vocational training programme?
A. Well over 75%                   B. around one out of five C. Less than a third              D. about 70%
Exercise 10. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, c, or D to indicate the correct answer to
each of the questions.
Do you think education is better now than it was in your grandparents’ time? Many older people in the UK
believe the opposite. “Schools were better in our day,” they complain. “There isn’t enough discipline these days.
Kids don’t work as hard as we did, either. The syllabus isn’t as challenging, so clever students aren’t being
stretched enough. They need to study things in greater depth. Exams are much, much easier now as well.”
Were schools better years ago? Some British teenagers travelled back in time to a 1950s boarding school. They
got a big surprise! The first shock came when the teenagers met their new teachers. Dressed in traditional black
gowns, they look so frosty and uncaring! They were really authoritarian, too, so anyone caught breaking the
rules – talking in classes, mucking about in the playground or playing truant – was in big trouble! Punishments
included writing ‘lines, or staying after class to do detention. The naughtiest kids were expelled.
Things were just as bad after class. At meal times the students had to endure a diet of plain, no-nonsense,
healthy food. Homework was obligatory and it took ages! Copying essays off the Internet wasn’t an option, as
personal computers didn’t exist in the 1950s!
At the end of ‘term’ everyone sat 1950s-style exams. The old exams were  much longer than their twenty-first
century equivalents and involved learning huge amounts of facts by heart. History papers were all dates and
battles. Maths papers were trickier, too; calculators weren’t around in the 1950s, so the students had to
memorise multiplication tables and master long division. Our candidates found this really difficult.
The exam results surprised a lot of people. Students predicted to do well in their real-life, twenty-first century
exams often got low grades in the 1950s exams. Does this prove modern exams are too easy? Do twenty-first
century kids rely too much on modem technology, like calculators and computers? The TV series of That ‘ll
teach ‘em! focused on a 1960s vocational school. UK school-kids study a range of academic subjects these days.
But in the 1960s, children judged to be less ‘able’ went to vocational schools. These helped them learn job
skills. Boys studied subjects like metalwork, woodwork or gardening. In some classes, they even learned how to
milk goats! The girls’ timetables included secretarial skills. They also learned to cook, clean and sew – probably
not much fun for most girls.
(Source: Activate! B2)
111. What criticism is sometimes made about modem education in the first paragraph?
A. Teachers aren’t strict enough.
B. The syllabus is out of date.
C. There’s too much stress on exams.
D. The teaching methods are not good enough.
112. The word “authoritarian” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to
A. Inexperienced                       B. impolite
C. Unreasonable                          D. strict
113. Which of the following statements is TRUE about the food the students ate at school?
A. It wasn’t cooked properly.                    B. It wasn’t delicious.
C. It wasn’t nutritious.                                D. There wasn’t much of it.
114. The word “obligatory” in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to .
A. Compulsory                     B. difficult             C. long                 D. complicated
115. According to the passage, how did exams in the 1950s differ from those in the twenty-first century?
A. They covered more subjects.
B. It took students less time to do them.
C. There was more to remember.
D. They were less difficult.
116. What was surprising about the students’ results after taking the 1950s-style exams?
A. All the students found the exams difficult.
B. Students didn’t do as well as expected.
C. Students who were predicted to fail did rather well.
D. Students did better than twenty-first century exams.
117. The word “these” in the last paragraph refers to_________ .
A. School-kids           B. subjects             C. series                D. vocational schools
118. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Vocational schools provided poorer children with equipment.
B. Vocational schools took children who were good at studying.
C. Vocational schools prepared students for employment.
D. Vocational schools were a complete waste of time.
Exercise 11. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, c, or D to indicate the correct word or
phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
GAP YEAR
In the professional or career world, a gap year is a year before going to college or university and after finishing
high school or (119) _________ a year off before going into graduate school after completing a bachelor as an
undergraduate. (120 ) ____ this time, students may engage in advanced academic courses, extra-academic
courses and non-academic courses, such as yearlong pre - college math courses, language studies, learning a
trade, art studies, volunteer work, travel, internships, sports and more. Gap years are sometimes considered a
way for students to become independent and learn a great deal of (121 ) _________ prior to engaging in
university life.
Australians and New Zealanders have a tradition of travelling overseas independently (122) _______ a young
age. In New Zealand, this is known as “doing an OE” (Overseas Experience). Sometimes, an OE is (123)
_______ to one year, but often Australians and New Zealanders will remain overseas for three to five years,
with many working short-term in Service industry jobs to fund their continuing travels. Europe and Asia are
popular destinations for doing an OE. In Australia, through exchange programmes and benefits for youth, there
are so many opportunities for a young person to broaden their (124)____ through travel in a gap year.
(Source: https://en. wikipedia.org)
119. A. calling B. going C. taking D. turning
120. A. During B. When C. While D. By
121. A. responsible B. responsibility C. irresponsible D. irresponsibility
122. A. at  B. on C. in D. for
123. A. distributed B. used C. spent D. limited
124. A. head B. mind C. brain D. memory
Exercise 12. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, c, or D to indicate the correct word or
phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
EXAM OR CONTINUOUS ASSESSMENT?
How do you feel when you sit an exam? Do you always succeed in getting all your ideas down on paper, or do
you sometimes feel that you’re (125) ________ a mess of it? (126)______ from those lucky few who sail
through exams, most secondary school pupils find them very stressful. Many teachers are (127) ______ of the
problems their students face and use a different method for measuring their progress: continuous. With
continuous assessment, students are.given (128)_______ tasks to do throughout the year. All their marks are
added together to produce a total mark (129) __________ the end of the year.
Students have to (130)______ more responsibility for their education because they can’t rely on doing well on
just one day. Also, they have more time to think over their work, meaning that they are able to do their best.
(Source: Destination B2)
125. A. doing B. having C. making D. taking
126. A. Apart B. According C. Except D. But
128. A. variety B. intelligent C. recognisable D. knowledgeable
129. A. at B. various C. vary D. variably
129. A. at B. on C. in D. from
130. A. do B. get C. make D. take
UNIT 8: OUR WORLD HERITAGE SITES
Use reduced relative clauses in place of the relative clauses
1. Be sure to follow the instructions that are given at the top of the page.
@......................................................................................................................................................................................
2. Students who arrive late will not be permitted to enter the classroom.
@......................................................................................................................................................................................
3. John, who was taken by surprise, hardly knew what to say.
@......................................................................................................................................................................................
4. The people who are waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet.
@......................................................................................................................................................................................
5. We drove along the road that was still flooded after the heavy rain.
@......................................................................................................................................................................................
6. The first scientist who is researching the causes of cancer is making progress.
@......................................................................................................................................................................................
7. The wild ox which is kept at Nam Cat Tien National Park is of a special kind
@......................................................................................................................................................................................
8. The helicopter which was flying toward the lake made a low droning sound.
@......................................................................................................................................................................................
9. The winner of the marathon, who was breathing deeply and smiling at the crowd, raised her right hand and
waved.
@......................................................................................................................................................................................
10. Any student who does not want to go on the trip should inform the office.
@......................................................................................................................................................................................
11. Do you know the woman who is coming toward us ?
...................................................................................................................................................................................
12. The people who was waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet.
...................................................................................................................................................................................
13. I come from a city that is located in the southern part of the country.
...................................................................................................................................................................................
14. They live in a house that was built in
...................................................................................................................................................................................
15. He was the first man who left the burning building.
...................................................................................................................................................................................
16. The couple who live in the house next door are both college professors
...................................................................................................................................................................................
17. The people who are waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet.
...................................................................................................................................................................................
18. The students who did not come to the class yesterday explain their absence to the teacher.
...................................................................................................................................................................................
19. Did you get the message which concerned the special meeting ?
...................................................................................................................................................................................
20. Lan is the second student who entered the classroom this morning.
...................................................................................................................................................................................
21. The psychologists who study the nature of sleep have made important discoveries.

Choose the correct answer.
1. The students____ for the train are good ones.
A. waited B. waiting C. which is waiting D. to wait
2. This is the seventh person____ late.
A. coming B. to come C. come D. all are correct
3. The woman _______next door is a famous singer.
A. lives B. who live C. living D. that living
4. The house ______ in the storm has now been rebuilt.
A. destroyed B. destroying C. which destroyed D. that is destroyed
5. The man ______ at the blackboard is our teacher.
A. stood B. stands C. standing D. to stand
6. Tom was the last ______the classroom yesterday.
A. to leave B. leaving C. left D. leaves
7. Linda was the last student ______ at the oral exam.
A. to be asked B. asking C. asks D. to ask
8. The bridge _____ by French architects is very nice.
A. was designed B. designing C. to design D. designed
9. The ring ______ is made of gold and diamond.
 A. she is wearing it B. he gave it to her C. Linda like D. she is wearing
10. The ring ______ is made of gold and diamond.
A. she is wearing it B. he gave it to her C. Linda like D. she is wearing
11. I have a message for people __________ by the traffic chaos.
A. to delay B. who delay C. delayed D. who delaying
12. I live in a pleasant room ____________ the garden.
A. to overlook B. overlooking C. overlooked D. which overlooking
13. Melanie was the only person __________ a letter of thanks.
A. wrote B. written C. to write D. writing
14. The pilot was the only man __________ after the crash.
A. was rescued B. rescued C. rescuing D. to be rescued
15. We are talking about the girl who used to be a Miss World.
A. The girl about whom we are talking used to be a Miss World.
B. We hardly know a girl who used to be a Miss World.
C. The girl who used to be a Miss World said that she knew you.
D. We know the girl who used to be a Miss World.
16. He told her about the book. He liked it best.
A. He told her about the book which he liked it best.
B. He told her about the book which he liked best.
C. He told her about the book whom he liked best.
D. He told her about the book whose he liked best.
17. The old man is working in this factory. I borrowed his bicycle yesterday.
A. The old man is working in this factory which I borrowed his bicycle yesterday.
B. The old man whom is working in this factory I borrowed his bicycle yesterday.
C. The old man whom I borrowed his bicycle yesterday is working in this factory.
D. The old man whose bicycle I borrowed yesterday is working in this factory
18. He is believed _______by terrorists two months ago.
A. was killed B. to be killed C. being killed D. had been killed
19. The weather is expected ______ good tomorrow.
A. will be B. to be C. is D. being
20. The police report that four people ______ in the accident.
A. to be injured B. to have been injured C. are injured D. were injured
21. She’s the woman_______________ sister looks after the baby for us.
A. who B. which C. that’s D. whose
22. That’s the doctor for________________ Cliff works.
A. that B. which C. whom D. whose
23. Marie,______________ I met at the party, called me last night.
A. that B. whom C. which D. whose
24. I remember Alice,______________ rode the bus to school with.
A. I B. whom I C. which I D. who
25. I used to enjoy the summer, ______________ we had a big family picnic.
A. where B. when C. which D. that
26. Tell me about the city ______________ you grew up.
A. that B. where C. which D. ø
27. Anna found the book that ________________ wanted at the bookshop.
A. ø B. where C. she D. which
28. Please remember to take back to the library all the books _____________ are due this week.
A. ø B. that C. when D. they
29. The students are reading some books____________ are on disasters.
A. who B. whom C. which D. whose
30. The children__________are playing in the yard are Mr Brown’s nephews.
A. whom B. that C. which D. where
VOCABULARY UNIT 8
I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined.
1. a.intact b. dynasty c. citadel d. royal
2. a. heritage b. passage c. teenage d.package
3. a. distinctive b. diversity c. irresponsible d. islet
II. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentences.
1. The vegetation layers in Cat Ba Archipelago form spectacular and scenic landscapes and make the site
become…….of all Vietnam's typical ecosystems.
A. home B. house C. scenery D. basis
2. Hoi An Ancient Town is preserved in a remarkably state.
A. damaged B. unspoiled C. intact D. Unharmed
3. The_______items in. Con Moong Cave are now kept in Thanh Hoa Museum for preservation and displaying
work.
A. excavating B. excavated C. excavation D. excavator
4. No fluorescent lights, no motorcycles, no television, on the 15th day of each lunar month, the riverside town
of Hoi An……….. modern life the night off.
A. gives B. lets C. brings D. turns
5. Located in Hoang Dieu Street, Hau Lau has ………architecture of the Eastern and Western styles.
A. abundant B. authentic C. mixed D. complex
6. The nearly 4-hour……… from Ha Long Bay to Cat Ba Island afforded us visits to well-known caves and
beaches.
A. travel B. vacation C. Boating D. cruise
7. My Son Sanctuary is an area with Hindu-like architecture and art.
A. covering B. covered C. which covered D. to cover
8. Son Doong Cave is the largest cave in the world ……. in Phong Nha - Ke Bang
National Park.
A. which discovered B. discovering C. to discover D. to be discovered
9. The distinction of the Khai Dinh Tomb is the unique architecture…… the art of Rococo and the Vietnamese
style.
A. combined B. combining C. to be combined D. which combine
10. The Temple of Preah Vihear in Cambodia is composed of a series of sanctuaries ______ by a system of
pavements and staircases over an 800 metre long axis.
A. linked B. linking C. to link D. being linked

III. Fill in each blank in the passage with the correct word from the hot. There are some extra words.
site - civilization - relies – culture- layers - representatives - archaeologists - evolution
Con Moong Cave is located in the South of Mo Village, Thanh Yen Commune, Thach Thanh District, Thanh
Hoa Province, lying in the area of Cuc Phuong National Park. Con Moong is an airy and nice cave. The 1….
….have excavated the southwestern entrance which exists in site the evidence of ancient 2……….
Con Moong archaeological 3……….is really a key for the understanding of Viet Nam and Southeast Asian
prehistory. It has confirmed the continuation of artful technique to make cobble tools with representatives from
Son Vi Culture to Hoa Binh Culture and then Bac Son Culture. Con Moong Cave may show the 4……..of
human beings from the end of Old Stone Age, transiting through the Middle Stone Age. to the beginning of
New Stone Age; from hunting and gathering to planting and breeding. Getting rid of primitive age to evolve
5……….age.
IV. Rewrite the sentences replacing the relative clauses with participle or to-infinitive clauses.
1. On Cat Ba Island, there are about 80 species and sub-species which have been classified in the Viet Nam's
Red List.
2. Don't miss the Ngu Binh Mountain. which forms a kind of protective screen around the monuments in Hue.
3. The wooden blocks of Truc Lam Zen Buddhism present both Han and Nom texts which were carved
deliberately in different writing styles,
4. Hoi An, which was declared a World Heritage site by UNESCO in 1999, has become a very popular tourist
destination in Vietnam.
5. Ha Long Bay is the most magnificent scenic spot in Viet Nam which attracts millions of domestic and
international tourists every year.
V. Choose the correct word /phrase that best fits the blank in the following passage.

Hoan Kiem lake is an attractive body of water right in the 1………of Hanoi. Legend has it that in the mid-15th
century 2……….,Heaven gave Emperor Le Thai To (Le Loi) a magical sword which he used to fight
3……….the Chinese, the Ming aggressors, out of Vietnam. After that one day when he was out 4……….in the
lake, a giant 5……….tortoise suddenly grabbed the sword and 6……….into the depths of the lake. Since then,
the lake has been known as Hoan Kiem lake, 7……..it is believed the sword was taken to its original divine
owners.

The tiny Tortoise Pagoda, topped with a red star, is 8………a small island in the middle of the lake; it is often
used 9…………an emblem of Hanoi. Every morning around 6 a.m, local residents can be seen around Hoan
Kiem lake 10………their morning exercises, jogging or playing badminton.
1. A. middle B. main C. heart D. point
2. A. festival B. century C. time D. occasion
3. A. above B. down C. for D. against
4.A. diving B. playing C. sailing D. walking
5.A. gold B. golden C. huge D. salty
6.A. disappeared B. endangered C. lost D. escaped
7.A. although B. however C. so D. because
8. A. at B. on C. in D. above
9. A. as B. like C. for D. to
10.A. to do B. doing C. to make D. making
VI. Choose the correct words in brackets to complete the sentences.
1. If you buy stolen relics, you will help to create a black market, to lead / leading to further destruction of the
heritage site.
2. The final thing to remember / remembering is to admire the corals from a distance and not to break off any
pieces to take home as souvenirs.
3. The tour guide taking / to take us to Ha Long Bay can speak three languages.
4. At the end of this corridor there is a gate leading / leaded to the main door of the temple.
5. The Taj Mahal complex, recognized / recognizing as a World Heritage Site in 1983, includes the tomb, the
mosque, the guest house, and the main gate.
6. Here are some of the things to avoid / avoiding when visiting a heritage site.
7. Many of the items such as rings, key chains, or souvenirs are made of unusual shells or unique stones illegally
removed / to remove from the protected areas.
8. The pagoda damaged / damaging in the storm has now been rebuilt.
9. That man was selling unusual relics illegally removed / removing from the protected area of this heritage
site.
10. Visitors should avoid shops to sell / selling unusual relics from the area.
VII. Use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to form the word that fits in the gap in the same
line.
1. Cuc Phuong National Park is also a(n) ______________ zone of fauna. (ABUNDANCE)
2. A number of caves in Huong Son Complex are __________ sites belonging to the Hoa Binh Culture dated
back to over 10,000 years. (ARCHAEOLOGY)
3. Set in a quiet environment, Hoi An is _________ by peaceful villages that have crafts such as carpentry,
bronze making, and ceramic. (SURROUNDING)
4. Phong Nha - Ke Bang National Park is one of the finest and most ___________ examples of a complex
limestone landform in Southeast Asia. (DISTINCT)
5. The __________ work in Con Moong Cave area has been carried out for several years. (EXCAVATE)
6. Phong Nha - Ke Bang National Park can be compared to a huge _______ museum. (GEOLOGY)
7. Last year, we came to the heritage site and beautiful _______ of West Yen Tu. (LAND)
8. The Champa Kingdom was vividly _________ by the ruins of My Son. (ILLUSTRATE)
9. The basic architectural and landscape features of the Complex of Hue Monuments have been maintained
intact since their original _________ in the early 19t century. (CONSTRUCT)
10. Yen Tu is a complex of ___________ masterpieces located in a beautiful landscape. (ARCHITECT)
UNIT 9: CITIES OF THE FUTURE CÓ ĐÁP ÁN

I. Circle the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the rest
1. A. upgraded B. consumption C. urban D. unbelievable
2. A. dweller B. detect C. technology D. eco-friendly
3. A. presentation B. sensor C. infrastructure D. insoluble
4. A. current B. sustainable C. infrastructure D. rubbish
5. A. climate B. livable C. city D. discussion
6. A. solar B. infrastructure C. designer D. focus
II. Choose the word that has different stress position
7. A. pessimistic B. optimistic C. overcrowded D. innovative
8. A. residential B. environment C. insoluble D. enjoyable
9. A. infrastructure B. sustainable C. inhabitant D. renewable
10. A. generate B. understand C. innovate D. maximize
III. Circle A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
11. New York has invested in improving the ___________ of its water ways in recent years.
A. quality B. quantity C. level D. feature
12. Vancouver is often considered to be one of the most ___________ cities in the world.
A. fit B. liveable C. endurable D. suitable
13. Telecommunications and cloud computing will ___________ transportation foe moving ideas and
intellectual property.
A. change B. replace C. remove D. eliminate
14. A cable car system gives poor slum ___________ better access to jobs.
A. citizens B. dwellers C. cavemen D. residences
15. Helsinki is a model for the future of ___________ smart growth.
A. city B. rural C. urban D. town
16. A nation with a strong ___________ would be successful in creating numerous smart cities.
A. transport B. transportation C. service D. infrastructure
17. They must figure out how a city can develop to meet the demands of future residents in a ___________ and
cost- effective way.
A. continual B. available C. sustainable D. natural
18. - Kate: “I’d like the blue jacket, please. Can I try it on?
- Cindy: “Yes, ___________”
A. you would B. Here you are, thank you C. Certainly D. you do
19. Tom : What a beautiful day!
Rose : ___________
A. Yes, it is B. It’s very hot C. No, it isn’t D. Yes. It’s sunny, isn’t it?
20. It’s very hot! let’s go swimming, ___________?
A. shall we B. should we C. do we D. don’t we
21. I think you’ve seen this picture before, ___________?
A. don’t you B. do you C. have you D. haven’t you
22. If you freeze water, it ___________ into ice.
A. turns B. is turning C. will turn D. would turn
23. Plants___________ if they ___________ enough water.
A. die/ get will B. die/ don’t get C. die/ don’t get D. would die/ didn’t get
24. Neither of them will be treated preferentially, ________ ?
A. won’t they B. will they C. won’t them D. will the
25. Sandy ___________ dinner 4 times this week
A. has cooked B. have been cooking C. has been cooking D. cooked
26. Why are your hands so dirty? – I ___________ my bike. I have yet to finish it.
A. repaired B. have been repaired C. has been repaired D. have been repairing

IV. Read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C, or D) best fits each space
Silicon Valley is (27)_______ to hundreds of technology companies, so it comes as no surprise that San Jose
has partnered with tech giant Intel to transform itself (28)_______ a smart city. San Jose and Intel will work
(29)_______ to further the city's Green Vision initiative a 15-year plan for economic growth, environmental
sustainability, and improved (30)_______ which it launched in 2007.
Intel expects to help San Jose create 25,000 clean-tech jobs, drive economic growth, and improve the city's
environmental (31)_______. To achieve this (32)_______, Intel will work with the city to track real-time data
on air quality, noise pollution, traffic flow, and other environmental and (33)_______ concerns — which it will
then use to encourage(34)_______ to reduce emissions by carpooling or using public transportation or bicycles
to get to work or school.
Smart cities may sound like something of the distant future, (35)_______ many people thought the same thing
about smart phones and smart homes. Jump to 2015 and 64 percent of American adults and 1.9 billion smart
home devices have been installed. If smart cities are (36)_______ like these other smart innovations, we should
see them appear in our communities sooner rather than later.
27. A. home B. house C. shelter D. housing
28. A. from B. to C. into D. toward
29. A. each other B. together C. one another D. themselves
30. A. love life B. a good life C. the life of quality D. quality of life
31. A. sustain B. sustainable C. sustainably D. sustainability
32. A. score B. goal C. point D. target
33. A. town B. rural C. urban D. countryside
34. A. inhabitat B. residents C. cavemen D. officials
35. A. because B. when C. so D. as
36. A. anything B. nothing C. one D. most
VIII. Rewrite these sentences, beginning as shown, so that the meaning stays the same.
51. I don't buy it because I don't have enough money.
→ ___________________________________________
52. I didn't buy it because I didn't have enough money.
→ ___________________________________________
53. There was a test yesterday. I didn't know that, so I didn't study for it.
→ ___________________________________________
54. I'm busy right now, so I can't help you.
→ ___________________________________________
55. He's very thin, that's why he feels so cold.
→ ___________________________________________
56. I didn't eat breakfast several hours ago, so I am hungry now.
→ ___________________________________________
57. If John had played for our football team, we would not have lost the game.
→ ___________________________________________
58. If I won a big prize in a lottery, I'd give up my job.
→ ___________________________________________
59. If you don't like this one, I'll bring you another.
→ ___________________________________________
60. I'll only help you if you promise to try harder.
→ ___________________________________________

TAG QUESTIONS
1. Choose the best option to complete these following sentences.
1. Tom invited us to come to his party, __________?
A. hadn't he B. couldn't he C. wasn't he D. didn't he
2. There was an exciting football match on TV last night, _________?
A. wasn't it B. was not there C. wasn't there D. was it
3. Your brother teaches English, _________?
 A. does he B. doesn’t he C. do he D. isn’t he
4. I am not too fat, __________?
A. aren't I B. do I C. am I D. are I
5. I'm wrong, _________?
A. am not B. aren't I C. are not D. amn't
6. Someone discovered penicillin in 1928, _________?
A. hadn't he/she B. didn't he/she C. didn't someone D. wasn't he/she
7. You stayed home last night, _________?
A. had you B. would you C. didn't you D. did you
8. The poor don't have many things to eat, _________?
A. do we B. do they C. do you D. do I
9. The teacher asked you if you finished your homework that day, __________?
A. hadn't he B. didn't he C. didn't you D. hadn't he
10. You were driving home when you saw Lan, _________?
A. didn't you B. weren't you C. wouldn't you D. hadn't you
11. You are thirsty, __________?
A. don't you B. aren't you C. are you D. are not you
12. Nam wishes he had worked hard last year, __________?
A. hadn't Nam B. hadn't he C. doesn't Nam D. doesn't he
13. Not only the women but also the men _________ watching this programme.
A. like B. has liked C. is liking D. likes
14. Neither the students nor the teacher ___________ raincoats.
A. taking B. takes C. are taking D. take
15. You had had breakfast before you went to school yesterday, ___________?
A. hadn't you B. didn't you C. wouldn't you D. weren't you
16. _________ ten minutes earlier, we would have got better seats.
A. If we had not arrived B. Had we arrived C. Did we arrive D. If we arrived
17. Only when you grow up, __________ the truth.
A. did you know B. will you know C. you would know D. you will know
18. You could ride a bicycle when you were five, ___________?
A. hadn't you B. didn't you C. weren't you D. couldn’t you
19. There have been many achievements since the country carried out economic reforms, ________?
A. don't there B. haven't they C. haven't there D. don't they
20. People who exercise frequently are healthier than those who ____________.
A. exercise B. do C. don't D. are

Exercise 2: Choose the best option to complete these following sentences.

1. The English like watching football, _____________?
A. doesn't she B. aren't they C. don't they D. doesn't he
2. Let's have a drink, ______________?
A. shalln't we B. do we C. shall we D. don't we
3. The weather is hot today, _____________?
A. isn't he B. isn't there C. aren't they D. isn't it
4. Buy me something to drink, ____________?
A. aren't you B. won't you C. don't you D. will you
5. You have not seen Romeo and Juliet, _____________?
A. will you B. are you C. do you D. have you
6. Who watered the flowers yesterday afternoon? Lan ___________ .
A. was B. had C. did D. would
8. You enjoy watching football, ________?
A. don't you B. do not you C. do you D. aren't you
9. You did not do your homework, ________?
A. do you B. are you C. didn't you D. will you
10. Hardly ________ out since he moved into this apartment.
A. he has gone B. he went C. has he gone D. he was going
11. You are not hungry, ________?
A. do you B. don't you C. aren't you D. are you
12. You had a bad cold last night, ________?
A. didn't you B. hadn't you C. wouldn't you D. weren't you
13. You will go on to university when you finish school next year, ________?
A. wouldn't you B. will not you C. won't you D. will you
14. You were at the library last Monday afternoon, _________?
A. did you B. weren't you C. were you D. didn't you
15. Lan said that her parents were going to Ho Chi Minh city the next Friday, ________?
A. hadn't she B. didn't she C. weren't they D. didn't they
16. You don't like coffee, __________?
A. do not you B. don't you C. do you D. are you
17. These are Japanese cars, _________?
A. aren't we B. don't they C. isn't it D. aren't they
18. You can speak French, _________?
A. cannot you B. could you C. can't you D. can you
19. Sally turned in her report, _______?
A. had she B. did she C. hadn't see D. didn’t she
20. You have a ticket to the game, _______?
A. do you B. haven't you C. don't you D. have you

Exercise 3: Choose the best option to complete these following sentences.

