DAYALBAGH EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTE

FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE

REJUVENATING ENVIRONS OF KHAZANCHI’S

HAVELI

TANISHA AGARWAL
Roll no. 1700950

14 October 2021

B.Arch. Semester 9
Pre-Thesis Research
Faculty Mentor: Prof. Shradha Arora
CONTENTS
1. ABOUT SITE...............................................................................................................................3
2. DELHI: HISTORICAL BACKGROUND...................................................................................4
3. SHAHJAHANABAD: THE WALLED CITY............................................................................9
3.1 Urban forms and pattern..................................................................................................12
3.2 Landmarks.........................................................................................................................15
3.2.1 The Palace Complex................................................................................................15
3.2.2 Chandni Chowk.........................................................................................................16
3.2.3 Jama Masjid...............................................................................................................17
3.3 Transformations and changes.........................................................................................18
4. MASTER PLAN........................................................................................................................21
5. DEMOGRAPHICS....................................................................................................................22
5.1 Population..........................................................................................................................22
5.2 Income and Occupation...................................................................................................23
5.3 Ownership..........................................................................................................................24
5.3.1 Residential..................................................................................................................24
5.3.2 Commercial................................................................................................................24
5.4 Age of Buildings................................................................................................................25
5.4.1 Residential..................................................................................................................25
5.4.2 Commercial................................................................................................................25
6. LIST OF FIGURES...................................................................................................................26
7. BIBLIOGRAPHY.......................................................................................................................27

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1. ABOUT SITE

Figure 1. District Map of Delhi. (Left)

Figure 2. Map of the Central Delhi District where Chandni Chowk lies. (Right)
(Source: Maps of India)

Dariba Street lies in Chandni Chowk which is located in Central Delhi. Chandni Chowk is a historical
market in front of the Lahori gate of Red Fort. It was made during the reign of Shah Jahan.

Figure 3. Site Plan with Khazanchi ki Haveli marked in red.

(Source: Google Earth)

When we enter Chandni Chowk from the East, the Dariba Street towards the left side of it. A small
gali towards the left of the street known as Gali Khazanchi leads to the Khazanchi’s Haveli.

 Site area: 10 Acres

 Length of the Dariba Street: 335m
 Area of Khazanchi ki Haveli: 465 m2
 Nearest Metro Station: Chandni Chowk and Lal Qila Metro Station within a distance of 1km.

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2. DELHI: HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

Figure 4. A collage showing the social and historical layers of Delhi.

(Source: Redbubble)

The National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT), popularly known as Delhi, is both a city and one of
Northern India's union territories. It covers an area of 1502,58 sq. km and has almost 20 million of
inhabitants.

Delhi, the country's second-largest metropolis, is divided into 11 districts, each with its own set of
neighbourhoods. The original nine districts (Central Delhi, North Delhi, South Delhi, East Delhi, North
East Delhi, South West Delhi, Further Delhi, North West Delhi, and West Delhi) were established in
1997, with two new regions added in 2012. (South East Delhi and Shahdara).

The current Delhi is the consequence of the fusion of several cities created over time. Indeed, the so-
called "Delhi triangle," a 150-square-kilometer area surrounded on the south and west by the Avaralli
hills and on the east by the river Yamuna, has been the centre of convergence of significant trade
routes in Northern India from ancient times. Its strategic location drew multiple dynastic dynasties to
establish their capitals here.

Unfortunately, it is impossible to determine when the name "Delhi" initially appeared. An old tradition
identifies Raja Dhilu or Dillu as the founder of Dhilli or Dilli, more or less at the beginning of the first
millennium A.D., but the most famous theory holds that the first city was founded by the Tomar

4
Rajputs around the middle of the eighth century A.D. and was called Dilli, Dhilli, or Dhillika. [ CITATION

Bla11 \l 16393 ]

Figure 5. Map of Delhi showing the seven cities.

(Source: Medium)

Historians claim that at least eight capital towns have been established in the "Delhi triangle" by
various rulers throughout the last millennium. Evidence of Delhi's eight cities can still be discovered
throughout the city's environment. Today, the last two settlements are easily distinguished:
Shahjahanabad (1639) and New Delhi (1911). Lal Kot (10th Century), Siri (1303), Tughluqabad
(1321), Jahanpanah (1327), Firozabad (1354), and Purana Qila were the first six cities (1533). Some
of the previous communities did not survive until now due to land invasion, a shortage of water,
migrations, epidemics, and poor government, while others still contain some historical ruins.

