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  • S.D.skazkin. Orta SRLR Tarixi. I Hiss

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    Elgun Isgandarov
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    S.D.skazkin. Orta Srlr Tarixi. I Hiss

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    180 views499 pages

    S.D.skazkin. Orta SRLR Tarixi. I Hiss

    Uploaded by

    Elgun Isgandarov

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 499

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    llcr,)pHJ.i ipc.lHcBurioB.j v.lHjcB crItitr..\rt.. 1968, f!]HL,Ba J B njaraccjar ncr
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    uaa aa hyryrr uyuacx6araap rapl.lxliHa Aal-rp 3aHKIIH MarepHaJ'l Be-
    pup. Har.nu uau6a,rap Hca 3H qox cljaca rapuxa aHA Ma',ryMarnaplr
    ahara eanp.
    Eyryu-uex6a rr.rnx3pxHAaH caHaa Marepua,rnapbl aaha e'rs6aP-
    ,r srg,r,rp.- ha.qucs"[ap ceHaa"lepa sc hyryr a6ug,c.naplna uuca6ran.4a-
    ha qox Har.lx uaH6e.rapre oHnaphIH MYann uOJapHHlIH llIYypny.lyr ,(a-
    paqacnHAeH acHnbl onaPar 6Kc onyHMy[ayp. SyHa Kepa ,u,a hausn
    iun,u,as o.nau uau6anap yuyu haaxca,lepu .43PK erMaHHH cy6jexrla-
    ,'rrriH,6e'3aH 6I.,"'IapaK,u,aH 6y Ba ja ALIKap Qaxr,'IapblH YcrYHreH KeqHr-
    ueiu so ja hcrta oH.rapuu r;:caau rahprQ oJ'IyHMacLI xacn.blp
    fap6r.r Poua uunepujacu apasxcnxaa 6ap6ap
    v-I lp]tp_ g,ei,rar;rapunnu uejaana xa,rruacu Ba Qeoaanlr3M
    "'*:1t:1*1" rypy''ryurynyu japairrr'acu ra'r'uM arIMaH xaJlrrla'
    priiai rYsgea6 o.nau arerlapun jasunu ha.nga
    xaflr-
    paCMI'iJ'IAUI pIlnMaC[HI{ Ba OHnapbIH eCapAT aJ'ITbIHa C-a''IblHMbI[I
    .napaa uynacu6arnapl.lHH raH3HM eaaH raHyHJIap laoyr'I eaunMecuHl{
    13is6 g1rp4u. Byua'xopa aa, aprblr, V acpaa xeuulur uuneprjaHux
    20
    r -' i \:'-' __*1 I
    ,/.

    l
    APA3IICHHAA MACKAH CANMHUI TAAHM AIMAH XAIr"'IAPbIHbIH 1
    JA3HNbI
    raHyHnaphr Mej,(aHa xentr[r; 6yu,rap rpeoaa,rusr,luH 6apropap o,,rua-
    l
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    eKc erAupax jexaxa jasulu MeH6anapAup. Oa ro'jxxarunna Kopa Ma-
    t{arlneJ'rap, jaxya MyxranH+ vanajaraSpa na xara.rapa Kapd qJpHMa,,rop
    Ba oaura qa3anapuH crjahucsl onaH 6y arcr hyryry ronay,rapu
    Qeo_
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    HHKHUaQ caBHjjacHHH, uy,rxxjjar oopMaJapHHbr, 6auuaHMarAa oraE
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    ManKaMa npocecH QopManapHHLr B3 rr. a. re,(rHf eTMaK yqyH 3eHKBH
    Ba osBran'a.[e repaqe.(a rxjuar,ra Marep[an BepHp.
    Coupaaap llkuaau Ba MapKa3[ Aaponauun rynAapnHr rypyry-
    ury ae Pona 6uluajax raAHM anMaH Bo
    aFa,rbrFbrHHH Ha o,'lAyFyHy
    Kenr xanrnapbrHun aa 6y '{yp ja3unH raHyHnapu uej.{aua xa.nAn.
    Ey xa,rraapuu 6a'sxaapuHra Hacn[-H'{Ma typy.ryrxyHyH traFHJrMacH
    sa $eola,lxsunn MejAaHa KarMacH npocecH aanx xe.lup.[r. Byna
    xepa Aa, raHyunapbrH jasuja arunuacu aa xeq-VlII-lX acpaapaa,
    Cxaulrnasuja xaJrrJ'rapbrHAa xca aaha xeq-XlI-XIII acpnapAa ha-
    j ara xeuHpr.rurur,4rp.
    Pyc Au.nxxla 6y hyryr a6l.u,enapHH H uoxyxy <Pyccraja npaBAa>
    1
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    ,'rarHHqa, o.ry6, (voxy JarHHqa j asu.rn'luur4up ) lex (jaxy.l ranyu)
    cesyna 6y raHyHnapbrH Maxcyc on,[yFy rajQaHuu sa ja xanruH agu
    e.raBa eIHiIMeKJla J apa/tbrJMbIrx/lhtp. (ueca",ran, lex saxsonum, lex
    irisionum). Eyuaapsrx haMHCHHH 6np,lrrKtra aAareH <Eap6ap raHyrl-
    .napu> <Zeges barbarorum)) aanaHnbrp brp,tap. On.rap uar,rajjbruu iru-
    KHuaoH xe,qxuHHAa reApHl{,ro japaxapar 6yxlaH agsa.r MoBqyA ofl-
    xyur hyryr HopMa,,IapbIHHH (aaar hyriry gejx",raH urej) ronJrycyllyp-
    Jlaxux <raHyu.lap>brH cH epxau pegaxcujanapblHAa 6ena a:ar hynyiy
    HopManapbr jasbr,'rbr uaKHnAa rac6xr onyHapKaH xpa,r haxrrvujjara-
    Huu re'cupu u.'ra 6a'srr .{ajlurtx,rtxaapa Ma'py3 raJMHtuAttp. 3auan
    KeqAflKr{a <raHVH>,'rap +eoAa"rH3M rypyJtyulyHyH uuxaruaQuHa yjsyr
    o,rapar,4ejxr Mrlr Ba ra MaMJ'raH Mbnuabrp; aprur, 6v uapha,toAa xanr l
    BepH'{H,rlKAa Hrxrl{paK erMaMHrxaHp. Mehxau,raxlraur aoB,ter haK[-
    uajjaru <ranyn>,rapuu ajpu-ajpl,r MyAleanaphrHbr AajnuAHpaH Qep-
    MaHJrap BepHpaH.
    <lauyu>,rapuu MarHH coHpaAaH eAr.rrMr. u araBanap, na j,rap,.rorny, ., -i
    peaaxcr.rjaaap (jaxya_ sapxaxraap) HarHqraclH.[a os rapx16tna xepa.
    alerer, qox Mypar{Ka6Aup. Elr3ltM xyH,'rspoflax Becrror, Eypryna, Ca-
    'l
    ,rnx, Pr.rlyap, AleuaH, Eanap, Cancbu, Opae, Typuur. se'-AHr,r-caxc
    (raHyH>JrapH KanH6
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    aJIMaH.,a-ltarJrapnHa .(aha jaxun o;r1yry y'{yH xycyc gurrara ,rajnr.
    aup. VIII ecpAa Easaucuu arpap rypyryiyHy ojpeHMax yqyn aH
    uyhyr'l uan6a <OxHH.ru,rHK raHyHr>.(yp. EasaHc-cjranjan aiar hyry-
    ryHyH ronnycy o,ran 6y (raHyH> e3yHyrr 6Hp
    '{ox xycycxjjaraapuna
    l(epa raaHM anMaH xaJrrJrapbrHhrH (raHyH)J'rapbrHbr aHAbrphrp.
    2t