1. We should call Rita, _________?
A. should we B. shouldn't we C. shall we D. should not we
2. Monkeys can's sing, _________?
A. can they B. can’t they C. can it D. can't it
3. These books aren't yours, ________?
A. are these B. aren't these C. are they D. aren’t they
4. That's Bud’s, _______?
A. is that B. isn’t that C. are they D. aren’t they
5. No one died in the accident, _________? (British English)
A. didn’t they B. did he C. didn't he D. did they?
6. I'm right, _____?
A. aren't I B. amn't I C. isn't I D. not I am
7. They never came to class late, __________?
A. didn’t they B. did they C. do they D. don’t they
8. My wife had never been to Hue, __________?
A. did they B. didn’t they C. haven’t they D. hadn’t they
9. They are studying pronunciation with Mr. Brown, _______?
A. are they B. aren’t they C. do they D. don’t they
10. She should have obeyed her parents, ________?
A. should she B. should have she C. shouldn't have she D. shouldn't she
11. My father doesn’t speak Chinese, ________?
A. doesn’t he B. does he C. don’t he D. doesn’t my father
12. The air-hostess knows the time she has been here, ________?
A. does she B. isn’t it C. doesn’t she D. did she'
13. This is the second time she has been here, ________?
A. has she B. hasn't she C. isn’t this D. isn't it
14. They must do as they are told, _______?
A. must I B. mustn’t they C. must he D. must we
15. 'I don’t like strong coffee, _______?
A. don't I B. do I C. does I D. doesn’t I
16. He hardly has anything nowadays, _______?
A. has he B. doesn’t he C. does she D. hasn't she
17. You've never been in Italy, _______?
 A. haven’t you B. have you C. been you D. had you
18. There’s little water left, _______?
A. isn’t there B. is there C. are there D. aren’t there
19. Everybody is happy, ________?
A. isn’t it B. is it C. are they D. aren’t they
20. Let’s go out tonight, ________?
A. will we B. won’t we C. won’t they D. shall we
UNIT 10: HEALTHY LIFESTYLE AND LONGEVITY
I. Phonetic:
Exercise 1.Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently:
1. A. nutrition B. reducing C. consumption D. contribute
2. A. healthy B. disease C. measure D. death
3. A. anxiety B. longevity C. dietary D. resident
4. A. appointment B. donate C. association D. miso
5. A. urban B. workout C. factor D. purchase
Exercise 2.Choose the word which has difference stress pattern:
1. A. relieve B. immune C. consume D. healthy
2. A. expectancy B. meditation C. longevity D. nutritious
3. A. remedy B. principle C. medicine D. obesity
4. A. lifestyle B. disease C. substance D. treatment
5. A. campaign B. community C. discovery D. liveable
II. Vocabulary and expressions:
Exercise 1.Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences:
1. Doctor said that if he practiced ___________ everyday, he could keep his mind stress-free.
A. immune system B. meditation C. acupuncture D. a diet
2. Sleep, rest and relaxation can slow down the ________.
A.ageing process B. life expectancy C. cholesterol D. health
3. The boy __________ to me for breaking my flower vase.
A. advised B. suggested C. apologized D. accused
4. If you catch a cold, you should try natural _______ before taking any medicine
A. medicines B. remedies C. foods D. ways
5. Fast food __________ can increase the risk of obesity and heart disease.
A. consumptions B. consuming C. consume D. consumption
6. Staying __________ is half of the secret to weight control, the other half is healthy diet.
A. active B. actively C. inactive D. inactively
7. Martine hasn’t quite _________ his illness yet.
A. recovered B. got over C. looked after D. suffered
8. After spending a week in bed, she made a complete ___________.
A. recover B. recovering C. recovery D. recovered
9. If you __________ the doctor’s advice, you won’t get well.
A. take B. follow C. ignore D. don’t listen
10. Daily exercise and weight control strongly influence your chances of staying _______.
A. health B. healthy C. healthily D. active
Exercise 2. Give the correct form of the given words to complete the following sentences:
1. People can increase their life ________ if they have a healthy diet. (EXPECT)
2. We shouldn’t eat so many kinds of food at dinner because some kinds of foods are so _________, which
make you uneasy. (NUTRITION)
3. Longevity is also linked with low levels of stress and ___________. (ANXIOUS)
4. Mrs Lan is a _________, who gave me some advices on how to eat to be healthy. (DIET)
5. You can boost your health by leading a ________ life. (STRESS)
6. After giving birth to my daughter, I had to follow a special diet and joined a fitness class for
__________ people. (WEIGH)
7. He felt ill after the meal. He thought that he might have eaten something __________ (POISON)
 8. I fell over and my knee is still a bit _________ but it’s slowly getting better. (PAIN)
9. The injection is quite ________. You won’t even feel the needle going in. (PAIN)
10. The doctor said there was nothing he could do. My illness is __________(CURE)
III. Grammar:
Exercise 1: Change the following conditional sentences into reported speech.
1. “If I were you I wouldn’t accept that offer”. She said to Nam.
=> She told_____________________________________________________________
2. “I will pay you a visit if I am free”. She said to me.
=>She told___________________________________________________________
3. “If it rains, we won’t be able to go on a picnic”, they said.
=>They said__________________________________________________________
4. “What should you do if you won the first prize in the lottery?” The teacher asked his pupils.
=>The teacher_______________________________________________________
5. “If you hadn’t helped me, I would have gone bankrupt”, she said to him
=>She told________________________________________________________________
6. “If I were King, you would be Queen”, he said to his wife.
=>He told____________________________________________________________
7. “If you don’t take any physical exercises, you will be overweight”, the woman said to her husband.
=>The woman told____________________________________________________
8. “If you had told the truth, you wouldn’t have been imprisoned”, the policeman told the criminal.
=>The policeman told______________________________________________________
9. “If I have some money, I can buy that toy”, the boy said to his father.
=>The boy told_________________________________________________________
10. “Will you be happy if I ask you to marry me?”, He asked his lover.
=>He asked_____________________________________________________________
11. ‘If I had any money, I’d buy you a drink,’ she said to me.
=>She told me ______________________________________________________________
12. ‘If I catch the plan, I’ll be home by five,’ he said.
=>He said ________________________________________________________________
13. ‘You should stay in bed if you feel unwell.’ My mother said.
=>My mother advised me______________________________________________________
14. ‘What would you do if you were having a problem with grammar, Jane?’ Anne asked.
=>Anne asked ____________________________________________________________
15. “What would you say if someone stepped on your feet?” he asked her
=> He asked her __________________________________________________________
16. “If I were you, I’d stop smoking.” She said to her brother.
=>She advised her brother ________________________________________________
17. “If I don’t practice my English, I won’t get any better,” She said.
=> She said __________________________________________________________
Exercise 2.  Complete the following sentences without changing their meanings:
1. The doctor said to me, “You should lose weight.”
The doctor advised me .....................................................
2. Mary said, “Let’s go to a movie.”
Mary suggested ................................................................
3. “I didn’t break the windows”, Bill said.
Bill denied ........................................................................
4. “You told a lie, Tom”, she said.
She accused Tom ..............................................................
5. “I can’t go to your birthday party next Saturday evening, Jack”, said Mary.
Mary apologized for..........................................................
6. “I won’t help you with your homework. Never ! ” Jane said to me.
Jane refused ......................................................................
7. Joe said, “Please come to my party.”
Joe invited.........................................................................
 8. Mr. Gray said, “Don’t play in the street.”
Mr. Gray warned the children not ....................................
9. “Would you like to come on a picnic with us?
They invited .....................................................................
10. “Please don’t tell anybody what happened.”
He asked ...........................................................................
11. “If you don’t give me a pay rise. I’ll resign.”
She threatened ..................................................................
12. “I’ll finish the work by the end of this week.”
John promised ..................................................................
13. “You ought to take a break, Andrew.”
She advised........................................................................
14. “Don’t forget to go to the supermarket after work.”
They reminded .................................................................
15. “Why don’t we sing a few songs?”
He suggested……………………………………………
16. She told me, “ I am going to the party with my mother”.
She told me……………………………………………….
17. They said, “ We have plenty of time to do our work”.
18. He said, “ This is the book you have been looking for”.
He said……………………………………………………
Exercise 3.Choose the best answer to fill in each of the gaps. Circle either A, B, C or D.
1. Will you remind me ....................this letter at the post office?
A. to post B. posting C. to be posted D. being posted
2. The goods ought .......................two weeks ago.
A. to deliver B. delivering C. to be delivered D. being delivered
3. I have expected ......................... the secret of happiness.
A. to tell B. telling C. to be told D. being told
4. John had agreed ......................... me in his office.
A. to meet B. meeting C. to be met D. being met
5. Jack admitted .......................the money.
A. steal B. to steal C. stealing D. stolen
6. Thank you very much ........................ lending me your bike.
A. about B. in C. for D. of
7. Don’t ......................... him to arrive early. He’s always late.
A. think B. judge C. hope D. expect
8. I wouldn’t ..................... of going to the party I hadn’t been invited to.
A. dream B. intend C. depend D. rely
9. The instructor warned the students ............ sailing alone on the lake.
A. on B. for C. of D. against
10. The manager .......................the men to turn to work immediately.
A. insisted B. suggested C. demanded D. ordered
11. Her mother prevented her ..................... going out tonight.
A. against B. from C. about D. at
12. I apologized ........................ the book at home.
A. for leaving B. to leaving C. leaving D. to leave
13. The man wanted to avoid ...................... on security cameras.
A. to see B. seeing C. to be seen D. being seen
14. Peter ........................ to go in for the exam.
A. avoided B. let C. advised D. decided
15. I tried ........................... the bus, but I missed it.
A. to catch B. catching C. to be caught D. being caught
16. The plants want ........................... daily.
A. to water B. watering C. to be watered D. being water
 17. It’s important for the figures ......................... regularly.
A. to update B. updating C. to be updated D. being updated
Exercise 4. Rewrite the following sentences using the given words in brackets:
1. “You took the money,” he said. (accuse … of)
=> ……………………………………………………………………………………………
2. “I stole his bicycle,” he said to the police.(admit)
=> ………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. He said to the police, “I didn’t steal the bike”.(deny)
=> ………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. He said, “I’m sorry I’m late”.(apologize for)
=> ………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. “I’ll drive you to the airport. I insist,” John said to Linda.(insist on)
=> ………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. “I’m happy to hear that you have passed the final exam. Congratulations!,” Jim said to me.(congratulate ..
on)
=> ………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. “It was nice of you to invite me to dinner. Thank you,” Miss White said to George.(thank … for)
=> ………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. “Don’t play with the matches,” I said to Jack.(warn … against)
=> ………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. “I must have made a mistake in the calculations,” said Mr Forest.(admit)
=> ………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. “I’ll pay for the meal,” Sarah insisted.(insist on)
=> ………………………………………………………………………………………………
11. Neil told us, “Perhaps we can go to Paris for the weekend.”(suggest)
=> ………………………………………………………………………………………………
12. “I’m sorry. I couldn’t come to visit you last summer,” Kate said to her parents.(apologize … for)
=> ………………………………………………………………………………………………
13. “Let’s eat out tonight,” said Tom.(suggest)
=> ………………………………………………………………………………………………
14. “We should take the jumper back to the shop,” Jack said to us.( recommend + gerund)
=> ………………………………………………………………………………………………
15. “It’s not true! I have never been arrested by the police,” Larry said.(deny)
=> ………………………………………………………………………………………………
16. “I always want to be a rich man,” said David.(dream of )
=> ………………………………………………………………………………………………
17. The manager told the visitors, “Don’t stay at the hotel near the airport.”(warn…against)
=> ……………………………………………………………………………………………
IV. Reading
Exercise 1. Fill in each blank with one word in A, B, C or D to complete the passage:
GOING ON A DIET
A typical person needs about 1,800 calories per day to stay running. They keep your organs operating (1)
_______and your brain running. They also keep your body warm. A person gains weight because he or she
consumes more calories per day than (2) ___________ . The only way to lose fat is to reduce the (3)
__________ of calories that you consume per day. This is the basic principle (4) ____________ going on a diet.
Unfortunately, diets don't work for most people. They do lose weight but then go off the diet and put it
back. Building a sensible diet and exercise plan is the key (5) _____________ maintaining a consistent weight.
You need to figure out how many calories you need in a day and how many you actually (6) __________ . The
next step is to add exercise (7) __________ you can raise the number of calories you can consume per day.
Burning 250 or 500 calories per day can make a big (8) ____________ . You can ride an exercise bike
while you are watching television (9) ____________ you can take the stairs instead of the elevator. Find an
exercise partner. Exercises can be a lot easier if there is someone to talk to. It's a good idea to wear firm fitting
clothes if you are (10) ___________ . Tight clothing acts as a reminder of what you are trying to accomplish.
1 A. proper             B. properly                 C. improper       D. improperly
2 A. necessity       B. need                     C. needed                 D. necessary
 3A. number           B. amount                 C. deal                     D. plenty
4A. behind             B. beside                   C. inside                   D. outside
5 A. for                   B. with                       C. at                         D. to
6 A. take off           B. take in                   C. take up                 D. take away
7 A. as a result       B. so as to                 C. so that                 D. in as much as
8 A. sense               B. mistake                 C. impression           D. difference
9 A. and                   B. or                         C. but                       D. so
10 A. on a holiday       B. on a balance         C. on either side       D. on a diet
Exercise 2: Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer:
THE MUSCLES IN OUR BODY
Our human body is made up of many muscles. All these muscles work together to help you move. They
form the muscle system. 650 muscles are wrapped around your bones. They basically cover the bones like a
blanket. Muscles are fastened to the bones by tough bands. These bands are called tendons.You can see your
tendons when you wiggle your finger. Moving your fingers back and forth makes your tendons move.
These muscles around the bone must be told when to move. They are controlled by your thinking. If you
want to walk, talk or smile, you send a message to the brain. Your brain picks up the message. It receives it and
processes it. Then it sends out an electrical signal through the nerves. The nerves make connections until the
signal reaches the proper muscle. This signal tells a muscle what it has to do. The muscle simply does exactly
what the brain tells it to do. When you jump, hundreds of muscles work to help you do that.
Muscles work all the time.They even work when you are fast asleep.They keep your body firm and
strong.Therefore, it is important to be in good shape.You need to stay healthy so that your muscles can remain
powerful too.One thing that muscles need is good food.Muscles develop when they have protein.Milk, eggs, red
meat, fish and beans are rich in protein.A healthy diet includes these food types.Muscles also need to be
exercised to remain firm and toned.Regular exercise makes your muscles bigger, strengthens your heart and
lungs and makes you more flexible.Good ways to exercise our walking, swimming, cycling, dancing or playing
soccer.These activities improve your stamina.If you have good stamina, you can keep going for a long time
without getting tired.
1. What is the topic word of paragraph 1?
A. Muscles B. The muscles system C. Bones D. Tendons
2. The word “wiggle” in paragraph 1 means:
A. spin B. raise C. move D. cross
3. In what order do the following happen?
A. Processed message, nerve connection, electric signal, execution
B. Execution, electric signal, nerve connection, processed message
C. Execution, nerve connection, electric signal, processed message
D. Processed message, electric signal, nerve connection, execution
4. What are two things muscles need to stay strong?
A. Protein and walking B. Milk and eggs
C. Protein and good exercise D. Sleep and good food
5. What does the author think about regular swimming?
A. It makes you stronger and flexible
B. It helps you to keep going for a long time without getting tired
C. It is better than walking and dancing
D. It is not as good as playing soccer.
TOPIC 1: CULTURAL IDENTITY
STRESS
1. A. festival B. highlight C. community D. bravery
2. A. spirit B. unity C. image D. protect
3. A. worship B. province C. sacrifice D. unique
4. A. official B. similar C. conclusion D. traditional
5. A. definition B. nationality C. globalization D. generation
6. A. ancestor B. identifier C. achievement D. adjusting
 7. A. numerous B. currency C. obviously D. perceived
8. A. significance B. majority C. unhygienic D. depravity

PRONUNCIATION
1. A. expressed B. preserved C. maintained D. wondered
2. A. costumes B. celebrates C. believes D. examples
3. A. various B. value C. aspect D. impact
4. A. identity B. ethnicity C. inherit D. individual
5. A. language B. luggage C. heritage D. teenage
6. A. passionate B. intergrate C. communicate D. demonstrate
7. A. nation B. national C. nationality D. nationalise
8. A. regional B. religion C. ceremony D. regard
9. A. conclude B. conceal C. concentrate D. conduct
10. A. clothing B. cloth C. clothes D. clothed

VOCABULARY
1. Students are restrained from eating bananas prior to an exam for ........... (cheer/ fear/ scare/ anger) of failing
“like sliding on a banana skin”
2. Regarding what food to avoid before taking an important examination, homophones and the shape of your
food come into .................(action/ fact/ reality/ play)
3. ............(marriage/ maritual/ marriageable/ marrying) nowadays is a choice people make on their own, but
this has not always been the case in society.
4. It was the ......(religion/ superstition/ custom/ fate) that father made the decision on whom their children
were going to marry.
5. We are all too ........(dismissing/ dismissal/ dismissed/ dismissive) of traditions on our modern world, but
they can have a very strong impact on us.
6. Most young people nowadays believe in .........(contractual/ romantic/ unique/ arranged ) marriage- first
comes loves, then comes marriage.
7. Most Americans don’t object .......(about/ for/ in/ to) being called the first names.
8. (national customes/ tradition food/ traditions and customs/ folktales) like ao dai, kimono, hanbok help
preserve a country’s heritage and educate people about their history.
9. Americans believe in romantic marriage- aboy and a girl are ........(loved/ handed/ attracted/ married) to each
other, fall in love and decide to marry each other.
10. The custom of paying a bride price before marriage is still a ......(well-established/ well-advised/ well-built/
well-balanced) part of many African cultures
11. In Modern times, although people still remain the custome of paying a bride price, it is occasionally quite
small and its value is mainly ........(symbol/ symbolise/ symbolism/ symbolic).
12. Most wedding in Japan start with a religious ...........(anniversary/ ceremony/ celebration) in which usually
only family members attend.
13. The custom of .........(praying/ honoring/ respecting/ worshiping) ancestors is a beautiful , rich, and colorful
and joyful tradition in Vietnamese culture.
14. ..........(linguistic/ linguists/ language/ lingual)are aware that a language becoming extinct does not
nesessarily mean that the people who spoke it have all died.
15. Why is culture important and how does it answer the question “what is cultural ..........(identity/ indentify/
identification/ identical)”?
16. Culture is the underlying ..........(institution/foundation/ organization/ principle)of traditions and beliefs that
help a person relate to the world around them.
17. Culture gives us a definite starting point when beginning to ...........(find/ look/ search/ seek) for our roots.
18. Accepting that changes are ...........(avoidable/ unavoidable/ stoppable/ unstoppable) does not mean that we
will allow everything to be wiped out, destroyed or forgotten.
19. Once people have given up their heritage, traditional beliefs and other aspects of their native culture, they
are about to lose their sense of ..............(humor/ responsibility/ self/ honesty).
20. Although there are over fifty ...........(ethnically/ ethcise/ ethicity/ ethnic) groups, we all use Vietnamese as
the official language.
CLOSEST
1.Steve Kootenay-Jobin, aboriginal housing coordinator at Mount Royal University, notes that many indigenous
students who move to the city for education, encounter cultural shock.
(get rid of/ face up to/get over/ wipe out)
2. Today, the practice of arranged marriage is still common in some countries in the Middle East, such as India
or Pakistan. (romantic/ contractual/ transacted/ deal)
3. The exact origins of the Tooth Fairy are mystery, although the story probably began in England oa Ireland
centuries ago. (beginnings/ causes/ reasons/ roofs)
4. Cultural diversity is the term used to describe many cultures co-existing within one larger culture. (variety/
variability/ varification/ variation)
5. Sex before marriage is strongly disapproved in some cultures. (objected/ rejected/ projected/ injected)
6. In European and North american cultures, body language behaviours can be divided into 2 groups: open or
closed and forward or backward. (seperated/ intergrated/ merged/ cooperated)
7. In the past, dishes that supposedly brought good fortune, such as prawns and sea breams, were served in
abundance. (excitement/ luck/ money/ benefit)
8. These days, couples choose to tie the knot in various ways, from not having any ceremony to having a
modest affair or still going all out. (get engaged/ get married/ fasten the rope/ loose the tie)

READING
Together with the festive atmosphere Tet brings to Vietnam every year, the event also the best time of
the year for Vietnamese to spend time on their ................(1) life and pay respect to religious institutions.Visiting
pagodas on the first days of the year has long been a ............... (2) tradition.
It has been a long-lasted custom of the people in this country each time a New Year arrive to visit
pagoda. In Vietnam, the custom is described as “Lễ Chùa” – ..............(3) “lễ” means not only visiting but also
showing respects in all sincerity to Buddha and Gods of the pagodas or temples. No matter how busy
Vietnamese are during the hilarious atmosphere of Tet, everyone attempts .............. (4) an incense to wish for
best wishes for the New Year like healthiness, happiness and wealthiness.
........................, praying at pagodas and temples is among the best way to go out and enjoy the spring.
Mixing ones’ soul with the spiritual spaces, breathing in the aroma of burning incense and flowers and enjoying
relaxing glimpse in the garden of the pagodas help demolishing all the stresses and worries of the previous year.

1. A. spirit B. spiritual C. spiritless D. spirited

2. A. Deep-seated B. deep-rooted C. deep-pocketed D. deep-fried
3. A. which B. that C. in which D. when
4. A. To burn B. burning C. to burning D. burn
5. A. beside B. moreover C. in addition to D. thus
The end.

TOPIC 2: EDUCATION
STRESS
1.A. compulsory B. secondary C. separate D. fee-paying
2. A. curriculum B. acedemic C. independent D. education
3. A. parallel B. chanllenging C. nursery D. vocational
4. degree B. further C. critical D. bachelor
5. A. qualification B. certificate C. experience D. respective
6. A. apply B. master C. achieve D. require
7. A. Part-time B. roommate C. timetable D. cloud-based
8. A. Tuition B. residence C. specialize D. admission
9. A. partnership B. kindergarten C. undergraduate D. standardize

PRONUNCIATION
 1. A. passion B. institution C. revision D. profession
2. A. overseas B. pursues C. volunteers D. develops
3. A. essential B. potential C. material D. substantial
4. A. primary B.primitive C. primordial D. primal
5. A. courses B. choices C. manages D. appreciates
6. A. appreciates B. psychology C. programme D. prospect
7. A. process B. progress C. proceed D. prosper
8. A. computer B. university C. culture D. uniform
9. A. access B. analyze C. target D. acedemy
10. A. equipped B. consulted C. shocked D. focused

VOCABULARY
1.My Math teacher is the one who is the most ................(respectable/ respected/ respective/ respectful) of the
staff in the school.
2. I still keep wondering if I was doing the right thing when I asked my father for .............(a/ an/ the/ 0)
permission to leave school.
3. The boy was punished for playing ............(truant/ runaway/ absent/ joyride) from his physics lessons.
4. Education in England puts ..............(into/ on/ off/ through) force for children from 9 to 16 years old.
5. Students who study far from home often have problems with .....................(recommendation/ mortage/
campus/ accommodation).
6. She took a course in fine arts ..............(with a view to/ in terms of/ in order to/ with reference to) starting her
own business in interior design.
7. The university administrations are introducing new measures to ...........(maintain/ improve/ facilitate/ ensure)
that the enrollment process runs smoothly.
8. The school was closed for a month because of serious ............. (outcome/ ourburst/ outbreak/ outset) of fever.
9. Students are not allowed to handle these chemicals unless they are under the .............(supervision/
examination/ guidance/ assistance) of a teacher.
10. Could you stand ...........(up/ in/ out/ down) for me and teach my English class tomorrow morning, John?
11. “How was your exam?”- “A couple of questions were tricky, but on the ............(spot/ general/ hand/ whole)
it was pretty easy.”
12. If you practice regularly, you can learn this language skill in short ...............(period/ phase/ span/ stage) of
time.
13. Points will be added to the Entrance Examination scores for those who hold an excellent high
school ................(degree/ certificate/ diploma/ qualification).
14. Higher education is very important to national economies, and it is also a source of trained and ............
(educated/ educational/ educative/ uneducated) personnel for the whole country.
15. Mr Brown has kindly agreed to spare us some of his ............. (valuable/ worthy/ costly/ beneficial) time to
answer our questions.
16. A university degree is considered to be a ................ (demand/ requisite/ claim/ request) for entry into most
professions.
17. Many people object to using physical ..................(violence/ penalty/ punishment/ sentence) in dealing with
discipline problems at school.
18. It’s necessary for students to listen to their teacher ................(attend/ attentive/ attentively/ attention).
19. My mother ............(warned/ recommended/ reprimanded/ encouraged) me against staying late at night to
prepare for exams.
20. At the .................. (primary/ secondary/ postgraduate/ undergraduate) level, you can join three-year or four-
year colleges.
21. A university is an institution of higher education and research, which grants ............ (secondary/ optional/
acedemic/ vocational) degrees at all levels in a variety of subjects.
22. It’s my ................ (graduation/ graduate/ graduating/ graduates) ceremony next week; I think my parents are
looking forward to it more than I am.
23. Going to university is expensive because in addition to the tuition ...............(grants/ fees/ fares/ scholarship),
there are expenses for accommodation, books, living costs, etc.
24. I dis six hours of .............. (education/ survey/ revision/ training) for the test, but i still failed.
25. Helen’s parents were very pleased when they read her school ....................(papers/ report/ diploma/
account).