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Several principles, such as construction methods, design, techniques, architectural components, and
materials, can be used to identify the layers of distinct cities. Each dynasty was employed to bring
diversity to the preceding typologies of plinths, domes, columns, brackets, chhajjas, and so on.

Lal Kot

It is regarded as Delhi's earliest city, having been founded in 1060 A.D. by the Tomar dynasty. It
translates as Red (lal) Fort (kot), and its founder, Anang Pal, chose the desolate and empty hills south
of modern-day New Delhi, a site remote and difficult to reach, to create its walled city.

It is believed that 5-6 thousand people lived in this area, which covers an area of 3,40 square
kilometres. The city was renamed Qila Rai Pithora once the fortifications were extended to the east.
Temples, pillars, and tanks can still be found within the mediaeval fortifications.

Figure 6. Lal Kot with the iron pillar. (Left)

(Source: Webthesis)
Figure 7. View on the water tank at Hauz Khas. (Right)
(Source: India Today)

Siri

Siri, located 4.4 kilometres north of Mehrauli, is considered the second city, having been built in 1303
by Sultan Ala-ud-Din Khilji. It is the earliest city founded by Muslims, with an area of 1.70 square
kilometres. Because its founder chose a circular shape, the high city walls formed an oval, and seven
gates were built along them. The Sultan wanted a large tank, now known as Hauz Khas, to supply
water to Siri.

Except for the remnants of the city walls, no evidence of buildings or structures can be found today.
It's worth noting that the water tank still remains, and it's bordered by the so-called Hauz Khas Village,
an upscale Delhi neighbourhood filled with restaurants, cafés, clubs, and other amenities.

Tughluqabad

Tughluqabad, known as Delhi's third city, was erected in only two years by Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq in
the 1320s. It was built on the rocky south ridge of the "Delhi triangle" and had massive bastions and
walls. There were inner walls that housed the Palace, and outer walls that housed the Citadel, as well
as residential and commercial districts.

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It's worth noting that, due to water scarcity, the city was never completely occupied before being
abandoned five years after its founding.

All of the extant remains have been removed or hidden under vegetation as a result of uncontrolled
growth of the developed area.

Jahanpanah

The fourth city was named Jahanpanah, which means "shelter of the World," because its main goal
was to connect the fortifications of the previous cities and provide security to the populace. It had
thirteen gates that connected Lal Kot, the main urban zone, with Siri, the military region.

Muhammad Tughlaq, Ghiyasuddin's son, founded the city in 1326-27. Today, very little of the ancient
walls and gates remain, while some ruins of the later intervention may still be found, and the area
around it is known as Chirag Delhi.

Figure 8. The city of Jahanpanah. (Left)

(Source: Blogger)
Figure 9. Firoz Shah Kotla. (Right)
(Source: India.com)

Firozabad

Because the Mongol invasion was no longer a threat, the so-called fifth city of Delhi was established
on the banks of the Yamuna river in the mid-14 th century. In 1354, Firoz Shah Tughlaq elected to
relocate his capital from Jahanpanah and create a new city around 13 kilometres north of Qutub
Minar. It was a huge enclosure surrounded by high walls that housed palaces, gardens, mosques,
pillared halls, and baoli, some of which were still in fine shape.

The pyramid supporting the Ashokan Pillar, an 8-meter-high 27-ton shining golden monolith, and the
Jami-Masjid, one of the largest mosques in Tughlaq periods, are two noteworthy structures. The
historic city is currently called as Kotla Firoz Shah and is located around

Purana Qila

Purana Qila is considered Delhi's sixth city and translates as "Old (purana) Fort (qila or kila)."
Humayun, the second Mughal Emperor, began building of the fort on the banks of the Yamuna river in
1533. It is around 10 kilometres from the Qutb Minar and was previously known as Dinapanah, which

7
means "protection of the Faith." The city is built on what is thought to be the site of Indraparastha, the
legendary capital of the Pandavas, heroes of the Mahabharata.

It was built in under ten months, but Sher Shah Suri dismantled it and rebuilt his castle on the same
site. In 1545, Sher Shah finished his palace.