    ,o.;oi*;.;!i&
    Epxau opra acpnep/le pean [aKHnAe MoBqyA onMyu caHar Ma-
    TepxannapbrHbIH aHllar a3 6up rt.tcr"tx a€BpYMY3a,u,aK xaat6 qaruuut-
    aup. Eyl.u.au 6aura o roBpYH HqrlllnaH halarHHblH o3Y aa caHa,[,rap,u,e
    peiuu cyparaa rac6sr ear,ruacu ra.ne6 o,'lynan uyxact6ar,rap cahccu
    6axuuuu.aau uahaya rar. Kpaa r'rehxerraeclHlrH rapapbl (jeplx r'aah-
    KaMa,rap hs,,ra es hexM,lapuHfl pecMl.l cyper.u,a rac6lr eruupaH,'tap),
    6oxuuur, a,,rrbr'carrbr Ba ropnar MY6aaH,'I3cfl aKTnapbI, eacljjar,rap,
    acH,'rH,rbrl uyuacu6ar,rapuHI rac6ur eacH axrrap-epxau $eoaa,r Qap-
    MaHrapbrHbrH scac rfinrapfi 6yn,lap lan. ByH,rap,ra jauaurst 6up aa
    Qopuy,r ron,ry,rapH, jaxyr rHIHK OepMaH HYMyHaaap[ ronJynapbl aa
    iaiaal xr,6au aepuuur 6yryu or'ra,ruj jarnapbtH rxll,rapu harrusaa
    raiassyp japaaan uyxra,rNQ Me3MyHny pean ceHarnap 6yx,lapr,In aca-
    cbrH,(a ja3HntIpau. ,rlaxss 6yu,rap t'lyuappa,u, OopMaAa vr, alJap,
    Taprx.rop, Topnar"'IapHH xoHKper TecBI.ipu Bc H. a. . KocrapH.'I MHP.4H.
    VIII-lX ocp,lap!.a - MoH acrblp"'IaPAa no"rtllrHKJ'IJp, J ax]-ll_Mfrx,rlap HH
    racBHpJropx (r'raca,rar, [apuc jaxun,rurblHAaKbI Cen-Xepr'rel uo-
    Hacr puiuu a66arsI Hputxouyu lX scputt aBBeJ'IHHAa rapru6 er-
    auju :uyQacca.rr ro,'IrrruK ) ra xapryajapu,rap, jaxya QapMaHnap Be
    6aLura iona,uaplrH, a!,oraH cyparJapaHAeH l6apar rol,ry,rap uej'aa'
    116 Kernp. Ejnn :auanaa HpH MYnK,'IepIrH n,[apo o,'IyHMacbIHa aaI'Ip
    re'.rumar.rap'aa japaHbrp. Moca.ren, Eojyx Kap,rsrn rarpu6au 800-uy
    u,raa raprn6 onyHMyrx <My,rxlap harrusaa ta'rl-tl'latu> (<Capitu-
    lare de villis>) coHyH,,Iyrapa au44xp. flo,rlnrnKnap, Kaprynjaprl,rap.
    re',rxllar"rap Hpu Seoaar ropnar cahx6.lr.rjHHI'IH TaulKI.lJIIl, acu.nu aha-
    ,'r!t H x H Ircrr,IcMap $opva,ra psr, KaHAJ[.qapI.lH acac acblr'lH,lblr rIlrI"'Iap[,
    harrunaa racoBByp j aparHp.
    Eojyx Kapr uMlep jacbtH.(a KeHUlrl BJ paHKapaHK Kpar I"aHyH-
    aepr',ru.rrrju Kanury,r japH.lop (ona xopa 6c"ro al,rauup KH, MerH Ka-
    nflry,'l.rapa, jaxy,u. r[acu,r,rapa 6oayHypay) uejaatta xa,rup. Er.rsaHc'
    la iuncparop QcpraaH"rapuHuu Bepu,lMaclr colt Poua rrunepljacu
    .lloBpYHIou conpa aa jaHau p st,"I M a MEnurbl
    Epxou opra acp.'IepHH clljacH Be rI'IcMeH tlqrHMau rapxxuHa aaHp
    lrcu6o,'rap auua.r,rap ic ajps'l-ajpu xaJ'Ir.[aPbt[t <raprtx,rapt'l>,trp Au-
    '(.rar.
    Ha"r"lap annalcs; uannus>-un"r, c63YHitJHAxp) Icp6lr Aapo-
    nara ca.'rHava.rapa tcjrraupal.t. Pouaras llPC raJlMbltu auna"r,rap VI
    ccp.rtrr 6a u,r a j a p a r uou acrstp"l ap,ta uejttari a xo,r ltaj a 6a ru,r alu ; 6yH-
    JraP nacxa qa,r.Ba.r.rliJpHHr'to cll)I.rrMIIrr ruca I cjl1,rop QopMacbIHAa IIAII.
    61': r'cj.r..rap ca6rr xynuo aytutuajeH xH"'1cc 6ajpaMbr o"qaH nacxaHblH
    6ijpair e.rir"rauajrl KyH.rJp 6irp uevs x.rr eBRJ"t/toH xocrcptt.'rttprrt. H"rx
    reja,rop saoaauJ ajpu-ajpu H,r'rleplrH raptublcblHra anapu,ruplu Ey
    savarr' hap haHcu 6tlp ha,tltc;t t.rc a':lare,lap o.lapar hev ,c,3 6YTYH
    r.l.n,rop reia o,ryHMyp.u.y; coHpaJrap 6y reja,rcp raha _re:-rea aIIaDhl.rl-
    *arri \tll ccpnH ctinl'rr.lax uia tt.'r6arr anapbl.IlMaFa 6aur.nanlu Kpa,'r
    capai,rapbrHna raprn6 o,ryuau, aaha xesuut apasuHn aharc eaag
    auHa,r;rap VIII-lX ecprapa a*rgarp: Eojyx Kap,r capaistnaaxu <Kpa,r
    anua.n",,apo,r, I4uxt,rrcpo;ilr xpa-'r A.,rrppcl capajun,taxu <<Aur,tocaK.
    coH xPoHflKacbl>.
    Aurarapla jauarusl VI ocpean 6aru;rajapar fcp6lr Aepona e,r-
    xaJropllH.ro, KeqMnu Pona luleptrjacunslH c.ia.ror'repllll'Ie Macx!{l'

    ------
    -o:"-
    -'
    ira[rMbrr.u ajpH-ajpbl reallM a,lMaH raj0anapHHblH <rapHxnspH> .[a
    MejaaHa xerrp. Ou;rapaa aqaaanap, Koq.ilap, H.,rK hepcor,rap Ba xpan-
    ,rap harruu,u,a pasajar,'tap, xa,lr uahnsLrapbl, cararap, hauqusun
    ajpn-ajpu fe,u,H M aJMaH xarr,'IaPbIHHH TapxxHHHH u,rx ccp,rapa har-
    rr,iuaa aHua.r"napa rruc6arax qox-qox My0accaJ Mo'"rIyMarxap Bep[-
    ,rap.6yx.rapa Mxca,r oJapar Llopaanuu <for,,tapun MaHUajH Ba aMer-
    ,rapa harrurx,rar, Ceul"r ja;lu Vcllopya <for",rapuu rapNxu>, Typ.lty
    fpuroplrHxH <Oparr,:apuu raprxlr>, flaae:r,ILjaxoxyu <JIaHro6apA-
    .,lapHH rapHxll>, ,[lehrepau EeAauuu <Asr,T xa,rruHux KHnca raplt-
    ,\r.r> Ba c.-Hr.r KocrapMaK o.lap. hoxn,(ap,rapbIH, jen}lcKon,rapHH Ba
    6auJra HpH Qeoaa.r,rapuu lX acpaan Mej.aaHa KJ"IJH rcpuyr.rejt-ha.t-
    JrapHHtra ,u,a, haM,rHuan cajacr rapxxa llalp rHjMorJl.r Ma'.ryMarnap
    BapAHp. EyBJIapHH nqapacIrHAsH Ejnrapauu <Eejyl< Kap"run haja-
    Tbr> KeHfilrr ja ju,ru u urau.
    Ersaucaa 6y aespyH uarau uau6a,rapn xycyclrna rHjMarnsaflp.
    EnsaHc rapux accpnopxHl.rH Myan,r[Qnapu-a,rN c'jax,rap, jaxya pa-
    hu6,rap aurar raprrxrxyHac,lbrFbrH eH'aHanepnHAaH KeHuu Hcrtroa.u,a
    earzpalnep. lap6 rapuxutr,raprHo unuc6arau !,aha xeHHUr crjacu xe-
    pyu aaHpacrHa Ma.rrrK oJraH 6y uya,utrQaap ecepnapHrl.la raKqa
    Eusascuu ,a,eju,r, roxury xanrrapbrH aa rapl,lxHHH Bepxprflnap. VI
    acp rapxxqHcr.r fejcapxjje,rH flpoxoruuaH uMrreparop JycraHaauux
    haxuurjjarn aoBpyHyH ha4uca,raprna hacp o.rynvyur acepnapn raha
    vox ruaurhyp xax. Conpa,rap, X ecpae r'rahcy,r,4ap ryBBenapHIt UHKII-
    uaQu Ersaxc exMH acapl oaau <Keonourxa)aa 63 axcllHfl Tanabl
    xn, iypal.a KaH.[ rocappyQarHHa .[allp qoxJy Ma'JIyMar roflrarMutu-
    4srp. Eueauc uraha p,ra p nurlH rapHxr.rHe ,qaxp llyhyM MaH6a onaH
    <<Elapxur xHra6u> ra X acps aH,a'u,Hp. Ey uan6a KoHcra srs uono,r-
    aa ceHaTKapnbrr Ba THqapaTuH TerrrKn",rHHu TeHsIlM eacH hexyuar
    cepaHqa MJra p HHHH rorrnycyHraH r.{6aperaI'Ip. I(lra6 6usaxc najrax-
    runun laccppyQal hojaru BJ cex rypy"r)'uv harrutraa rrtjuar.,lu
    Ma'JyMarnap 8ep Hp.
    r{yra.4,4ac,rap harrsttr,ra paaajar"rcp epKeH opra ocp,rapru uyhyu
    rapHxr.r MoH6JcHAHp. Ey ruau6a,rapae, aQcaxana Marepflar'Ixap coH
    ;]apoqo qox o,rrca ,:ta, xa"rr lta.jaruuuH 6Np uox xyclotj.jor,ropuno ra
    Kr.r,rca rapHxnHa aaHp, oHyH roprar cahr6,rujruNa luxxruaQu har-
    rbrHAa, xanf KYTnc"lepHHHH hajar rapsx, a,u,aT,lepI-I, Ir^(eoaoKxjacH,
    ap3y Ba e'Triraa.lapu harrnu,{a rujuar,ra ua',ryltar"rap ra"rMbrtxahlp.
    Epxax opra acp,'rapxH MaaJHLIjjar raplJxt'IHI.I oipartMJK ytryrl xanr
    noesrjacu a6rae"rapa: Hp,ranauja, Vcaarxtja, CxaHAtnaaaja cara-
    Jrapbr Ba aHr"r-caKC enoc1, 6upuH,,rr.l ;1epollaJlr ahavljjorc MarrlKrHp,.
    Eaurra ra,4xl.r a,1MaH xanr,rapbrHr,lH acKH enocy aoBpyMy3o,a.aK, 6HP
    raj.q,a o,qapar, coHpa.raH jeur,tcu uurraur.rMIIU ha"rjla qarMLItuaHp-
    ,rlaxux ou,rapra jla Mapar.rbl Mo'"ryMarJap qox.ryp.
    Ke'rvHuJ lap6n Polla rlrleprjacuunx apa3rcHx,lc cpKarr.opra ocp-
    l