CLOSEST
1.Educators are complaining that students rely on social media so much that they lose the ability to think
critically. (insist on/ appears on/ depend on/ decide on )
2. The student service centre will try their best to assist students in finding a suitable part-time job. (join hands/
lend a helping hand/ make an effort/ make a move)
3. My sister is very diligent student. She works very hard at every subject. (clever/ practical/ studious/ helpful)
4. Overseas students should make use of the aids of the tutors and lecturers. (make capital out of/ make room
for/ go heavy on/ make headway)
5. She was a devoted teacher. She spent most of her time teaching and taking care of her students. (polite/
precious/ honest/ dedicated).
6. Tertiary education normally provides undergraduate and postgraduate education, as well as vocational
education and training. (intermediate/ primary/ secondary/ higher)
7. There is no point in going to school if they’re not willing to learn. (it is no good/ there is no use/ there is not
worth/ there is useless)
8. The smell of floor polish still brings back memories of my old school. (takes aback/ takes back to/ reminds
of/ take apart)
9. An acedemic year is a period of time which schools, colleges and universities use to measure a quantity of
study. (a school day/ a challenging time/ a school year/ a gap year)
10.If the examiner can’t make sense of what your essay is about, you’ll get the low mark. (declare/ estimate/
communicate/ understand)

OPPOSITE
1.Our teacher encourages to use a dictionary whenever we are unsure of the meaning of a word. (stimulates/
motivates/ discourages/ animates)
2. School uniform is compulsory in most of Vietnamese schools. (obligatory/ optional/ mandatory/ imperative)
3. In the writing test, candidates will not be penalized for mirror mechanical mistakes. (punished/ rewarded/
motivated/ discouraged)
4. The boy is poorly-educated and doesn’t know how to behave properly. (ignorant/ uneduacated/
knowledgeable/ rude )
5. Today students are under a lot of pressure due to the high expectations from their parents and teachers.
(nervousness/ emotion/ stress/ relaxation)
6. She started the course two months ago but dropped out after a month. (gave up/ went on/ gave out/ used up)
7. Most of the students in our country are interested in pursuing higher education to get bachelor’s degrees.
(following/ giving up/ trying/ interrupting)
8. The majority of children in my village go to the boarding school and see their parents at the weekend.
(maximum/ minimum/ ethnicity/ minority)
9. I think it’s impossible to abolish school examinations. They are necessary to evaluate student’s progress.
(stop/ extinguish/ continue/ arganise)

TOPIC 3: ENERGY
1.The amount of solar energy that reaches the earth depends ....................(to/ in/ on/ with) the atmosphere.
2. Solar energy can be changed ................ (in/ to/ into/ for) electricity.
3. Oil, coal and natural gas are .......................... (unleaded/ smokeless/ solid/ fossil) fuels made from decayed
material from animal or plants.
4. A nuclear reactor releases ................(radiation/ heat/ energy/ carbon dioxide) which is dangerous to the
environment.
5. All fossil fuels are ................. (unlimited/ renewable/ available/ non-renewable) resources that cannot be
replaced after use.
6. Many newer cars have a much lower fuel ................. (consuming/ consumer/ consummation/ consumption).
7. We should develop such ............... (tradition/ alternative/ revolutionary/ surprising) sources of energy and
nuclear energy.
8. (friendly environmental/ environmental friendly/ friendly environment/ environmental friendly) energy
sources include water and wind power.
9. The ................. (delivery/ release/ distribution/ research) of these toxic substances into the environment is
potentially devastating.
10. Vietnam is rich in ............... (natural resources/ seas/ land/ fish) such as coal, apatite, bauxite, etc.
11. Some people think that nuclear energy is the only real ............... (alternation/ energetic/ alternative/ fossil
fuel)
12. One danger is in ........... (consisting of/ getting rid of/ making use of/ taking care of) radioactive wastes
which are produced during nuclear reactions.
13. People on earth are ...............(on/ at/ in/ for) need of more nuclear energy.
14. The .................. (attitude/ tender/ tendency/ intention) to use renewable energy sources is on the increase
when non-renewable ones are running out.
15. (Discovered/ discovering/ which was discovered/ that when discovered) in large quantities in the Middle
east, oil became known as black gold because the large profit it brought.
16. Non-renewable energy sources are running...............(up/ on/ to/ out).
17. In some countries, people use wind or sea ...............(waves/ water/ products/ weeds) an the environment
friendly energy sources.
18. People on earth are ................(on/ at/ in/ for) need of more nuclear energy.
19. Universities and colleges give solar energy courses where students learn to build their own solar ...............
(collectors/ contributors/ generators/ conductors)
20. A ...............(panel/ sail boat/ dam/ mill) is a wall that is built across a river in order to stop the water flowing
and to make a lake.
CLOSEST
1.People have used coal and oil to generate electricity for a long time. (create/ invest/ produce/ make).
2. A nuclear power plant emits less radiationn than granite structure of similar proportion. (give off/ give out/
give in/ give away)
3. Solar energy is not only plentiful and infinite but also clean and safe. (boundless/ unlimited/ uncountable/
inflexible)
4. Many environmentalists fear that the earth will run out of essential natural resources before the end of 20th
century. (use up/ make use of/ take advantage of/ take a fancy to)
5. Energy is fundamental to human beings, especially to poor people. (needy/ basic/ inessential/ additional)
OPPOSITE
1.How long will it be before the world’s fuel supplies are exhausted? (abundant/ redundant/ reluctant/ definite).
2. Although there are some disadvantages, the potential of alternative source of energy is great. (capacity/
capability/ aptitude/ impossibility)
3. Throughout the 1990s, the use of the sun as a source of energy has evolved considerably. (relatively/
insignificantly/ remarkably/ substantially)
4. Nuclear energy can provide enough electricity for the world’s needs for hundreds of years, but it can be very
dangerous. (hazadous/ adventurous/ speculative/ secure)
TOPIC 4: ENDANGERED SPECIES
Stress
1. A. disposal B. animal C. energy D. poverty
2. A. awareness B. solution C. important D. happiness
3. A. replacement B. pollutant C. resident D. depletion
4. A. consumption B. chemical C. neighborhood D. pesticide
5. A. scientist B. consequence C. detergent D. influence
Pronunciation
1. A. carbon B. environent C. respiratory D. disposal
2. A. emission B. pesticide C. surface D. soot
3. A. damage B. regional C. growing D. energy
4. A. depleted B. wasted C. reduced D. affected
5. A. width B. healthy C. breathing D. throat
Vocabulary
1. Dinosaurs have been ........... (endangered/ extinct/ threatened/ disappeared) for millions of years.
2. It is predicted that over the next few decades many species will die ............. (of/ out/ away/ down) as once
fertile areas turn to desert.
3. All the different plants and animals in a natural community are in a ............ (state/ status/ situation/position)
of balance.
4. The tiger is ............(on the wing/ on the rocks/ on the verge/ on the ground) of extinction. It is difficult to find
them in the wild: trong hoang dã.
5. Many companies do not want to spend too much on waste ..........(discharge / release/ rid/ disposal) as the cost
is really high.
6. Many plants and endangered species are now endangering of ......... (expression/ expulsion/ extiction/
extension)
7. Differrent kinds of animals have appeared and disappreared ............(during/ throughout/ within/ through)
Earth’s history.
8. The climate may become wetter and drier, it may become warmer or cooler. If animals can’t change or .........
(adapt/ adopt/ evolve/ resolve) to the new climate, they will die.
9. Sometimes many of the animals on Earth go extinct at the same time. Scientists call this a ........ (huge/ great/
mass/ giant) extinction.
10. Overexploitation for food, pets, and medicine, pollution and diseases are recognised ........(as/ to/ over/ upon)
a serious threat ........ (of/ for/ with/ at) extinction.
11. Clearing forests for timber has resulted ..... (with/ at/ in/ for) the loss of biodiversity.
12. The world’s biodiversity is declining at an unprecedented rate, which make wildlife ........ (prosperous/
perfect/ vulnerable/ remained)
13. People have always depend on wildlife and plants for food, clothing, medicine, shelter and many
other .......... (needs/ demand/ supplies/provision-n-sự cung cấp )
14. Sperm whalesare ....... (herbivores/ carnirores/ mammals-n-đv có vú) which means they eat meat.
15. Those who concern are worried about the ......... (disappearance/ establishment/ supply/ provision) of many
species.
16. Because of people’s ...........(supply/ survival/ influence/ interference) with environment, many kinds of
plants and animals are becoming rare
CLOSEST
1.You can see differenr kinds of rare animals in this park. (priceless/ half-cooked/ unlimited/ limited)
2. Each year about fifty hundred species of plants and animals are already being eliminated. (dropped/ removed/
kicked/ tossed)
3. The seashore was much polluted because of the amount of waste left there. All this rubbish is killing fish and
other marine life. (sea plants/ sea mammals/ water life/ sea creatures:sv biển)
4. The African rhino is an endangered species and needs protecting. (unstable/ dangerous/ insecure/
indefensible).
5. We should do something to protect animals which are on the verge of extinction. (at stake/ endangered )
6. Life on Earth is disappearing fast and will continue to do so unless urgent action is taken.(vanishing/
damaging/ polluting/ destroying)
7. Species become extinct or endangered for a number of reasons, but the primary cause is the destruction of
habitat-n-mts by human activities. (whole/ main/ original/ important)

TOPIC 5: NATURE IN DANGER

PRONUNCIATION
1.A. pollute B. develop C. constant D. provide
2.A. survival B. natural C. vunerable D. agricultural
3. A. endangered B. died C. evolved D. stopped
4. A. extinct B. species C. special D. ocean
5. A. forest B. extinction C. pollutant D. diversity
1.Rapid ............(run-off/ run-in/ run-out/ run-over) would cause frequent floods and leave little water during dry
seasons.
2. These days it is impossible to open a newspaper without reading about the damage we are ...............(taking/
doing/ making/ causing) to the environment.
3. Many people don’t know that polar ice is melting and sea levels are ................. (raising/ rising/ degrading/
dissolving)
4. The coastal areas are being seriously contaminated, which .............(leads/ causes/ results/ escapes) from
disposing harmful chemical rubbish into seas.
5. Overusing pesticides is also considered to be a .................(cause/ reason/ origin/ threat) of pollution
6. Nowadays we are facing many threats such as ..............(afforestation/ reforestation/ forestation/
deforestation), pollution, global warming, and fosil fuel ( depletion/ degradation/ destruction).
7. Dumping ..............(pollution, pollutants, polluted, pollute) such as pesticides and other chemicals in lakes,
rivers and seas contaminates our water source.
8. .................... (clean water/ fresh water/ spring water/ mineral water) is very important to life, as no one can
live long without it.
9. In Africa, people’s interference in the rhino’s ................(sector/ territory/ domain/ country)
10. Environmental pollution is becoming an ..................(increasingly/ increasing/ increase/ increased) serious
problem that needs to be taken care of as soon as possible.
11. Most of the air pollution results .............(in/ to/ on/ from) the burning of fossil fuels, factories...
12. Scientists have found holes in the ..........(ice caps/ polar ice/ ozone layer/ greenhouse) particularly over
Antarctica.
13. Farmers contribute to environmental damage by spraying .............. (agriculture/ crops ) with ..............
(pesticides/ fertilizers), which stay in the soil for years.
14. During the last hundred years we have done great ..............(injury/ pollution/ damage/ destruction) to the
environment.
CLOSEST
1.When the wastes are poured into the atmosphere, the air becomes polluted, and unpleasant to breathe. (dense/
contaminated/ fresh)
2. Water pollution is a result of dumping pollutants such as pesticides, oil and other chemicals in rivers.
(substances/ contaminants/ wastes)
3. The natural environment has been seriously influenced and degraded by human activities through many
decades. (worsened/damaged/ destroyed/ reduced)
4. Climate change will affect coral reef ecosystems through sea level rise, intensity of tropical storms (threaten/
impact/ warn/ endanger)
5. Mass tourism has contributed to the destruction of the environment. (organization, structure/ construction/
devastation) of the environment.
6. A lot of waste from hotels and vehicles is also discharged into the water and air. (discussed/ collected/
released/ treated)
7. The loss of much forest is destroying Earth’s plant and animal variety. (consuming/ demolishing/ erasing/
removing)
8. Air pollution is a consequence of fossil fuel burning by motor vehicles, factories ...(product/ example/ harm/
result)
OPPOSITE
1.Fresh water is very important to life because no one can live without it. (clean/ drinkable/ polluted/ running)
2. The river is badly polluted with toxic chemicals from that factory. (poisonous/ harmful/ harmless/ deadly).
3. It is reported that humans are the main reason for most species’s declines and habitat destruction and
degradation are the leading threats. (depletion/ emission/ development/ damage)
4. The environmental pollution level in this area has built up a lot over recet years. (increased/ decreased/
blocked/ concentrated)

TOPIC 6: GLOBAL WARMING

PHONETIC
1.A. campaign B. global C. balance D. carbon
2.A. natural B. endangered C. dangerous D. habitat
3.A. rainforest B. tropical C. discover D. animal
4. A. pollution B. continue C. enormous D. disappear
5. A. devastated B. environment C. diversity D. ecology
6. A. genius B. gorilla C. global D. gases
7. A. warming B. warn C. walk D. wasn’t
8. A. floor B. flood C. moorland D. door
9. A. increase B. release C. please D. grease
VOCABULARY
1.All nations should ..............(join/ hold/ shake/ lend) hands to work out a plan to solve the problem of global
warming.
2. Many scientists ..............(give/ put/ take/ have) the blame for the recent natural disasters on the increase in the
world’s temperatures.
3. Environmental groups are putting.............(stress/ pressure/ tension) on governments to take .....................
(action/ actor/ effect) to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide which is given ............... (out/ off/ away/ in) by
factories and power plants, thus attacking the problem at its source.
4. ............ (climatic/ climax/ climate) change allows for ............ (infection/ infectious/ dangerous) diseases to
spread more easily; contributes to illnesses and death, has .................(hard/ severe/ bad) impact onn water
supplies, threatens food produuction and upsets ecological balance.
5. By 2050, ............ (rising/ raising/ arising/ plummenting) temperatures could lead to extinction of a million
species.
6. Having read the report on how the burning of petrol in cars ................(attributes/ contributes/ introduces/
distributes) to climate change, we decided to sell our car and get a bicycle instead.
7. The government has pledged to clean up industrial .............. (emissions/ emit/ emitted/ emissive).
8. Scientists worry about the ............... (eruption/ destruction/ erosion/ disappearance) of many species of plants
and animals from our planet.
9. The goal of mitigation is to avoid dangerous human ................(independence/ interference/ indication/
interruption) with the climate system, and stabilize greenhouse gas levels.
10. Throughout history, people and societies have adjusted to and coped with changes in climate and extremes
with ..................(various/ varied/ varying/ variable) degrees of success.
11. With clear ...............(evidence/ proof/ investigation/ examination), his company couldn’t deny having
dumped a large quantity of toxins into the sea.
12. He was suspected ...........(about/ on/ of/ for) having received presents from the local companies and ignored
their violations of the environment law.
13. For many years now, .................(politicians/ politics/ parties/ residents) have attempted to protect the
environment by making businesses responsible for making sure that the chemical they use don’t add to the
destruction of the environment.
14. Inscreased levels of carbon dioxide ( help/ contribute / make/ go up) to the greenhouse effect, as the result,
the earth is ...............(speeding/ heating/ cooling/ slowing) up.
15. Running cars are sending smoke and ................... (smoke/ smog/ fumes/ sewage) into the attmosphere,
causing the earth to warm up and increase its average temperature.
16. To climate scientists, personal vehicles are a major ...............(cause/ reason/ origin/ result) of global
warming.
17. In my opinion, the most serious effect of global warming is droughts because it is killing millions
of .................(creativity/ creation/ creatures/ creative) on earth.
18. As far as I am (involved/ related/ concerned), forests are just the .............. (lungs/ hearts/ brains/ centers) of
the Earth.
19. Global warming result .................(of/ in/ at/ to) climate change and .............(catastrophe/ catastrophic/
disaster/ phenomena) weather patterns such as floods, droughts which can ................(effect/ affect/ effective)
human life.
20. Over the last ten years, there have been .................(noticeable/ unstoppable/ unavoidable/ forseeable)
changes in Vietnam’s climate due to the (raise/ rise/ decrease) in temperatures and sea level.
CLOSEST
1.Most people admit that they contribute to global warming. (be partly responsible for/ disapprove/ neglect/
cause).
2. In the polluted environment, infectious diseases can be passed easily from one person to another. (fatal/ safe/
contagious/ immune)
3. Local people have cut down the forests to make way for farming. (allow farming to take place/ lose way in
farming/ have a way in farming/ give way to farming)
OPPOSITE
1.The factory was heavily fined for having dumped tons of toxic waste into the river. (rewarded/ punished/
sentenced/ awarded)
2. Deforestation is one of the biggest environmental threats to the ecological balance in the world. (sureties/
certainties/ dangers/ safety)
3. As fossil fuel resources are running out, it is important for the government to fing some types of alternative
energy. (irreplaceable/ substitute/ impossible/ practical)
4. Reusing and recycling glass, plastic, paper and other products help to reduce waste and pollution, and
conserve natural resources. (damage/ reserve/ conserve/ reserve).

TOPIC 7: VOLUNTEER WORK

1.They were so about joining the local ...........(volunteer/, voluntary, voluntarily/ volunteerism) group that they
couldn’t sleep.
2. English teaching is considered a good example of a volunteer job which often turns ...........(off/ up/ on/ into) a
career.
3. Mr chen is more ......(single-minded/ narrow-minded/ absent-minded/ open-minded)because he has finally
agreed to allow his daughter to join an overseas volunteer organization in Africa.
4. A lot of generous businessmen have .....(done/ taken/ made/ given) valuable helping needy people.
5. Volunteer organizations are generally small-staffed, so they need to ...........(employ-v-thuê/mướn/ recruit/
research/ catch) a lot of volunteers for a huge event.
6. You’s better .......(promise/ do/ make/ pull) a commitment to being a volunteer on a regular basis.
7. They visit a retirement home and .........(spend/ lose/ waste/ consume) time doing fun activities for the elderly
who lack immediate family.
8. When you get involved ....a volunteer project, you are able to ..........(take/ put st/ bring/ push) your
knowledge
9. These ......(disadvantaged/ advantaged/ disadvantage/ advantage) children encounter:gặp phải many problems
and really need your help.
10. Many international volunteer organizations are trying to find a ........(way/ method/ suggestion/solution) to
the problem of world hunger.
11. Contact is ......(in place of:thay cho/ in charge of/ in case of/ in danger of) connecting students with
volunteer organizations abroad.
12. Football superstar David Beckham has a huge ......(head/ strength/ memory/ heart) for kids
13. Everyone can help the needy by making a ......(donate/ donation/ donor/ donating) to a charity organization.
14. ...........(voluntarily/ volunteer/ voluntary/ volunteers) believe some of the happiest people in the world are
those who help to bring happiness to others.
15. during summer holidays, university students are willing to take part in providing education for children in
remote=faraway and areas.
16. The lottery winner was willing to spend a considerable sum of money to ............(give away/ give in/ give
back/ give up) charity to help those in need.
17. The volunteer team..........(call back/ call off/ call on/ call out) students with various visual, hearing,
physical, and cognitive impairments every two month to give them both financial and spiritual
18. After they visit to that special school, we .....(acquainted/ had/ made/ realized) friends with some students
with reading disabilities.
19. Elderly housebound patients are aften those most in .......(case/ need/ time/ trouble) of pharmacy services.
20. The Youth Union in our school has decided to launched=carry out a/an .....(activity/ announcement/
campaign/decision) to rise/raise funds for local charities.
21. Joining a hand in helping your community helps you gain experience .....(in/out/ during/ into) many fields
such as education, social network and health care.
CLOSEST
1..........raising for charity is a meaningful thing for everyone to do to help the community.(meaningless/
significant/ important/ considerate-adj:chu đáo/ cân nhắc)
2. University students are willing to get involved in helping the old and childless people.(interfere with/
intervene in/ participate in/ invest in)
3. I got the teaching job in the Happy Child Charity Center just by chance. (accidentally/ purposefully/ easily/
immediately)
4. Every month, the volunteer group go to remote and moutainous areas to help those in need.(empty/ faraway/
crowded/ poor)
5. Mother teresa devoted herself to caring for the sick and the poor. (spent/ contributed/ gave up/ dedicated )
6. Children with cognitive impairments may have difficulty in learning basic skills like reading, writing or
problem solving.(have trouble with/ gain advantage over/ make arrangement for/ take advantage of)
7. They give care and comfort to the disadvantaged children and help them to get over difficulties.(accept/face/
overcome/ take)
8. Every year, the United Nations set ….. an activity to call for worldwide support for the rights and well-being
of disabled people.(apply for/ ask for/ care for/ persist in)
OPPOSITE
1.It is surprising that all the students in class 10A choose to do a project on “Helpng the needy”. (privileged/
impoverished/ disadvanteged/ miserable).
2. Both Care and oxfarm organizations have programmes to help people in underdeveloped countries improve
their lives. (thriving/ innovative/ developing/ ineconomic).
3. For a cleaner and greener community, everyone should reduce the amount of trash and take care of our
environment.(look after/ take after/ look out dor/ wipe out)
4. Young people are now getting more and more concerned about environmental pproblems.(worried/ nervous/
hopeless/ignored)
5. Economically disadvantaged students often drop out of school, choosing a low paying job to earn money.
(leave/ attend/ accept/ reject)
6. We are looking for camp helpers who are hard-working, energetic, and able to organise activities for young
people. (active/ dynamic/ passive/ reluctant)
7. After taking part in public activities in their community, they realize that they had been (ignored/ ignorant) or
narrowed-minded before.(open-minded/ like-minded/ strong-minded/ fair-minded)
Read    the   following  passage  and  mark  the letter A, B, C, or D to fits   each     of   the   numbered     
blanks.
Many people enjoy lying in bed in the morning, but can you imagine having to spend 90 days in bed? Could you
stand the boredom and the frustration of not being(1)..... to get up? That was the task that  faced 14 volunteers
when they started out on a bed-rest experiment being conducted (2)….. the European Space Agency.
The study had a serious purpose: to investigate the changes that take place in the human body during long-
duration spaceflight. Lying in a horizontal position was the best way of (3)…… weightlessness. The aim was to
discover what effect period of weightlessness will have on the health of astronauts spending several months on
the International Space Station.
The volunteers ate their meals, took showers and underwent medical tests without ever sitting up. That's even
tougher than it sounds, especially when you (4) ..…. that no visitors were permitted. However, each volunteer
did have a mobile phone, as well as access to the latest films, computer games and music.  Surprisingly,
Everyone was in a good  (5)  ..…. at the end of the 90 days, 'I would do it again,' said one of the volunteers. 'It
was disorientating, but we knew we were 'contributing to medical research and space exploration.'
1. A. enabled B. allowed C. granted D. approved
2. A. by B. on C. for D. about
3. A. stimulated B. stimulate C. to stimulate D. stimulating
4. A. reckon B. realize C. regard D. remark
5. A. attitude B. spirit C. feeling D. mood
Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to answer the following questions.
Volunteering offers many of the same social benefits, with the added bonus of helping others and
developing useful skills to put on your CV. Plus, students are in a unique position to help, suggests Tom Fox.
"They can take their enthusiasm and excitement for opportunities and share their passions, subject knowledge
and experience with people." The idea of giving up time for nothing might seem impractical at first, especially
once the pressures of study and coursework or exams begin to mount up. However, Michelle Wright, CEO of
charity support organization Cause4, suggests seeing volunteering as a two-way
street. "I think it is fine for undergraduates to approach volunteering as a symbiotic relationship where doing
good is just one part of the motivation for reaching personal and professional goals."
Katerina Rudiger, head of skills and policy campaigns at the Chartered Institute of Personnel and
Development (CIPD), says: "Volunteering can be a valuable way of gaining that experience, as well as building
confidence, broadening your horizons, becoming a better team player and developing those all-important
'employability skills' such as communication and decision making." Amanda Haig, graduate HR manager,
agrees that volunteering can help your employment prospects. "Volunteering can demonstrate positive
personality traits and skill sets, such as proactivity, and teamwork," she says.
A positive side-effect of volunteering is improving your time at university by getting involved in the
local community. Leaving the student bubble can make your time as an undergraduate much more varied. At
Bath Spa University, more than 1,000 students volunteered over the past year, doing everything from working
on local environmental projects to helping in schools or assisting the elderly. ”Quite often there can be a divide
between students and permanent residents," says students' union president Amy Dawson, "but if students invest
a little time now, they will be giving something back to the local
community and will reap the benefits in the future."
“You might also find that volunteering helps your studies if you choose the right program. At Lancaster,
volunteering is linked into academic modules in some cases", explains Fox. "This has multiple wins. Students
get to apply their learning in the classroom and share their interests with children in local schools or community
organizations, while schools gain skilled students with a passion for a subject that enthuses their pupils."
1: What is the most suitable title for this reading?
A. Volunteering at university
B. Volunteering helps employment prospects
C. Students should take part in extracurricular activities to put it on CV
D. The virtues of volunteering
2: Which of the following information is NOT mentioned in paragraph 1?
A. Many social benefits are provided by volunteering.
B. Students are likely to be enthusiastic for chances and share their interests with people.
C. Volunteering might increase the pressures of study and coursework or exam.
D. Michelle Wright recommends seeing volunteering as a two-way street
3.What is inferred from Michelle Wright’s opinion about volunteering? 
A. It helps to build confidence and broaden the horizons. 
B. It is a part of the motivation for reaching personal and professional goals. 
C. It helps to demonstrate positive personality traits and skill sets, such as proactivity, and teamwork 
D. It helps students to take their enthusiasm and excitement for opportunities and share their passions.
 4: The word “gaining” in paragraph 2 can be replaced by .....................
A. getting B. making C. lacking D. taking
5: Personality traits and skillsets include............................. .
A. communication and decision - making B. proactivity and collaboration
C. proactivity and confidence D. passions, subject knowledge and experience.
THE END.