It featured three major gates that were double-storied, made of red sandstone, and topped with
chhatris, dome-shaped pavilions.

Figure 10. Purana Qila Gateway.

(Source: Useum)

When Shahjahanabad was built, the location was abandoned. It was eventually settled by a rural
population, and in the early twentieth century, the Archaeological Survey of India purchased and
began to maintain the region. Its massive walls and colossal gates may still be seen today. There is a
tiny museum, a mosque, a baoli, and other noteworthy features on the inside.

Shahjahanabad

Shahjahanabad is recognised as Delhi's seventh city. In 1639, the Mughal ruler Shah Jahan built the
groundwork for this metropolis.

When it was occupied, a mud wall was built around the periphery, spanning an area of 5,90 sq. km,
and eleven massive portals were created to allow people and commodities to enter the Walled City.

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It was intended to contain palaces, havelis, mosques, bazaars, and lovely gardens. Among all the
new projects, the Lal-Qila (or Red Fort) is the most notable: it is located on the right bank of the river
Yamuna and served as the emperor's palace and temporal seat of authority.

When the British arrived, Shahjahanabad became the "Old City" of Delhi, and attention was diverted
to new settlements farther south-west, it yet maintains a thriving ancient city today. The Red Fort,
Chandni Chowk, and Jama Masjid are still three of Delhi's most notable architectural landmarks.

9
3. SHAHJAHANABAD: THE WALLED CITY

Figure 11. Extract from a map of Old Delhi, 1846.

(Source: The British Library)

Despite being almost three and a half centuries old, Shahjahanabad, which translates as "Metropolis
of Shah Jahan," is still a vibrant city. It was founded between 1639 and 1649 and preserved most of
its important streets and landmarks intact.

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Shah Jahan chose to create his own capital because he wanted to separate himself from all his
predecessors, and the city of Agra did not meet his expectations. Agra, in fact, was not more ideal
due to its terrain features and the resulting erosion of the river banks. On the other hand, it became
overcrowded, with no wide roads, and the main gate was too small to give people access to the city,
particularly during processions and assemblies. As a result, the muhandis (architect-planners) were
tasked with finding a new location in North India.

Soon after, a location in the "Delhi triangle" on the banks of the Yamuna River was chosen. As
previously stated, this region has a long history of serving as the capital of empires. Another element
of this location was its spiritual significance: it was regarded a holy place because it housed the final
resting places of many notable Sufi saints.

Figure 12. The Chandni Chowk from the top of the Lahore Gate of the Fort, the canal depicted running down the
middle.
(Source: The British Library)

Several pre-modern cultures thought cities to be at the centre of the world: it was the location where
the divine sphere spoke with priests and monarchs. [ CITATION Bla11 \l 16393 ]  All of these notions
had an impact on Hindu beliefs as well. Indeed, ancient India's capital towns were regarded sacred
since they were the sites of Brahmin ceremonies, and the king used to reside there.

Throughout the ages, these ideas persisted until the Mughals, and many Hindu architects and
builders working for Shah Jahan were aware of and believed in them. Evidence of rites performed
throughout the construction process demonstrates the concept that capital cities were hallowed
locations. Indeed, the emperor's astrologers determined the day, hour, and second to lay the

11
cornerstone in 1639, as well as the fortunate hours for rituals and celebrations. [ CITATION Bla11 \l

16393 ]

Another important aspect to notice is that Shahjahanabad planning has been influenced by both
Hindu and Islamic traditions. On the one hand, we can see Hindu architecture regulations – known as
vastu shastras – in the construction of the street plan. These ancient treatises served as guides for
building any type of structure and dividing settlements.

One of these books, the Manasara, which dates around 500 A.D., depicts a design of a location
fronting a river with a semi-elliptical shape known as karmuka, or bow. [ CITATION Bla11 \l 16393 ]
This drawing most likely influenced Shah Jahan's architects. Some Islamic concepts, on the other
hand, arrived to India via Iran via the Persian arts, such as painting, music, dance, and poetry, due to
the former Mughal emperors.

