Bahasa Inggris Teknik

Tugas Report 1
LAPORAN RESISTOR

Disusun
Oleh:

Nama : M. Ridho Andriansyah

NPM : 1907220043
Dosen : Drs.M Ali Prawiro,MA

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SUMATERA UTARA

FAKULTAS TEKNIK
2020
 BAB I
PRELIMINARY

1.1 BACKGROUND
Objects around us that have resistors and voltages in them, for example tv tubes, tv
remotes, computers, keyboards, mice, lamps, irons and many more, therefore we need to
learn what a resistor is and what voltage is. Resistors have many uses in everyday life,
especially in the electrical field. The usefulness of the resistor is as follows; Generating
electricity potential and reducing the voltage (potential) of electricity.
Resistor is an electronic component that serves to inhibit the flow of electric current.
Resistors are made with a body size that reflects the ability to absorb power if it receives
electricity, called the ability of electric power. This power will increase the temperature of the
resistor, and if it exceeds the specified power capability, it can cause permanent damage.
Now practicum we from group IV measure the voltage of three resistors which are then
coupled with a power supply and an ampere meter, the results of the voltage reading that can
be seen can be seen on the multimeter display which is indicated by the pointer on the
multimeter.
1.1.1 Resistor
Resistors are widely used in basic electronic components which are used to limit
the amount of current flowing in a circuit, resistors are resistive and are generally made of
carbon. Resistor produces a voltage that is proportional to the electric current through it, the
unit of resistance of a resistor is called ohms or denoted by Ω (omega). The ability of
resistors to inhibit electric current varies depending on the value of the resistor, the value of
the resistor shown in the finished color to find out the resistor qualifications can be seen from
the color of the resistor itself.
Resistors also function to inhibit or limit the flow of electricity that flows in an
electronic circuit. The power capacity of the resistor is the maximum power value that can be
passed by the resistor, and the tolerance of the resistor is the change in the value of the
resistance listed on the resistor body, the resistor tolerance is one of the resistor
characteristics changes that occur due to the operational of the resistor.
Error in reading the color ring on the resistor can affect the determination of the
resistance value of the resistor, the use of technological advances is something that can not be
avoided in this life, thus it is expected that with technological advances, errors in determining
resistor resistor values can be minimized.

1.1.2 Voltage
Voltage can be interpreted as an embodiment of electrical energy. The voltage can
be generated through electricity generation, but on a small scale it is not called a generator
but is more common with electricity producers only. Examples of electrical voltage that we
often encounter is 220V on 1.5V household electricity on batteries and 12V on batteries.
Voltage functions as power (power), to be able to work an electronic circuit11 requires an
electric voltage as its driving force, therefore in a series of parts that produce electricity is
usually called Power Supply.
Voltage is divided into 2 types namely, DC voltage and AC voltage. DC voltage is
a voltage with direct current flow, DC voltage has a positive notation / sign at one point and
negative at another point, DC voltage sources include voltaic elements, batteries, and
batteries. Installation of DC voltage in the circuit must be correct according to the pole
because if it can not cause damage to both parts.
AC voltage, i.e. voltage with alternating current flow, AC voltage is not has a
notation of the sign as in the DC voltage, therefore installation 2 AC voltage on the circuit
may be reversed except for the application of a 3 phase AC voltage on an electric motor. AC
voltage sources include household electricity (from PLN), generators, bicycle dynamos and
alternators in cars or motorbikes.
How to find out the magnitude of the voltage between the two points we need a
measuring instrument, there are two measuring devices that are usually used in measuring
voltage, the multimeter (AVO meter) and the oscilloscope. Especially for AC voltage, with a
Voltmeter / Multimeter we can only know the voltage value only, while with the oscilloscope
we can see the waveform while calculating its frequency.

2.1. Resistor
The purpose of Practicum Module III on Resistors is :
1. Knowing the voltage value of each resistor.
2. Can read the value of the colors in the resistor
3. Can read the measurement results of each resistor.