TOPIC 8: HEALTH
STRESS
1. A. infectious B. essential C. precaution D. properly
2. A. ailment B. disease C. poultry D. nervous
3. A. digestive B. intestine C. condition D. evidence
4. A. acupuncturist B. circulatory C. ineffectively D. vegetarian
5. A. alternative B. bacteria C. respiratory D. scientific
PRONUNCIATION
1. A. allergy B. digest C. oxygen D. sugar
2. A. vitamin B. mineral C. diet D. fitness
3. A. medicine B. remedy C. exercise D. obesity
4. A. balanced B. yoga C. fatty D. natural
5. A. approach B. children C. chocolate D. stomach
VOCABULARY
1.Doctors said that if he practised .........(immune system/ mediatation/ acupuncture/ a diet) everydat, he could
keep his mind stress-free.
2. Sleep, rest and relaxation can slow down the ......(ageing process/ life expectancy/ choresteral/ health)
3. If you catch a cold, you should try natural....(medicines/ remedies/ foods/ ways) before taking any medicine.
4. Fast food .......(consumptions/ consuming/ consume/ consumption) can increase the risk of obesity and heart
disease.
5. Staying ..........(active/ actively/ inactive/ inactively) is half of the secret to weight control, the other half is
healthy diet.
6. After spending a week in bed, she made a complete .........(recover/ recovering/ recovery/. recovered)/
7. Daily exercise and weight control strongly inflience your chances of staying ........(health/ healthy/ healthily/
healthiness)
8. In addition to nutrious diet, a ......(stress-free/ sugar-free/ choresterol-free/ anti-ageing) lifestyle can boost
your health and increase your life expectancy.
9. people are always advised to ............(cut down/ cut off/ cut in/ cut down on) smoking because of its harm to
their health.
10. 500 years ago, the average human ..........(lifespan/ lifetime/ life cycle/ life length) was 40 years.
11. She wishes we hadn’t sent her thr candy yesterday because she’s on a .......(debt/ diet/ scale/ death)
12. In the wake of increasing food poisoning, many consumers have turned to vegetables grown ..............
(homely/ thickly/ wildly/ organically)
13. A healthy .........(balance/ control/ equality/ share) between work and play ensures/ insures that everyone has
a chance to enjoy his life.
14. The university graduates one of the highest percentages of registered dieticians ans ........(nutrition/ nutrients/
nutritionists/ nutritious)
15. You should take more exercises if you want to ..........(gain weght/ keep fir/ stay healthy)
16. Martine hasn’t quite .........(recovered from/ got over/ suffered from) his illness yet.
17. I’m feeling a bit ...........(above the weather/ under the weather) , I think I ‘m getting a cold.
CLOSEST
1.Hypertension is one of the most widepsread and potentially dangerous diseases. (stretched/ popular/ common/
scattered).
2. A series of programs have been broadcast to raise public awareness of healthy living. (experience/
understanding/ confidence/ assistance)
3. we wish you both health and longevity. (long life/ happy life/ easy life/ exciting life)
4. Human will enjoy longer life (expectancy/ expectation) when they are more conscious of what they eat and
do.(aware of/ capable of/ responsible for/ suitable for).
5. The doctor has advised him to cut down on his drinking.(add up/ give up/ useless of/ use up).
6. Here are some precautions for us to take when doing different types of physical activities. (satety measures/
safety levels/ safety rules/ safety factors)
OPPOSITE
1.According to most doctors, massage relieves pain and anxiety, eases depression and speeds up recovery from
illness (cools down/ holds back/ slows down/ carries off)
2. A chronic lack of sleep may make us irritable and reduce our motivation to work. (calm/ uncomfortable/
miserable/ responsive)
3. Turmeric can help in boosting immune system and fight off free radical attacks in the system. (destroying/
enhancing/ weakening/ stopping)
4. Fat people should resist the temptation to eat a lot sweet things. (go away/ go along/ go off/ go about)
5. Diabetes and obesity are the biggest threats to old people. (jeopary/ sanctuary/ immunity/ vulnerability)
6. Millions of people today are overweight and out of shape, which is due in part to their diet, which is often
high in sugars and fats. (underweight/ well-built/ overbalanced/ outranked)
7. This helps you both protect your respiratory system and prevent some diseases like lung cancer. (anticipate/
cause/ counteract/ forbid)
8. If you abuse too much coffee, you can’t boost your brain’s memory functions.(intensify/ enhance/ improve/
deter)
9. I’m feeling a bit under the weather- I think I’m getting a cold. (be green around the grills/ off-color/ as fit as
fiddle/ as dry as a bone)
10. Acupunture is considered to be very safe when enough precations are taken. (comfortable/ dangerous/ score/
unhealthy)
11. Care is also needed so that inner body parts (lungs, heart liver, etc...) are not touched by the needles.
(external/ foreign/ superficial/ visible)
12. Apart from being used as an ingredient in cooking, turmeric also promotes many health benefits.
(contributes/ discourages/ stimulates/ weakens)
13. Compound exercises can increase strength and size far effectively than isolation exercises. (light/ heavy/
mixed/ single)
Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to complete the passage.
Some doctors think that you should drink a glass of water each morning. You should  drink this
water first thing before doing anything else. The (25) ______ of the water should be similar to body
temperature; (26) ______ too hot nor too cold. Why should you drink this water? Water helps your body in
many ways. It helps clean out your kidneys. It prepares your stomach for (27) ______, Water can also
help your intestines work better. After  drinking water, the intestines can more easily take out
nutrients from our food. Water also helps us go to the bathroom more easily,
          Scientists suggest that people (28) ______ 1,600 milliliters of water each day. But don't drink all of
that water in one sitting. If you do, your kidneys will have to work much harder to eliminate it. It's better to
drink some in the morning and some in the afternoon. Some people think it's better to drink between
meals and not during meals. They think water dilutes the juices produced in our stomachs ,
(29)  ______ can interfere with   normal digestion. Are you drinking enough water every day? Check the
color of your urine. If it is light yellow, you are probably drinking enough. If your urine is very dark yellow,
you probably need to drink more water. A little more water each day could make you much  healthier!
1. A. moisture B. heat C. coolness D. temperature
2. A. either B. both C. neither D. but
3. A. digestion B. digestive C. digestible D. digest
4. A. Take out B. take up C. take in D. take off
5. A. that B. which C. who D. whom
Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to answer the questions.
People in the UK enjoy fewer years of good health before they die than the citizens of most comparable
European countries as well as Australia and Canada, a major report shows. While life expectancy has improved
by 4.2 years in the UK over the two decades, other countries have improved faster. In 2010, Spain topped the
league. Its people could expect 70.9 years of healthy life - before disease and disability began to take a toll.
Second came Italy, with 70.2 years and third was Australia, on 70.1 years. In the UK, we can expect 68.6
healthy years of life.
Hunt said the UK was a long way behind its global counterparts and called for action by local health
commissioners to tackle the five big killers - cancer, heart disease, stroke, respiratory and liver diseases.
Drinking and drug use have been the main issues behind the worsening of the UK's ranking in early deaths
among adults aged 20-54. In 2010, drugs were the sixth leading cause of death in this age group and alcohol was
18th - up from 32nd and 43rd place respectively 20 years earlier.
Hunt will on Tuesday announce a strategy to tackle cardiovascular disease, which he says could save
30,000 lives a year. "Despite real progress in cutting deaths, we remain a poor relative to our global cousins on
many measures of health, something I want to change," he said. "For too long we have been lagging behind and
I want the reformed health system to take up this challenge and turn this shocking underperformance around.”
However, the problem is only in part to do with hospital care - much of it is about the way we live. Our diet, our
drinking and continuing smoking habits all play a part, which assumes its responsibilities on 1 April.
 1. The best title for this passage could be ________.
A. Life expectancy in the UK in comparison with other countries 
B. The causes of early deaths in the UK 
C. Life expectancy in the UK and its efforts to solve health problems 
D. Five big killers in the UK
 2. The word “cardiovascular” in paragraph 2 could be best replaced by ________.
A. respiratory B. digestive  C. skeletal  D. cardiac
3.  According to the passage, what is NOT the cause of death in the UK?
A. drug B. alcohol  C. drinking  D. food
4. According to the passage, Hunt is showing his attempt to ________.
A. lower death rates  B. better the health system in the UK 
C. take up more challenge  D. change people's diet
5. The word “it” in paragraph 2 refers to .....................?
A. Challenge B. diet C. problem D. disease
THE END.

TOPIC 9: LIFE STORIES

STRESS
1. A. cancer B. manage C. patient D. prepare
2. A. talented B. create C. between D. decide
3. A. impact B. bumble C. starving D. emerge
4. A. reveal B. become C. famous D. inspire
5. A. logical B. provide C. publish D. orphan
6. A. anxious B. prosperous C. detective D. influence
7. A. graduation B. independence C. physician D. volunteer
8. A. innovative B. instrument C. absolutely D. relatively
9. A. influential B. generousity C. representative D. anomynous
10. A. experience B. characteristic C. environmental D. imagination
PRONUNCIATION
1. A. strongly B. bone C. solve D. voluntary
2. A. amputate B. innovate C. graduate D. passionate
3. A. admired B. judged C. waved D. presented
4. A. wow B. know C. show D. tow
5. A. mature B. adventure C. culture D. nature
6. A. fantasy B. attack C. statue D. journalist
7. A. diagnose B. distinguish C. dedicaction D. figure
8. A. mission B. gossip C. boss D. jobless
9. A. passed B. distinguished C. launched D. awarded
VOCABULARY
1.Any list of the greatest thinkers in history contains the name of the brilliant ................(physicist/ physician/
physical/ physics) Albert Einstein.
2. The film was so successful that the main character became a ...............(housework/ household/ homework/
housewife) name afterwards.
3. Despite all thee obstacles, Mariah’s determination to become a famous singer never................(fades/ wavers/
lessens/ reduces).
4. Martin Luther King devoted his life to the ................(effort/realization/ achievement/ performance) of voting
right for black people.
5. The magazine asked its readers to send in their comments about the new style of ................(present/
presentative/ presentation/ representative)
6. A musical diva, according to many, should be able to have a(n) .............. on the next generation of artists.
7. The new teaching method is supposed to .............. (dedicate/ inspire/ stimulate/ distnguish)students’
creativity.
8. A new campaign has already been ................(stimulated/ achieved/ launched/ determined) by all high schools
in the district to help disadvantaged children go to school.
9. Thre was a ....................(respectful/ respectable/ restive/ respect) two- minute silence as we remembered the
soldiers who died in the war.
10. The students admire Prof.Marshall not only for his ....................(wit/ wide/ large/ enormous) knowledge but
also his dedication to work.
11. The villagers rumoured that the boy was ..............(brought in/ brought up/ grown up/ raised up) by his uncle
and aunt not his parents.
12. She has an .................(amazing/ excellent/ talented/ simulative) voice that her fan stands in queue for houses
to get tickets for her concerts.
13. David Beckham is an English footballer who has played for Manchesterer united and Real Madrid, as well
as ...............(representation/ representing/ representative/ representatives) his country 100 times.
14. Mark Zuckerberge’s enormous success has taken a lot of work and .................(indifference/ dedication/
loyalty/ reputation).
15. Bill Gates has made large donations to numerous .................(charitable/ charitably/ charity/ charities)
organizations.
16. Marie Curie haboured the dream of a ..............(science/ scientific/ scientist/ scientifically) career which was
impossible for a woman at that time.
17. He behaved like an aldult. I think he is more ................(intelligent/ mature/ ambitious/ developed) than the
other boys at his class.
18. Jane is always determined to do anything she wants. She is a .................(ambitious/ determined/ brilliant/
humane) woman.
CLOSEST
1.We have a lot of talented amateur artists in Bolton as well as some well-known painters.(accomplished/
intelligent/ incompetent/ suitable).
2. Glasgow is working hard to overcome these problems and the city is undergoing rapid economic change.(get
over/ get through/ get out/ get across)
3. John collapsed and died of a brain hemorrhage in the kitchen of the house in Southampton after a night out
with friends.(passed by/ passed off/ passed away/ passed out).
4. The people who work with me are able to be more productive because I put a little less baggage in their way
than before. (prolific/ skillful/ infertile/ destructive).
OPPOSITE
1.They made many friends and were struck by the kindness, generosity and optimism of the local people.
(kindness/ stinginess/ suspicion/ hospitality)
2. The Yorkshire Project was launched in 1999 with the aim of re-establishing a wild population of the birds in
northern English. (commenced/ completed/ lifted off/ floated).
3. The Eighties were the decade if innovation and novelty in frozen and processed foods. (renovation/
transformation/ revolution/ stagnation).
4. It’s a comedic drama involving a birthday party, a video camera and an expected guest who never turns up.
(arrives/ departs/ appears/ disappears).

TOPIC 10: FAMILY LIFE

STRESS
1. A.reliable B. independent C. responsible D. decisiveness
2. A. difficult B. confident C. critical D. important
3. A. permission B. well-informed C. activity D. effective
4. A. routine B. problem C. lonely D. hygiene
 5. A. laundry B. punish C. depend D. reason
PRONUNCIATION
1. A. chore B. work C. more D. divorce
2. A. trashed B. considered C. balanced D. washed
3. A. prepare B. help C. benefit D. extend
4. A. husband B. contribute C. vulnerable D. mum
5. A. skill B. split C. children D. finance
VOCABULARY
1.I’m responsible for cooking dinner as my mother usually works ...............(lately/ latter/ later/ late).
2. I usually ....................(look into/ look after/ look for/ look up) my younger sisters when my parents are away
on business.
3. In my family, my father always takes charge of doing the ..............(strong/ hard/ heavy/ huge) lifting.
4. ................(taking out/ coming out/ pulling out/ bringing out) the rubbish in the early morning is a part of my
daily routine.
5. My wife is going on her business next week so I have to ..................(distribute/ control/ take/ bringing out)
most of the chores around the house.
6. As a blue-collar worker, he found it difficult to be in charge of the household ............(financial/ financially/
finances/ financier)
7. ..............(breadwinner/ homemaker/ servant/ houseman) is a person who works at home and takes care of the
house and family.
8. My mother and I often go to the supermarket to shop for .................(cook/ groceries/ heavy lifting/ the
chores) at weekends.
9. Her husband is very kind. He always cares ...............(about-in/ for-in/ about-on/ with-on) her and never puts
all of the housework ..........her.
10. To Ha, her father is the greatest person in the world and he always sets a good .........................(play an
important role / behaviour/ example/ take action) for her.
11. We take .............(action/ power/ note/ turns) in doing the washing –up, cleaning the floor and watering the
flowers.
12. Most of us will receive ...............(enormous/ big/ huge/ great) benefits when sharing the housework in their
family.
13. When getting into troubles, Jack never .....................(determines/ influences/ relies/ manages) on other
people for help. He always solves them on his own.
14. It was essential for him to be financially...................(dependent/ dependable/ undependable) of his parents,
so he decided to find a part-time job.
15. We’ve divided the group report into three parts and you’re ................(responsible/ irresponsible/ response/
responsive) for the conclusion (in conclusion, / come to/ reach a conclusion )one.
16. My father advised me to make a list of things to do and .......................(do/ arrange/ prioritize;ưu tiên/
approach:tiếp cận) them if you want to work effectively.
17. Despite my parents’ disagreement, i’m ..............(determined/ confident/ successful/ hesistant) to drop out of
university and establish my own business.
18. There are a lot of dirty clothes and sheets in Tom’s room, it’s time for him to do his ................(washing-up:
rửa bát/ garbage/ laundry/ household chores )
19. As a housewife, she stays at home and ...............(nurtures/ nurture/ nature/ natures) her children. She takes
care of them, feeds them and protects them to develop.
20. According to the survey, a lot of young people prefer to live in ..................(nuclear/ extended/ three
generation/ four generation) families which consists of parents and children.
21. You are old enough to take ......................(responsible/ responsibility/ respinsibly/ irresponsible) for what
you have done.
22. With greatly increased workloads:kl cv, everyone is .................(under/ above/ upon/ out of) pressure now. --.
Put pressure on sb
23. Belonging to a family is one bond almost everyone in the world shares, but family ..............(table manners/
styles/ patterns/ ways) vary from country to country.
24. In a few families in the United States, there are no children. These childless couples may bebieve that they
would not make good parents, they may want freedom from the responsibilities ...................(child-rearing/
child-bearing/ supported/ raised); or perhaps they are not physically able to have children.
25. The most important job for a family is to give ................(finance/ emotional/ personal/ individual) support
and security.
26. A family can be two or more people who shares goals and values, have long-term ................(commit/
commitments/ committed/ commutative) to one another, and usually live in the same house.
27. The traditional definition of a nuclear family is a family unit that ...................(insists/ contains/ comprise/
includes) two married parents of opposite genders and their bioligical or adopted children living in the same
residence.
28. My mother is a ..............(caring/ careless/ careful/ cared) woman. She does all the household chores to make
us more comfortable.
CLOSEST
1.Ms Mai asked me how she could divide household chores equally in her family. (make/ split/ give/ contribute)
2. Parents are recommended to collaborate with teachers in eduacting children. (intergrate/ cooperate/ seperate/
disagree)
3. In spite of poverty, we manage to raise our children properly. (give up/ go up/ make up/ bring up)
4. She decided to find a job to earn money instead of just living at home and being a housekeeper. (lend/ make/
borrow/ raise)
5. It is advisable that everyone in family shares the household duties.(views/ ideas/ jobs/ chores)
6. In the 20th century, most of the traditional attitudes to/towards remarriage are changing. (conventional/
contemporary/ latest/ new)
7. After consideration, teaching is still a career worth pursuing as I prefer to become a teacher like my mother
and my father. (work/ unemployment/ occupation/ professor)
8. The government needs to seek a solution to prevent domestic violence as soon as possible. (recreation/
remedy/ keyword/ technique)
9. Billy, come and give me a hand with cooking. (help/ prepared/ be busy/ attempt).
10. Whenever problems come up, we discuss them frankly and find solutions quickly.(happen/ encounter/
arrive/ clean)
11. My brothers love enjoying my dad in mending things around the house at weekends. (repairing/ amending/
replacing/ imparing)
12. John is the black sheep of the family. He is currently serving 5 years in jail for stealing a car.
OPPOSITE
1.She got up late and rushed to the bus stop. (came into/ went leisurely/ went quickly/ dropped by)
2. My family is the base from which we can go into the world with confidence. (excitement/ amazament/
embarrassment/ anxiety)
3. In my family, both my parents join hands to give us a nice house and a happy home.(work together/ work
individually/ work enthusiastically/ work responsibly).
4. My brothers are often very obedient to what I say. They are really lovable. (mischievous/ contumacious/
alienated/ disaffected)
5. From my point of view, parental divorce can cause lasting negative consequences for children. (beginning of
marriage/ the situation of not marrying/ single person/ ending of marriage )
6. In my view, husbands should contribute to the household duties in order to reduce burden on their wives.
(minimize/ lower/ decrease/ increase)
7. We try to create an atmosphere of comfort and security for our children. (satety/ harmony/ danger/ shelter).
8. When having days off, he always helps his wife tidy up the house. (clear up/ sort out/ arrange/ mess up).
9. His parents have been highly critical of his recent disobedience. (disapproving/ favourable/ crucial/
uncomplementary)
10. setting and clearing the table, making bed and taking out the trash are suitable chores for 8 to 10 year old
children. (inappropritate/ proper/ acceptable/ reasonable)
11. My parents seemed fully satisfied with the result of my entrance exam. (pleased / contented/ disappointed/
joyful).
 REVIEW ON UNIT 10: NATURE IN DANGER
I. Circle the word with the underlined letter(s) pronounced differently from that of the others.

1. A. chemical B. discharge C. change D. feature

2. A. nature B. nation C. suggestion D. situation
3. A. scatter B. panda C. capture D. devastate
4. A. danger B. village C. tiger D. origin
5. A. supply B. dirty C. energy D. happy
6. A. swallow B. switch C. sweet D. sword
7. A. wild B. prohibit C. environment D. survive
8. A. danger B. race C. maintenance D. discharg
9. A. supply B. survive C. industry D. agriculture
10. A. scenic B. extinct C. decrease D. coexist
II. Complete these sentences with the correct form of the verb in the list.
endanger scatter coexist pollute devastate
discharge prohibit survive protect capture
1. Many birds didn't ...... the severe winter.
2. Animals shouldn't be ...... for recreation arid entertainment.
3. The health of our children are being ...... by exhaust fumes.
4. The factory was fined for ...... chemicals into the river.
5. The explosion ...... a flock of birds roosting in the trees.
6. Laws have been introduced to ...... killing endangered animals,
7. The air in the city is heavily ...... with traffic fumes.
8. The government should do more to ...... the environment.
9. It is possible for local wildlife to ...... with industry.
10. Western India was ...... by a huge earthquake.
III. Choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentences.
1. The panda's ...... habitat is the bamboo forest.
A. nature B. natural C. naturalized D. naturally
2. Learners can feel very ...... if an exercise is too difficult.
A. courageous B. encouraging C. discouraged D. discouragingly
3. The ...... friendly products are designed not to harm the natural environment.
A. environment B. environmental C. environmentally D. environmentalism
4. The waste from the chemical factory is extremely .......
A. harm B. harmful C. unharmed D. harmless
5. People are destroying the air by adding ...... to it.
A. pollutants B. polluters C. pollution D. polluted
6. 14 per cent of primate species are highly .......
A. danger B. dangerous C. endanger D. endangered
7. The ...... of old buildings should be taken into consideration.
A. preserve B. preservation C. preservative D. preserves
8. You have to be aware of the damage humans are doing to quicken the ...... of wildlife.
A. extinct B. extinctive C. extinctions D. extinction
9. Animal ...... supporters gathered to protest' against hunting.
A. protect B. protection C. protective D. protectionist
10. The main threat to the ...... of these creatures comes from their loss of habitat.
A. survive B. survivor C. survival D. survivable
VI. Suggest corrections or improvements to these sentences or write () if they are already correct.
1. The playground wasn't used by the children for who it was built.
2. The house into which the thieves broke is owned by Peter Brown.
3. The building from that Mr Marcus emerged was little more than a ruin.
4. The party, to which I've been looking forward all week, is at Mary's house.
5. The water that she fell into was freezing cold.
6. The college is home to 30 students from Nepal, almost all of who are studying economics.
7. I have heard her on the violin and clarinet, both which she plays extremely well.
8. It was the perfect tree under that to sit on a hot, sunny day.
9. The film was made at Tulloch Castle, part of it dates back to 1466.
10. A huge amount of oil was spilled, the effects of which are still being felt.
VII. Complete each of the sentences with an appropriate preposition.
1. A number of rare animals are now in danger ...... extinction.
2. If people's interference ...... the environment decreases, more species will survive and produce off-spring.
3. The government should do more to protect rare animals ...... being extinct.
4. She believes there is life ...... other planets.
5. The EU has imposed a ban ...... the import of seal skins.
6. People are destroying the air by adding pollutants ...... it.
7. Human beings are responsible ...... the changes in the environment.
8. They are changing weather conditions by cutting ...... trees in the forests.
9. National parks should be set ...... to save animals and plants.
10. Raw sewage was discharged the treatment plant directly ...... the river.

TEST 1
I. PRONUNCIATION
Choose the word that has the underlined part pronounced differently from that of the others.
1. A. scatter B. nature C. danger D. race
2. A. exactly B. exist C. exhaust D. extinct
3. A. feature B. species C. weather D. decrease
4. A. survive B. prohibit C. fertilizer D. environment
5. A. decreased B. influenced C. endangered D. established
II. LANGUAGE FOCUS
A. Choose the word or phrase A, B, C, or D that best completes the sentence or substitutes for the
underlined word or phrase.
6. What exactly is the influence of air pollution ...... human beings?
A. to B. with C. on D. for
7. The campaign will hopefully ensure the survival ...... the tiger.
A. of B. for C. to D. on
8. It is possible for local wildlife to coexist ...... industry.
A. to B. of C. in D. with
9. The health of our children is being ...... by exhaust fumes.
A. danger B. endanger C. dangerous D. endangered
10. The society was set up to ...... endangered species from extinction.
A. prevent B. distinguish C. preserve D. survive
11. If people stop destroying animal's natural habitat, more species will survive and produce .......
A. offspring B. ecology C. landscape D. benefit
12. People in this region cultivate mainly rice and vegetables.
A. destroy B. grow C. develop D. support
13. Among the problems facing the national park's manager, the most serious ones are those of ...... and
expansion.
A. improvement B. reassessment C. distinction D. maintenance
14. Oil spills are having a devastating effect on coral reefs in the ocean.
A. powerful B. significant C. disastrous D. detectable
15. The factory was fined for ...... chemicals into the river.
A. discharging B. dumping C. producing D. exposing.
B. Choose the word or phrase A, B, C, or D that best completes the sentence.
16. Jean Fragonard was a French artist ...... portrait of children.
A. whose paintings B. who has painted C. who painted D. whose painted
17. The smoke from burning fuels causes pollution if it ...... into the atmosphere.
A. releases B. is released C. will be released D. released.
18. Portland, Maine, is ...... the poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow spent his early years.
A. where B. it where C. where is D. which is where
19. Walkers can unwittingly damage the fragile environment .......
A. that the birds live B. where the birds live in C. which live the birds D. in which the birds live
20. Wild animals ...... in their natural habitat will have a better and longer life than those which are kept in
protected areas.
A. live B. to live C. living D. lived
21. There should be some measures to protect the humpback whale, ...... an endangered species.
A. to consider B. considered C. consider D. is considered
22. We should participate in the movement ...... to conserve the natural environment.
A. organized B. to organize C. organizing D. organize
23. The purchase of wild animals .......
A. should ban B. must ban C. have to be banned D. must be banned
24. The school has been given 20 computers, half of ...... are brand new.
A. that B. those C. them D. which
25. The computer, ...... the memory capacity has just been upgraded, is among the latest generations.
A. that B. whose C. of which D. which of
C. Choose word or phrase - A, B, C or D – that needs correcting.
26. Despite of a language barrier, humans have managed to communicate with others through sign language, in
which certain motions stand for letters, words, or ideas.
27. Radio stations at which broadcast only news first appeared in the 1970s.
28. JKL Motorbikes sells six different models, the first which they started making in 1985.
29. Visitors were not permitted entering the park after dark because of the lack of security and lighting.
30. If Monique had not attended the party, she never would meet her old friend Dan, whom she had not seen in
years.
II. READING
A. Fill in each blank with one appropriate word from the box.
represents fueled oversee alarming lost imported
establish reduced covered sought derived cleared.
The rate at which the deforestation of the world is proceeding is (31) ........ In the 1950 approximately 25
percent of the earth's land surface had been (32) ....... with forests, and less than twenty-five years later the
amount of the forest land was (33) ....... to 20 percent. This decrease from 25 percent to 20 percent from 1950 to
1973 (34) ....... an astounding 20 million square kilometers of forests. Predictions are that all, additional 20
million square kilometers of forest land will be (35) ....... by 2020.
The majority of deforestation is occuring in the tropical forests in developing countries, (36) ....... by the
developing countries' need for increased agricultural land and the desire on the part of developed countries to
import wood and wood products. More than 90 percent of the plywood

used in the United States, for example, is (37) ....... from, developing countries with tropical rain forests. By the
mid-1980s, solutions to this expanding problem were being (38) ......., in the form of attempts to (39) ....... an
international regulatory organization to (40) ....... the use of tropical forests.
B. Read the passage carefully, then choose the correct answers.
The natural world is under violent assault from man.
The seas and rivers are being poisoned by radioactive wastes, by chemical discharges and by the dumping of
dangerous toxins and raw sewage. The air we breathe is polluted by smoke and fumes from factories and motor
vehicles; even the rain is poisoned.
It's little wonder forests and lakes are being destroyed and everywhere wildlife is disappearing. Yet the
destruction continues.
Governments and industries throughout the world are intensifying their efforts to extract the earth's mineral
riches and to plunder its living resources. The great rainforests and the frozen continents alike are seriously
threateneD. And this despite the warnings of the scientific community and the deep concern of millions of
ordinary people.
Despite the fact, too, that we can create environmentally-clean industries, harness the power of the sun, wind
and waves for our energy needs and manage the finite resources of the Earth in a way that will safeguard our
future and protect all the rich variety of life forms which share this planet with us.
But there is still hope. The forces of destruction are being challenged across the globe - and at the spearhead of
this challenge is Greenpeace.
Wherever the environment is in danger, Greenpeace has made a stand.
Its scientific presentations and peaceful direct actions at sea and on land have shocked governments and
industri1es into an awareness that Greenpeace will not allow the natural world to be destroyed. Those actions,
too, have won the admiration and support of millions.
Now you can strengthen the thin green line; you can make your voice heard in defence of the living world by
joining Greenpeace today. Thank God someone's making waves.
41. Which of these statements is not made?
A. Drinking water is polluted. B. Radioactive waste poisons the sea.
C. Sewage isn't processed. D. Cars and factories poison the air.
42. The writer ............
A. is surprised that the rain is poisoned.
B. is unsured why the air is polluted.
C. wonders why the natural world is being destroyed.
D. understands why forests and lakes are being destroyed.
43. Rainforests are being destroyed because governments and industries .......
A. are unaware of what they're doing wrong.
B. are rich and powerful.
C. choose to ignore criticism.
D. basically care about the environment.
44. The earth's resources ..........
A. should only be for people B. can be made to last longer.
C. will last forever. D. belong to just humans and animals
45. Governments and industries ............
A. don't know what Greenpeace thinks.
B. are forced to understand the problems by Greenpeace.
C. can easily ignore Greenpeace.
D. misunderstand what Greenpeace thinks.