It asserts that, just as the universe and humans were defined, so was the city. "Man lives best, it was
assumed, in a physical environment corresponding to him," wrote Stephen P. Blake. It means that the
city plan was designed to resemble the human body. The Emperor residence, the Red Fort – as the
head – was the starting point of Chandni Chowk, the main bazaar – the backbone. Then the main
mosque, known as Jama Masjid – the heart – became the focal point of the city, stretching all the way
to the city gates. Smaller streets – the ribs – linked all the structures – the critical organs – such as
schools, shops, teahouses, bakeries, sarais, and so on. To effectively secure the city, walls – the skin
– were created. [ CITATION Bla11 \l 16393 ]

Figure 13. The Walled City of Shahjahanabad alongside the river Yamuna with the Palace Complex, Jama
Masjid, and Chandni Chowk in aerial view.
(Source: WordPress)

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Aside from the eight wide city entries, the Walled City represents the cosmos, and the gates are the
four cardinal directions plus four gates of heaven. [ CITATION Bla11 \l 16393 ] The varied influence we
can see in the plan reflects the city's personality.

3.1 Urban forms and pattern

Shahjahanabad was not built on fully free land, and certain neighbourhoods existed prior to Shah
Jahan. As a result, it absorbed some of the previous structures and road alignments, and the
population size was not previously estimated. It implies that the Walled City could grow naturally. It is
estimated that it accommodated approximately a population of 60,000 at the time of Aurangzeb –
Shah Jahan’s successor.

As
the

Figure 14. Shahjahanabad's Built relation with the streets.

(Source: GIANLUCA)
13
"spines" of important activity, largely commercial, five main arterials were built connecting various
gates and spanning diverse regions of the Walled City. The smaller and less important roadways were
built primarily to provide access to residential neighbourhoods.

Most of these roads were narrow and less congested in order to ensure privacy and security. This
network enabled the establishment of social regions known as mohallas (neighbourhoods) and katras
(commercial enclaves), in which numerous cultural and socioeconomic activities could take place. It is
crucial to note that this street system was created for a pedestrian city, with animal-driven vehicles. As
we can see today, the major arterials specialised in different types of commercial operations, giving
each district a particular character.

Figure 15. The Narrow streets with residential buildings on either side to ensure privacy and also to keep the
path shaded and cool during the hot summer months.
(Source: Author)

Except for the straight Chandni Chowk, all of the streets twist and bend, presenting a sequence of
amazing sights and sensations. A Chowk was formed by the intersection or crossing of two streets.
We may say that streets were employed as a movement corridor as well as an extension of activity
places.

For example, the lotus and kalash, two key spiritual components for Hindus, were incorporated into
Muslim mosques and tombs, while Hindu and Jain temples in Shahjahanabad began to adopt Mughal
cusped-arch and domes. As a result, the architecture of the Walled City cannot be labelled Hindu or
Muslim, but rather a synthesis of the two, commonly referred to as "Indo-Islamic."

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Figure 16. Digambar Jain Lal Temple in red while the Hindu Temple is in white on the street of Chandni Chowk.
(Source: Mint)

With the growth of Shahjahanabad, based on socio-political factors rather than imperial will, there was
a propensity for many communities to live in the same neighbourhood. Many artisans, for example,
like to live and work in close proximity to others in their field.

Today, various labels given to these social sectors help to recognise them in urban reality. Some of
these mohallas get their names from certain katras or kuchas (lanes), such as Churiwalan, which
means "bangle manufacturers," or Chipiwara, which means "fabric printers."

Dariba, where Jain merchants lived, was one of the neighbourhoods that preserved its occupational
structure due to an imperial choice: The Jain community has long been prominent because they were
the financiers of empires for aeons. To keep them close to him, Shah Jahn chose to build the main
Jain temple in front of his palace when establishing his new capital. It is presently known as the
Digambar Jain Lal Mandir.

It is vital to note that mohallas are not strictly defined, and there are no physical boundaries that
separate them. Indeed, after examining numerous historical and present maps, it discovered that they
depicted varied forms of delineated mohallas. In Zafar Hasan's list, for example, the number of
recognised mohallas is 44.

Various research, according to historian Swapna Liddle, identify a total of 26, 19, 16, and 9 mohallas.
The disparity in numbers is due to the various criteria used to divide the Walled City, which range from
occupational sectors to ethnic identities, or on the basis of streets and significant sites.

So, if we analyse the backdrop of Shahjahanabad in the middle of the nineteenth century, we can
claim that the meaning of "mohalla" should be viewed as signifying neighbourhood in a very broad
sense.

