Sampling Distribution-2

Unit-5
Marginal error
If the unknown proportion p is not expected to be too close to 0 or 1,
we can
establish a confidence interval for p by considering the sampling
distribution of
P^. Designating a failure in each binomial trial by the value 0 and a
success by
the value 1, the number of successes, x, can be interpreted as the
sum of n values
consisting only of 0 and 1s, and ˆp is just the sample mean of these n
values. Hence,
by the Central Limit Theorem, for n sufficiently large, P^ is
approximately normally
distributed with mean
Marginal error:
Consider the problem where we wish to estimate the difference
between two binomial
parameters p1 and p2. For example, p1 might be the proportion of
smokers with lung cancer and p2 the proportion of nonsmokers with
lung cancer, and the problem is to estimate the difference between
these two proportions. First, we select independent random samples of
sizes n1 and n2 from the two binomial populations with means n1p1
and n2p2 and variances n1p1q1 and n2p2q2, respectively;
then we determine the numbers x1 and x2 of people in each sample
with lung cancer
and form the proportions ˆp1 = x1/n and ˆp2 = x2/n. A point estimator
of the
Choosing between
difference independent samples
the two from the
proportions, p1two populations
− p2, ensures
is given by the
that the^P1
statistic variables
− ^ P2.^P1 and ^ P2 will be independent, and then by
the reproductive
Therefore, property
the difference of of
thethe normal
sample distributionˆp1
proportions, established in be
− ˆp2, will
Theorem
used as the7.11, we conclude that ^ P1 − ^P2 is approximately
normally
point distributed
estimate of p1 −with
p2. mean
 Paint Drying Time: Two independent experiments are run in which two
different types of paint are compared. Eighteen specimens are painted
using type A, and the drying time, in hours, is recorded for each. The same
is done with type B. The population standard deviations are both known to
be 1.0. that the mean drying time is equal for the two types of
Assuming
paint, find
P( ￣ XA− ￣ XB > 1.0), where ￣ XA and ￣ XB are average drying
times for samples of size nA = nB = 18.
The television picture tubes of manufacturer A have a mean lifetime of 6.5
years and a standard deviation of 0.9 year, while those of manufacturer B
have a mean lifetime of 6.0 years and a standard deviation of 0.8 year.
What is the probability that a random sample of 36 tubes from
manufacturer A will have a mean lifetime that is at least 1 year more than
the mean lifetime of a sample of 49 tubes from manufacturer B?