TEST 2
I. PRONUNCIATION
Choose the word that has the main stress placed differently from the others.
1. a. protect b. prohibit c. pollute d. cultivate
2. a. agriculture b. extinction c. environment d. establishment
3. a. nature b. dangerous c. interfered d. devastating
4. a. capture b. discharge c. survive d. extinct
5. a. fertilizer b. interference c. maintenance d. offspring
II. LANGUAGE FOCUS
A. Choose the word or phrase - a, b, c or d - that best completes the sentence.
6. The government is thinking of bringing ______ a law to prohibit the killing of endangered animals.
a. on b. up c. in d. round
7. In some countries environmental organizations have been ______ to inform people and gain their support.
a. made up b. set up c. brought up d. taken up
8. We continue to ______ rainforests and increase the dangers of global warming.
a. cut off b. cut in c. cut out d. cut down
9. In some countries there have been widespread demands for the ______ of seal hunting.
a. extinction b. disappearance c. abolition d. establishment
10. Some people have a more ______ attitude towards animals than they do towards children.
a. human b. humane c. humanized d. humanistic
11. ______ aren't effective anymore because insects have become resistant to them.
a. Fertilizers b. Pesticides c. Herbicides d. Composts
12. They started a campaign to ______ smoking among teenagers.
a. encourage b. decrease c. discourage d. prohibit
13. If we do not take steps to protect the world's wild life, many species of birds and animals are likely to
______ completely.
a. die out b. die down c. die away d. die from
14. The Earth will be a planet where' human beings, animals and plants live in peaceful ______.
a. cooperation b. coordination c. corporation d. coexistence
15. Overharvesting brought North American alligators to ______ in their natural habitats.
a. nearly extinct b. near extinction c. extinct near d. extinction nearly
B. Choose the word or phrase - a, b, c, or d - that best completes the sentence.
16. The environmentalists hope ______ the forest to its former condition.
a. to restore b. restoring c. restored d. having restored
17. Several cars ______ owners had parked them under the trees, were damaged.
a. their b. of which c. whom d. whose
18. My English teacher, Mrs Brookes, was someone ___ I had great respect.
a. that b. whom c. for who d. for whom
19. If coastal erosion continues to take place at the present rate, in another fifty years this beach ______
anymore.
a. doesn't exist b. isn't going to exist c. isn’t existing d won't be existing
20. She joined the local tennis club, ______ were at least 60.
a. most of its members b. most whose members
c. most of whose members d. most members
21. Since 1950 the world ______ nearly one-fifth of the top soil from its agricultural land and one-fifth of its
tropical forests.
a. was losing b. is losing c. had been lost d. has lost
22. A lack of cross-cultural awareness can result in misinterpretation, _____
a. that offense may cause b. which may cause offense
c. those may cause offense d. for which may cause offense
23. So thick and rich ______ of Illimois that early settlers there were unable to force a plow through it.
a. as the soil b. the soil was c. was the soil d. the soil
24. Fleming's discovery of penicillin, ______, had a major influence on the lives of people in the 20th century.
a. awarded the Nobel Prize b. which awarded the Nobel Prize
c. that he was awarded the Nobel Prize for d. for which he was awarded the Nobel .Prize
25. ______ think of metallurgy as a modern field of science, but it is actually one of the oldest.
a. Although many people b. Many people c. Many people who d. That many people
C. Choose the word or phrase - a, b, c or d - that needs correcting.
26. Among us students are many foreigners whose attend language classes at the south campus.
27. Is it right that politicians should make important decisions without consulting the public to who they are
accountable?
28. The environment where wild animals are living is now badly destroying.
29. AU nations may have to make fundamental changes in their economic, political, and the technological
institutions if they are to preserve the environment.
30. Soon after Mel has finished his thesis, he will leave for Boston, where he has a job waiting on him.
31. Many of the important products obtained from trees, one of the most important is wood pulp, which is used
in paper-making.
32. Biochemists have solved many of the mysteries about phonosynthesis, the process which plants make food.
33. Air pollution, together with littering, are causing many problems in our large, industrial cities today.
34. The area where a microchip is manufactured must be the most cleanest environment possible.
35. The mining of materials often bring about the destruction of landscapes and wildlife habitats.
III. READING
A. Read the text below and decide which answer- a, b, c or d - best fits each space.
In the 1972 the Australian government (36) ______ a quota system which allowed a (n) (37) ______ number of
kangaroos to be killed or 'culled' every year. Legislation was introduced because farmers claimed that the
kangaroos were (38) ______ their crops. The problem is that (39) ______ two and a half million kangaroos can
be killed legally each year, a futher two and a half million are killed illegally. The animals are killed for a
variety of (40) ______. The main one, however, is that kangaroo meat is sold for human (41) ______ usually in
the (42) ______ of steaks - or is used as pet food. There are also thousands of dollars to be made (43) ______
the sale of their skins.
The environmental group Greenpeace and Australia's Animal Liberation (AAL) are now campaigning for a ban
(44) ______ the sale of all kangaroo products. They (45) ______ that this will stop unscrupulous farmers killing
the animal for (46) ______. A spokesperson for AAL said, ‘People aren't concerned because there are still (47)
______ six million kangaroos in Australia so they are (48) ______ an endangered species. People just don't care
about (49) ______ like this unless there is a real threat. But we know certain types have already become extinct
in some areas. We must act now (50) ______ it is too late.
36. a. introduced b. produced c. turned out d. offered
37. a. approximate b. certain c. estimated d. unknown
38. a. enriching b. injuring c. ruining d. spoiling
39. a. while b. because c. when d. unless
40. a. results b. pretexts c. excuses d. reasons
41. a. consumption b. need c. employment d. usage
42. a. shape b. disguise c. form d. figure
43. a. by b. during c. for d. from
44. a. on b. of c. for d. against
45. a. claim b. hope c. wonder d. consider
46. a. interest b. profit c. benefit d. advantage
47. a. exceedingly b. another c. over d. above
48. a. never b. hardly c. seldom d. unlikely
49. a. issues b. tasks c. duties d. cases
50. a. when b. unless c. until d. before
B. Read the text carefully then choose the correct answers.
Since the world became industrialized, the number of animal species that have either become extinct or have
neared extinction has increased. Bengal tigers, for instance, which 'once roamed the jungles in vast numbers,
now number only about 2,300. By the year 2025, it is estimated that they will become extinct.
What is alarming about the case of the Bengal tiger is that this extinction will have been caused almost entirely
by poachers who, according to some sources, are not always interested in material gain but in personal
gratification. This is an example of the callousness that is contributing to the problem of extinction. Animals
such as the Bengal tiger, as well as other endangered species, are valuable parts of the world's ecosystem.
International laws protecting these animals must be enacted to ensure their survival - and the survival of our
planet.
Countries around the world have begun to deal with the problem in various ways. Some countries, in an effort to
circumvent the problem, have allocated large amounts of land to animal reserves. They then charge admission
prices to help defray the costs of maintaining the parks, and they often must also depend on world organizations
for support. This money enables them to invest in equipment and patrols to protect the animals. Another
response to the increase in animal extinction is an international boycott of products made from endangered
species. This has' had some effect, but by itself It will not prevent animals from being hunted and killed.
51. What is the main topic of the passage?
a. The Bengal tiger b. International boycotts
c. Endangered species d. Problems with industrialization
52. The word 'poachers' used in line 7 could be best replaced by which of the followings?
a. Illegal hunters b. Enterprising researchers.
c. Concerned scientists d. Trained hunters
53. What is an act of cruelty according to the passage?
a. Having interest in material gain.
b. Hunting endangered animals.
c. Killing animals for personal satisfaction.
d. Causing the problem of extinction. .
54. Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage as a way to protect animals from extinction?
a. Introduce laws to prohibit the killing of endangered animals.
b. Establish wildlife reserves.
c. Refuse to buy animal products.
d. Raise money to invest in equipment and patrol.
55. Which of the following best describes the author's attitude?
a. Forgiving b. Surprised c. Vindictive d. Concerned

UNIT 11: SOURCES OF ENERGY

II. Complete the sentence with the correct form of the verb in the box.
 exhaust release alternate research relate
supply renew pollute harm finite
1. Coal, gas and oil are ______ forms of energy that can not be replaced after used.
2. The nuclear plant provides a fifth of the nation's energy ______.
3. Solar energy is not only plentiful and ______ but also clean and safe.
4. Increased consumption will lead to faster ______ of our natural resources.
5. Electricity companies were criticized for failing to develop ______ energy sources.
6. Oxygen from the water is ______ into the atmosphere.
7. Fossil fuels will be exhausted within a ______ short time.
8. How to make full use of these sources of energy is a question for ______ all over the world.
9. These pesticides are environmentally ______.
10. Water power provides energy without ______.
III. Replace the relative clauses by an infinitive or infinitive phrase.
1. He was the first man who left the burning building.
_____________________________________________________
2. The last person who leaves the room must turn out the lights.
_____________________________________________________
3. The child is lonely; he would be happier if he had someone that he could play with.
_____________________________________________________
4. Here are some accounts that you must check.
_____________________________________________________
5. My brother is the only one who realized the danger.
_____________________________________________________
6. The Queen Elizabeth is the largest ship which has been built on the Clyde.
_____________________________________________________
7. We had a river in which we could swim.
_____________________________________________________
8. She said that she wasn't going to buy any cards; she hadn't anyone to whom she could send cards.
_____________________________________________________
9. Neil Armstrong was the first man who walked on the moon.
_____________________________________________________
10. The fifth man who was interviewed was entirely unsuitable.
_____________________________________________________
11. I wish we had a garden that my children could play in.
_____________________________________________________
12. I have some homework that I must do tonight.
_____________________________________________________
13. Have you brought a book that Kevin can read?
_____________________________________________________
14. She is the only woman who was appointed to the board.
_____________________________________________________
15. The floor is dusty but I haven't got a brush that I can sweep it with.
_____________________________________________________
IV. Change all of the adjective clauses to adjective phrases. Use the participles.
1. Only a few of the movie that are shown at the Gray Theater are suitable for children.
_____________________________________________________
2. The couples who live in the house next door are both college professors.
_____________________________________________________
3. A knuckle is a point that connects a finger to the rest of the hand.
_____________________________________________________
4. Antarctica is covered by a huge ice cap that contains 70 percent of the earth's fresh water.
_____________________________________________________
5. Only a small fraction of the eggs that are' laid by a fish actually hatch and survive to adulthood.
_____________________________________________________
6. Our solar system is in a galaxy that is called the Milky Way.
_____________________________________________________
7. None of the pedestrians who were walking up and down the busy street stopped to help the elderly man who
was slumped in the door way.
_____________________________________________________
8. Food that passes from the mouth to the stomach goes through a tube which is called the esophagus.
_____________________________________________________
9. Animals that are born in a zoo generally adjust to captivity better than those that are captured in the wild.
_____________________________________________________
10. The children attended a special movie program that consisted of cartoons that featured Donald Duck and
Mickey Mouse.
_____________________________________________________
11. The Indians who lived in Peru before the discovery of the New World by Europeans belonged to the Incan
culture.
_____________________________________________________
12. I was awakened by the sound of laughter which came from the room which was next to mine at the motel.
_____________________________________________________

TEST 1
I. PRONUNCIATION
Choose the words that has the underlined part pronounced differently from that of the others.
1. a. exhaust b. source c. enormous d. cause
2. a. sun b. solar c. safe d. sure
3. a. heat b. great c. release d. reach
4. a. geothermal b. power c. solar d. hydro
5. a. polluted b. consume c. nuclear d. fuel
II. LANGUAGE FOCUS
A. Choose the word or phrase - a, b, c or d that best completes the sentence or substitutes for the
underlined word or phrase.
6. The amount of solar energy that reaches the earth depends ______ the atmosphere.
a. to b. in c. on d. with
7. The natural environment consists ______ all natural resources.
a. in b. of c. to d. on
8. Solar energy can be changed ______ electricity.
a. in b. to c. into d. for
9. Oil, coal and natural gas are ______ fuels made from decayed material from animal or plants.
a. unleaded b. smokeless c. solid d. fossil
10. A nuclear reactor releases ______ which is dangerous to the environment.
a. radiation b. heat c. energy d. carbon dioxide
11. We could make better ______ of our energy resources.
a. spend b. use c. need d. limit
12. The government has spent £1 million on an advertising ______ to encourage energy conservation.
a. campaign b. promotion c. operation d. enterprise
13. All fossil fuels are ______ resources that cannot be replaced after use.
a. unlimited b. renewable c. available d. non-renewable
14. Solar energy is not only plentiful and infinite but also clean and safe.
a. boundless b. unlimited c. uncountable d. inflexible
15. Many newer cars have a much lower fuel ______.
a. consuming b. consumer c. consumation d. consumption
B. Choose the word or phrase - a, b, c or d that best completes the sentence.
16. Nellie Ross of Wyoming was the first woman ______ governor in the United States.
a. who elected b. to be elected c. was elected d. her election as
17. Pioneers, ______ in isolated areas of the United States, were almost totally self-sufficient.
a. who living b. living c. lived d. that Iived
18. Completed in 1756, Nassau Hall is the oldest building now ______ on the campus of Princeton University. .
a. standing b. it stands c. has stood d. stood
19. Jerome Kern's most famous work is Showboat, ______ , most enduring musical comedies.
a. it is one of the finest b. of the finest one c. the finest one d. one of the finest
20. ______ in large quantities in the Middle East, oil became known as black gold because of the large profit it
brought.
a. Discovering b. which was discovered c. Discovered d. That when discovered
21. Neil Armstrong, ______ person to set foot on the moon, reported that the surface was fine and powdery.
a. the first b. to be the first c. was the first d. as the first
22. The Massachusetts State House, ______ in 1798, was the most distinguished building in the United States at
that time.
a. completing b. which was completed c. was completed d. to be completed
23. Lady Astor was the first woman ______ her seat in Parliament.
a. take b. to take c. taking d. who takes
24. Norman Weiner, ______ mathematician and logician, had an important role in the development of the
computer.
a. who as a b. was a c. whom a d. a
25. War and Peace, ______, was published in 1869.
a. Leo Tolstoy's most celebrated novel b. that is Leo Tolstoy's most celebrated novel
c. which most celebrated novel of Leo Tolstoy d. is a Leo Tolstoy's most celebrated novel
C. Choose word or phrase - a, b, c or d – that needs correcting.
26. Louisa May Alcott, she best known for her books for children, served as a nurse during the Civil War.
27. I went to a reunion for students educating in the physics department during the 1980s.
28. Natural resources provide the raw material are needed to produce. finished goods.
29. In an essay writing in 1779, Judith Sargeant Murray promoted the cause of women's education.
30. It was suggested that Pedro studies the material more thoroughly before attempting to pass the exam.
III. READING
A. Fill in each blank with one appropriate word from the box.
matter consuming filthy dangerous supply available
reachs contain conservation safe renewable correct
Solar energy, air and water are, usually called (31) ______, resources because there is an unlimited (32) ______,
of them. However, this definition may change if people are not careful with the (33) ______, of these resources.
The quality of solar energy that (34) ______ the earth depends on the atmosphere. If the atmosphere is polluted,
the solar energy reaching the earth may be (35) ______. If life is about to continue, the air must (36) ______ the
appropriate amount of N, O2, CO2 and other gases. If humans continue to pollute the air, it will not contain the
(37) ______ amount of these gases. Water is also a (38) ______ to take into consideration. Industry is making
our water (39) ______. Therefore, resources must be conserved, the air and water must be protected. (40)
______ must play important part in life.
B. Read the passage carefully, then choose the correct answers.
The search for alternative sources of energy has led in various directions. Many communities are burning
garbage and other biological waste products to produce electricity- Converting waste products to gases or oil is
also an efficient way to dispose of wastes. Experimental work is being done to derive synthetic fuels from coal,
oil shale, and coal tars. But to date, that process has proven expensive. Other experiments are underway to
harness power with giant windmills. Geothermal power is also being tested. Some experts expect utility
companies to revive hydroelectric power derived from streams and rivers. Fifty years ago hydroelectric power
provided one third of the electricity used in the United States, but to day it supplies only 4 percent. The oceans
are another potential source of energy. Scientists are studying ways to convert the energy of ocean currents,
tides, and waves to electricity. Experiments are also underway to make use of temperature differences in ocean
water to produce energy.
41. What is the best title of the passage?
a. The Use of Water Products for Energy b. The Search for Alternative Sources of Energy
c. Efficient Ways of Disposing of Waste d. New Discoveries in Geothermal Power
42. What provided one third of the electricity in the United States fifty years ago?
a. wind b. waste products c. water d. oil
43. What could Rest replace the phrase 'geothermal power' in the passage?
a. heat from the earth b. gases in the earth's atmosphere
c. steam that shot up out of the earth d. water in the ocean, lake, or river
44. Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage as an alternative source of energy?
a. Burning of garbage b. Geothermal power c. Synthetic fuels d. Electricity.
45. According to the author, what is the impracticability of using coal, oil shale and coal tars' as sources of
energy due to?
a. They take a lot of time b. They are expensive
c. They are non-renewable resources d. They are scarce resources
46. What can be inferred from the paragraph?
a. All alternative production of energy will be derived from water.
b. Hydroelectric power will be the main source of energy.
c. Synthetic fuels will be the principal source of alternative energy.
d. Alternative energy will come from a variety of sources.

UNIT 11 TEST 2
I. PRONUNCIATION
Choose the word that has the main stress placed differently from the others.
1. a. energy b. exhausted c. natural d. plentiful
2. a. electricity b. geothermal c. alternative d. radiation
3. a. available b. potential c. unlimited d. infinite
4. a. release b. supplies c. nuclear d. convenient
5. a. ecologist b. fertilizer c. dangerous d. scientist
II. LANGUAGE FOCUS
A. Choose the word or phrase -a, b, c or d that best completes the sentence.
6. He has ______ extensive research into renewable energy sources.
a. carried out b. turned on c. taken over d. cared for
7. One danger is in ______ radioactive wastes which are produced during nuclear reactions.
a. consisting of b. getting rid of c. making use of d. taking care of
8. We should develop such ______ sources of energy as solar energy and nuclear energy.
a. tradition b. alternative c. revolutionary d. surprising
9. There is now increasing concern about the world's energy ______ particularly about those involving fossil
fuels.
a. possessions b. goods c. materials d. resources
10. It’s important for the developed countries to reduce energy ______ as much as possible.
a. exhaustion b. destruction c. consumption d. waste
11. The world’s coal ______ should last longer but, once used, these cannot be renewed.
a. reserves b. reservations c. stores d. storage
12. ______ energy sources include water and wind power.
a. Friendly environmental b. Environmentally friendly
c. Friendly environment d. Environmental friendly
13. The ______ of these toxic substances into the environment is potentially devastating.
a. delivery b. release c. distribution d. research
14. Increased consumption will lead to faster ______ of our natural resources.
a. exhaust b. exhausting c. exhaustion d. exhaustive
15. ______ is produced from the heat stored in the earth's core.
a. Geothermal energy b. Nuclear energy c. Solar energy d. Water energy
B. Choose the word or phrase -a, b, c or d that best completes the sentence.
16. Hydroelectric power is produced by the fall of water ______ in a dam.
a. trapping b. trapped c. to be trapped d. that trapped
17. Coal was the first fuel ______ to power machinery.
a. is used b. using c. to use d. to be used
18. A huge amount of solar energy ______ the earth's outer atmosphere.
a. reach b. reaches c. that reaches d. is reached
19. ______ is more interested in rhythm than in melody is apparent from his compositions.
a. That Philip Glass b. Philip Glass, who c. Philip Glass d. Because Philip Glass
20. There are over 2,000 varieties of snake, ______ are harmless to humans.
a. mostly they b. most of them c. most of which d. which most
21. For many years people have wondered ______ exists elsewhere in the universe.
a. that life b. life which c. whether life d. life as it
22. Computers and new methods of communication ______ the modern office.
a. have revolutionized b. to have revolutionized
c. that have revolutionized d. has revolutionized
23. Seldom ______ each other anymore.
a. we have seen b. do we see c. we do see d. we see
24. Dry cleaning is the process ______ clothes are cleaned in liquids other than water.
a. by b. which through c. by which d. through
25. It's time the government ______ something to encourage people to conserve energy.
a. do b. did c. have done d. will do
C. Choose the word or phrase - a, b, c or d - that needs correcting.
26. Grover Cleveland was the only American president served two nonconsecutive terms.
27. The world's rain forests are being cut down at the rate on 3,000 acres per hour.
28. Many environmentalists fear that the earth will run out essential natural resourses before the end of the
twenty-fifth century.
29. Chicago's Sears Tower, now the tallest building in the world, rises 1,522 feet from the ground, to the top of
it antenna.
30. In just three months H.G. Wells wrote the famous classic The Time Machine for what he won a Newberry
Caldecot award.
31. If the concentration of chlorine in water is careful controlled, it will not harm human beings.
32. Because much species of plants and animals in Hawaii ate threatened with extinction within a short period
of time, scientists are trying desperately to rescue them.
33. Every fuel has their own particular temperature at which it begins to burn.
34. Nuclear energy, a almost limitless source of power, was harnessed during the mid-1900s.
35. Her many friends, among who I like to be considered, gave her encouragement.
III. READING
A. Read the text below and decide which answer - a, b, c or d - best fits each space.
Although they are safe to use in the short term, coal, gas and oil present a long-term (36) ______ to the
environment. All three types of fossil fuels produce carbon dioxide in (37) ______ greater .quantities than plants
can use. The carbon dioxide then (38) ______ in the atmosphere and may even increase the earth's 'heat load'
and lead to global (39) _____ in temperature. Furthermore, all three fossil 'fuels are (40) ______ forms of
energy. Geothermal power is (41) ______ ever to be an energy source of major importance. It is limited and is
exploitable in only a few places. Hydro-power offers a much more useful source of energy. It is also renewable
but its (42) ______ is limited. Dams cannot be built in certain areas. In addition, large dams are also (43)
______ of causing changes in the world's climate. Wind power is a (44) ______ source of renewable energy but
it cannot be used in many parts of the world where there is (45) ______ wind. Wave power is better source of
energy in certain ways but it is clearly not practicable to build (46) ______ across every river estuary or to cover
seas with expensive equipment. It is also ineffective where the sea is usually calm. Solar power is renewable, it
does not cause pollution and it does not add to the earth's heat (47) ______. Unfortunately, solar power is not
distributed equally, and in the northern latitudes it is difficult to (48) ______ and store. Solar power' also
requires expensive equipment. Finally, nuclear power provides a very (49) ______ and renewable power source.
However, not only is there a great danger of leaks or accidents but there is also the problem of the (50) ______
of radioactive waste.
36. a. warning b. fight c. threat d. demand
37. a. more b. far c. very d. every
38. a. accumulates b. disperses c. discharges d. releases
39. a. raise b. change c. drop d. rise
40. a. renewed b. non-renewed c. renewable d. non-renewable
41. a. mostly b. unlikely c. highly d. mainly
42. a. availability b. alternativity c. consumption d. development
43. a. consisting b. composed c. capable d. typical
44. a. power-free b. limit-free c. problem-free d. pollution-free
45. a. inefficient b. insufficient c. unlimited d. nonexistent
46. a. harbors b. banks c. dams d. systems
47. a. loss b. exhaustion c. dispersion d. load
48. a. collect b. save c. gain d. pick
49. a. potential b. efficient c. convenient d. dangerous
50. a. supply b. solution c. disposal d. influence
B. Read the passage carefully, then choose the correct answers.
At present, people depend on unlimited energy to power their everyday lives. A wide range of energy-run
devices and modern conveniences are taken for granted, and although it may seem that we will never be in
danger of living without those conveniences, the fact is that many supplies of energy are dwindling rapidly.
Scientists are constantly searching for new sources of power to keep modern society running. Whether future
populations will continue to enjoy the benefit of abundant energy will depend on the success of this search.
Coal, oil, and natural gas supply modern civilization with most of its power. However, not only are supplies of
these fuels limited, but they are a major source of pollution. If the energy demands of the future are to be met
without seriously harming the environment, existing alternative energy sources must be improved or further
explored and developed. These include nuclear, water, solar, wind, and geothermal power, as well as energy
from new, nonpolluting types of fuels. Each of these alternatives, however, has advantages and disadvantages.
Nuclear power plants efficiently produce large amounts of electricity without polluting the atmosphere;
however, they are costly to build and maintain, and they pose the daunting problem of what to do with nuclear
wastes. Hydroelectric power is inexpensive and environmentally safe, but impractical for communities located
far from moving water. Harnessing energy from tides and waves has similar drawbacks. Solar power holds great
promise for the future but methods of collecting and –concentrating sunlight are as yet inefficient, as are
methods of harnessing wind power.
Every source of energy has its disadvantages. One way to minimize them is to use less energy. Conservation
efforts coupled with renewable energy resources, such as a combination of solar, water, wind, and geothermal
energy and alternative fuels, such as alcohol and hydrogen, will ensure supplies of clean, affordable energy for
humanity's future.
51. The passage suggests that ______.
a. people use energy without giving great thought to 'where it's coming from.
b. the search for energy sources is mainly a problem for the future
c. scientists believe we will never have to go without our modern conveniences
d. modern society requires a minimum amount of energy to keep running
52. It can be implied from the passage that ______.
a. most alternative energy sources have proven to be impractical
b. many alternative energy' sources. are environmentally hazardous
c. nuclear power solves one problem while creating others
d. solar and wind power are not promising for the future
53. From the passage, it can be inferred that to solve our energy problems ______.
a. we will have to stop using many of our modern conveniences
b. scientists will have to find one major source of nonpolluting energy
c. scientists will have to find ways to increase our supplies of coal, oil and gas
d. a combination of conservation and invention will be needed
54. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
a. The search for alternative energy sources is not over.
b. Our present energy sources must be eliminated and replaced with alternatives sources.
c. Alternative sources of energy on this planet are very limited.
d. Demand; for energy in the future are likely to decrease.
55. Which of the following is not true according to the passage?
a. The amount of fossil fuels in the world is limited.
b. Most alternative energy sources are environmentally friendly.
c. Hydroelectric power is impractical because of its being money consuming.
d. It is impossible to use wind power efficiently at present.