    ,rapru hyrlrx Ba HarJx irrau6a.rapr "larbrH![a ja:u.ruurt-trutp. "1aKHH 6y, ,, l


    6up raj,ra o,lapar, aro6r J'IarHII alrr.t 1ejra, t'.r.l.tt v a.tvaH xarrJ'lapbl
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    rapa, Hpaanarja aa I4c,rauAnjaaa raHyHnap ea 6a'sn rapux scapnapH


    xaJlr AHTITHAa ja3HnHpAbI. Be:ra xr, JarblH .u,finE KenTnapa Ba aHu-
    23

    , .. .dr-d,-c*fr
    . caKcrapa jaa BAt{ Ba 6y IoBpAa Xejnl{ aepallo.(e KxJIce aHJIH oJ'lapar
    raJrhrpabr. Eejyx (apa aunepujacux4a aHHarnapHH Bo xYcycl{ra ra-
    . pux ecapJlopriHaH aHJr{ anuar pyhauu,lep Ba rIlcMoH e'jaHnap yqyn
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    .. .u,E.n rer,u,Hr<.{a.qaha as aHraulblrJtlr olypay. 6era Ku, xa,'Ir aI.Ir'IJ'IgpH
    .rarrJH alrr'rr.rHAerr xerauKlla raha ,Iox Sepr.nauupaa. Eagaxc ntau6aaa-
    -

    - pfi-coHe,Ilnep Ba HarJIl{ lrlau6a;rap aha.nunus qoxyHyH ucruoaaa er-


    ruj H jyuau .u,s,rasae j a3bLlMbt[IAbI.
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    Il. Iv *!]:!
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    -'rjja,rauap .Illalieprap uejaaua xa,rrp, uraltn
    alloerap.' japanuara 6au.rajup, MHJIJII-I Moaa-
    AoB,,rar.nep
    HHjjsr AoFy,lyp. Eytyn 6yn.nap MaH6oJIapI{H caj',ra apruacuHa, oH.Ila-
    IhrH paHxapauxaujrHa sa jeuu lrau6a uea,napuullu t'lejaaHa xa.nua-
    'caHa ra'clp xocrap14 palr.

    . ja.rruus apxeoroxu a6ug,a,lapa Be caHe,(Jlep H, arnra,r,rapun ao.lajsl


    , r'le'.,ryuarrapHHa Kopo ejpaur.nrr.rup. xIII acpaa lap6u Aopona4a raua
    ! ' racappyrfarsrna gaup 6np cl{pa ecepraP repru6 olyu.u,y; XIV-XV
    ecpnapAaH IsBpYMY3a,[oK rl.tr{apaTa, Ir.rahyI roxyuy.ltyFyHa Aalrp scep-
    . ,rep xaaa6 qarMblrlrAbrp. IIIehap cauarxapJlbtFbl rapuxllHa aaHp qox
    rlijMernn usu6alap cex HI{3a MHa MaJlaplrnr.rp. Oajasr'la,{apblHblH MI'IHH-
    re 6e,raarjje x,qapeJIspH
    aryp,1apL.1s, Krrrca,'raplrH (co6op;Iapsru)
    - Snxarapuuuu (paryua,rapblH) 6aperjeQnepx Ba rlrYue HaxblIIJIaL
    pbrHAa, xanqanapaa qoxJly ceHorKap Ba KaHA raceppySaru auaju
    .iahuanapaurn-or qaJIbIMbI, 6rvnn, xuprrrau, urapa6 oe jar haaup.nan-
    . MacH, roxyrrlynyr, rypy,'lyr'Iyr recBIlp,'lapfi raJIMbIlrIAbIp.
    Oeoaal ucrehcaa uyuaca6araspxHHH MeH3epact-r uyxra;ruS ca-
    '. rrsAJrap.qa eKc onyHMylxayp. @apuaH.nap, MYJIKJIapITH rscBlipnapH,
    I(sHArrH MyKorreQujjar,lapnHnu crjahurapu XI-XII acpJ'IepHH arpap
    '. raprlxu yrryH ecac caHaAJraparip. Teaccyr! Kr.r, reBpyMy3aaaK 6y ca-
    xOAJIapltH eCaC KYTJISCI'IHIIH aCJIH I€JHJI, CyparJlapll Ba Ja KapTy,'Ila-
    - pxnapa,aaxlrJr er[,'IMI.Itx xyracaJlaptl xa,tu6 uaruuug,ltp.
    . XIII-XV ecpJrepae aMrea-rIyJI Irrynacu6eraepuuun unxuuaQu n.na
    anaroAap onapar jeHI.I ceHaa HoBnop[-Myxro,'t[0 ropnat ceBAaJIo-
    pHHH (aJrbr-carrbICtIHtI, ropnaFbIH KxpoB rojy"rvacsl Ba x'.Iapaie Be-
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    -35
    6HpE onAy xtl, 6yHyH Aa arpaoHuAa MyacHp 6ypxya rap[xrrJyrrcrEr-
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    36

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    37

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    *-' 38

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    pyuyn japaauauacbrH,u,a coBer opraacpuyHacnapHHuH j a ru,'IH Hecnn-
    uuu 6ejyx xH.{MarH o,ruyusyp. A. A. Vaa,rcos (1883-1959),
    ' ha,ra 30-!ry nnnopAo, A. .[onuyu oKcHHa onapar Cesap aa Tacxr asg-
    pyHyn raAI{M aJIMaHnapHHAa u6rrAall HqMa rypyny[yHyH hexupan-
    ' .rrhrFHHbr nHaHAbrprrcrH [IeKrurAa cy6yt erax. O esynya <Kapoasur
    O,rauapr.rjacuunH arpap rapllxfiHAe> aAnhI uouorpaQnjacuua
    . (1935) 6y sxaajarun rapuxsHa aal.Ip Marepllannap ocacblHAa Hq{MaHbIE
    aorvuna uauruajHHo MaJIHX oauacu harrrrnaa 6ypxya uasaprjjacuutl
    ?eHrr.ra eran; cy6yr er4n xH, opara, harra IX ecp,4a aa a3a.[ uqMa-
    uapxa 6ejyx ahaunjjar xac6 eruaxAa uan. H. fl. fpacrancxx (1886-
    1945) he.na l9l9-uy u.rraa, coHpa Hca 20-ur.r n;r,'rapaa A. ,[onuy ep-
    KaH opra ecpnapuH eu uyhyu uaH6a.napuun ucre4ajr xauu uraph er-
    At,tjHHe, (Borr{ttHa KarrHTaJrH3MH> uasaprjjacrna xepa Ba Borq[[a-
    HH KeHAnHnaP yqYH anBeprnuJlu 6np Hvrauau Ta'cucar KI.|M[I lNeh,II,
    er.qujuna Kopa uHaHAr,rpbrqH JeKuJIAe reHrI{A erAlr. <X-Xll jysn,urnrr-
    ;rapaa 6ypryu4 xaH.qn> (1935) uoxorpaQr'rjacunaa H. fl. fpocuaHcxtl
    BypryHlujala Qeoaarr.t3M lrauuejxHltu xycycuj jar,rapr uH Kecraprrl.
    hapuau4 xxQajar ra.qap acacnapbl oJtMaAHFbI haaaa 6Y npocecaa 6yp-
    ryHA r.rlrMacbrHHH-MapxacbIHbIH ponyHy KI.IqHnraH. J\axwa, cotpanap,
    30-40-.,rbr HnnapHH coHJrapbrHAa jaaluru MaraIaJlapla HqMaHHH, raK-
    ua QpaHx,rapaa aejIr,1, eJlaqe aa BecrrorJlap sa 6ypryna,rap,u,a ra, ort-
    aaprrx la.l,'lrj a4a MecKyHna[IMacbIHAaH aBBaJI o,r.l.vry xruu, 6u.la-
    aacxra faaauja4a MacKaH caJIAbItAaH coHpa aa laJIMacH OaKTbIHhI
    uyejjen er4u.r
    fap6n Aoponaga +eo.4ann3MIrH rrlanruajx npo6neMItHxH Ha3aptr
    hea.ru yuyn A. H. Heycuxr.Iunu (1898-1969) ecapnapHHI.IH 6ejyr aha-
    unjjaru olly. O, <VI-VIII acpnapao fep6n Asponaaa acblnH I(aHA-
    JlunapnH epxaH QeoranH3rlr uauujjaruunu 6up cnHQx rruN uejaana
    Kar'lMacH> rura6uHAa (1956) uau6a;rapnH; o r'IYMJ'IaaaH <6ap6ap ra-
    - HyHIapLI)HbIH reuHu Irla',ryuaTJIaphlHa acaceH epKaH opTa ecpneP
    aoBpYHAA t'lyxra.nNQ DoaHM arMall xanrnaPblHAa a3aa uqMa Y3BnaPu'
    HlrH acbIJ'IH KoHAnHnapo qeBpunMacfi rlpocec[HH apau4upau. Myx-
    TaflEQ xanrnapaa 6y npocecHH xe.uHtxHHra YMyMn Ba o3YHaMaxcyc
    uaher,rapt auKapa rrbrxapMarna jaHauru, o, IlHaHrhlpbrqbl UaKI.IJIAa
    I 6cx; fpnuqaucxflfi H. n. H3 co[rarbHo-al(olloMutlecKor'I trcropru 3anaAHoeB-
    poneiicxoro cpcAHeBexoBhr, M., 1960.
    52
    5.r
    F-
    ll
    ;l-*-a_ r' i{.:F . 1.