2.2. Voltage
The objectives of Practicum Module III on Voltage are :
1. Find out the value of each resistor voltage.
2. Knowing the resistor voltage value using Ammeters.
3. Find out the value of the resistor voltage using a Voltmeter
BAB II
THEORETICAL BASIS

2.1 UNDERSTANDING RESISTOR

 Resistor is an electronic component that serves to inhibit or limit the flow of electricity
that flows in an electronic circuit. The resistor function, as the name implies, is resistive and
belongs to an electronic component in the passive component category. The unit or resistance
value of a resistor is called Ohm and is symbolized by the symbol Omega (Ω). It is in
accordance with Ohm's law that resistance is inversely proportional to the amount of current
flowing through it. The resistor value (Ohm) resistor also has other values such as the
tolerance value and the power capacity it can pass. All values related to these resistors are
important to know in the design of an electronic circuit, therefore resistor manufacturers
always include in the resistor packaging.
 Resistor symbol
Here are the resistor symbols in the form of images that are often used in an electronic
circuit design.

Resistor Symbols

 Resistor Power Capacity

The power capacity of the resistor is the maximum power value that can be passed by
the resistor. The value of the power capacity of this resistor can be recognized from the
physical size of the resistor and the writing of the power capacity in Watt units for resistors
with large physical packaging. Determining the resistor's power capacity is important to
avoid the resistor being damaged due to excess power flowing so the resistor burns and as a
form of cost and place efficiency in making electronic circuits.
 Types of resistors:
1. Wire resistors
 Wire resistors or wirewound resistors are resistors that are made with wire mesh
wrapped around, so that the value of resistor resistance is determined by the length of the
wire wrapped around it. This type of resistor is generally made with large power capacity.

2. Charcoal Resistor
Charcoal resistors or carbon resistors are resistors made with the main ingredient of
charcoal or carbon rods with a power capacity of 1/16 Watt, 1/8 Watt, 1/4 Watt, 1/2 Watt, 1
Watt, 2 Watt and 3 Watt.

3. Metal Oxide Resistors

Metal oxide resistors are resistors made with the main ingredients of metal oxides
which have better characteristics. Metal film resistors can be found with tolerance values of
1% and 2%. Metal film resistors are widely used for measurement, industrial and military
devices.

2.2 UNDERSTANDING VOLTAGE

Electric voltage (Voltage) is the difference in electrical potential between two points in
an electric circuit, and is expressed in volts. This quantity measures the potential energy of an
electric field which results in the flow of electricity in an electrical conductor. Depending on
the difference in electrical potential, a Electric voltage can be said to be extra low, low, high
or extrahigh. Voltage Types :

1) AC voltage (Alternating Current) is a voltage whose magnitude is always changing

periodically. AC voltage can be seen using a CRO (Cathode Ray Oscilloscope).
2) DC voltage (Direct Current) is a voltage that has a large constant periodically.
 BAB III
DATA COLLECTION AND PROCESSING

3.1 DATA COLLECTION

3.1.1 Tools and Materials
Here are the tools and materials for the practicum :

Multimeter Analog

Resistor

Voltmeter
 Power Supply

3.1 DATA COLLECTION

3.1.1 Tools and Materials
Here are the tools and materials for the practicum :
Resistor Observation Data :

No Color Score Rank Pita

1 Black 0 10 0 -
2 Brown 1 10 1 1%
3 Red 2 10 2 2%
4 Orange 3 10 3 -
5 Yellow 4 10 4 -
6 Green 5 10 5 0,5 %
7 Blue 6 10 6 0,25 %
8 Purple 7 10 7 0,1 %
9 Grey 8 10 8 -
10 White 9 10 9 -
11 Gold 5% 10 -1 5%
12 Silver 10 % 10 -2 10 %
13 No Color 20 % - -

Tabel Voltage Observation:

Score String 1 String 2 String 3
V0 1,2 V 1,2 V 1,2 V
R1 470 Ohm 470 Ohm 1K Ohm
R2 1k Ohm 1M Ohm 1M Ohm

3.2 DATA PROCESSING

3.2.1 RESISTOR Measuring on 6 different resistors Where is the resistor value :
 1) 1st ring: First number
2) 2nd ring: The second number
3) 3rd ring: The number of zeros after the 2nd number
4) Ring 4: Tolerance Following are the results of the measurement

The following major barriers to the practicum

Tabel 3.3 Great Obstacles

Large Resistance on
Resistor Color Score Rank Pita Great Obstacles the multimeter