UNIT 12 TEST1
I. PRONUNCIATION
Choose the word - a, b, c or d - that has the underlined part pronounced differently from that of the
others.
1. a. attract b. aquatic c. added d. facility
2. a. athlete b. appreciate c. wrestling d. freestyle
3. a. gather b. athletics c. enthusiam d. through
4. a. compete b. sport c. effort d. introduce
5. a. attracted b. added c. competed d. developed
II. LANGUAGE FOCUS
A. Choose the word or phrase - a, b, c or d - that best completes the sentence or substitutes for the
underlined word or phrase.
6. The Vietnamese participants always take part ______ sports events with great enthusiasm.
a. in b. on c. at d. to
7. The Asian Games have been advancing ______ all aspects.
a. on b. at c. in d. for
8. New sports and traditional sports have been added ______ the Games.
a. in b. on c. up d. to
9. In spite of all its ______, medical science knows little about the brain.
a. advantages b. advances c. approaches d. advents
10. Football fans gathered around the TV in the comer of the club to see the final.
a. assembled b. collected c. wandered d. reached
11. Recently the Asian Games has increased in ______.
a. polular b. popularizing c. popularity d. popularly
12. I'd rather go to the football field ______ being at home today.
a. instead of b. because of c. inspite of d. due to
13. The World Cup is a football ______ which is open to all countries.
a. participation b. involvement c. occasion d. competition
14. Scuba-diving and windsurfing are both aquatic sports.
a. field b. water c. combat d. individual
15. Their efforts were much ______ when they won 2 gold, medals in bodybuilding and billiards.
a. considered b. required c. expended d. appreciated
B. Choose the word or phrase - a, b, c or d - that best completes the sentence.
16. Bill Gate, ______ is the president of Microsoft Company, is a billionare.
a. who b. whose c. whom d. that
17. Tuna, ______, may weigh up to 1,000 pounds.
a. one of the sea giants b. can be giants of the sea
c. is the sea giant d. the sea of the giant
18. Louis Renault greatly improved automobile technology ______ the drive shaft in 1898.
a. by inventing b. that he invented c. his inventing d. the invention of
19. The whistle signaled the end of the first half. The march will continue after half-time and now AC Milan
______ Juventus by 2 goal to nil.
a. led b. is leading c. has led d. leads
20. Not only ______ visit Japan but they plan to stop off in the USA as well.
a. they plan to b. they must c. will they d. are they paying
21. There are believed ______ over 300 species of trees in El Yunque rain forest in Puerto Rico.
a. to be b. being c. they are d. there are
22. Helen asked me ______ the film called 'Star Wars'.
a. have I seen b. if I had seen c. have you seen d. if had I seen
23. Peter's score on the test is the highest in class; he ______ last night.
a. must study b. must have studied c. studied d. had studied
24. He speaks English as if he ______ a native English.
a. were b. had been c. is d. be
25. Her parents insisted that she ______ until she finished her degree.
a. stayed b. stays c. stay d. would stay
C. Choose the word or phrase- A, B, C or D - that needs correcting.
26. Those of you who signed up for Dr. Daniel's anthropology class should get their books as soon as possible.
27. The geology professor showed us a sample of volcanic rock dated back seven hundred years.
28. Scientists worry what the continued use of certain pollutants may damage the Earth's ozone layer.
29. Cable television companies recently announced that it will increase services charges next year.
30. Rattan, a close relative of bamboo, is often used to make tables, chairs, and other furnitures.
III. READING
A. Fill in each blank with one appropriate word from the box.
occasion competitive passed solidarity knowledge spirit
backgrounds athletes developed flame unity relationships
The (31) ____ of the Asian Games has been built up over a long period of time, and (32) _______ from one
games to the next spreading message of (33) _______, warmth, and friendship through (34) _______ sports. The
warmth of the Asian Games comes not only from symbolic (35) _______, but from the (36) _______ that are
established among individual (37) _______, coaches, trainers, officials, volunteers, and spectators who come
together from many different (38) _______ and cultures. It is an (39) _______ when strength and sports skills
are tested; friendship and (40) _______ are built and promoted.
B. Read the passage carefully, then choose the correct answer.
60 years ago the idea of disabled people doing sports was heard of. But when the annual games for the disabled
were started at Stoke Mandeville, England in 1948 by Sit Ludwid Guttmann, the situation began to change.
Sir Ludwig Guttmann, who had been driven to England in 1939 from Nazi Germany, had been asked by British
Government to set up an, injury center at Stoke Mandeville near London. His ideas about treating injuries
included sport for the disabled.
In the first games just two teams of injured soldiers took part. The next year, 1949, five teams took part. From
those beginnings, things have developed fast. Teams now come from abroad to Stoke Mandeville every year. In
1960 the first Olympics for the disabled were held in Rome, in the same place as the normal Olympic Games.
Now every four I years the Olympic Games for the disabled are held, if possible, in the same place as the
normal Olympic Games, although they are organized separately. In other years Games for the Disabled are still
held at Stoke Mandeville. In 1984 wheelchair Olympic Games, 1064 wheelchair athletes from about 40
countries took part. Unfortunately, they were held at Stoke Mandeville and not in Los Angeles, along with the
other Olympics.
The Games, have been a great success in promoting international friendship and understanding, and proving that
being disabled does not mean you can't enjoy sport. One small source of disappointment for those who organize
and take part in the games, however, has been the unwillingness of the International Olympic Committee to
include disabled events at the Olympic Games for the able-bodied. Perhaps a few more years are still needed to
convince those fortunate enough not to be disabled that their disabled fellow athletes should not be excluded.
41. How long was the first games for the disabled held after Sir Ludwig Guttmann arrived in London?
a. 9 years b. 10 years c. 19 years d. 21 years
42. Which of the following is not mentioned as the place where the Olympic
Games for the disabled were held?
a. England b. Rome c. Stoke Mandeville d. Los Angeles
43. Which of the following statements is not true?
a. Sir Ludwig Guttmann was an early organizer of the games for the disabled.
b. Sir Ludwig Guttmann was an injured soldier.
c. Sir Ludwig Guttmann was from Germany.
d. Sir Ludwig Guttmann was welcomed by the British government.
44. From the passage, we may conclude that ______.
a. the Olympic Games for the disabled are always held at the same time and in the same place as the normal
Olympic Games.
b. The disabled athletes are able to compete in the normal Olympic Games.
c. the writer is in favour of holding the games for the disabled
d. the writer is against holding the games for the disabled
45. What is the main idea of the reading passage?
a. Sir Ludwig Guttmann
b. Treating the disabled .by playing sports
c. Organising the Olympic Games for the disabled
d. The history of the Olympic Games for the disabled

UNIT 12-TEST 2
I. PRONUNCIATION
Choose the word that has the main stress placed differently from that of the others.
1. A. Asian B. gather C. advance D. decade
2. A. facilities B. solidarity C. performance D. aquatic
3. A. appreciate B. promote C. participate D. introduce
4. A. athletics B. hockey C. volleyball D. rugby
5. A. volunteer B. competition C. enthusiastic D. intercultural
II. LANGUAGE FOCUS
A. Choose the word or phrase (A, B, C or D) that best completes the sentence.
6. They've a horrible new tower block where that lovely old building used to be.
A. put up B. put down B. pushed up D. pulled down
7. I agree with most of what you said, but I can't your idea of letting children leave school at 14.
A. keep up with B. catch up with C. put up with D. go along with
8. test was given, our class leader managed to get good marks.
A. Whenever B. Whatever C. However D. Wherever
9. volleyball players, footballers cannot use their hands in the game.
A. Like B. Different C. Unlike D. Opposite
10. Our field have performed very well.
A. artists B. athletes C. specialists D. sportmen
11. We may win, we may lose - it's just the of the draw.
A. strike B. odds C. chance D. luck
12. The football match was so dull that most of the left at half-time.
A. attendants B. audiences C. participants D. spectators
13. We live in an age of rapid scientific and technological .
A. advance B. advances C. advancing D. advancement
14. Shortly after receiving her gold medal, the Olympic champion answered questions at the press .
A. discussion B. assembly C. conference D. seminar
15. This multi-sport event is an occasion when friendship and are built and promoted.
a. knowledge B. solidarity C. effort D. enthusiasm
B. Choose the word or phrase - a, b, c or d - that best completes the sentence.
16. I've no idea he behaved strangely at the meeting
A. when B. where C. which D. why
17. Experts feel that they are related to the deep wishes and fears of the dreamer.
A. study dreams B. who dream study C. whose dream study D. who study dreams
18. No one took part in the competition, ?
A. did they B. didn't they C. did he D. didn't he
19. Jet streams are layers of air rapidly above the earth's surface.
A. that move B. move C. have moved D. move
20. Many young people are fond of football and other kinds of sports.
A. play B. to play C. playing D. played
21. There is no point a fuss over it
A. to make B. making C. being made D. to be made
22. Now they regret their son by providing too many material possessions.
A. having spoiled B. having been spoiled C. to have spoiled D. to have been spoiled
23. The old man said he in this village for over 70 years.
A. has been living B. was living C. is living D. had been living
24. The missing man's family is desperately seeking anyone information about him.
A. has B. who have C. whose D. having
25. The first village was not far from the capital.
A. that I visited to B. where I visited C. to which I visited D. I visited
C. Choose the word or phrase. A, B, C or D - that needs correcting.
26. Some paper dolls, which were once relatively cheap, are previously considered valuable collectors' items.
D
27. Although its height, Mount Whitney, one of north America's highest mountains, is popular with hikers.
28. Although we concerned about the problem of energy resources, we must not fait recognizing the need for
environmental protection.
29. Mr Omura has been a member of that athletic club for over ten years ago
30. Although fewer Americans work on farms today, they are too productive that the US is now the world's top
food exporter.
31. The computer-based tests will test your ability to understand spoken English, to read nontechnical language,
and writing correctly.
32. A number of the materials used in manufacturing paint are potential dangerous if mishandled.
33. Most of the food what elephants eat is brought to their mouths by their trunks.
34. Never in the history of humanity has there been more people living on this relatively small planet.
35. By time she was only 17, Shannon Miller has won mote ,World and Olympic titles than any other American
gymnast.
III. READING
A. Choose the word or phrase (A, B, C or D) that best fits the blank space in the following passage.
The 15th Asian Games (36) from December 1 through December 15, 2006, in Doha, Capital of Qatar. More
than 10,000 athletes, who (37) 45 countries and regions, took part in 39 sports and 424 events of the Games, the
most important event in Asia. Some new events such as chess and triathlon were also (38) in the Games.
The 15th Asian Games was organized at 34 sporting (39) , including Khalifa Stadium, which (40) the opening
and closing ceremonies. The Opening Ceremony of the 15 th Asian Games, Doha 2006, at Khalifa Stadium, was
the most (41) opening of any Games with 50,000 people to get into Khalifa Stadium and more than one billion
television (42) The Doha Asian Games Organizing Committee (DAGOC) wanted to ensure that everybody who
saw the ceremony would have a memory for life as suggested in the (43) "The Games of Your Life." The 151h
Asian Games was a successful sporting event that all (44) would never forget. Everyone is looking forward (45)
the 16th Asian Games, which will be held in Guangzhou, China, from November 2 to November 18, 2010.
36. A. set up B. took part C. brought about D. took place
37. A. symbolized B. represented C. expressed D. typified
38. A. included B. contained C. competed D. consisted
39. A. events B. facilities C. venues D. teams
40. A. held B. occurred C. took D. hosted
41. A. colorful B. formal C. spectacular D. elaborate
42. A. viewers B. observers C. partners D. spectators
43. A. portrait B. banner C. streamer D. slogan
44. A. attenders B. attendees C. attendants D. attendances
45. A. for B. in C. to D. into
B. Read the passage carefully, then choose the correct answer.
ASIAN GAMES
The Asian Games, also called the Asiad, is a multi-sport event held every four years among athletes from all
over Asia. The games are regulated by the
Olympic Council of Asia (OCA) under the supervision of the International Olympic Committee (IOC). Medals
are awarded in each event, with gold for
first place, silver for second and bronze for third, a tradition which started in 1951. The Asian Games are
dominated by the People's Republic of China.
Competitors are entered by a National Olympic Committee (NOC) to represent their country of citizenship.
National anthems and flags accompany the medal ceremonies, and tables showing the number of medals won by
each country are widely used. In general only recognized nations are represented, but a few nonsovereign
countries are allowed to take part. The special case of Taiwan was handled by having it compete as Chinese
Taipei, due to the political status of Taiwan.
The 15th Asian Games were held in Doha, Qatar from December 1 to
December 15, 2006. The 16th Asian Games will be held in Guangzhou, China in 2010.
46. Which of the following is true?
A. The Asian Games are held every year.
B. The International Olympic Committee is the founder of the Asiad.
C. The first gold medals were given to, the winning athletes in 1951.
D. The Olympic Council of Asia organizes the Games.
47. The People's Republic of China .
A. is the strongest in the Asian Games
B. is the host of the Asian Games
C. is not allowed to take part in the Games
D. refuse to enter the Games
48. In the medal ceremonies .
A. the competitors are entered to represent their country of citizenship.
B. national anthems are played
C. the number of medals won by each country is first announced
D. the winners are given a string of 'flowers
49. Which of the following is not true of the right to participate in the Asian Games?
A. Only recognized nations are allowed to take part.
B. Almost every nation can take part in the Games.
C. Non-sovereign countries are also allowed to participate.
D. All are correct.
50. Which of the following is not true according to the passage?
A. Qatar was the host country in the 15th Asian Games.
B. The 16th Asian Games will take place in China.
C. Taiwan was not allowed to take part in the 15th Asian Games because of its political status.
D. During the Asian Games, athletes from all over Asia come together. to compete.

UNIT 13 HOBBIES
. Choose the antonym of the underlined word.
1. There are number of things I like to do in my free time.
A. pleisure B. precious C. busy D. idle
2. My uncle, who is an accomplished guitarist, taught me how to play.
A. unimpaired B. unskilled C. ill-educated D. unqualified
3. Now I can playa few simple tune.
A. compound B. plain C. easy D. complicated
4. He advised me to practise playing the guitar regularly.
A. unusually B. commonly C. freely D. completely
5. I have a modest little glass fish tank where I keep a variety of small fish.
A. limitted B. excessive C. conceited D. moderate
6. I always remove the stamps before discarding the envelopes.
A. dispensing B. disposing C. dumping D. keeping
7. Another hobby of mine is keeping fish.
A. omitting B. discharging C. releasing D. delivering
8. I usually throwaway the common stamps.
A. distinctive B. beautiful C. unpopular D. ordinary
IV. Complete the passage with the correct tense of the verbs in brackets.
Agatha Miller (1) ...... (bear) on 15 September 1890 in Torquay in south-west England. Better known as Mrs
Agatha Christie, she (2) ...... (write) altogether 78 mystery novels and 19 plays. Very few other crime writers (3)
...... (write) more books than this, and few (4) ...... (become) so immensely popular.
Ever since she (5) ...... (publish) her first novel, The Mysterious Affair at Styles in 1920, her books (6) ......
(never, be) out of print. They (7) ...... (translate) all over the world, and, perhaps surprisingly, her sales (8) ......
(actually increase) since she, (9) ...... (die) in 1976. For a short time after her death they (10) ...... (fall), so it was
perhaps the screen that (11) ...... (revive) her popularity.
People (12) ...... (enjoy) Agatha Christie's stories for years, and her popularity currently (13) ...... (seem) higher
than it (14) ...... (ever be). It is not of course the first time that an author (15) ...... (become) more popular in
death than in life.
V. Rewrite the sentences to focus attention on the underlined information. Start with it + be and an
appropriate wh-word or that.
1. She bought the car from Tom.
2. My secretary sent the bill to Mr Harding yesterday.
3. He already plays for national side; he only turned professional last year.
4. The film was made in Bristol.
5. We are coming to stay with Jane this weekend.
6. Columbus sailed to America in 1492.
7. The president makes the important decisions.
8. I'm not looking forward to physics, but I'm most worried about, the statistics exam.
9. She's been seeing a doctor at Newtown Hospital, but she's having the operation in the Queen Mary Hospital.
10. Caroline has been feeling a bit depressed for some time, so she booked a holiday in Amsterdam to cheer her
up.
11. It's not that I don't want to have dinner with you tonight; I can't come because I've got so much work to do.
12. I had my wallet when I went into the sports hall, so I lost it somewhere in there.
13. She doesn't find learning language very easy, and she improved her Spanish only by studying very hard.
14. I have had great help from my best friend Dave in doing my research, and I delicate this thesis to him.
15. I don't mind her criticising me, but I object to how she does it.
V. Fill in each blank with an appropriate preposition.
1. My uncle is very good ...... accompanying people singing ...... his guitar.
2. My brother is fond ...... tennis.
3. I have not been very successful ...... playing the guitar.
4. He's keen ...... collecting coins.
5. I usually give ...... the common stamps to my friends.
6. She was free to indulge ...... leisure activity like reading.
7. I don't need these papers - you can throw it .......
8. John is very interested ...... all sorts of sport.
9. I classify my books ...... different categories.
10. Books provide the reader ...... so many facts and so much information.

UNIT 13 - TEST 1
I. PRONUNCIATION
Choose the word that has the underlined part pronounced differently from that of the others.
1. A. admire B. avid C. variety D. while
2. A. occupy B. simply C. accompany D. hobby
3. A. practised B. stamped C. indulged D. accomplished
4. A. collect B. common C. modest D. accomplish
5. A. friends B. tunes C. clubs D. stamps
II. LANGUAGE FOCUS
A. Choose the word or phrase (A, B, C, or D) that best completes the sentence or substitutes for the
underlined word or phrase.
6. My father never indulges ..... drinking.
A. on B. in C. with D. to
7. I love watching the small fish swimming ..... in the tank.
A. through B. up C. towards D. about
8. He wasn't able to cope ..... the stresses and strains of the joB.
A. with B. to C. in D. on
9. My friend Dave was really interested in my best stamp, so I ..... it away to him.
A. gave B. threw C. brought D. put
10. These ideas have now been completely discarded.
A. come up with B. got rid of C. put forward D. put into practice
11. This vase is quite rare and is almost a .....'s item.
A. collect B. collective C. collection D. collector
12. The singer was ..... on the piano by her sister.
A. played B. performed C. accompanied D. helped
13. The most important thing is to keep yourself occupieD.
A. busy B. relaxed C. comfortable D. free
14. My parents lent me the money. ....., I couldn't have afforded the trip.
A. Only if B. Otherwise C. However D. Therefore
15. I don't know the title but I recognize the ..... of this song.
A. sound B. rhyme C. tune D. theme
B. Choose the word or phrase (A, B, C, or D) that best completes the sentence.
16. ..... saying was so important that I asked everyone to stop talking and listen.
A. What the woman was B. That the woman was C. The woman was D. What was the woman
17. Marta Graham, ..... of the pioneers of modern dance, didn't begin dancing until she was 21.
A. who as one B. she was C. one D. was one
18. Many communities are dependent oil groundwater ..... from wells for their water supply.
A. that obtained B. obtained C. is obtained D. obtain it
19. ..... who was elected the first woman mayor of Chicago in 1979.
A. It was Jane Byrne B. Jane Byrne C. That Jane Byrne D. When Jane Byrne
20. The first American novelist to have a major impact on world literature ......
A. who was James Fenimore Cooper B. James Fenimore Cooper was
C. it was James Fenimore Cooper D. was James Fenimore Cooper
21. ..... important railroad tunnel in the US was cut through the Hoosac Mountains in Massachuset.
A. At first B. It was the first C. The first D. As the first of
22. It was in 1875 ..... joined the staff of the astronomical observatory at Harvard University.
A. that Anna Winlock B. Anna Winlock, who C. as Anna Winlock D. Anna Winlock then
23. ..... the dollar as its, monetary unit in 1878.
A. Adopted by Canada B. Canada adopted
C. It was adopted by Canada D. The Canada adoption of
24. ..... that the capital of South Carolina was moved from Charleston to ColumbiA.
A. In 1790 was B. There was in 1790 C. In 1790 D. It was in 1790
25. It was Mr. Harding ..... the bill to yesterday.
A. who sent my secretary B. to whom my secretary sent
C. that my secretary sent D. my secretary sent
C. Choose the word or phrase - A, B, C or D – that needs correcting.
26. Small distinctions among stamps, unimportant to the person average, would mean a great deal to the stamp
collector.
27. Calcium, the most abundantly mineral in the body, works with phosphorus in maintaining bones and teeth;
28. Mark's known for ages that his parents are coming to stay with us this weekend, but it was only yesterday
did he told me.
29. On May 20, 1932, Amelia Earhart became the first woman fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean.
30. Nitrogen and oxygen are too important that most living organisms
cannot survive without these elements.
I. READING
A. Fill in each blank with one appropriate word from the box.
spectator interests decorated range satisfied discarded
bored educational collector engaging positive classified
The word hobby is a shortened form of hobbyhorse, which had a (31) ...... wooden framework with an
imitation horse's head attached to it. Hobbies today include a vast (32) ...... of activities. In this sense, hobbies
include games and sports, but they leave out purely (33) ...... activities like watching television. They also
exclude schooling and work done to make a living.
Hobbies are important for many reasons, First, a hobby can be (34) ..... For example, if the hobby is stamp
collecting the (35) ..... can learn about the countries of the world and even some of their history. Second,
(36) ...... in the hobby can lead to meeting people with the same (37) ...... Third, a person's free time is being
used in (38) ..... way. The person has no time to be (39) ....... Finally some hobbies can lead to a future joB. A
person who enjoys a hobby related job is more (40) ...... with life.
B. Read the passage carefully, then choose the correct answer.
The hobby of collecting consists of acquiring specific items based on a particular interest of the collector.
These collections of things are often highly organized, carefully cataloged, and attractively displayed. Since
collecting depends on the interests of the individual collector, it may deal with almost any subject. The depth
and breadth of the collection may also vary. Some collectors choose to focus on a specific subtopic within their
area of general interest: for example, 19th Century postage stamp, milk bottle labels from Sussex, or Mongolian
harnesses and tack. Others prefer to keep a more general collection, accumulating Star Trek merchandise, or
stamps from all countries of the world. Some collections are capable of being completed, at least to the extent of
owning one sample of each possible item in the collection (e.g. a copy of every book by Agatha Christie).
Collectors who specifically try to assemble complete collections in this way are sometimes called 'completist'.
Upon completing a particular collection, they may stop collecting, expand the collection to include related
items, or begin an entirely new collection. The most popular fields in collecting have specialized commercial
dealers that trade in the items being collected, as well as related accessories. Many of these dealers started as
collectors themselves, then turned their hobby into a profession. There are some limitations on collecting,
however. Someone who has the financial means to collect stamps might not be able to collect sport cars, for
example.

41. Collecting may deal with almost any subject because ......
A. it has a wide range of subjects
B. it depends on the collector's interests
C. it is often classified into different categories
D. it is based on a particular interest of the collector.
42. Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage as a collector's item?
A. stamps B. books C. goods D. accessories
43. What do collectors do when they have completed their collections?
A. They sell their collections.
B. They begin to collect the more expensive things.
C. They continue to collect related, items.
D. They become specialized dealers
44. The word 'accumulating' in the passage can best be replaced by ......
A. building up B. bringing in C. taking on D. carrying on
45. Which of the following is true?
A. Most collections are on public display.
B. It's took a lot of time and money to complete a collection.
C. Most fields in collecting have specialized commercial dealers.
D. Most of the dealers have their experiences in collecting.

UNIT 13 TEST 2
I. PRONUNCIATION
Choose the word that has the main stress placed differently from that of the others.
1. a. hobby b. guitar c. modest d. common
2. a. discarded b. successful c. profitably d. accomplished
3. a. ignorant b. continual c. gigantic d. indulge
4. a. occupy b. admire c. organize d. classify
5. a. category b. regular c. relative d. equipment
II. LANGUAGE FOCUS
A. Choose the word or phrase - a, b, c or d - that best completes the sentence or substitutes for the
underlined word or phrase.
6. He built _____ his collection over a period of ten years.
a. in b. on c. into d. up
7. My brother takes photograph _____ a hobby.
a. as b. for c. in d. with
8. Any stamps that were common I gave _____ to my friends.
a. up b. back c. away d. out
9. I keep stamps: However, I would not call myself an avid stamp collector.
a. private b. keen c. major d. complete
10. There are some hobbies that I _____ in for a while besides reading and collecting.
a. occupy b. accomplish c. fascinate d. indulge
11. My uncle, who is an accomplished guitarist, taught me how to play.
a. skilful b. famous c. perfect d. modest
12. He is a great _____ of Picasso's early paintings.
a. admire b. admiration c. admirer d. admiring
13. I don't have much money, so I bought the camera _____.
a. newly b. second-hand c. immediately d. profitably
14. Cycling and karate are among her hobbies.
a. pursuit b. entertainment c. amusement d. pastime
15. Some of his pictures are quite _____ now.
a. collected b. collection c. collective d. collectable
B. Choose the word or phrase - a, b, c or d - that best completes the sentence.
16. The Masters, one of the most important of all golf tournaments, _____ every year in Augusta, Georgia.
a. has held b. being held c. is held d. holding
17. Not only _____ places of beauty, they serve scientific and educational purposes as well.
a. are botanical garden b. botanical garden to be
c. botanical garden are d. to be botanical garden
18. Their office consisted of three rooms, _____ was used as a conference room.
a. larger of which b. the largest of which c. the largest of them d. largest
19. Rafael will not be able to attend class tomorrow because _____ an interview with the immigration officials.
a. he is attending b. he is going to attend c. he will be attending d. he will have attended
20. The man _____ his car outside hasn't come back for it yet.
a. who left b. who he left c. whom he left d. whose
21. _____ Ruth St. Dennis turned to Asian dances to find inspiration for her choreography.
a. It was the dancer b. The dancer c. That the dancer d. The dancer was
22. _____ an average of 471 inches of rain a year, Mount Waialeale in Hawaii is the wettest spot in the world.
a. It receives b. Receiving c. To receive d. Received
23. A college is a public institution _____ the higher education of young men and women. .
a. devoting b. which devotes c. to devote to d. devoted to
24. All the students _____ do well in writing test.
a. whom Mr. Davis teaches them b. which Mr. Davis teaches
c. that Mr. Davis teaches them d. Mr. Davis teaches
25. The first library _____ in the Nebraska Territory was built in Fort Atkinson in 1870.
a. to be established b. was established c. could established d. establishing
C. Choose the word or phrase - A, B, C or D – that needs correcting.
26. A caricature is a picture in which the subject's distinctive features they are deliberately exaggerated.
27. One characteristic of the poems of Emily Dickinson is the sharp of her images.
28. Pure nitric acid is colorless, but it acquires a yellow color when it is exposed of air.
29. A basic knowledge of social studies, such as history and geography, are considered a basic part of the
education of every child.
30. Water polo is a game in which is played in the water by two teams, each with seven players:
31. In 1891, first state law to help local communities pay for highways was passed in New Jersey.
32. A good exercise program helps teach people to avoid the habits that might Shorten the lives.
33. It was around 1925 that an accurate, convenient system for recording the choreography of ballet developed.
34. With his many theories, Albert Einstein did a great impact on physics, so much so that he is often called the
greatest physicist of all time.
35. The doctor suggested that he lay in bed for several, days as a precaution against further damage to the
tendons.
III. READING
A. Choose the word or phrase -a, b, c or d - that best fits the blank space in the following passage.
The (36) _____ of book knowledge is one part of school education but this kind of learning can be and often is
carried to (37) _____ in many countries so that no time for other interests IS (38) _____ to young people. Not
only must they attend school (39) _____ five-hour periods on six days of the week, studying possibly as many
as thirteen different subjects, but in addition they may even go to afternoon institutes for (40) _____ instruction.
They have almost no chance of taking (41) _____ any of their own hobbies or becoming familiar with the plants
and (42) _____ life of the countryside except during their summer holidays. Early youth should be a time of
exploration and adventure, of reading books for (43) _____ as well as study, of freedom to enjoy life before the
responsibilities of working for a living and (44) _____ a family (45) _____ an end to study, to freedom and only
too often to carefree enjoyment.
36. a. gathering b. collection c. obtaining d. accumulation
37. a. extremity b. excess c. limits d. boundary
38. a. available b. provided c. devoted d. reserved
39. a. during b. for c. throughout d. in
40. a. farther b. additional c. extra d. further
41. a. on b. up c. back d. over
42. a. untamed b. original c. wild d. natural
43. a. pleasure b. amusement c. joy d. entertainment
44. a. creating b. bringing c. building d. raising
45. a. hold b. put c. indicate d. mark
B. Read the text carefully, then choose the correct answer.
Hobbies are practiced for interest and enjoyment, rather than financial reward. Examples include collecting,
creative and artistic pursuits, making, tinkering, sports and adult education. Engaging in a hobby can lead to
acquiring substantial skill, knowledge, and experience. However, personal fulfilment is the aim.
What are hobbies for some people are professions for others: a game tester may enjoy cooking as a hobby, while
a professional chef might enjoy playing (and helping to debug) computer games. Generally speaking, the person
who does something for fun, not remuneration, is called an amateur (or hobbyist), as distinct from professional.
An important determinant of what is considered a hobby, as distinct from a profession (beyond the lack of
remuneration), is probably how easy it is to make a living at the activity. Almost no one can make a living at
cigarette card or stamp collecting, but many people find it enjoyable; so it is commonly regarded as a hobby.
Amateur astronomers often make meaningful contributions to the professionals. It is -not entirely uncommon for
a hobbyist to be the first to discover a celestial body or event.
In the UK, the pejorative noun anorak (similar to the Japanese 'otaku' meaning a geek or enthusiast) is often
applied to people who obsessively pursue a particular hobby that is considered boring, such as train spotting or
stamp collecting.
46. Which of the following is not true?
a. Hobbies make people feel relaxed and satisfied.
b. Hobbies can give people knowledge and experience.
c. Hobbies are mainly practised for profit.
d. Hobbies are recreational activities.
47. According to the passage, a hobbyist ________.
a. is usually paid for his hobbies b. may enjoy his work as a hobby
c. indulges in many hobbies d. is distinguished from a professional
48. Stamp collecting is commonly regarded as a hobby because
a. people can make a living at it b. people find it enjoyable
c. people find it profitable d. people find it easy to pursue
49. Which of the following is not called 'celestial bodies'?
a. the Galaxy b. planet c. stars d. the sun
50. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
a. people who are very interested in boring hobbies are criticized.
b. stamp collecting is not popular nowadays.
c. the word 'anorak' is derived from Japanese.
d. a & b are correct.