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The Delhi Development Authority created a Zonal Development Plan for the city of Delhi in 1999,
which was the most current official plan. This plan recognises administrative boundaries, known as
"subzones," rather than mohallas. There are 15 sub-zones of Zone A and one sub-zone of Zone C in
the Walled City in particular.

3.2 Landmarks

3.2.1 The Palace Complex

The Red Fort (or Lal Qila) is positioned at the crossroads of the Walled City's principal axes, which
run north-south and east-west. It was originally intended on the banks of the Yamuna, but the river is
now 300 metres away.

Figure 17. View of the Red Fort from Chandni Chowk.

(Source: Author)

With its twenty-one bastions and four gates: Lahori Gate, Delhi Gate, Salimgarh Gate, and Khizr
Gate, the Fort has an irregular octagonal shape and covers an area of 0.50 sq. km. Walls range in
height from 18 to 22 metres and width from 9 to 14 metres. They are distinguished by the use of red
sandstone. Several palaces and structures were built within the walls, including the Moti Majid (Pearl
Mosque), the Diwan-i-am, the main auditorium for public audiences, and the Chatta Chowk, the main
public market, and various pavilions.

16
Since 2007, it has been designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, however now we can only
view about 20% of the original Red Fort Complex due to the British alteration that turned it into an
army camp.

3.2.2 Chandni Chowk

The most well-known Chowk in the city is Chandni Chowk, which is one of the city's main commercial
streets, along with Faiz Bazar.

Figure 18. An aerial view of Chandni Chowk, when there was the central water canal in the centre of the street
(Chandnee Chauk, principale rue de Delhi, from L’Illustration, 1867)

Chandni Chowk was intended to be a broad promenade with a waterway flowing through the centre. It
goes west from the Red Fort to the Fatehpuri Majid, 1.5 kilometres away, before continuing for 500
metres along the north side of the mosque. The street has traditionally been lined on both sides by
stores selling a wide range of things, from kitchen utensils to electronics, books to clothing, and so on.

Many iconic buildings, mostly religious and institutional, built from the mid-17 th century to the early 20th
century can still be found here, such as the Digambar Jain Lal Mandir, mentioned above, the
Gurudwara Sis Ganj, a religious place for Sikh people, the State Bank of India, realised in the early
20th century, and the Central Baptist Church, built in 1858, one of Delhi's earliest churches.

17
Figure 19. Landmarks inside Chandni Chowk.
(Source: Google Earth)

The street gets its name from the main square, formerly known as Chandni Chowk, where the Town
Hall was built in 1864 and served as the seat of the Municipal Corporation of Delhi during British
control until 2009, when offices were relocated to Central Delhi. Today, it is an empty structure that is
still looking for a new purpose.

3.2.3 Jama Masjid

It was built on a hill south-west of the Red Fort in the 1650s to provide access to the Walled City. The
visual supremacy of the Jama Masjid transcended time, and no building in Shahjahanabad, even
succeeding religious structures, ever challenged the mosque in scale or height.

Figure 20. Jama Masjid.

(Source: Pinterest)

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It is the city's most important mosque, with three entrances facing north, east, and south that are
reached through a flight of steps. The mosque's façade is a beautiful eleven-arched front, with red
sandstone arches supported by white marble columns. Two minarets in red sandstone and white
marble rise on either side of the façade. The sehan (the mosque's main courtyard) features a big
marble tank in the centre for ablutions, known as the hauz.

Because it was the gate through which the emperor entered the mosque, the eastern gate of the
Jama Masjid is more ornamented than the others.

In addition to being an important site of worship, Jama Masjid is a significant physical, cultural,
culinary, and commercial monument. Indeed, it is situated at a crossroads of significant streets, and
around the mosque there are stores, marketplaces, hotels, and visitor services such as parking. It is
still India's largest mosque, with a capacity of 25.000 people.

3.3 Transformations and changes

Morphology alterations began in 1857, when the British Raj dismantled some buildings within the Red
Fort Complex, as well as vast residential areas and some peripheral walls, and brought the railway,
which increased the number of industries and commercial trades.

Figure 21. Renovated Streets of Chandni Chowk.

(Source: Author)

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The introduction of the railway system can be seen as one of the causes of the population expansion
that began in the middle of the nineteenth century. When the British arrived, Shahjahanabad, then
known as Old Delhi, underwent a significant transformation from residential to commercial sectors
within the confines of the Walled City.