    xscrepa[ Kr{, haMbr]la heutlH npocrcHH qHxbrlr HerTacH a3a,q, Hqua


    onMyurayp. A. H, Heycuxux vaunjjernu Qeoaa,urauMacbrubrt ufrn-
    caaH acacHHbr, aY3KYH orapaf, HqMaHbrH, 6ejyx an.nanru coHpaaaB
    6aur BepeH .[aFHJrMacbrHAa, ajpbr-ajpH EqMa y3BnapHHHn Qap.(I-I t'op-
    flar MyJxlrjrernHnH MejAaHa qbrxMacHHAa Kopyp. CoHpa oHrapbur qO- .

    xyr{yH 6y MynK[jjer]I jerlluMaKAo oaaH Hpu ropnar cahn6aap[ cHrr-


    QrHUH xejpulra lrrlrpMacx flpocecu 6au BepMHrrr.qup. Asaa xup,4a
    rrrynxujjaflruaapuH-a3aa IttNMa y3Bnapr{HHH rrryhyu huccacxnxu upll
    Topnar cahu6napEHHn ucTHQaAaqunapI,IHa qeBpHnMacH-uyar<xj-
    ier uynacu6auepnHAaK Mehs 6y upenfir.dju Jropltn Heruqecfl rr,Iu.
    Osynyn <VIII-XII ecpnapAe AauaHrja,qa a3aA KaHAnHnapHH raJre- .
    jH) a,uH Anxep acapalrAa (1969) A. H. Heycrxulr, 6a urauwa oaapan,
    KaprynjapHnoprx ue'ayuar,rapu acacbrHAa Aavanuja,qa Qeo4aaaau-
    Ma rrpocecHHlrH xYcycHjjer,,repnHH: oHyH JreHK KerMecl,lHH, BoTqr{HarrErH
    japauuacu iLeBpyHAe opaAa a3aA HlrMaHhrH-MapKaHbrH y3yH MyAAer
    rarMacHHH ajauxaau.uupau, ha6e,ra T. Majepru <Kpaa asa.[,nuru>
    ra3e3pnj jecnHH HHaHAHptrt{H cyparAe raHrHA erAH.
    HasepAen Keqnp neH npo6neM yvyu C. .Il. CxaaxuHnH (1890-
    I973) <Opra acpnepAa lap6n Aaponaaa KeHAEnapxHHH raprx[Ha Aa-
    Hp oqepKnap> (196E) acapuHnn uyhyu uasepx ahar,rujjara BapaHp:
    C. A. CxasxEH 6ypxya opraecprxyHacrHFH rrJra r(acxnH rr,ry6ahuca,u,e
    Poua xunepajacu uJra rorry[rMalapbrHa raasp, rarr.rM a,rrMaH xaJrr-
    napbrHAa HqMa rypyJryuyHyH heKMpaHnHr erMac[ Ba uqMa-Map-
    xaHHH HqMa Ta[rNHIaTHHbrH COH QOpMac]i KHMIl +eo,(anl{3-
    MHH MaHuajfi .U,oBpYHAa sa harra, sHKUuaQ erMHrJI QeoAan[3MAe
    fep6n Aaponaunu 6tp vox eJrKarap[HAa AaBaM erMacx re3ncuHu
    MYAaQna erAn. C. !,. CxasxaH Aa haM.IIHEH, a3a,[ 1;q{Ma ysaaapnnui
    TOp[aFa oJIaH MYJIKHjjATHHI HTEpManOpHHH QeOlaI,raurua nun 6aur-
    ,rulra aMr(JlH heca6 eaxp, ,[,eBnor cnjacarn, Qeoaan 3opaKJrHFH Be
    uaxcr.r oJraraJrapr.rH 6aprapap o,'rMacbrHAa Hca, ja,rHua 6y npoceca cyp'-
    arraHAnpaH KoMaKqt,r BactrroJtapu xepypAy. C. /1,. Cxasxlruxu xurxa-
    u 6rp Ae 6yu.qan u6apararrp KH, o, Aapona4a Qeo,qalusunn uauura-
    juuaa Irxn jo,ry ajaHH uyajjen erAa: rapubrnbrrJrbr roByurMa jony-
    6y jo.ua llHKuuao e,[apKaH oeoAan]r3M ,u,aFHJrMar.[a o;ras cou Poua
    rynu,apnbtr MyHac[6srrop]r Ba raAuM atuau ra6tal.,au HqMa MyHacE-
    6ernepuH[H rapu]brJrbrrJrbr re'crpx npocecnHAa japaHMhrrxAupi H6Ttr-
    Aarl Lt'uMa rfopuacnjacuHnau 6u,nasaeura QeoAann3Ma Ker{flI jony-
    6y joa con Poua an'ena.;rapaunu aheuxjje.rau 6up re'clrptl oJrMa,[aH
    riHxtrIIIaQ e.(aH lianrrap ycyH caqHjjaBrUHp. Ey l(opyu fap6n Aepona-
    .[a QeoAaJru3MHH MaHuajE rrpoceclnflH racH[Qar ocactrHAa aeptrH-
    53
    .u,eH Ha3aPAaH KeqnPxrMacH YqYH qHxlru HorracE oJIAy KH, 6y aa
    coBeT opraacpuYHacrHFblHHH HHKHlnaQHHbIH MYacHp MOphanec[ YtrYH
    coqxjjeBnnup. hasupaa heuru xopyru lap6n AaponauuH ajpH-ajpbr
    xanrnapu Be onKeJIapI{HAa, heu,ruHt{H E 3aHc.u,a 6y npocecxn tapxxr'
    Ha Aa[p 3eHr(HH QaKr MarepHanHHa MannKIHp.
    Cooer a.rrlr.napx 60-',rbI InnapuH aBBarI.{HAaH 6y uarepaaluu,
    heir aa rucl,reH ajpu-ajpu e,'IKoJIaPLIH Bo xaJIrJIapbIH TapHxIrHe ,[aHp
    xapHlru raArHrar,'IapbrH MYrajuca fi-T ap:,1,x1{ rah;raaaua scacnaHapar
    Iap6n Anponaaa Ba BlisaHcaa Qeoaanlr3MuH uanurajlHn MYxranHQ
    TI{IrJrepa ajHpMar uaha,lapNuu aaBaM eraupalrnap. By uaca,lana, ha-
    JroJrHK, rarn hell oaynlryur heca6 eruax o.nuas. Jlaxnu, aPrblr, I-IHAH
    ruy6hacusAup xu, Qeo4a,raautua npocecll uyxra.rnQ xaJlrJlap,4a Ba
    'MyxranHO enKanepaa r'lyhyt'r esyHeuaxcyc xycycujjar.napa ManLIK on-
    yuryp. Byua xepa ao oHyH (KepMaHH3M, Ba ja <poMaHI'I3M> Ha3a-
    pHjja.repx pyhynaa 6apua'xa.nu sgahu uxalr uyuxyu 4eju.n. Coeer
    oPTaacpIxYHacJ'IaPbIHHH qoxy 6e;ra 6np MecaJIaAa har'lQnrupAup.nap
    xn, la.ttuiap^a, Hcnauttja.4a, Vtanujaaa, hau'{uHxH Eusaucga Qeo-
    IaJrH3M rapurHJrur.ru ra'cup jo;ly nae uHKH[IaQ eruuur.up. Mece-
    "lau, uy6hsc[s,uup xu,6y or.najar.napaa BorqHHa rypynyuylryH oop-
    MAJIAITMACbI NPOCECI,IHAE ASAA }II'IMAHbIH AAFbINMACbI BE A3AA KAHA.

    :+:-- JrHrapnH apaaaH rarxMacu r,re jauaurst Poua 4eapyn4au raJ'IMa EpLI
    :-l
    ropnar cahn6.nxjuxun .{ynjaar Ba KHrca roKaMyny, acbIJIbI KaHAnHJIap
    : cHH+nHr'lH Qop Ma,rauruacuHAa [Ica poMa MaHua.nl, ry.n,rap sa rejpn-
    .asaa eharunxs 6aurra xareropuja.napu uyajjau po.n ojuauuur.qup.
    ,Ilaxuu 6y ryprlrarblH ajpn-ajpu e,rKa,ropHHAa hautlt t'lyxraluQ
    xrejnrspr.rH unc6arxuuH Ha qyp onMacbr Ba oHnapbrB KscrepllnaH npo-
    ceca 6yroa.ryx4o Ho aapaqraaa ra'cup eruacu MocaJracHHH ha.na,rnr ra-
    .uauu.na ha"r,,l onyHMyrx heca6 erMax orMas.
    Corer a,raulepn 6e,ra 6np Mecanoaa Aa hauQrrr.rpar.rpnap Kr,
    Pejngan uapraa jauajaH raar4M aJIMaH xanrJ'IapblHAa, Eprraxujaaa
    ae Cxang,ruaarja onKaJ'IapHH.[e QeoAanusua xeqxl u6rHtrax u,,rMa
    uauxjjarunux AaxHJ'rIrrrAaH .[aFbInMacbr jo,ry nae, PoMa HlrruMau-
    rujacr an'axarepuunn hap harcu uasepa vapnaH ra'crrpu o,ruagau 6aut
    aeiurugNp. Sy rxn uuxuruaQ jo.ry Qeoaarrsrur{H xarlc qpoMaHE3M}
    MaHurejH xopytrlyHa jep rojuyp xu, hauru Kopyu Aa, Eugauc ra laxs.n
    54
    -rfTzi:*.

    oJrMarna, Arpona eaxa.nepxxns heq 6r.rpnlraa enMt,r 6axbIMAaH Tac.qgr


    onyHMyp
    Syxynaa 6e,ra, coaer opraacplxynacnapHHr,IH TallrurarnapH cy-
    6yr e4np xH, 0eo.0arH3Mur rtaaunruajr fipocecHHr.rH ajpn-ajpu xaar-
    napaa Bo r',ryxra.rxQ arKeropAsKrr hap uyp xycycujjaraapane 6axua.
    japar oHyH ecacbrHAa hap jepaa ox[ap saMrrH aa raHyuayj syn.ryr-
    ,'rap aajaHHp. 6HpliH',rH Hes6aAa, hap jepAa 6y npocecxn 6aur.nuua
    Ma3MyhyHy, 6xp uox 6ypxya aaru.napuxuu heca6 errnKrapr KIMH,
    hyryr sa ra'cncarnapEH, ,[oBJraruH raKaMyny aejHx, MyrKHjjar My-.
    xacx6auapxu,4a 6arx BepaH 4ejuuraxJrl{raap Ba 6yHyH"'Ia uyaj jax o.lry-
    HaH jeHt-t ElrrnMaH cxHHOnap[H, hap uejaau eBBan Qeoaan[3M r'rs-
    uujjarnuau 6urasac[re rcrehca;ruu;rapunuu Qopua.raruMacu Tau- ..

    Kx"r eaup. Ey 4aj uuuxaux.napun rrlahujjern oHAaH a6aperalrp xn,


    oeoAanH3MHH aMe.rra xeJlMacH npocecHHAa MapKa rrrnJrr{ a3aA HqNMa

    rypynyuy hap jepAa QeoAan BorqriHacuur,rn hexupaHrbrFr,r tlna aBea


    o,rrynyp. Ey raxua Qeoaa,rirsMr{H rap[brnbrnnH ra'cxp jo;ry u,ra uej-
    AaHa Ke,,rMaAlIjH xa,rrJlap yvyu gejx,r, hau Aa rrcuan raprxHnbrrrEr
    ra'cup jo.ny n,ra uuxuuraQ e,[aH araajar.napa Aa aHAAup xu, 6y su.
    ,ra jor,'lapaa ,u,a raallM a.ruan 6acrun,rapH HarHqacHHAa MyBorrarfi Bo
    ja rHcMeH aa o,,rca, haM.ruHrlH a3aa HlrManap uehxeuaenunru Ba a3ar,
    KeHAn[nap rs6aracu uej.u,axa xaauuura[. 6y AajHrrlrKnap haucu xou-
    xper QopMaaa-[axcH araraJrapuu 6aprapap oJrMacbr rxaxnnnAa Ba
    ja roxyay,ruasnur 6exulfirunapH Qopuacuu4a 6au repvacxnaaH acu-
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    HqMa y3BJ'ropHHHH eJ'rrHAaH ,ruxu6 j apauuarna onaH QeoAa.rr,'rap cunrpu-
    Hr{H arHHa xeqMocu rerrKIIJr eAlrpar.I. flpo6reuuu 6eaa usahu onyuaa
    uyajjau oayuyp KH, Myaclp 6ypxya raprxvr.rnapxHnH acac rncMnHHE
    aKclrHa oJrapar coBer opTaacpuyHacr,raPbr raAHM anMaHnapaa xycycra
    uyaxrjjarux ra aoruuxauuH, ha6e.na tlqrr{Matl 6apa6apcxaaxjuu
    e3aJrAaH o,'rMacbr Ha3a3pljjocHHH paaa eaap Bc oHnapaa (6aura xa,rr-
    napaa onAyFy xuuu) ropnar Y3apHHAe Ko.[reKrr.rB uvua uyarujje- i.!.

    TIHHH rlJrxHH o,rMacbrHhrH re6y,'I eAxnMaclr MoBreJ'repHHAa rauj jarne


    aypyp,rap.
    Hcrap Poua, Hcrepca Ae raAHM aJrMaH <<Qacn,recus uuruuraQu>

    56

    ',..,.:*d
    (<xonrnnyurer>x) uasepuj ja;rapnHlr po.Elt eaaH coBer aJEMnap[ Oeo-
    JlanH3Ma xequ.(u, hau rapurblJrblrJlEr roBy[Ma jo,ry uaa, hau,aa rap-
    ulbrJrbrrJrbr roByrrMa oaMaAaH 6aur nepax unxuuaQ, a3P[H HqrHMa[
    unrn,ra6 xuvu ltgah eanpnap xr,6y rHrr,ra6uu ra xe,quuxHAa jeH[,
    ' 6ynaan aBBon MoBlIya oJIMyIn 6YTYH ucrehca,r uynacn6ar.napun4au
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    japauuuuanp.
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    (reMeK o.nap 61rvx ljp6a Aspona, Ayualun car-
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    MeconoraMHjaHHu 6up hrccaca, Cypxja, Oa,racrtn) 4ixta oraH Ke-
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    IV-V
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    egau raceppyQarnaphru caju a3a.,iMbrular,r. Eaeapla a3 a.qaracfi
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    MacHHa KeqMt,rtrJAH. ejrry 3aMaH.4a Ma'MypJ,rapa Ba optr],j; r..ragaqt-r6l,r
    /rJ MancyJrJ'ra BepHp_,a,H. l H,,rapar uahayaaauruuulau. Canarxap,rur re-
    Ha33yJ'I erMH.rx--rfi. 9yrxx
    caHarxapJtHr Man,'lapbr K[Oajar re,4ap ca_
    runMbrpAbr. llJahapaep aaaaaxa ehaurjjarxtx arlpuxur:1. Htrrt-rMall
    nalarHH aFhrpJrbr- MopKa3H ruehapaau KaH.[a xeqMyu,ly. Oja,raraap
    apacErHAa heq aauan xnQajer raaap uehxau o;rvauuru uitlr.uan ara-
    ranep ,4aha .4a xauQ.nelraxla r,{a_ Pova tunepujacun.Ia rlrqapeT Be
    eMrae-rryJt I'lyHacu6araapu 6yc6yryu apa4au ra.riuaca .(a, aMraa-nyJr
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    Hrruca1njjarun, uunepujaHun xycycHJra rap6 ajaaaraapuHra na-
    sopa qapnaH TaApHlreH reHos3yny, Porua r.runepujacurAa ryJ,raapnHr
    69
    F1t r.rcrehca,l vcyJIyHyH, ha.la epauusuu II ecpnHnuqaMHJlsrLHHH couyn4a 6auraaunut
    I 6"horro, uii tiar.,r sr l-t1t-t. Eohpan TyJIAaPJIHT 'Ilax]r.lIn
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    67
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    71
    .-+-iE
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    :. 78
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    @panraapaa VI ecpun coHJIapbIHa jaxsrn uejaala KenMHIrl ltqMa- I

    MapKa HqMa ropnar uy.nxNjjarl.Illl{H axHpuHqu Qoprraacu rau Ey )


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    qarup Ba cruSn Qeo,u,a,r t'lyHacu6atnapn uejaaHa xa,rnp.