UNIT 14 RECREATION
II. Fill in each blank with one suitable word from the box.
recreation leisure spectacular stock market pursuits
spectators sophisticated memento solitude home-based
1. She has time now to follow her various artistic ______.
2. Many people indulge in ______ leisure pursuit such as watching television.
3. I play golf and football for ______ only.
4. She enjoyed a few moments of peace in the ______ of the garden.
5. Crowds of ______ were massed along the route of the parade.
6. I'm looking forward to more ______ time in my retirement.
7. He invested everything in the ______.
8. Jane kept the coin as a ______ of her trip.
9. We had a ______ view of the coastline from the airplane.
10. Medical techniques are becoming more ______ all the time.
III. Choose the word or phrase that can substitute for the underlined word.
1. His recreations include golf, football and shooting. .
a. sports b. activities c. pastimes d. pleasures
2. Walking and swimming are the two most popular sporting activities undertaken by men and women.
a. taken over b. taken in c. taken up d. taken out
3. I bought the ring as a memento of Greek.
a. souvenir b. relic c. heirloom d. remainder
4. In Britain, the most common leisure activities are home-based.
a. regular b. popular c. standard d. distinctive
5. My other pursuits include listening to music, reading and gardening.
a. chases b. occupations c. specialities d. hobbies
6. The most popular spectator sports are football and baseball.
a. onlooker b. competitor c. individual d. professional
7. The train passed through a rich variety of spectacular scenery.
a. amazing b. powerful c. impressive d. considerable
8. The course can be as simple as bricklaying or as sophisticated as making your own stock market decisions.
a. external b. complicated c. intensive d. advanced
9. She enjoyed a few moments of peace in the solitude of the garden.
a. privacy b. bottom c. center d. end
10. Most households now own at least one television set.
a. farms b. campuses c. families d. courses
IV. Rewrite the following sentences using the structure it is/ was ... that + passive voice.
1. It was Mr. Johnson that every student respected to.
_______________________________________________________
2. It was in Bristol where they made the film.
_______________________________________________________
3. It was the manager that we saw.
_______________________________________________________
4. It was wine that we ordered.
_______________________________________________________
5. It is the English exam that the students most worry about.
_______________________________________________________
6. It is pop music that my brother prefers.
_______________________________________________________
7. It is Tet that Vietnameses celebrate, as the greatest occasion in a year.
_______________________________________________________
8. It was the computer that my parents gave me as a birthday present.
_______________________________________________________
9. It is Santa Clause who most children are waiting for on Christmas Eve.
_______________________________________________________
10. It is English that people all over the world use.
_______________________________________________________
V. Fill in each blank with an appropriate preposition.
1. Recreation and entertainment are important ______ people.
2. British people are very interested _____ watching and taking part sports.
3. Mark is keen ______ football, but his brother Mike is fond ______ tennis.
4. Snooker, pool and darts are the next most popular sports ______ men.
5. There is an enormous range of holiday courses ______ offer.
6. He agreed ______ me ______ the need for change.
7. We put ______ our tent in a little clearing in the wood.
8. We object ______ the commercialization of the game.
9. Mary likes the solitude ______ the Wilderness.
10. He longs ______ the day when he can turn professional.

UNIT 14 TEST 1
I. PRONUNCIATION
Choose the word that has the underlined part pronounced differently from that of the others.
1. a. engrave b. pastime c. undertake d. spectator
2. a. popular b. music c. pursuit d. solitude
3. a. sport b. course c. outdoor d. world
4. a. leisure b. pursue c. simple d. necessary
5. a. agreed b. organised c. based d. listened
II. LANGUAGE FOCUS
A. Choose the word or phrase - a, b, c or d - that best completes the sentences.
6. She plays tennis ______ recreation only.
a. in b. to c. on d. for
7. I'm very fond ______ natural spectacular scenery.
a. of b. in c. with d. at
8. We were all attracted ______ the beauty of nature there.
a. in b. to c. with d. on
9. Watching television is by far the most popular ______.
a. intensity b. occupation c. recreation d. passion
10. I am very ______ in the information you have given me.
a. interested b. surprised c. depressed d. concerned
11. I like him ______ for his shyness.
a. by far b. far better c. furthermore d. all the better
12. He ______ us for hours with his stories and jokes.
a. supported b. entertained c. regarded d. raised
13. I've already had one holiday in Africa, and I'm not ______ on going there again.
a. willing b. keen c. eager d. ready
14. We have bought extra food ______ our friends stay to dinner.
a. provided b. if c. in case d. as long as
15. Football, rugby and baseball are the most popular ______ sports in Britain.
a. watcher b. looker c. amateur d. spectator
B. Choose the word or phrase- a, b, c or d - that best completes the sentences.
16. Which one do you want? -I don't want ______.
a. both b. neither c. either d. each
17. She has neither read 'the book ______ the film.
a. or seen b. nor see c. or see d. nor seen
18. Thomas Eakins studied not only painting ______ anatomy when he was training to become an artist.
a. moreover b. but also c. as well d. and
19. Endive can be used ______ as a salad green or as a cooking vegetable.
a. such b. both c. either d. neither
20. They invited ______ to their golden anniversary.
a. my wife and I b. I and my wife
c. both my wife and I d. my wife and me
21. Have you finished your work? - No, I haven't and ______.
a. she has not too b. neither she has
c. she has either d. neither has she.
22. I believe not only people are important to the world, ______.
a. nature is important, too b. nature is important either
c. neither is nature important d. but nature is important
23. Not only ______ shade and beauty, but they also reduce carbon dioxide.
a. do trees provide b. trees provide c. provide trees d. trees do provide
24. It was the musical performance on TV that ______ by our family.
a. was most enjoying b. was most enjoyed
c. most enjoyed d. was most enjoyable
25. Neither the teacher nor his students ______ pleased with the performance of the team.
a. was b. were c. has been d. being
C. Choose word or phrase - A, B, C or D - that needs correcting.
26. Children enjoy telling and listening to ghosts stories, especially on Halloween night.
27. Not only Laura's parents but also her husband think she should return to school and finish her graduate
degree.
28. Each year million of tons of fertile topsoil that could produce good crops washed away by rains.
29. It was in 1971 that transatlantic supersonic transportation became commercially availability.
30. Success in karate requires not only balance and skill but also concentration and mental alert.
III. READING
A. Fill in the each blank with one appropriate word from the box.
regular demand leisure started means typically
chance way industry organised recent found
SPECTATOR SPORTS
A surprising number of popular spectator sports, for example football and baseball, (31) ______ in Europe or in
the USA in the nineteenth century. This did not happen by (32) _____. It was the result of changes in the (33)
______ people lived in those places at that time. Until then more people lived in the country than in towns. They
worked in small groups and had no (34) ______ time off. All this changed, with the growth of factories and (35)
______ in the nineteenth century, first in Europe and then in the USA. For the first time most people began to
live in towns, and they (36) ______ themselves with regular free time. They had more (37) ______ time than
ever before. This resulted in the need for the (38) ______ entertainment. Suitable games I developed or were
invented, (39) ______ team games, in which the crowded could take sides and become involved. This gave
people some of the entertainment they need in their free time. The (40) ______ explosion in TV, with the
introduction of satellite and cable channels, has caused an increase in (41) ______ for sports as entertainment.
The money TV has brought to games such as football, tennis and baseball (42) ______, that spectator sports will
certainly go on playing an important part in our lives.
B. Read the passage carefully, then choose the correct answer.
England is famous for its garden, and most people like gardening. This is probably one reason why so many
people prefer to live in houses rather than in flats. Particularly in suburban areas it is possible to pass row after
row of ordinary small houses, each one with its neatly kept patch of grass surrounded by great variety of flowers
and shrubs. Enthusiasts of gardening get a great deal of helpful advice from the television and magazines.
43. The passage points out that, because many English people are fond of gardening, ______.
a. they don't want to live in suburban areas
b. they grow flowers but not grass and fruit trees
c. they can spare little time for the television
d. houses are more popular than flats
44. The passage stresses that people interested in gardening ______.
a. find it necessary to move out to distant rural areas
b. need large gardens in order to get ,satisfaction
c. are supplied with information and guidance by both the television and the press
d. get very little encouragement from the media
45. The passage is concerned with ______.
a. the enthusiasm of the people in England for gardens and gardening
b. the problems of gardening in suburban areas
c. the new techniques in gardening
d. the increasing demand for new varieties of flowers and shrubs

UNIT 14 TEST 2
I. PRONUNCIATION
Choose the word that has the main stress is placed differently from that of the others.
1. a. pursuit b. leisure c. popular d. television
2. a. memento b. solitude c. spectacular d. athletics
3. a. average b. instrument c. enormous d. generous
4. a. engrave b. spectator c. ability d. undertake
5. a. entertain b. recreation c. sophisticated d. population
II. LANGUAGE FOCUS
A. Choose the word or phrase- a, b, c or d - that best completes the sentences.
6. Most children nowadays prefer watching TV ______ reading.
a. from b. to c. than d. over
7. I hate camping because I can't ______ an umbrella tent in the wind and I can't make a fire in the rain.
a. put up b. set off c. take over d. turn round
8. I'm not very ______ on going to a football match today.
a. keen b. enthusiastic c. happy d. interested
9. She would make an excellent lawyer - she's conscientious and has a ______ mind.
a. well-trained b. well-informed c. well-built d. well-intentioned
10. There has been an increase in the ______ of folk music over recent years.
a. popular b. popularity c. popularize d. popularization
11. ______ applicants should send their completed forms to the personnel office.
a. Quality b. Qualitative c. Qualifications d. Qualified
12. There is an enormous range of holiday courses on ______ in the summer.
a. demand b. suggestion c. advice d. offer
13. Eating out is the national ______ in France.
a. pastime b. interest c. hobby d. game
14. When she was young she never had time to ______ her hobbies.
a. persist b. pursue c. engage d. delicate
15. There is considerable ______ over the safety of the treatment, so it hasn't been applied yet.
a. agree b. agreement c. disagree d. disagreement
B. Choose the word or phrase - a, b, c or d - that best completes the sentences.
16. He can't hear and he can hardly speak ______.
a. either b. neither c. so d. also
17. I hadn't seen Derek for years. - ______. It is interesting to see how he's changed.
a. Either had I b. Neither had I c. I had either d. Neither I had
18. Pollution worries me, - Me too. It's something ______ lots of problems.
a. has brought b. is bringing c. which has brought d. that bringing
19. Not only ______ people to send words, music, and codes to any part of the world, it can also be used to
communicate far into space.
a. enabled by radio b. radio enables c. does radio enable d. radio has enabled
20. In the 1959 the political philosopher Hannah Arendt became the first woman ______ a full professor at
Princeton University.
a. to appoint b. was appointed c. to be appointed d. an appointment as
21. The assistant director recommended that Kenichi ______ to the New York office.
a. be transferred b. transferring c. is transferred d. to transfer
22. Not only the post office but also all banks ______ on national holidays.
a. closes b. close c. will close d. is closed
23. Steve Davis, ______ the trophy last year, is already out of this year's competition.
a. that won b. who won c. won d. whose win
24. Both intelligence and skill ______ good teaching.
a. is essential in b. are essential in c. is essential to d. are essential to
25. Unemployment ______ by 4% since January and now stands at just under three million.
a. was raised b. was risen c. has risen d. rose
C. Choose the word or phrase - A, B, C or D - that needs correcting.
26. Alaska, the largest state of the United States in area, is more than twice the size that Texas.
27. Pollution is a topic of such important today that even elementary school children are well-informed about its
danger.
28. The Tour de France, always held each year during the month of July, is one of the mostly grueling cycling
races held all year long.
29. Either Mr. Andersin or Ms Wiggins are going to teach our class today.
30. Alaska's vast areas of untamed wilderness attracts many people who enjoy the outdoors
31. The antique collector must be able to distinguish real antiques from later imitations, which can be either
reproductions nor fakes.
32. Could you tell me how can I get to the arts gallery, please?
33. This is the first time Janet has taken so difficult class, but she plans to complete it.
34. The exam to become a lawyer is on far the most difficult he has taken.
35. Her brother seems to be totally incapable in looking after himself.
III. READING
A. Choose the word or phrase - a, b, c or d - that best fits the blank space in the following passage.
FUN AND GAMES
Do you think computer games is just for kids? Then you should think again. You might be (36) ______ to learn
that the game industry now (37) ______ more money than Hollywood. (38) ______ a family buys a new PC, all
they really want to do is to play games.
It is hardly surprising that video gaming has (39) ______ one of the most popular (40) ______ of entertainment
today. A good game is like a good film; it will hold your (41) ______, capture your imagination and play with
your emotions.
The big (42) ______, however, is that watching a movie is a passive (43) ______. You have no say in how the
plot (44) ______ or which characters dominate the story. With computer games, you direct the (45) ______ and
that is what makes them so exciting. Finding the (46) ______ game is likely to signal the beginning of a lasting
love (47) ______ with the interactive (48) ______ of make-believe.
It is (49) ______ to think of gaming as something simply for children and teenagers. In fact, the (50) ______
growth area of the market is the 25-35 age group.
36. a. concerned b. admired c. startled d. surprised
37. a. has b. makes c. does d. gains
38. a. As soon as b. as well as c. As far as d. As long as
39. a. begun b. grown c. become d. sounded
40. a. makes b. branches c. shapes d. forms
41. a. gaze b. attention c. breath d. control
42. a. gap b. variety c. difference d. direction
43. a. pastime b. task c. routine d. employment
44. a. becomes b. produces c. turns d. develops
45. a. movement b. change c. action d. performance
46. a. accurate b. right c. complete d. proper
47. a. affair b. story c. secret d. match
48. a. region b. area c. society d. world
49. a. immoral b. wrong c. false d. dishonest
50. a. longest b. widest c. biggest d. deepest
B. Read the passage, then choose the correct answer.
In the 20th century, magazines have been a major growth area of popular publishing. Specialist magazines cater
to every imaginable field and activity. In the United Kingdom, over 12,000 periodicals, magazines, bulletins,
annuals, trade journals, and academic journals are published on a regular basis. There are some 40 women's
magazines and over 60 dealing with particular sports, games, hobbies, and pastimes. Although some US
magazines, such as The Saturday Evening Post, has succumbed to competition of television, many continue "to
have enormous international circulations, The Reader's Digest over 16 million, The National Geographic over
10 million. For many people, magazines have been the most available and widely used form of continuing
education, providing information about history, geography, literature, science, and the arts, as well as guidance
on gardening, cooking, home decorating, financial management, psychology, even marriage and family life.
Until the rise of television, magazines were the most available form of cheap, convenient entertainment in the
English-speaking world. Radio served a similar function, but it was more limited in what it could do. Magazines
and television, however, both address the more powerful visual sense. During the third quarter of the 20th
century, coincident with a dramatic rise in the popularity of television, many general-interest, especially
illustrated magazines went out of business. The shift in attention of a mass, audience from reading such
magazines to watching television has been a major factor in this decline, but it is an implicit tribute from
television to the older genre that its programs are generally organized in a single format and content.
51. From the passage, it can be inferred that ______.
a. movies have replaced magazines
b. the author is fond of magazines
c. almost all magazines are printed in English
d. home decorating magazine are dramatic
52. According to the passage, which of the following magazines is no longer printed?
a. The Saturday Evening Post b. The Reader's Digest
c. The Nation d. The National Geographic
53. The passage implies that magazines ______.
a. are less visual than radio b. put television out of business
c. influence television programs d. have a limited range of subjects
54. The passage mainly discusses ______.
a. the rise and fall of the radio business
b. the growth and decline of magazines in the 20 century
c. magazines and continuing education
d. the decline of international circulation
55. What does the author say about mass audiences?
a. They have little influence on communications in the 20th century.
b. They have gone out of business.
c. They get information about gardening and psychology from radio.
d. They have shifted their attention from magazines to television.

UNIT 15 SPACE CONQUEST

I. Choose the correct verb form.
1. Our recent _____ in medicine is the development of laser in treating cancer.
a. achievements b. achievement c. achievers d. achieved
2. Before Gagarin’s _____ flight, there were still enormous uncertainties.
a. historical b. historic c. history d. historian
3. Although his flight lasted only 108 minutes, its _____ made him a national hero.
a. succeed b. successful c. successive d. success
4. Although we didn’t win, we were able to take some _____ from our performance.
a. satisfying b. satisfactions c. satisfaction d. satisfactory
5. _____ 60,000 people filled the stadium.
a. Approximately b. Approximate c. Approximant d. Approximation
6. Laughter can be a great release of _____.
a. tense b. tension c. tenseness d. tensing
7. May I offer my heartest ______ on your promotion?
a. congratulating b. congratulation c. congratulations d. congratulate
8. The appropriate attitude makes it ______ to socialize among strangers.
a. possible b. possibility c. impossible d. possibly
9. ______, many houses are going to be demolished to make ways for a new supermarket.
a. Fortunate b. Unfortunate c. Fortunately d. Unfortunately
10. Astronauts work in ______ conditions.
a. weight b. weighting c. weightless d. weightlessness
II. Underline the correct or more natural answer. If both answers are possible, underline them both.
1. Valuables can / are able to be left in the hotel safe. Please ask at the reception desk.
2. We could / were able to finish the football match before it started snowing too heavy.
3. The rebels could / were able to draw on the support of over 20,000 soldiers.
4. Could you / Were you able to understand Professor Larsen's lecture? I found it really difficult.
5. 'Do you want a game?' 'Sorry, I can't / 'm not able to play chess.
6. Look at me, I can / 'm able to ride my bike without any help.
7. When the fire officers arrived they could / were able to put out the flames in a couple of minutes.
8. The air was so polluted in the city center, I could hardly / was hardly able to breathe.
9. I knew John had been smoking. I could / was able to smell the cigarettes when I came into the room.
10. Can you / Are you able to drive without your glasses?
11. No changes can / are able to be made to this rail ticket after purchase.
12. He could / was able to untie the ropes without the guards noticing.
13. She looked all over the house, but couldn't / wasn't able to find her keys anywhere.
14. I was very busy at work; but I could / was able to have a couple of days off last week.
15. She swam strongly and could / was able to cross the river easily, even.
though it was swollen by the heavy rain.
III. Put in could or was/ were able to. Sometimes either is possible. Use a negative if necessary.
1. Suddenly all the lights went out. We ______ see a thing.
2. The computer went wrong, but luckily Emma ______ put it right again.
3. There was a big party last night. You ______ hear the music half a mile away.
4. I learnt to read music as a child. I ______ read it when I was five.
5. People heard warnings about the flood, and they ______ move out in time.
6. The train was full. I ______ find a seat anywhere.
7. Mrs. Carter ______ put out the fire before the house burnt down.
8. I looked everywhere for the book, but I ______ find it.
9. The plane ______ take off at eleven o'clock, after the fog had lifted.
10. It was foggy, so the plane ______ take off.
IV. Add question tags to the following statements.
1. He hardly ever makes a mistake, ________?
2. Nobody liked the play, ________?
3. She'd save money if she bought fresh food, ________?
4. She's very' funny. She's got a great sense of humour, ________?
5. The area was evacuated at once, ________?
6. Mr Smith usually remembered his wife's birthdays, ________?
7. It never -.works very well, ________?
8. He ought to have made a note of it, ________?
9. Neither of them offered to help you, ________?
10. There'll be plenty for everyone, ________?
11. Let's go out for dinner tonight, ________?
12. That isn't Bill driving, ________?
13. Nothing went wrong, ________?
14. There used to be trees here, ________?
15. This won't take long, ________?
16. Don't touch that button, ________?
17. I'm too late, ________?
18. Not a very good film, ________?
19. Somebody wanted a drink, ________?
20. They think he's funny, ________?
V. Fill in each blank with an appropriate preposition.
1. Yuri Gagarin lifted ______ into space aboard the Vostok 1 ________ 9.07 a.m. Moscow time ______ 12th
April, 1961.
2. He was ______ orbit around the Earth ______ a speed of more than 17,000 miles per hour.
3. No one knew precisely what would happen ______ a human being ______ space.
4. How would the mind deal ______ the psychological tension?
5. How would the body react ______ the extreme changes in temperature?
6. We congratulate you ______ your successful flight.
7. The American people shared ______ the Soviet people their satisfaction for the safe flight.
8. After his death, his hometown was named ______ him.
9. China became the third country in the world to be able to independently carry ______ manned space flights.
10. China launched its first manned spacecraft ______ space ______ October, 2003.

UNIT 15 TEST1
I. PRONUNCIATION
Choose the word that has the underlined part pronounced differently from that of the others.
1. a. foot b. moon c. look d. would
2. a. gravity b. aspiration c. biography d. possible
3. a. technical b. conquest c. psychology d. launched
4. a. national b. venture c. fortunate d. suggestion
5. a. support b. shuttle c. success d. venture
II. LANGUAGE FOCUS
A. Choose the word or phrase - a, b, c or d - that best completes the sentence or substitutes for the
underlined word or phrase.
6. Neil Armstrong was the first man to walk on the moon ______ 20 July 1969.
a. in b. at c. on d. of
7. She is never satisfied ______ what she's got.
a. to b. with c. for d. in .
8. In 1961 Yuri Gagarin lifted ______ into space aboard the Vostok 1.
a. off b. up c. on d. Ø
9. After landing, the team members were greeted like ______ heroes.
a. conquer b. conquering c. conqueror d. conquest
10. No one knew precisely what would happen to a human being in space.
a. exactly b. clearly c. carefully d. vividly
11. Neil Armstrong, an American ______, was the first man to step on the moon's surface.
a. scientist b. cosmonaut c. astronaut d. astronomer
12. The 27-year-old Soviet cosmonaut became the first person to eat and drink in ______.
a. weight b. weighting c. weightless d. weightlessness
13. About 100 Russian satellites are the earth.
a. flying b. orbitting c. traveling d. circuiting
14. Many people are demonstrating to express their ______ with the new land law.
a. satisfied b. satisfactory c. satisfaction d. dissatisfaction
15. The astronauts were able to send the information back to the earth.
a. spaceships b. space stations c. spacemen d. space shots
B. Choose the word or phrase - a, b, c or d - that best completes the sentence.
16. No one is better cook than his mother, ______?
a. is she b. isn't she c. are they d. aren’t they
17. Do it right now, ______?
a. will you b. shall you c. do you d. don't you
18. There are no easy ways to learn a foreign language, ______?
a. are they b. are there c. aren't they d. aren't there
19. He seldom goes to the library, ______?
a. doesn’t he b. is he c. does he d. isn’t he
20. Let's go for a long walk, ______?
a. will we b. shall we c. don't you d. do you
21. I'd lost my key, so I ______ the door when I got home.
a. could lock b. wasn't able to lock c. couldn't unlock d. was able to unlock
22. When Mr. Lee was younger, he ______ work in the garden for hours.
a. has got to b. should be able to c. can d. could
23. Yesterday I ______ to a furniture store. I bought a new lamp there.
a. could go b. could have gone c. went d. ought to have gone
24. Do you think there ______ less conflict in the world if all people ______ the same language?
a. would be/ spoke b. were/ would speak c. were/ spoke d. would have been/ had spoken
25. Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system, ______ eleven times the size of the earth.
a. being b. has c. is d. having
C. Choose the word or phrase - A, B, C or D -that needs correcting.
26. After the stock market crash of 1929, less people were able to find employment
27. The average temperature on Mars, the fourth planet from the sun, is about eighty degrees than colder on
Earth.
28. Halley's comet was named of the astronomer Edmund Halley, who was the first to realize that some comets
appear in regular cycles.
29. A number of people still wants to apply for the position of accountant in that company.
30. If I were a little taller I could be astronaut, but I don't meet the height requirement.
III. READING
A. Fill in each blank space with one appropriate from the box.
manned seriously affected space radiation groundless
weightlessness harmless journey flown appeared effects
Before man had (31) ______ in space it was thought that his physical and mental capabilities might be (32)
______ by long periods of (33) ______, and that he might be endangered by high levels of (34) ______. Yuri
Gagariri's first (35) ______flight in April 1961 showed that man could live in space and, although this (36)
______ only lasted for 108 minutes, it gave encouragement to those interested in the future of (37) ______
space flight. In fact most of the early fears about man's health in space have proved (38) ______, and although
several odd medical (39) ______ have been observed, none has (40) ______ affected man's ability for useful
work.