As a result, courtyards of havelis began to be used as storage spaces, or were covered or completely
changed. Soon after, commercial establishments expanded their operations on the street frontages,
with their merchandise and advertisements, frequently without regard for the overhead delicate
architectural components, such as brackets or arches.

Figure 22. Haveli in a dilapidated state.

(Source: Author)

Many residents chose to leave Old Delhi since many buildings were deteriorating and the tranquil
ambience of some mohallas had entirely changed.

Current cheap rents are undoubtedly a factor in many owners' decision to renovate their property. As
a result, the range of maintenance is relatively limited, and building or portion of building collapse is
quite common.

The consequences of this major disruption affect both transportation and the street grid. Indeed, as
previously said, the urban road system was designed with pedestrians in mind.

Nowadays, the same network is utilised by both slow and fast vehicles, such as walkers and bicycles,
as well as scooters, motorbikes, rickshaws, cars, and buses.

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Figure 23. Narrow streets used by both pedestrians, two-wheelers and rickshaws.
(Source: Author)

Congestion, parking, and traffic were pressing issues in Old Delhi as people went about their
everyday lives. It's worth noting, for example, that Chandni Chowk, the main business street, has no
parking for delivery or loading. Although after the renovation it is made fully pedestrian from 9am to
9pm.

Furthermore, noise pollution has increased dramatically, particularly in the tiny alleys used by
scooters and motorbikes.

Another element of change regards the demography of the Walled City. At the time of Shah Jahan
there were 250-3,00,000 persons, within the walls and 36 mohallas. In the nearby suburbs soldiers,
merchants, servants were used to live. They were about 100-1,50,000 persons. [ CITATION Bla11 \l

16393 ]

It affected the least amount, roughly 1,00,000, due to migration and famines in the second part of the
nineteenth century. In 1961, the population peaked at around 4,00,000 people. The population of
Shahjahanabad was predicted to be 1,58,000 people in the 2011 census.

“The conflicts and contradictions created need to be resolved urgently, otherwise the situation may
reach a crisis point and pass beyond redemption”. [ CITATION Bla11 \l 16393 ]

21
4. MASTER PLAN

Figure 24. Land Use for Delhi 2041.

(Source: DDA)

Chandni Chowk is shown in mixed land use with a part of heritage value, commercial on either side of
the street and mostly residential. It consists vast amount of heritage which can be preserved, restored
or adaptively reused. As mentioned in the handbook of the MPD that adaptive reuse will be promoted
for preventing degradation and loss of historic assets and fabric. [ CITATION DDA21 \l 16393 ]

The Walled city of Shahjahanabad is identified as a heritage zone which also includes Chandni
Chowk.

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5. DEMOGRAPHICS

5.1 Population

The total population of Chandni Chowk is 193402 with the density of 34543 people per km². The total
male population is 103751 with the female being 89651.

Figure 25. Table showing the male and female in different age groups.
(Source: geoiq.io)

 Number of family members per household is quite in the amount of living space available with
family of 8-10 living in a single room or more.
 Total plot size ranges between 800-2000 sq. ft., however smaller sizes are also there.
 Total built-up area per household ranging between 1400-6000 sq. ft. out of which; residential
is 700-4000 sq. ft., commercial (on rent) is 700-2000 sq. ft.
 Total plot size (built up area) per shop ranges usually between 100-250 sq. ft.; however
smaller sizes are more common.

23
5.2 Income and Occupation

Figure 26. Table for Annual Family Income.

Most of the people belong to the LIG class with an income that is less than 1 lac per annum.

Figure 27. Table for Annual Turnover.

Major commercial categories are:

 Apparel
 Jewellery
 Brass statues
 Offices
 Industries
 Restaurants
 Home goods
 Auto repair
 Hardware store
 Pharmacy
 Electronics store

24
5.3 Ownership

5.3.1 Residential

RESIDENTIAL

OWNED RENTED

Figure 28. Chart showing relationship between owned and rented residential spaces.

Most of the buildings are used by the owners themselves.

5.3.2 Commercial

COMMERCIAL

OWNED RENTED

Figure 29. Chart showing relationship between owned and rented commercial spaces.

Most of the commercial space is rented by the owners to the shopkeepers.