    Opaux ucru;ravunapbl ucepucl.lHAa I.IqrI'IMatr Te-
    T:q9.:.-"Tl.l:ilyl: 6aiarauuanus pyu'eiu,rapir <Canux rauyu.na-
    "|llffi, ;:Hj.'#lXlJj pb,r>HAa a3a.r, ahd,rnriuu iuyxraauQ xareropuja-
    JlapH YTIYH myxre,rnrf MIlrlap,4a raH6ahacunuu
    MyejjaH onyHMacbrHAa o3yHy Kecrapup. Caaa agaa Qpaux yuyn rau6a-
    hacu 200, xpar apyxuHaqHlapu (anrpycrnoulap) ra ja xpaa xn4'
    MarnapuHAe oran easxQa"lu uexcJlap yqyH Irca 600 co.nu,4 uau. Ke-
    pyHyp, ncrr.rJIaHbIH xeanlxl.tHAa Qpaux uec.ru a'jau.napu aa Kpa.,I apy-
    x<uriaur,r.napu oa rasuQanu uoxcJlop ryynyHa tapbluMuurAu.2 JapuIu-
    asarJ'rapbrH-Jrrrr.rapru hajaru H c6ereH as urr.4apaa-100 coru,4
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    Ou,rapux hajaru rartjjau rau6ahacu uaa ruyhaQnsa oJ'IyHMypay: ra'
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    OpaHKrapaa.rynqyryFyn rxxnuraQuua lal,rHjannu u[IFanbI Ba
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    pr,r4a. MyQnrcJ'la[IaH a3aA aAaMrap, ha6e,ra lrahramaul.rH xac4ujI.l
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    ,ryia ueepu.rlrparaap. Jlaxux QpaHKnap,Ea ry,'l auajr PoMa_,(esaetflH-
    aa o.rrlyry xxt*ra nctehcaauH acacblHbl re[I(lrJI eTMHpal't. ly;t.rapaau
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    6a,,ra r[urapxHAa x[i.qMorrl[-Hoxap na ja caHarKap-,u.aMllpqlr, 3ap-
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    <Ca,rxx ranyulap[r>HAa caae asaa ItrrIMa Y3Bnapfi urlspncuuAa
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    6y ranyuaapaa Ba 6a[ra VI acp uen6a.nap]IH,(€ oHrapLIH I.IqaplcEHAa
    al,.r;rar'ra6aia.ra tMscnHI,IH MoBqyAJyFy harrunaa Ma'nyMarnap Dap-
    r,Hp. Ey aHlrar Hac[JI y3BnopH apacbllraa ra6ararsuMaHl.I xocrapaE
    I Maptl.c K. t ?flze.tbc @, Cov., l. 19, clp. 497.
    2 hapsoEA ccrtrK raHyHnapH)HAa 6y 6apaao hev Ha xecrepuauup,

    i01

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    aEraaH coHpa hacaprap cel(ynyp Ba rapna eJrrxlue llan oaapHnxacbl
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    aa 6op.u;rapuu ra 6opu reehya.ltapunau jajtr,raurslxu xecrapeu Ir.ra',ry-
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    ruraa ua'aylrar aepap.
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    HIrH aprMacblHa raKaH Bepat{. XJto,4sfir hele acrunagun KeTHIIJHHA]
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    4y. Ouyu BapHc,'roprr HqMarap apacblHAa 6e,rynlreuuru 6yryn 6our
    TopnarJrapbr roapulrJla se6r er4raep. Ey ropnar.nap eonerrep 6yryu
    xaJrrlrH MaJrbr heca6 o;Iyuypay. Hpu ropnar cahn6.repr'rue qeBpHJIMlrIl
    OpaHK KpaJrapbl 6y Qon44ax caxaBerJle es jaxux araMJIapbIIra Ba,
    irlceja rau, cap6acr cyporaa o3KoHLIHKH.[e[IAI.Ipuaen rr,ryaxzjjar (aa-.
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    VI ecpux couy yqyH rppanx uauujjarfiH,(a; [pH ropnar cahr6lapn-
    102
    I
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    Poua xolonaapHHAaIr onaH Irryxe;raeQuj jar.nap aupa eruaja 6oprtay
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    ropnar cahu6rujrrHr.rH aprblMbr xycyo.IJlo KYIInaHAu. Topnar uy.rlrulepx-
    crHH MapKa3Jra[rMecu nHAH raxqo KpaJI 6exuruuaapu HarHqocHHAs ae-
    jn,r, har'a Ae H!NMa ysBnapHHtreH 6np rrcuunxu 4rxapu heca6uua eap- I
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    uy$,nxcaauruacx npocecx 6aruaaxup xx, 6yuylt aa ca6a6u oHrapHH


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    paKrepH AauHjaH <Mapr roflJraHbru]napbr> QopuacuHla 3enQ HErua-
    HaJIapH ra.IMblrx,[br. MepoBHHr,A,oBpyHAa QpaHx r,rauljjaru aha,ucu-
    HnH acac KyrJIacr.IHH heaa asaA ltqMa ygBnapH raruxx.r erguju sauan,
    yuyurr hap6r.r rorxyuJ,rap Aa oHnapAaH n6apar ugt oa 6y saxr <naapr
    TorrJ'rar{burlJraphr>Ha 6yryH jaruau asa4 Qpanx,rap xa.nrip4u.nap. JIi-
    xrr 6y ron,raHuuraap- hap6N .[,eMoKparr.rja aoBpyHyH yrr,ryrr,rxa.rrr. ju-
    FhrHqar.rapr HAaH Qapr,rH olapar, aprbrr, qIAAH 6np cnjacu ehauuj-
    JaTa Ma.rHK AeJUn,[Hn3p.
    105

    ,'.-...j
    I'
    i

    l-

    Mepoeruraap leopyn4e Opalx treoaorr


    ODoEr(,aphrB BtDranrrpEr: I-{8l.qs [naa: 2-XnoABxtrH AoaPYBAe; 3-XnoAaxraeH
    coHDa; ,t-JaDHracHrH BsnaJtrnap Da rYBarrerf, sorran o,lytlLylll roPflarnaP,