Yellow 4
Purple 7 47x103= 47000
1
Orange 103 Ω Toleransi 5%
Gold 5%
Blue 6
Grey 8
68x101= 680 Ω
2 Brown 101
Toleransi 20%
No Color 20%
Brown 1
Red 2 12x102 = 1200 Ω
3
Red 102 Toleransi 5%
Gold 5%
Yellow 4
Purple 7 47x103 = 47000
4
Red 103 Ω Toleransi 5%
Gold 5%
Brown 1
Black 0 10x100 = 10 Ω
5
Black 100 Toleransi 5%
Gold 5%
Yellow 4
Purple 7 47x100 = 47 Ω
6
Black 100 Toleransi 1%
Brown 1%

Calculation of Resistance on Multimeters

Color values to 1 to 3 colors from back x to the penultimate color rank.
1. 47 x 103 = 47000Ω
 Nilai Toleransi ± 5% : 47000 x 5% = 2350Ω
Nilai Resistor = 44650Ω s/d 49350Ω
2. 68 x 101 =680Ω
Nilai Toleransi ± 20% : 680 Ω x 20% = 136Ω
Nilai Resistor = 544Ω s/d 816Ω
3. 12 x 102 = 1200 Ω
Nilai Toleransi ± 5% : 1200Ω x 5% = 60 Ω
Nilai Resistor = 1140Ω s/d 1260Ω
4. 47 x 103 = 47000Ω
Nilai Toleransi ± 5% : 47000 x 5% = 2350Ω
Nilai Resistor = 44650Ω s/d 49350Ω
5. 10 x 100 =10Ω
Nilai Toleransi ± 5% : 10 x 5% = 0,5Ω
Nilai Resistor = 9,5Ω s/d 10,5Ω
6. 47 x 100 =47Ω
Nilai Toleransi ± 1% : 47 x 1% = 0,47Ω
Nilai Resistor = 46,53Ω s/d 47,47Ω

3.2.2 Voltage Measurements are carried out on 3 series resistors where we have done 3
different series of experiments
Tabel 3.9 Score Vr1 dan Vr2 from each series

Score String 1 String 2 String 3

Vr1 0,48 V 0V 0V
Vr2 0,8 V 1,05 V 0,95 V

BAB IV
ANALYSIS

4.1 RESISTOR
Practicum regarding the calculation of resistors, praktikan do practicum to calculate the
value of some resistors that have been prepared by the teaching assistant manually and do
resistor calculations using tools. The resistors used in this lab are 6 resistors with different
resistance values. Practicum calculations for resistors obtained manually will be compared
with calculations using tools, if the values are the same then the calculation is correct.
Before conducting the practicum, we first prepare the tools and materials needed in the
practicum. Determining the calculation of the value of resistance at each resistor manually
can be helped using a table of values and tolerances for each color and the tool used to
calculate the resistor value is a multimeter. Resistor is an electronic component that has two
pins and has a resistance value according to the color of the ring on the bar.
Manual calculations should be done in advance to be able to determine the value of
resistance that exists on the resistor used, the value of the manual calculation can be a
reference for setting the multimeter. A multimeter that has been set and calibrated is affixed
to the two resistor pins until the corresponding value is obtained. Calculation results obtained
manually with the experimental results using the tool the results will not be too different.
 BAB V
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1 CONCLUSION
The conclusions we can draw from this practicum are :
1. After doing the practicum, we can finally find out the voltage value of each resistor,
the writing of the resistor value depends on the color coding system and number
codes. As in the resistor which has 5 brown bracelets = 1, red = 2, black = 0, brown =
101, gold = 5% so the resistance value = 1.2 Ω
2. After observing without using tools, we from group IV can find out the value of each
color ring with the help of the color code table.
3. After measuring using an ammeter and voltmeter, we can find out the voltage value of
2 resistors that are mounted on the power supply and voltmeter. The results of
measurements can be seen on the multimeter screen, each resistor has a tolerance
value, so the final result of the voltage value on the resistor may be more or less, more
and less the final value of the resistor depends on the tolerance value of the resistor.

5.2 SUGGESTIONS
When practicum is underway we from group IV have difficulty when reading resistor
voltage values due to one of the resistors not functioning properly. Therefore our advice
before doing the practicum is as follows :
1. Check first with a multimeter, whether all resistors function properly or not, because
if one of the resistors does not function properly, it will result in the final value can
not be known.
2. Prepare all equipment and resistors to do the practicum, make sure all tools are
calibrated and the resistors are functioning properly.
3. Do not hesitate to ask because if we do not understand and remain silent, practicum
becomes useless. And lazy if you have to repeat again in the next semester.
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