UNIT 15 TEST 2
I. PRONUNCIATION
Choose the word that has the main stress placed differently from that of the others.
1. a. scientist b. president c. engineer d. astronaut
2. a. conquest b. venture c. technical d. artificial.
3. a. biography b. psychological c. approximate d. congratulate
4. a. aspiration b. gravity c. challenge d. fortunate
5. a. success b. cosmonaut c. extreme d. appoint
II. LANGUAGE FOCUS
A. Choose the word or phrase - a, b, c or d - that best completes the sentence or substitutes for the
underlined word or phrase.
6. The Cosmonaut Training Center at Star City, Russia was named ______ him.
a. of b. on c. for d. after
7. China became the third country in the, world to be able to independently carry ______ manned space flights.
a. on b. out c. off d. over
8. Yuri Gagarin is the first human to fly ______ space.
a. in b. to c. into d. around
9. Man has witnessed a great many significant ______ of science and technology in the past few decades.
a. achieves b. achieved c. achievers d. achievements
10. He was pulled off an extraordinary ______ in completing the voyage single-handedly.
a. feast b. feat c. feature d. fervour
11. Sputnik was the first ______ satellite made by the USSR.
a. manned b. natural c. artificial d. live
12. From his window in space, Gagarin had a view of the Earth that no human beings had done before.
a. discription b. vision c. recognition d. attention
13. The successful flight marked a milestone in China's space project.
a. landmark b. record c. break-up d. progress
14. His flight was in ______ around the Earth at the speed of more than 17,000 miles per hour.
a. orbit b. travel c. circuit d. revolve
15. The use of computer aids in teaching, ______ the role of teachers is still very important.
a. yet b. unless c. despite d. where
B. Choose the word or phrase - a, b, c or d - that best completes the sentence.
16. I think he will join us, ______?
a. doesn't he b. won't he c. will he d. don't I
17. Tom wasn't at the party last night. He must not ______ a ride. I know he wanted to come, but he didn't have
a ride.
a. be able to have gotten b. have been able to get
c. to have been able to get d. be able to get
18. Robert ______ a new car for a very good price. He paid 30 percent less than the regular retail cost.
a. could buy b. was supposed to buy c. had to buy d. was able to buy
19. Since they came, we ______ able to work on the project.
a. are b. have been c. have to be d. were
20. After I ______ at the bus terminus, I found a crowd of schoolboys.
a. had arrived b. arrived c. have arrived d had been arriving
21. Seldom ______ such a beautiful sight.
a. have I seen b. I have ever seen c. I saw d. did I ever see
22. No one is indifferent to praise, ______ ?
a. is one b. isn’t one c. is he d. are they
23. Somebody has left these socks on the bathroom floor, ______ ?
a. have they b. haven't they c. has he d. hasn't he
24. Despite the bad weather, he ______ get to the airport in time.
a. could b. was able to c. couldn't d. might
25. The existence of many stars in the sky ______ us to suspect that there may be life on another planet.
a. lead b. leads c. leading d. have led
C. Choose the word or phrase - A, B, C or D - that needs correcting.
26. He hardly never says anything at the local meeting.
27. All the students in the class are enough good to pass the final exam.
28. Neither Sam nor James wanted their name associated with the project.
29. Not only could the younger people completed all the work quickly and accurately, but the retired workers
could also.
30. Our nervous system has over ten billions nerve cells in a network covering every inch of our skin and
organs.
31. According to geological discoveries, 4.6-billion-years life span of our planet is divided into four time
intervals called eras.
32. The players prepared good for the tournament but performed poorly.
33. During first ten years of the Space Age, which began in 1957, more than 500 artificial satellites were
rocketed into orbit around the Earth.
34. Air pollution, together with littering, are causing many problems in our large, industrial cities today.
35. Stars in our universe vary in temperature, color, bright, size and mass.
III. READING
A. Choose the word - a, b, c or d - that best fits the blank space in the following passage.
Is there life on Mars? Many people have (36) _____ about this question. Some writers of science-fiction think of
people from Mars (37) _____ little green creatures. Others imagine 'Martians' as monsters with many eyes.
In studying this planet, astronomers have found that life may be possible on Mars. The first (38) _____ of this is
that Mars has seasons, just like Earth. In other words, Earth's seasons, such as spring or summer, occur on Mars
too. Because these seasons exist, it may be possible for (39) _____ and other higher (40) _____ forms to be
found on Mars.
Astronomers also think that perhaps a small (41) _____ of water vapor could be found on Mars. In 1887, an
Italian astronomer, Giovanni Schiaparelli, discovered markings on Mars' surface. These markings looked like
canals. This finding (42) _____ astronomers to believe that since water exists on Mars, life forms could exist as
well.
However, there are (43) _____ who feel that life on mars is not possible. This is because there is little or no (44)
_____ of oxygen on the planet. In 1965, the Mariner IV capsule managed to take photographs of the planet. It
discovered that the only forms of life found are vegetation like fungi and mosses. (45) _____, people remain
fascinated by the idea that there could one day be life on Mars.
36. a. puzzled b. asked c. wondered d. confused
37. a. like b. to be c. as being d. as
38. a. indication b. print c. mark d. trace
39. a. vegetables b. vegetation c. vegetarian d. veterinary
40. a. lively b. living c. live d. life
41. a. quantity b. amount c. portion d. mass
42. a. got b. took c. led d. brought
43. a. others b. another c. other d. some other
44. a. mark b. speck c. trace d. bit
45. a. According b. Nevertheless c. Thus d. Consequently
B. Read the passage carefully, then choose the correct answer.
There is one planet that still fascinates and teases scientists mainly because it doesn't have an atmosphere to
9bscure observation, yet it is not big enough for sufficiently accurate telescopic observation. The fact that it is
also very close to the sun also makes it difficult for astronomers.
However, space telescopes have told us a lot more about Mercury. It is rather similar to Earth's moon and to
Mars. There are mountainous areas dotted with craters and large valleys which are uncratered. The moon's
valleys have fewer cracks and the ridges are smoother. Mercury's valleys are filled with volcanic rocks, similar
to on the moon, yet there is no evidence of volcanoes, even extinct ones, on Mercury, as there is on the both
Mars and the moon, and of course here on Earth.
So, scientists presume the valleys on Mercury were caused by different things, that is to say not by volcanoes,
but by very large meteorites, which also caused the cracks in the terrain and left the ridges rough and uneven.
More and better photos of Mercury are needed to prove what are at present at best only hypotheses.
46. What is the topic of this passage?
a. The planet, Mercury b. Observation of planets
c. The Earth's moon d. Astronomers' difficulties
47. Why does Mercury still tease scientists?
a. Because it has an atmosphere which obscures observation:
b. Because it is too close to the sun;
c. Because it is too small.
d. Because it is difficult for space probes to get close to.
48. What is true about Mercury but not true about the moon or Mars?
a. The valleys are filled with volcanic rocks. b. There are no volcanoes.
c. The valleys are uncratered d. There are hilly regions.
49. What does the author imply space telescopes can do better than land-based telescopes?
a. Show, the volcanoes on Mercury.
b. Show the meteorites which hit Mercury.
c. Show what caused Mercury's valleys.
d. Show more of the planet, Mercury.
50. What can we infer from the passage that astronomers still need to get more detailed observation of Mercury?
a. Better and more space telescopes b. More hypotheses.
c. Larger space telescopes d. More ways to prove hypotheses.

UNIT 16 THE WONDERS OF THE WORLD

I. Circle the word with a different underlined consonant sound.
1. raise blocks museum pyramids
2. ancient enclose block rank.
3. chamber belongings tomb block
4. technique architect dedicate chamber
5. although straight laugh weight
6. weather theory throne thousand
7. consist treasure suggest surpass
8. prepared surpassed burried proposed
9. suggestion century structure construction
10. journey suggest magic magazine
II. Complete each of the sentence with one appropriate word from the box.
chamber burial tomb belongings spiral
treasures ramps wonders mysterious man-made
1. Many forgotten ______ have been discovered in the attics of the old houses.
2. She collected up her personal ______ and left.
3. We want to give him a decent Christian ______.
4. Iceland is full hot springs, beautifully coloured rocks, and other natural ______.
5. Rayon is a ______ fiber.
6. Divers transfer from the water to a decompression ______.
7. A ______ is a grave where a dead person is buried.
8. Special ______ have been designed for wheelchair access.
9. A snail's shell is ______ in form.
10. They are investigating the ______ disappearance of the plane.
III. Write these sentence in another way, beginning as shown.
1. People know that he is armed.
He ____________________________________________________
2. It is believed that the man was killed by terrorists.
The man _______________________________________________
3. People think that the company is planning a new advertising campaign.
The company ___________________________________________
4. It was reported that the President had suffered a heart attack.
The President ____________________________________________
5. It is alleged that the man was driving at 110 miles an hour.
The man ________________________________________________
6. People know that the expedition reached the South Pole in May.
The expedition ___________________________________________
7. It is said that there is a secret tunnel between them.
There __________________________________________________
8. People consider that she was the best singer that Australia has ever produced.
She ____________________________________________________
9. It is expected that the weather will be good tomorrow.
The weather ______________________________________________
10. A lot of people believe that the Prime Minister and his wife have separated.
The Prime Minister and his wife _______________________________
11. It is reported that the building has been badly damaged by the fire.
The building ______________________________________________
12. People have acknowledged that underfunding, contributed to the problem.
Underfunding _____________________________________________
13. People believe that he has special knowledge which may be useful to the police.
He _____________________________________________________
14. Journalists suppose that the footballer is earning ten million pounds a year.
The footballer _____________________________________________
15. It is reported that the damage is extensive.
The damage ______________________________________________
IV. Make passive sentences.
1. They presented Maria Svensson with the award last night.
2. People were watching the game outside the stadium on a huge screen.
3. The south coast continues to attract holidaymakers.
4. Somebody has described Keith Jones as the world's greatest guitarist.
5. Robert always hated other children teasing him.
6. Somebody should have offered Marry a drink when she arrived.
7. Kay's questions began to irritate Malcolm.
8. You have to see it to believe it.
9. People are blaming climate change for the recent flooding.
10. Why did no one inform me of the change of the plan?
11. Everybody believed that the plan would fail.
12. We have discovered that a mechanical fault caused the problem.
V. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first one
1. The police think the burglar got in through the bathroom window.
The burglar ______________________________________________
2. She was sorry that she hadn't applied for the job in the library.
She regretted ____________________________________________
3. People used to think that the earth was flat.
It ______________________________________________________
4. His mother was the most warm-hearted person I've ever known.
I've ____________________________________________________
5. People say that the driver was listening to his walkman at the time of the crash.
The driver _______________________________________________
6. Thanks to the improvement in export sales, the company has had a successful year.
Without _________________________________________________
7. I'm sorry I didn't go to your birthday party last night.
I wish __________________________________________________
8. People believe that the Prime Minister will resign tomorrow.
The Prime Minister ________________________________________
9. They are going to repair our car next week.
We ____________________________________________________
10. Although it was raining heavily, none of the guests came late.
In spite _________________________________________________

UNIT 16 TEST1
I. PRONUNCIATION
Choose the word that has the underlined part pronounced differently from that of the others.
1. a. world b. wonder c. theory d. proceed
2. a. pyramid b. spiral c. private d. recycle
3. a. weather b. treasure c. great d. jealous
4. a. raised b. ranked c. surpassed d. laughed
5. a. suggest b. century c. upon d. bury
II. LANGUAGE FOCUS
A. Choose the word or phrase - a, b, c or d - that best completes the sentence or substitutes for the
underlined word or phrase.
6. The structure consisted ______ approximately 2 million blocks of stone,
a. on b. with c. of d. in
7. The Great Pyramid ranked ______ the tallest structure on earth for more than 43 centuries.
a. in b. of c. at d. as
8. The purpose of the pyramid was to protect the burial chamber ______ the weather.
a. for b. from c. of d. in
9. The Great Pyramid of Giza is one of the, famous man-made wonders of the world.
a. artificial b. natural c. modern d. enternal
10. The Great Pyramid was only ______ in height in the nineteenth century AD.
a. proposed b. promoted c. improved d. surpassed
11. There are rumors of buried ______ in that old house.
a. belongings b. tomb c. treasure d. chamber
12. Each tower of the Ponagar Towers was ______ to a different god.
a. dedicated b. distributed c. delivered d. contributed
13. The Great Wall is China's most popular ______.
a. construction b. attraction c. impression d. contribution
14. A visit to the Great Wall will certainly bring tourists great ______ in each step of the wall.
a. excite b. exciting c. excitement d. excited
15. The Great Wall of China is considered one of the greatest wonders in the world ______ its magnificence and
significance.
a. in spite of b. because c. instead of d. thanks to
B. Choose the word or phrase - a, b, c or d - that best completes the sentence.
16. The current constitutional problem is ______ by the top legal minds in the country.
a. studying b. being studied c. being studying d. been studied
17. It was announced that neither the passengers nor the driver ______ in the crash.
a. were injured b. are injured c. was injured d. have been injured
18. If it keeps on raining, the basketball game ought ______.
a. to postpone b. to be postponed c. postpone d. be postponed
19. The first question must ______ before you attempt the others.
a. be answered b. have answered c. answer d. to answer
20. The manager expected the team ______ because they hadn't done enough training.
a. to be lost b. have lost c. by losing d. to lose
21. The floor in the room was so dirty as if it ______ for days.
a. hadn't swept b. wouldn't have swept
c. haven't been swept d. hadn't been swept
22. What's wrong with your car? ~ I think it needs ______.
a. check b. checking c. to check d. be checked
23. I think you should ______.
a. have your hair be cut b. have your hair cut
c. cut your hair d. have your hair been cut
24. Both domestic and imported automobikes must ______ anti-pollution devices.
a. equip with b. equip by c. be equipped with d. be equipped by
25. ______ that we have to leave the building.
a. We have informed b. It has been informed
c. It has beep informed us d. We have been informed
C. Choose the word or phrase - A, B, C or D - that needs correcting.
26. They are planning on attending the convention next month, and so I am.
27. Financier Andrew Mellon donated most of this magnificent art collection to the National Gallery of Art,
where it is now locating.
28. Because of its vast tracts of virtually uninhabited northern forest, Canada has one of the lowest population
density in the world,
29. Some of the people were standing the street watched the parade, while others were singing songs.
30. As soon as Pete had arrived, he told us that he will be leaving for London tomorrow after the board meeting.
III. READING
A. Fill in each blank space with one appropriate from the box. .
visible network conservative Astronauts monument
structure discernible designated measured dispelled
The Great Wall is probably China's best-known (31) ______ and one of its mast popular tourist destinations. In
1987 it was (32) ______ a World Heritage Site by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural
Organization (UNESCO). The Great Wall is not a single, continuous (33) ______. Rather, it consists of a (34)
______ of walls and towers that leaves the frontier open in places. Estimates of the total length of the monument
vary, depending on which sections are included and haw they are (35) ______. The Great Wall is about 2,400
km (about 1,500 mi) long, according to (36) ______ estimates. Other estimates cite a length .of 6,400 km (4,000
mi), or even longer. Some long-standing myths about the wall have been (37) ______ in recent decades. The
existing wall is hat several thousand years old, nor is it, as has been widely asserted, (38) ______ with the naked
eye from outer space. ((39) ______ have confirmed this. However, same of the wall is (40) ______ in special
radar images taken by satellites.)
B. Read the passage carefully, then choose the correct answer.
The ruined temples of Angkor are perhaps one of the mast impressive Seven Wonders of the World. Located in
modern day Cambodia near Lake TonIe Sap, the largest freshwater lake in Asia, Angkor was the seat of power
for the Khmer Empire from the ninth to the fifteenth century. The ruins of Angkor are d9cumented as same .of
the mast impressive ones in the world, rivaling the pyramids of Giza in Egypt. Why this mighty civilization died
out is a question that archeologists are now only beginning to ponder. The answer, it turns out, may be linked
with the availability of fresh water.
One possible explanation far the downfall of the Khmer Empire has to do with the inhabitants' irrigation system.
The temple and palaces of Angkor were constructed around a series of artificial reservoirs and canals which
were annually flooded to capacity by the Mekong River. Once filled, they were used to irrigate the surrounding
rice patties and farmland during the course of the year. Farmers were completely dependent upon the water for
their crucial rice crop. Without consistent irrigation, the farmers would have been unable to maintain functional
crop production.
Scientists speculate that toward the end of the Khmer Empire the hydraulic systems of the reservoirs and canals
broke down. The construction of hundreds of sandstone temples and palaces required an enormous amount of
physical labor. In addition, as the capital of the Khmer Empire, Angkor contained upwards of one hundred
thousand people who resided in and around Angkor. In order to feed so many people, the local farmers were
driven to grow food quicker and more efficiently. After centuries of continual use, the irrigation system was
pushed beyond its capacity. Soil erosion, nutrient depletion, and the loss of water led to decrease in the food
supply. With less food available, the people of Angkor slowly began to migrate to other parts of Cambodia thus
leaving the marvelous city of Angkor to be swallowed by the jungle. Therefore, it is speculated that the Khmer
Empire may have fallen victim to its own decrepit infrastructure.
41. What is the passage mainly about?
a. Modern day agricultural procedures in Cambodia.
b. A possible explanation for the, decline of a civilization.
c. The essential role water plays in farming.
d. Religious temples of the ancient Khmer Empire.
42. The passage preceding the passage most likely discusses ______.
a. architecture of ancient Asian civilization
b. religious practices of the people of Angkor
c. the form of government practiced by the Khmer Empire
d. the other six wonders of the world
43. According to the passage, Lake Tonle Sap in Cambodia ______.
a. is an enormous fresh body of water in Asia
b. was unable to supply enough fish for the people of Angkor
c. became polluted due to a population explosion
d. is one of the Seven Wonders of the World
44. Why does the author mention the hydraulic systems of the reservoirs?
a. They supplied irrigation from the Indian Ocean.
b. They became non-functional due to overuse.
c. They were destroyed by nearby warrior tribes.
d. They helped transport the sandstones for constructing temples.
45. It can be inferred from the passage that the inhabitants of the Khmer Empire ______.
a. were intentionally starved by the farmers
b. lost their food source due to excess rainfall
c. supplemented their diets with 'meat hunted in the nearby jungles
d. depended upon rice as their main source of food
46. All the following are mentioned as events that can affect food supply EXCEPT.
a. erosion of soil b. contamination of soil
c. reduction of nutrients d. loss of water supply

UNIT 16 TEST2
I. PRONUNCIATION
Choose the word that has the main stress is placed differently from that of the others.
1. a. wonder b. pyramid c. treasure d. belongings
2. a. surpass b. spiral c. propose d. mysterious
3. a. theory b. chamber c. consist d. structure
4. a. architect b. attraction c. museum d. construct
5. a. satellite b. artificial c. heritage d. ancient
II. LANGUAGE FOCUS
A. Choose the word or phrase - a, b, c or d - that best completes the sentences or substitutes for the
underlined word or phrase.
6. In 1987, the Great Wall was listed as a World Heritage _____ UNESCO.
a. with b. to c. of d. by
7. We are all keen ______ taking a trip to the Great Wall of China.
a. to b. on c. of d. in
8. We had to ______ the noise from the building site next door for three months.
a. give up b. stand up to c. put up with d. look up to
9. Remember to take all your personal ______ from the overhead locker when you leave the airplane.
a. belongings b. treasure c. wealth d. profits
10. The structure ______ of approximately 2 million blocks of stone, each weighing about 2.5 tons.
a. included b. consisted c. contained d. combined
11. The Ponagar Cham Towers are located on Cu Lao Marble Hill, 2 km north of Nha Trang.
a. lain b. built c. sited d. detected
12. The family chose cremation rather than ______.
a. burial b. burning c. embalmment d. funeral
13. One theory involved the construction of a straight or spiral ramp that was raised as the construction
proceeded.
a. ground b. path c. field d. slope
14. When it was built, the Great Pyramid was 147 meters high on a ______ of 230 meters square.
a. basic b. base c. basin d. basement
15. These suggestions are ______ to be accepted by the majority of members.
a. impossible b. unlikely c. undoubtedly d. inconceivable
B. Choose the word or phrase - a, b, c or d - that best completes the sentences.
16. The Mayan Indians ______ an accurate and sophisticated calendar more than seven centuries ago.
a. were developed b. developed c. are developed d. have been developed
17. The building ______ the earthquake but then ______ by a fire.
a. was survived - destroyed b. survived - was destroyed
c. survived - destroyed d. was survived - was destroyed
18. 'Did you like the film?' ' Well, after ______ the book, I was a bit disappointed.'
a. have read b. having read c. am reading d. had read
19. What are you doing here now? You ______ be here for another three hours.
a. couldn't b. had better not c. might not d. aren't supposed to
20. You have cut the material in the wrong place. It ought ______ just here but it wasn't.
a to have been cut b. be cut c. to have cut d. to cut
21. We can't risk ______ in heavy traffic during rush hour.
a. holding up b. being held up c. having held up d. to hold up
22. Changes to the taxation system are expected ______.
a. to propose b. to have proposed c. to be proposed d. being proposed
23. Robert always hated ______ by other children.
a. teasing b. having teased c. to be teased d. being teased
24. You and I went there together, ______?
a. didn't you b. did you c. did we d. didn't we
25. We ______ in such a great mess now if we ______ it before.
a. wouldn't have been - have known b. won't be - knew
c. won't have been - have known d. wouldn't be - had known
C. Choose the word or phrase - A, B, C or D - that needs correcting.
26. One of the most impressive collections of the nineteenth-century European paintings in the United States
can find in the Philadelphia Museum of Art.
27. Benny Goodman was equally talented as both a jazz performer as well as a classical musician.
28. Zoos in New Orleans, San Diego, Detroit and the Bronx have become biological parks where animals
roams free and people watch them across a moat.
29. The teacher repeated the assignment again for the students, since they had difficulty understanding what to
do after he had explained it the first time.
30. In 1960 John F. Kennedy became the youngest man ever to elect president.
31. The abilities to work hard, follow directions and thinking independently are some of the criteria for success
in the workplace.
32. I would like to congratulate you on how you have taken care of all the matters related on the reorganization
of your department.
33. There were too many books on the shelves that I didn't know which one to choose.
34. If the message was more detailed, I would have been able to understand it when I read it.
35. Judy decided to wait until after she had taken her exams before having her wisdom teeth pull.
III. READING
A. Choose the word or phrase that best fits the blank space.
The building of the pyramid in Ancient Egypt obviously (36) ______ a vast labour force, but the (37) ______
image of gangs of Egyptians being forced to work is probably incorrect. In fact it seems that though prisoners of
war did some of the heavy work and the maintenance jobs, most of the (38) ______ labourers were farmers who
worked during the flood periods when farming was (39) ______ anyway. The labourers were probably paid (40)
_____ food - because money did not yet (41) _____ and organised in groups with (42) _____ names such as
'Hardworking Gang' or 'Strong Gang'. (43) ______ the traditional picture of thousands of slaves being struck
with whips is unlikely to be "true, paintings do show supervisors carrying metre-long sticks which were not
simply (44) ______ of office. One architect, Nekhebu, (45) ______ that he never hit a workman (46) ______
enough to knock him down. The Greek historian Herodotus gave traditional figures for the work force of one of
the pyramids as 100;000 men replaced (47) ______ three months for a period of 20 years. It is impossible to
prove or disprove these figures, but they had doubtless been (48) ______ overestimated. Housing that was found
in the desert (49) ______ the west of one of the pyramids would have accommodated a (50) ______ work force
of no more than 4000.
36. a. consumed b. required c. requested d. demanded
37. a. common b. normal c. popular d. usual
38. a. ordinary b. common c. normal d. unusual
39. a. unable b. unlikely c. improbable d. impossible
40. a. by b. in c. with d. for
41. a. exist b. realise c. appear d. emerge
42. a. provoking b. stimulating c. encouraging d. exciting
43. a. Because b. So that c. Unless d. Although
44. a. tokens b. symbols c. signs d. indicators
45. a. spoke b. told c. boasted d. explained
46. a. hard b. strong c. violently d. vehemently
47. a. each b. by c. after d. every
48. a. largely b. exceedingly c. wildly d. excessively
49. a. towards b. to c. in d. by
50. a. permanent b. constant c. lasting d. durable
B. Read the passage carefully, then choose the correct answer.
Taj Mahal, a mausoleum in Agra, India, regarded as one of the most beautiful buildings in the world. The
Mughal emperor Shah Jahan had it built in memory of his wife, Arjumand Banu Bagam, known as Mumtaz
Mahal (Persian for "Elect of the Palace"), who died in 1631.
Building commenced about 1632. The mausoleum was complete by about 1643 and the surrounding complex of
buildings and gardens was complete by about 1653. Situated on the southern bank of the Yamuna River, the
white marble mausoleum is composed of four identical facades, each containing a large central arch 33 m (108
ft) high. A large bulb-shaped dome, over 73 m (240 ft) tall, rises over the center, with four smaller domes
surrounding it. The building is raised on a square podium with a minaret at each corner. It is flanked by two red
sandstone buildings-a mosque and its replica, the Jawab (Answer), a building of which the main function is
visual balance. Visitors approach the Taj Mahal through an imposing red sandstone gate, decorated with
inscriptions from the Muslim holy book, the Qur'an (Koran). The gate and accompanying walls also contain a
vast, geometrically laid out garden, 305 m (1,002 ft) on each side. The enclosed garden, itself a Muslim symbol
of paradise, is centered on a large, raised pool. Canals divide it into four equal parts, each containing flower
beds, fountains, and cypress trees (symbols of death).
Inside theTaj Mahal, the tomb of Mumtaz Mahal stands at the center of an octagonal hall, while the slightly
larger tomb of Shah Jahan, who died in 1666, is off to one side. Both are elaborately carved and inlaid with
semiprecious stones, illuminated by sunlight filtering through an elaborately carved marble screen that is also
studded with jewels.
51. What is the Taj Mahal?
a. A temple b. A monument c. A tomb d. A shrine
52. Which of the following is not true?
a. The Taj Mahal was built by the Mughah emperor Shah Jahan.
b. It took approximately 20 years to complete the mausoleum.
c. The front of the building is similar in all sides.
d. The mausoleum has four domes around it.
53. The word 'minaret' in line 11 is closest in meaning to ______.
a. tower b. mosque c. altar d. statue
54. The Jawab ______.
a. is a mosque where people worship
b. has a main function of decorating.
c. was decorated with inscriptions from the Koran
d. was built by red stones
55. According to the passage, which of the following statements is false?
a. The garden of the Taj Mahal is a Muslim symbol of paradise.
b. In beauty of design and rich decorative detail, Taj Mahal is one of the best buildings in the world.
c. The Mughah emperor Shah Jahan died 35 years after his wife.
d. The tombs of Shah Jahan's and his wife are located at the center of the mausoleum.