    Hpn ropnar cahn6napH rua heca6rauara Mall6yp o.nax Qpaur


    Kpannapbr BaxraubrpH au upn cahu6xaplapuH jHFbIHqaFbIHH qaFbl-
    pnpaHnap xu, 6ypa4a,u,a yMyMAsBrer MacanaJ'Iep[ Mysaxupa oay-
    Hypay.
    feAnu n6ruaax H'{Ma rajAanapbrHbrH Hr-ruraHaJrapr <Dpanx 4eraa-
    THHuH jepn[ naapaqlrnnjuHAe aaha qox raJlMbltuabr.
    fe4nu Qpaux,'rapuu rajQa Aecren€plrH.[aH x6aper oaaH (jy3nyx-
    aep>-6eayxaep laaarjauux [crHnacHH.{aH coHpa apa3lr uHsx6aru
    Bahr{AnapnHa qeBpHJrMnruagnap. Eaha 6ejyx apasn sahH.(HHnH
    -
    rpa(DnbrFbrH n4apevulxjn 6yryx.ryx.ra xpa,ruu ra'jr.rn er4nju oasuQa-
    .ltn rrlexcnrr-rpaQuu eaun.qa uaa. O, rpaQ.nuua 6aur haxnu u,[n ga
    6yryu uahxanra lrepHManaplrHuH yqAaH 6HPHHH Kpan yqyH ronnajHp-
    .qu. <Jys.nyx,rep>aa he,ra 6yryu a3aa aaaMnapErH (malius) xaJrr
    jurxurrar.napu ronraHHPAhr. Ey jurunuarrap, 6aur.nu,,ra oJIapar,
    uahxeua QyHKcfijachrHhr jepnHa jernp p Be cerrr.rJ'rMfiu rrraxcHH-
    <TyHKr.rH>uH caApJHjH Hne Keqxpnn[pat. Jlaxss 6ypaaa aa xpaa ha-
    xuuxjjarxnuu uyvajanaacu-jya6aruu (<cenreuapu>) uurnpax eAnp-
    lo0
    IH. O, jHFHHqraFbrH KeAHurrrHo Ho3apa.r eAup Be aJrhtHaH qapnMongp-
    .U,aH xp-anHH flajHHbr roflnajHp.qbr. OpaHK,,rap hqapHcnHla l,!xTH_
    r{a 1r
    -raoarareuMa ,u,epHHnau,u,[Kqe hsMHH jHFbrHqatnapaa p3h6ap pon
    rrrc6eraH..Dap.[Er Ba HyQy3ny a,[aMnapHi-(paxnu6yprndp>ux' (iac
    hinburgii) ea ja <u.aphanauru a.4aMnaplHH anuHs Keqr{p.(H.
    g3yHyu.u,apa .{aha raM uJeKHJrAe KaHA Ht{MacElHId raluuu.r4H.
    _
    Ey u.,rua KaHI ToflraHr,r[napbrHtra e3yHyn Ba3lloenll lIJsxcJrepIlHII ce-
    q[p, xbrpaa. qfiHaj ar,,lapa Kepa uahraua uuraxe 6axup Ba MapKa aner-
    Jrapr.rHe pHalar oryHMacHHa Ha3apoT earrp.(x.
    X,rorsurxH oFyJrJrapbrHHH 3aMaHHHra rrpH Top_
    nar cahn6,rxjauaH Ba upx topnaruy.rl*irllatrir-
    ""r,i;:n';lTrrro"
    Iourarxn nlpqaraltrl!- napHHl{H xYcyc[ haKITMHjIaTHHHH xyqJIaHMecH,
    c!r. xpa.[ haxnuxjjaTHHHH 3eHoraMacr.rHa KaT[pu6
    qr,rxap,[hr. CaxaserJa ropnar naj.naAuraapu
    yqyH e3 Top[ar MynKnap Ba xernpnapflHHll uyhyu huccacnu,4ax r.reh_
    pyM onaH _Qpaux xpa.l,rapa HpH Toprrar cahu6aaptur.lu MepKa3.(aH ai-
    pu.rua vaha.napxHe rapubr My6ap;3era avls ri,r4uaap. 'Xaoagurrir
    €ryMygtreH conpa Opanx,qeBnarn naprranaxuara 6auraagu.
    IV acpHH coHyg.[aH (DpaHx .[esaerfiHr,ra rapxa6unqa vq Mycreru
    BHnaJarr{_H aJpbrnMachr Ha3epa qapnHp: llapHc MapKe3 oauar.na Hejc_
    lgxja-lIIruar-fap6u f a,r.nnja: Aicrpaiuja-<bpaHK AoBTaTHHHH
    I.Tlrrrra.n-lllapr hrccacu; Pejn ra Maacux ha! nxu 'cahu,ruuaexH ecKu
    Qparx axrajar,rapnHx ahara e.(as_ Eypryialja 6ypryn4.tapun
    r<eqMtlrrr KpannHFhtHHH apa3flcu. VII ecpnx coHyH^4a - xca very6_r5p6-
    ra AKBHTaHUJa ajpbunH. by aepa nrlajar es apanapunra hau aha_
    !,rIHHH erH[K rapKr6HHa Be rqrr]Mafl rypynyu xyiyctjlaraepuna xepa,
    neM_aa eeorannauMa AepelrecHHa xopa QaprraHnp.[Hrap.
    .Opaux ucrx.nactrHHn 6aunaHAhrnu saiaH xi,uay pona;rauruaja
    ranMHtU HejcrpHja.Ea, Hcrfira.(aH coHpa .d', a'trairunu uytryu
    -Ma'py3
    hrccecrxu rauKr.rJ'r e,tlan ra.l.nujaau-pouarblJrap KpannHruH 6iuia
    BnnajernapgnAeH,(aha re3 HcrxnaqbrJlapna-QpaHi.napaa rajuaju6_
    rapH[IraHnap. Eypaaa, aprur, VI acpnH cony-V acpHH aBBeJrlt
    yqyH Hpr.r KuJrca Ba ayujaan ropnar cah[6rrjH 6ejyx ahbvrjjar rac6
    erl[r Be asaA KaH,qJrHJrapHH apaAan ranxMaclr npocec[ cyp'arna xerAu.
    - Oha,lncanuu
    6arura
    acac KyrJrecu $panxaap Bo oHnapaaH acbrJrH oJtau
    rarsr.r a,ruax rajQaaapniaan i6apar oaan, raa.rxja_poxa
    raj.q,anapHHbrH re'cHpHHHH Hca 3ane onAyiy ABcrpasujala'ra 'VIII
    ecpflE eBBarI]He reAap Iaha gpHMITHB nlrruuan rypyayur AaBaM e?-
    .qu; 6ypaaa xlrMa-_MapKa .[aha naHx raFbrnErpahr, xoilia-uapxaja aa-
    xH, oJ'raH ra_hap6n rouyHnapbrH ecacEIHH Taulxur etreH xbtpaa a3aA I
    Topnar cahH6napfi-annorqyrap 6ejyx poa ojHanar4a AaBaM eAHp_ I
    ,unep. JapaHMar,u,a onaH QeoAannap cnHQtI, acacaH, xbrp,[a Ba opra I

    QeoAannap.(aH H6ap€r rIU. Knaca ropnar cahr.r6"lujx 6ypaaa Hijc-


    rpEjaja HHc6oraH gaha sanQ u4n.
    Xupaa_ aral K€HAnxnepa Ba opra MynK cahu6;rapnHa Mexcyc rop-
    nar canflonnJr.r eharHctr raauM anMaHrap"ra rapbrrlrMbuu o,ran (ea_
    naaua 6ypryna;ral Ba Becrrornapna, coHpa uca Qpanxlap.ra) ia.n-
    n[ja-PoMa 4a, hauvuuxn Eypryuauja ra Arstra-iajala ysyn nyl-
    107

    - ,iI
    aer ranabl. Jlaxuu 6yuyllna 6e.ne, opara HpIr ropnar MYIKI€PH, xY-
    cycuna Kflnce,rapa Moxcyc IrpH Topnar MYnKnaPH re Bapabl. A:aa uq-
    ua;rap Hca aprur, VI ecpAa, aeMaK oJIaP KrI, hep jepaa apaaaH rarx-
    MHtUtrH.
    Ev grnaiarnaD aDacbrH,[a urrrrca,{H a,,lara,'Iap 3eHO nAIr, (o aavau
    Hary6an-roc;ppYSat lrynacu6auapn
    -ha.rxnaa hexupau,rur e,4up,u,n) xu, 6y aa
    ou.ni'pun eahi{i a-esrar 6lrp,reulrrlecllHa MaHe o'nypay Opanx
    4erairnnuu flapqanaHMacLIHAaH coHpa 6y rnaajar.napa 6auqulur
    e.4an MeposuHrrap cYnanacHHAoH oJIaH KPaJrnap o3 apanaPblH.{a Yc-
    tynayx y.pynaa i1'6iprce a[apHpA],Inap. Ey uy6apnsa haMux sHra-
    ldruapaSn'hep 6n-pru n aaxu.nunaa KPannapna upl ropnar cahn6-
    lnaDu apacunAa KeltaH apaMcH3 Toll'y[I Ma napJla mypar xa6.ncruupau'
    VI I acpxu coHyHAa-KPaJlnurstx 6ytyu etl.ra jar-
    oaxerrx napr.rHAa0aKrHKuhaxnr'lujjarMajop,[oMflapuH
    ABcrpa3,ja arrg,u.a ran. Oaaa.nap oHnap Kpar'ItiH capal uta-
    ":l:lHT*|" pacuua 6aru.ru,rblr eaeH aa:aQarn usxcreP
    o"pjrlL"o*fp#'"*r. imajordomus-eorn 6ejyjy' capaj racappyQa-
    rHHht llAape e.qaH) uaalap Coupa,rap MajopaoM-
    aap an 6ejyx ropnar cahn6aepllHa qeBpun.{Hnop. KpannbIFLIH a,[br
    varn.naH sr:rajar.napaau heP 6nptttttt 6yryn ll.4apsuu"T njn ou,Tapuu
    aJrHH,U,a qsMJIalxIX sa r'lajopaou jepnlr To!fl ar apHcroKp.arI.IjacHHtrH
    pah6apx oa hap6n 6auqucuua qeBplrn^[[. hap qYp pean. naKuMI.'iJ]3rlr
    urupurur o.rau Meponrurnap cYnanecu KParnapbl MalopaoM'rIa pr'IH
    npaAaclrHAaH achlJlhl onapar ra'jutt o.ltyHyp Ba.raxr,[aH car'lblHblpabl-
    .nip. Oruap MYactrpnapx repaQun4ax cajuasjauaauraa <ap]'IH'{aK
    xpa.r.nap>aara6u an M bltu,u,bll ap.
    687-,{n uJAe Qpanx e'janaapu rqepucuHAa y3yHcYpaH MY6apLsa-
    aen coHpa Ascrpiixja r'ralopaoiry heptrcra.nau flunaH 6yryx <DpaHx
    tesrarHinH I'.ral6paoiry oJlry O, 6yna oua Kopa HaflJI ona 6Hr,B,l.l KI'|,
    KDarJrbrFbrH 6arria hrccalapllHa EHc6araH {eoaallaurua npocecl,HLH
    .ninx xeraxlx Ascrpasujaaa MajopaoMnap ha,ra xrQajar ra,aap uyhyx
    pou ojuajai xupai ,a-opra gi:oaa.naap ra6aracuHa, ha6e,ra xasa'rIl
    iunuxaan oJIaH a3aa a.r.no,u, cahr6.naplHa apxaJIaHa 6saan,lap On'lap
    upu ropnar cahu6#punun re3jttrllHa rapruu r'ay6apuse anapuar' rah-
    xuu.nx ha.runa caJIEHMaraa onaH xoHAnHnapItH MYraBEMarHHtl rblp-
    uar Be jeH[ ToPnarJlap HcrrJIa erMal( YqYH Mepxa3H haxuunijarnr
    rvBBerJraHMecuHIa MaparJIH nas.nep' Ey H![r[MaH te6araaapux uy.[a'
    rdna erarjx Asctpasula uajopaorrr,rlapu 6yryu Opaur aee,norunl je-
    HnAaH es haxrr'lnj jauepu aJITbIHAa 6HP,'I3uu.rpa oHn,4l'L'lep.

