ASSIGNMENT

Dental Materials

Submitted To: Dr. Muhammad Awais Farooq, HOD Dental Materials

Topics:

1. Classification of Denture Base Materials

2. Ideal Properties of Denture Base Polymers
3. Classification of Acrylic Resin Based on Activation
4. Composition of Denture Base Materials
5. Types of Separating Media Used in Dentistry
6. Composition of Alginate Solution as Separating Media
7. Stages of Heat Cured Acrylic Resin During
Polymerization
8. Uses of Acrylic Resin
9. Advantages and Disadvantages of Acrylic Resin

Submitted By: Zainab Ahsan

Roll No. 09

BDS, First Year

Session: 2020

Due Date: 27th March, 2020

Classifications of Denture Base Materials:

Classification
of Denture
Base Materials

1. Classification 2.Classification
on the Basis of on the Basis of
Materials Durability
 1.Classification on the Basis
of MAterials

a.Metallic Materials: b.Non-Metallic Materials:

Gold and its Alloys, Cobalt Shellac, Acrylic
Chromium Alloys, Resin,Baseplate Wax, Vinyl
Aluminum Resin

Types Of Resins:
Acrylic Resin, Vinyl Resin,
Polycarboxylates,
Polyurethane, Cyanoacrylate,
Polystyrene

2. Classificationon the
Basis of Durability

a.Temporary Denture Base Materials: b. Permenant Denture Base

Self Cured Acrylic Materials:
Shellac Base Plate
Heat Cure Resin
Baseplate Wax
Injection Molded Resin
Light Cured Resin
Metallic Base Poured Typed
Ideal Properties of Denture Base Polymers:
1) Physiologic Compatibility: Non-Toxic, Non-Carcinogenic, Non-Allergenic.
2) Color Stable
3) Tasteless
4) Odorless
5) Light Weight
6) Good Esthetics
7) Functionally Useful I.e. have the same function as natural tissues.
8) Sterilizable
9) Non-Porous to Microorganisms
10) Low Surface Tension
11) Easily Cleaned
12) Minimal Internal Strain
13) Not Brittle
14) Dimensionally Stable
15) Not Crazing
16) Not Flammable
17) Easily Adjustable
18) Easily Polishable
19) Easily Cleanable
20) Easily Relined
Classification of Acrylic Resin on the Basis Activation:
Class 1: Heat
Processed-
Liquid+Powder
Type 1
Class 2: Heat
Processed-Plastic
Cake

Type 2 Autopolymerized

Classification of
Acrylic Resins on the
Thermoplastic
Basis of Activation Type 3
Powder

Light Activated
Type 4
amterial

Microwave Cured
Type 5
Material

Composition of Acrylic Base Denture Materials:

Powder: Polymethylmethacrylate + Benzyl Peroxide (initiator) + Pigments (such as organic dyes, salts of
cadmium, iron, etc.)

Liquid: Methyl methacrylate(monomer) + Ethylene glycol dimethyl acrylate (cross linking agent) +
Hydroquinone (inhibitor) + N-N-Dimethyl p-toluidine

Types of Separating Media Used in Dentistry:

Definition:

Separating media are those substances which are used to separate two surfaces from each other.

Separating media help to separate

A.            Plaster surface to acrylic surface

B.            Plaster surface to plaster surface

C.           Plaster surface to metal surface

D.           Plaster surface to impression material surface

Classification
1. Oily and greasy substances

a) Vaseline

b) Liquid paraffin

c) Grease in crude form

d)Mineral and vegetable oil

These substances when applied, absorbs onto the plaster surface and thus aids in separation

Disadvantage

§ They weaken the plaster surface

§ Cannot be uniformly and evenly applied on the plaster surface

§ Details of impression cannot be copied precisely due to loss of surface details

Uses

Used when great accuracy is not required e.g.

— Flasking of denture

— Articulating the model

— Separation of model from base during repair works

2. Solution separating media

a) Spirituous solution of sandarac and shellac

b) Acetone solution celluloid’s

c) Volatile solution of different waxes (e.g. Paraffin wax)

d)6% solution of sodium silicate

e) Solution of sodium alginate (cold mould seal or alginate mould seal)

3. semi- solid separating media:

a) Soap solution

b) Dilute water glass solution

These substances cause physical effect and chemically combine with the surface layer of the plaster and
somewhat alter the surface

There is little or no dimensional change if these substances are applied on the plaster surface

Mechanism of action
Soap solution is readily absorbed into the plaster surface

Oleates in the soaps are broken down into hydroxide and free oils

When absorbed, oils act as separating media

Disadvantage

Weakens the plaster

For this reason, soap solutions are most commonly used for making models from impression plaster

Solid separating media:

The substance which have no chemical and physical action on plaster surface

a) Tin foil

b) Wet cellophane paper

Tin foil

•     Tin foil is used in 0.001mm thickness

•     It is adapted and thoroughly burnished on the plaster surface

•     Care should be taken so that it does not fold up or wrinkle

•     Used basically during packing of base material (acrylic resin) to prevent the liquid (monomer) from
getting absorbed in plaster

•     Tin foil reduces water absorption of acrylic denture base materials during curing

Cellophane paper

•     Should be thoroughly wet in water before spreading it over and adapting on the surface of plaster

Vaseline

It is one of the oily and greasy substances which is commonly used in dentistry for different purposes.

•     To separate tissue surface to impression material surface during impression taking

•     To separate the plaster to plaster surface during flasking and articulating the model

•     To separate plaster surface to acrylic surface during packing

•     To separate acrylic resin from tooth and tissue surfaces

Solution separating media

Preparation

1 ounce of finely powered borax

1 ounce of distilled water

1 ounce of separation solution like sandarac and shellac with some coloring agent (aniline dye)

Spirituous solution of sandarac and shellac are dissolved in equal parts of distilled water and forms a
saturated solution. Coloring agents are added to distinguish from white plaster surface

6% solution of sodium silicate

This separating media is only effective on hot plaster surface

Hence known as separating media of hot surfaces

If applied on cold surfaces it will

•     Add up and form lumps on surfaces

•     Sticky to the cold surfaces

They have to be applied in two layers

Composition of Alginate Solution As separating Media:

Sodium alginate/ Cold mould seal
The most commonly used separating media

Composition

1. Na- alginate – 2% by weight

2. Distilled water – 86%

3. Coloring agent (pinkish)

4.Disodium Phosphate – 7%

5. alcohol – 7%

6.Glycerine – 4%

Uses

1. Separate plaster surface to acrylic surface

2. Separate plaster surface from metal surface

3. Separating model (plaster) from soluble plaster (impression plaster)

Na-alginate+CaSO4                 Ca-alginate + Na2SO4        

 When sodium alginate is applied on the plaster surface the sodium salt come in contact with the
CaSO4 of plaster[(CaSO4).2H2O] forming Ca- alginate, which is precipitates on the plaster
surface into thin impermeable layer and separate the two surfaces
Application

 This is applied in 2 coatings.

 The first coating is applied and allowed to dry.
 The second coating is applied on the first coating.
 Application is done by camel hairbrush or cotton.
 Applied in only one direction.

Disadvantage

 If used in hot surface it will heat up.

 They do not lump up on the cold plaster surface that’s why they are called cold mould seal.

Stages of Heat Cured Acrylic Resin During Polymerization:

1. Sandy Stage
2. Sticky Stage
3. Dough Stage/Packing Stage
 4. Rubbery Stage
5. Stiff Stage

Uses of Acrylic Resin:

Advantages and Disadvantages of Acrylic Resin: