Unit of Competency: Prepare Surface for final coating

Module Title: Preparing Surface for final coating

Module No.: 3

i
Program/Course: FURNITURE MAKING NC II

Unit of PREPARE SURFACE FOR FINAL COATING

Competency:

Module Title: Preparing Surface for Final Coating

INTRODUCTION:

This module contains information and suggested learning activities

on preparing surface for final coating. It includes information on the
materials used in finishing furniture products, instructions and
procedure on how to prepare surface for final coating and types of
polishing materials.

Completion of this module will help you understand the succeeding

module on Applying Final Coating Using Spray Gun System.

This module consists of three (3) learning outcomes. Each learning

outcome contains learning activities with instruction sheets. Before you
follow the instruction, read the information sheets and answer the self-
check and activities provided to assess your competence by your teacher.
He/she will check if you have acquired the knowledge necessary to
perform the skill portion of the particular learning outcome.

Upon completing this module, report to your teacher for assessment.

If you pass the assessment, you will be given a certificate of completion.

SUMMARY OF LEARNING OUTCOMES

Upon completion of the module, you should be able to:

LO1. Prepare materials, tools and equipment.

LO2. Prepare surface finishing.
LO3. Perform good housekeeping.

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA

Refer to assessment criteria of learning outcomes 1-3 of this module.

PREREQUISITES

None

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 TECHNICAL TERMS

Filler is a paste or liquid form used to fill the pores in

open-grain wood before applying finishing
touches.

Lacquer is a fast-drying liquid which comes from

combining nitro cellulose and resins.

Paste Filler is a thick wood filler made from ground silicon

and linseed oil.

Sanding is an abrasive process that is used to level a

surface prior to the application of coatings or
subsequent coat.

Sealer is a coating that functions as a barrier between

two incompatible substances.

Shellac is a resinous substance produced from the

secretions of lac bug and is used as a wood
finish

Silicon Carbide is an abrasive crystal that is shiny and black,

very hard and brittle.

Varnish is a liquid finishing material which when

applied to wooden products, will leave a shiny
finish and enhance the color of the wood.

Water Stain is a water soluble or latex stain produced by

dissolving powdered dye in hot water.

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Program/Course FURNITURE MAKING NC II
Unit of PREPARE SURFACE FOR FINAL COATING
Competency
Module Preparing Surface for Final Coating

Learning Outcome 1 : Prepare materials, tools and equipment.

Assessment Criteria:

1. Occupational Safety and Health Requirements are complied

with.
2. Personal protective equipment are selected and used following
the occupational health and safety requirements.
3. Work instructions is secured from authorized personnel
following shop rules and regulations.
4. Materials, tools and equipment are prepared following job
specification and manufacturer’s recommendation.

References:

1. Zimmerman, Fred W. Cabinet Making and Millwork. Second

Edition.
2. Quilang, Thomas M. 1975. Handicrafts Handbook.

LEARNING EXPERIENCES/ACTIVITIES

Learning Outcome 1: Prepare materials, tools and equipment.

Learning Activities Special Instructions

1. Read the Information Sheet
1.1 on occupational safety
and health administration.
2. Answer Self-Check 1.1 Check your answers with
3. Read the Information Sheet the provided answer key
1.2 on selecting abrasives
and finishing materials for If you believe you have
top coat. completely understood the
4. Answer Self- Check 1.2 activities, you may now
5. Read the Information Sheet proceed to the succeeding
1.3 on personal protective learning outcome.
equipment requirements.
6. Answer Self-Check 1.3

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 INFORMATION SHEET 1.1

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION

1. Survey the workplace to identify hazard.

2. Determine whether any hazard requires personal protective

equipment (PPE).

3. Pay special attention to working conditions or processes that can

produce the following hazards:
falling objects
objects that could puncture the skin
objects that could roll over workers’ feet
toxic chemicals
heat
dust
radiation

4. Re-check the workplace especially when new equipment was

installed to avoid accidents.

5. Falling objects should be placed in a secured area.

6. Always pay attention to what you are doing.

7. Toxic chemicals and combustible materials should always be

closed and stored properly.

8. Use personal protective equipment in the shop.

9. Wear mask to avoid inhaling of dust.

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 SELF-CHECK 1.1

Directions: Fill in the blank with the correct word/words to complete

the statement below. Write your answers in a separate
sheet.

1. Falling should be placed in a secured area.

2. Always pay when working.
3. Toxic should always be closed and stored
properly.
4. Use a personal equipment in the shop.
5. a mask to avoid inhaling of dust.

INFORMATION SHEET 1.2

SELECTING ABRASIVES

Sanding is done with the use of coated abrasives (commonly called

“sand paper” or abrasive paper). The size and the kind of abrasive paper
are the things to be considered when picking the right abrasive.

ABRASIVE / SANDPAPER GRADING CHART

CLASSIFICATION AND USES ARTIFICIAL NATURAL

SILICON CARBIDE CARBIDE
EXTRA COARSE
(sanding coarse wood texture) 12
16 16 (4)
20 20 (3 ½)
VERY COARSE
(Second stage in sanding wood 24 24 (3)
texture) 30 30 (2 ½)
36 36 (2)
COARSE
(Third stage in sanding wood 40 40 (1 ½)
texture) 50 50 (1)
(Coarse)
MEDIUM
(Removing rough sanding 60 60 (½)
texture) 80 80 (0)
100 100 (2/0)
FINE
(First stage in sanding before 120 120 (3/0) ;
applying finish) 150 150 (4/0) ;
180 180 (5/0)

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VERY FINE
(Second stage in sanding 220 220 (6/0)
before applying finish) 240 240 (7/0)
280 280 (8/0)
EXTRA FINE
(Rubbing between finish coats) 320 320 (9/0)
360
400 400 (10/0)
500
600

Finishing materials for top coat

Turpentine
Lacquer thinner
Synthetic tinting agent
Thinner sealer
Paint
Clear gloss lacquer
Polyurethane
Spar varnish

SELF-CHECK 1.2

Directions: Enumerate materials that are used in applying surface for

final coating.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.
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 INFORMATION SHEET 1. 3

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS

1. Always wear protective clothes when stripping or applying finishes.

2. Select a comfortable pair of rubber gloves to avoid skin irritations and

discomfort in handling toxic chemicals.

3. Filter mask is strongly recommended especially when spraying

surfaces with paint or other finishes. Inhaling these fumes can make
a person ill.

SELF-CHECK 1.3

Directions: Write the word True if the statement is correct and False if
it is wrong.

1. Always wear protective cloth when stripping or aplying

finishes.

2. Safety glasses and goggles are used to protect the face.

3. Selecting a comfortable rubber gloves will eliminate

skin irritation and discomfort.

4. Filter mask is strongly reccommended especially when

spraying surface with paint or other finishes.

5. Personal protective equipment is one of the

requirements when applying finishes.

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Program/Course FURNITURE MAKING NC II
Unit of Competency PREPARE SURFACE FOR FINAL COATING

Module Title Preparing Surface for Final Coating

Learning Outcome 2 : Prepare surface for finishing

Assessment Criteria:

1. Surface preparation procedure is performed following job

requirement.
2. Furniture/Items with finished surface are stored following the
standard practices.

References:

1. Amano, G. T. Fundamentals of Furniture and Cabinet Making

Practical Art Series.

2. Quilang, Thomas M. 1975. Handicrafts Handbook.

3. Zimmerman, Fred W. General Woodworking. Sixth Edition.

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 LEARNING EXPERIENCES/ACTIVITIES

Learning Outcome 2.: Prepare surface for finishing.

Learning Activities Special Instructions

1. Read the Information Sheet 2.1 Information Sheet 2.1

on the steps in preparing surface
for finishing

2. Answer Self-Check 2.1 Self-check 2.1

3. Let your teacher check your

work.

NFORMATION SHEET 2.1

STEPS IN PREPARING THE WOOD SURFACE FOR FINISHING

1. Examine the surface for defects.

2. Remedy the defects found on the surface to be finished.
3. Get a #120 sandpaper. Divide it into four. Tearing the sand paper
may be done on the edge of a workbench with the coated side up.
4. Get the sanding block. Put it over one of the quarter sheet, fold
ends of the sand paper upward against the side of the sanding
block.
5. Start sanding along the grain moving the sanding block back and
forth. Apply a little pressure in the sanding block while sanding.
6. Finish sanding with a fine grade of sand paper #300. Wrap the
sanding block as done in step no. 4.
7. Dust off the surface. Inspect it for grain raised fibers. Sand more if
necessary.

A. Staining

Oil stain is easy to apply. It is available in many colors and

makes an excellent finish. Generally, it will not raise the grain of the
wood. Stain wood in one application. It is simply wiped on with cloth.

To apply oil stain;

1. Decide what color stain you want.
2. Pour some stain into cup or other container
3. To test the color, brush or wipe the stain on a scrap piece of
wood you will be staining. If the color is too dark, lighten it
by adding synthetic thinner.
4. Put a coat of linseed oil on all exposed end grain. Soak up
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 more stain. As a result, it will become darker than the rest of
the wood.

B. Sealing

Apply lacquer sealer or sanding sealer on the project before

putting on the first coat of lacquer. This seals the wood as shellac as
varnish does.

1. Using fine sand paper, sand the wood smoothly.

2. Mix the sealer with an equal amount of lacquer thinner. Stir
the mixture.
3. Fill sealer on the wood surface.
4. Apply a full, even coat of the sealer with brush, roller or
spray gun.
5. Let it dry for at least 2 hours.
6. Sand lightly with # 400 of sand paper. Sand with the grain of
the wood surface.
7. Apply a second coat of sanding sealer if desired. Two coats
are generally enough for a sealing.

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 SELF-CHECK 2.1

Directions: Use the checklist below to assess your performance in

preparing surface for finishing

Not
Preparing Surface for Finishing Performed
Performed
1. Examined surface defects.
2. Corrected the defect/s found in the
surface.
3. Torn sand paper correctly.
4. Used sanding block correctly.
5. Started the machine and made a trial
cut.
6. Sanded surface for final sanding.
7. Dusted off the surface.

Scoring Rubric

Steps Performed:

7 – Excellent
6 – Very Satisfactory
5 – Satisfactory
4 and below - Poor

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 TEACHER’S CHECKLIST

Not
Preparing Surface for Finishing Performed
Performed
1. Examined surface defects.
2. Corrected the defect/s found in the
surface.
3. Torn sand paper correctly.
4. Used sanding block correctly.
5. Started the machine and made a trial
cut.
6. Sanded surface for final sanding.
7. Dusted off the surface.

Scoring Rubric

Steps Performed:

7 – Excellent
6 – Very Satisfactory
5 – Satisfactory
4 and below - Poor

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Program/Course: FURNITURE MAKING NC II

Unit of Competency: PREPARE SURFACE FOR FINAL COATING

Module Title: Preparing Surface for Final Coating

Learning Outcome 3: Perform good housekeeping

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA

1. Work area is cleaned following shop rules and practices.

2. Put away procedure is performed according to shop rules.
3. Completion report is prepared and submitted to authorized
personnel following shop rules and practices.

LEARNING EXPERIENCES/ACTIVITIES

Learning Outcome 3: Perform good housekeeping

Learning Activities Special Instructions

1. Read the Information Sheet

3.1 on 5’s

2. Answer self check 3.1 Compare your answer sheet to

answer key 3.1
3. Read the Information Sheet
3.2 on Practice of good
housekeeping

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 INFORMATION SHEET 3.1

What is 5’s?

It is a systematized approach to organize work areas, keep rule

standards and maintain discipline needed to do a good job.
It utilizes workplace organization and work simplification
techniques to make work easier, faster, cheaper, safer and more
effective.

SEIRI (Sort)

Sort out unnecessary items and dispose them properly.

Make work easy by eliminating obstacles.
Provide no chance of being disturbed with unnecessary
items.
Eliminate unnecessary items.
Prevent accumulation of unnecessary items.

SEITON (Systematize)

Arrange necessary items in good order so that they can be easily

picked-up for use.
Classify necessary items into frequency of handling.
Locate jigs and tools that are used very often near to the
point of use.
Locate material at the defined positions to ensure “First-
in, First-Out”, as well as to make work easy.
Store dies and molds together with the specific tools
necessary for their set-up.
Clearly label machinery, equipment, parts, jigs, tools and
their locations so that everything is visible to everyone at a
glance.

SEISO (Sweep)

Clean your workplace completely so that there is no dust on

floor, machinery and equipment.
Make workplace clean, safe and comfortable.
Make easy to produce quality products.
Check whether machinery and equipment are in good
condition or not..
Assign responsible persons to each machine, equipment
and area.

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 SEIKETSU (Standardize)

Maintain high standards of workplace organization and

housekeeping at all times.
To prevent the deterioration of Seiri, Seiton and Seiso
activities.
To minimize causes that make the workplace dirty and
uncomfortable.
To protect workers from dangerous conditions.
To make workers happy and vivid giving them a chance to
present their talent and creativity.

Shitsuke (Self-discipline)

Do things spontaneously without being told or ordered

The Seiri, Seiton, Seiso, Shitsuke are techniques and
actions to make workplace well-organized.
Shitsuke is a condition in which all members practice
these 4’s continuously, spontaneously and willingly.
Shitsuke is the creation of strong cooperative culture filled
with a spirit of high productivity through implementation
of these 4’s, as well as motivation, education and training
to all members.
Management should give good example.

Self-Check 3.1

Directions: Give the English terms of the following 5s Japanese terms.

Write your answer in your quiz notebook.

1. Seiso -

2. Seiton -

3. Seiri -

4. Shitsuke -

5. Seiketsu -

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 OPERATION SHEET 3.1

PRACTICE GOOD HOUSEKEEPING

1. Materials and equipment should be stored straight and neat.

2. Keep aisles and walkways clear of tools, materials.

3. Prevent fire and reduce hazards which cause

accidents. Dispose scraps and garbage daily.

4. When working above other people, place tools and

materials in a place where they will not fall and cause
injuries.

SELF-CHECK 3.1
CHECKLIST IN PERFORMING OR PRACTICING GOOD
HOUSEKEEPING PROCEDURE

Not
CRITERIA Performed
Performed
1. Disposed unnecessary items?

2. Arranged necessary items in good order?

3. Cleaned workplace completely?

4. Maintained high standards of workplace

organization?

5. Did things spontaneously without being told or

ordered?

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 Scoring Rubric

Steps Performed:

5 – Excellent
4 – Very
Satisfactor
y 3 – below
- Poor
TEACHER’S CHECKLIST

Not
CRITERIA Performed
Performed
1. Disposed unnecessary items?

2. Arranged necessary items in good order?

3. Cleaned workplace completely?

4. Maintained high standards of workplace

organization?

5. Did things spontaneously without being told or

ordered?

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 ANSWER KEY 1.1
Self check 1.1

1. objects
2. attention
3. chemicals
4. protective
5. Wear

ANSWER KEY 1.2

Self check 1.2

1. Turpentine
2. Lacquer thinner
3. Synthetic tinting agent
4. Thinner sealer
5. Paint
6. Clear gloss lacquer
7. Polyurethane
8. Spar varnish

ANSWER KEY 1.3

Self check 1.3

1. True
2. False
3. True
4. True
5. True
ANSWER KEY 3.1
Self check 3.1

1. Sweep
2. Systematize
3. Sort
4. Self-discipline
5. Standardize

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