2018

Q1. Who is known as the father of sociology?

Ans. August comte

Q2. Define the social value?

Ans. Social values are a set of moral principles defined by society dynamics, institutions,
traditions and cultural beliefs.

Q3. What is role set?

Ans. A role set is a situation where a single status has more than one role attached to it.

Q4. What is social stratification?

Ans. Division of members in groups

Q5. Who gave the concept of Verstehen?

Ans. Max Weber

Q6. Define association?

Ans. An association defines a relationship between two entity objects based on common

attributes.

Q7. What is meant by caste?

Ans. Caste is a form of social stratification characterized by endogamy, hereditary transmission

of a style of life which often includes an occupation, ritual status.
Q8. Who wrote the book " The social Control" ?

Ans. Richard T LaPiere

Q9. What do you mean by custom?

Ans . a traditional and widely accepted way of behaving or doing something that is specific to a
particular society, place, or time.

Q10. Give two example of materialistic cultures?

Ans. cars, buildings, clothing, and tools

Part- B

Q11. Describe the relation of sociology with psychology?

Ans. Sociology and Psychology are closely related with each other. Both are interrelated and

inter-dependent. Psychology is concerned with the exploration of the depth of man’s mind and

behavior in society. It is said that psychology shows the significance of the relationship between

the organism (individual) and environment and the response of the former to the latter. It is

defined as “the study of man’s mental life and behavior”. It is the science of mind of mental

processes.

The aim of psychology is to arrive at the laws of mental life and behavior of human beings.

Sociology, on the other hand is the study of society. It studies man’s social relationships. In the

words of Thouless, psychology is the positive science of human experience and behavior.

Thus, sociology studies society where as psychology is concerned with human behavior, So there

are resemblances between psychology and sociology. Both are regarded as positive science.

These two disciplines have a great deal in common and are inter-related.
Q12.

Q13. Describe major problems of linguistic communities?

Ans. Linguistic problems and complexities can be classed as lexical, syntactic or semantic
depending on their context. Lexical problems involve the interpretation of particular words or
phrases rather than entire classes. These problems exist independent of context although they are
only evident in it. Syntactic problems involve structural relations between words or phrases; they
are often expressed semantically (ie in ambiguity) but this is a symptom rather than a cause.

Semantic problems are subdivided into lexical, syntactic and discourse types. Although both
lexical and semantic lexical problems involve single words or phrases, semantic problems are
syncategoric rather than specific. Semantic problems in syntax occur when a construction's
syntax is correct but its sense is ill-formed or ambiguous, or vice versa. Discourse semantic cases
involve an utterance's discourse context and, because utterances of this type are both
syntactically and semantically well-formed, describe language complexities rather than
problems.

Some of these cases can be handled by existing processing methods while others remain
intractable. 

Q14. Discuss the forms of social stratification?

Ans. Slavery is an extreme form of inequality in which some individuals are literally owned by
others as their property. The legal conditions of slave ownership have varied considerably in
different societies. There are different variants of slavery. Bonded labour is one such form of
slavery in India. In all parts of world slavery, as a form of stratification has become extinct.

(2) Caste:

Caste system is extremely elaborate and varies in its structure from area to area so much so that it
does not really constitute one ‘system’ at all, but a loosely connected diversity of varying beliefs
and cultural practices, though certain principles are shared by all the castes. This form of
stratification as we shall see later on, has assumed wider structural and cultural dimensions.

(3) Estate:

Estates are the feudal clusters with varying obligations and rights towards each other. Estates
have developed both in Europe, United States and Asia. In our country jagirdars and jamindars
were the traditional estate holders.

With the abolition of jamindari and jagirdari systems these groups of people do not legally exist.
However, the former estate holders in rural society even today hold much power. They are big
peasants and occupy positions of power in PRIs and legislatures. At operational level they
constitute a considerable rank in both rural and urban stratification.

(4) Class:

Classes are not established by legal or religious provisions. Nor membership to class is based on
inherited position as specified either legally or by custom. Class systems are typically more fluid
than the other types of stratification and the boundaries between classes are never clear-cut.

There are no formal restrictions on inter-marriage between people from different classes. Some
of the characteristics of class include individual’s achievement, social mobility, economic status
and class consciousness.

Thus, class is a large-scale grouping of people who share common economic resources, which
strongly influence the types of lifestyle they are able to lead. Ownership of wealth, together with
occupation, is the chief basis of class differences.