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5.4 Age of Buildings

5.4.1 Residential

RESIDENTIAL

Less than 10 years 10-30 years 30-50 years More than 50 years

Figure 30. Chart showing different age of residential buildings.

Majority of the buildings around the site are more than a 100 years old making them a part of our
heritage with few renovations made to them. Also some are in a very dilapidated state, almost on the
verge of collapsing.

5.4.2 Commercial

COMMERCIAL

Less than 10 years 10-30 years 30-50 years More than 50 years

Figure 31. Chart showing different age of commercial buildings.

26
6. LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. District Map of Delhi. (Left)..................................................................................................... 3

Figure 2. Map of the Central Delhi District where Chandni Chowk lies. (Right).....................................3
Figure 3. Site Plan with Khazanchi ki Haveli marked in red...................................................................3
Figure 4. A collage showing the social and historical layers of Delhi.....................................................4
Figure 5. Map of Delhi showing the seven cities....................................................................................5
Figure 6. Lal Kot with the iron pillar. (Left)............................................................................................. 6
Figure 7. View on the water tank at Hauz Khas. (Right)........................................................................6
Figure 8. The city of Jahanpanah. (Left)................................................................................................ 7
Figure 9. Firoz Shah Kotla. (Right)........................................................................................................ 7
Figure 10. Purana Qila Gateway............................................................................................................ 8
Figure 11. Extract from a map of Old Delhi, 1846..................................................................................9
Figure 12. The Chandni Chowk from the top of the Lahore Gate of the Fort, the canal depicted
running down the middle...................................................................................................................... 10
Figure 13. The Walled City of Shahjahanabad alongside the river Yamuna with the Palace Complex,
Jama Masjid, and Chandni Chowk in aerial view.................................................................................11
Figure 14. Shahjahanabad's Built relation with the streets..................................................................12
Figure 15. The Narrow streets with residential buildings on either side to ensure privacy and also to
keep the path shaded and cool during the hot summer months..........................................................13
Figure 16. Digambar Jain Lal Temple in red while the Hindu Temple is in white on the street of
Chandni Chowk................................................................................................................................... 14
Figure 17. View of the Red Fort from Chandni Chowk.........................................................................15
Figure 18. An aerial view of Chandni Chowk, when there was the central water canal in the centre of
the street (Chandnee Chauk, principale rue de Delhi, from L’Illustration, 1867)..................................16
Figure 19. Landmarks inside Chandni Chowk.....................................................................................17
Figure 20. Jama Masjid....................................................................................................................... 17
Figure 21. Renovated Streets of Chandni Chowk................................................................................18
Figure 22. Haveli in a dilapidated state................................................................................................ 19
Figure 23. Narrow streets used by both pedestrians, two-wheelers and rickshaws.............................20
Figure 24. Land Use for Delhi 2041..................................................................................................... 21
Figure 25. Table showing the male and female in different age groups...............................................22
Figure 26. Table for Annual Family Income......................................................................................... 23
Figure 27. Table for Annual Turnover.................................................................................................. 23
Figure 28. Chart showing relationship between owned and rented residential spaces........................24
Figure 29. Chart showing relationship between owned and rented commercial spaces......................24
Figure 30. Chart showing different age of residential buildings............................................................25
Figure 31. Chart showing different age of commercial buildings..........................................................25

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7. BIBLIOGRAPHY

Blake, Stephen P. Shahjahanabad: The Sovereign City in Mughal India 1639–1739. Cambridge
University Press, 2011.

CPWD. Handbook of Conservation of Heritage Buildings. 2013.

D’AGOSTINO, GIANLUCA. “OLD DELHI AND ITS ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE: ADAPTIVE

REUSE OF HAVELIS IN SHAHJAHANABAD.” 2018. 2021.
<https://webthesis.biblio.polito.it/10717/1/tesi.pdf>.

DDA. Master Plan Delhi 2041. Delhi: DDA, 2021.

DDA. Walled City Shahjahanabad Planning issues and policy frame. 1984.

Koch, Ebba. Mughal Art and Imperial Ideology. Oxford, 2001.

Liddle, Swapna. Chandni Chowk: The Mughal City of Old Delhi. Speaking Tiger, 2017.

Tipnis, Aishwarya. Vernacular Traditions: Contemporary Architecture. The Energy and Resources
Institute (TERI), 2012.

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