    s 2. KAPOJIIHrJIaPnH OPAHK IIIOHAPXHJACbI

    flunun,nap cv Jl a,racu H,lI,a H (hepllcra.r.nu flunu-


    Toprar Myracx6aua- uuu uacal) b;rau Aocrpasuja rr,ra jopAou.rapu
    oE*rrn Ev4eu-r-' 6npaaur u ru, opanx .Eenaetx
    hexr'raap.rapu o'na -
    "Xli,l'i'XJjJnI;"1"' pai ieHu QpaHK Kpanrapbt cYJIanacHHEE 6aur'
    JraHFbrqbrHbr roj,(ynap. Ey cy,raaa coHpanap o3YHYH oH 6ejyX uyna'
    jeHgecrnuu-Eojyx (pa,run a,4u ula I(apo.rluHrJlep cY,'lsJlec aa,'IaHALI'
    108
    ' I(apornuuap (flnnnuaap) HacJllrnuu rynajaxaaaepu <Dpaux 4er'
    aarunu, VII acplrH coHyHAaH IX ecpuu oPranaplJna roaeP, aBBenqe
    <epxHlNoK xpannaPlrrH 3aMaHbrH,u,a MajopaoM caQarn uaa, 751-rtu
    r{JrreH coHpa uce r<pan KnMn fiaapa eraunap. @panx xparlurblHblH Tar
    pnxnrrae 6y roBpy, aasraH, KaponuHr aoBpY aaJlaHAr,Iphlpnap.
    KaporHHrnepuH haruur.rjjaru AoBpyHre Qpanx varvujjarllHAa ar-
    pap rayuacn6eraepae qeBpr.rnn[ 6aur Bepan ru,6y aa Qeoaanfi3M ry-
    pyayury japanuacunus 6aura qarMacErHa xarupu6 vuxapau. Ey uea-
    plrJrnuna ruahujjarn HlIMa aaxfinHHAe HqrHMaH Te6aranaulMa he-
    ca6HHa, e3 arnoAyHy LITupepaK Talpnqna acHJIH a.(aMnapa, coHpa
    nca rahxur'r.lru KeHAJIuJIape qeBpHJIaH 23oa xeHAJltl-I{rrIMa YsBY KYTJa-
    ,lapr{HnH uyQ.rrcaaruuecn heca6Hsa HpH ropnat MY,lKujjaruHsu cYp'-
    erJra aprMacHHAau u6apar uAn. ha.la Meponnnr,rapun BaxrHHAa
    6au,'raHMbru 6y npocec VIII-IX acpJ'IepAa qoIxFyH xapaxrep anAH:
    6y npocec Hpll ayHieBlr Ba KHJlca ropnar cahx6.nap[H[IH KaH,[:rllnapnH
    naj ropuar,rapuuu 6xp6arra ga6r eruacu HarullsclluAe cYp'ar,'IaHAH.
    hau on.nap, hanr aa aurapnaplr 3opna, huj,ra ula na ha4a'ropxy u;la
    HqMa Y3BIapHHHH ropnarJIapLIHtl e3 anJ'IspHHa reuupllpAa.lep. KenA-
    rxlapr.r hap6u uyxa,raaQxjjarn jepuua jerupuax YqYH racappYQar- I

    raH ajpblnaH uahajarcns aaxnrH Ba xapuux r'lyhapu6a,rap, ha6e,ra


    rcs-reg 6aur BepaH rblT,'Iblr LIJIJIapH Ba aqNrblr,'Iap Aa KeHAJIH,'IopHH
    My$nxcnarrlMacaHe ra'cfip KocreptlpAl.I. KaHA.rn ropnaru aFa ropna-
    FbrHa qeBpnJII{p aa jaxuu ha.naa rejuy Be ja 6trjapa uuxuar uyra6u-
    .nnnra jenl.I.[au xeqr,.rxru cahn6.rapI,rHe-KeH,(nHJIapa eepnlapau. Kaxa-
    JTHHHH o3y Hca a3aa ropnar cahu6xuaau 6y Be ja atrKap rapauo,u,o
    acbrnbr- aaaMa qeBpfinnpaH.
    VIII acpun aBBaru ytryH <Dpanx .reraerunaa, aprblt", 6np-6xpxue
    Ayuuax o.lran uxrr ta6ara japanuuurau: 6rpxn'lncu-f aa,'luja-Po-
    Ma Bo raJl[M aruaH MaHu]aJIH lrptt ropnar cahn6.napu. On.napun vox
    hnccacu es ropnarrapblHa uaprcH3 xycycu uy.nxajjar (aalo4) hyryry
    rue cahu6 u,qruep. ByHa KePa .u,a MaPKa3u haxuunjjare uynacu6erAa
    gxc6ereg MycratHn Itrflnep Be qox Baxr oHa raPrxIJ e,rae cu.lah,ra
    qtrxbltrl ealtp,ll,tnap; HKlrHqHcH-aprur, 6y Ba ja anKep rapallaAa acbl-
    Jrbr oJraH KaHArunap n4nrap. OuaapuH roprlar uy"'txujjaru jox xaH. -
    JauagHr.napu roprtarnapaa ropnar uyaxnjjarul,rapu rapaQxHAaH
    HcrlrcMap onyHyplynap.
    Ey acuau aaaMnapHH uyhyrrr hnccacx la;rauja-Por''ra rynJlapbl'
    KoJroHnapH, a3aAJIbIFa 6ypaxHnMblIIJnapbl, ra,u,HM anMaH rynnap[J Ba
    anr.repriru Hacfl.IIJIapH n4r. Ey xareropHjanap apacHHAaKEL Qaprnep
    raapuqna KeraHKr{3 aaha qox cEnHHHpJll'L JIarnu Qpaux 'lamljjernH-
    qoxny
    .u,a 6y qrxMaII re6eraaapaa jauaruu aha.nuHnH KHQajar roAsp
    apanbrr rpynnapH aa Baplbl; xaH,(JIn Tun[HAaH OnaH XHpAa Ba OpTa
    aaaoa cahir6aapu, ha6ela rucMeH acbIJIH aaaMnapHH aMajHH.lI,eH Hc'
    uQa4e e4upgli;rap. Ee'sax, oHnap anJlo.qna jauauru Qeo'4a,r runuu-
    raH oJIaH, Oeorar recapYQar cHcreM[Ha jeHI.Iqa xeqMo]a oaur''IaMH[r
    iopa" .ahri6*uplap (xupaa sorquna cahr6n apt-xotpOa nytxadap'
    lap-xypcns 6H3HMAHp. - rapv.) KEMIT BorqHHanaPAa xblpaa ropnar
    MYnKnepHHa cahu6aux eaI',IpaHnap.
    ' VIIi-IX acpnu esea,r.ltapuHxH arpap qeBpunflu] npocecun4a :uahe
    109

    j
    6y apalur ra6araaeprn cr.nnnu6 apaAaH raJrxuacu heca6uua Qeo-
    aanE3M r{oMHjjoTHHHH ACaC CnHHQnOpH, o qyMJraAaH aCHJTH KaHAn[-
    .rep cnHQI,I japaslu. tDpanx ueuljjarHHHH ltllrrMaH rypynylryHAaK[I
    6y npa.rr.raue,rep hepucra.n,rsr flunxsas saprcnHau-ua j op,{oM Ka pn
    Mapre,rarx cHj acarfiHr.r uyajjaa er4u.
    715-vu n,raau 741-'{n uraAax (haurH u,rr Aa Aaxgn onMapra)
    hoxulapaur e.aan I(ap.n Mapre,r.n (<Toxuar>) es harrutjjartua
    r(pannhtrAaKbr .(axx,'rH I.tFTI.Irrraulapu 6onuar.[aH 60xlaaAll. Kapr
    oHa rapuu ycjaHa rarxMtru Hejcrprja Qeo4a.l.napuHu, coupa
    uca Axuuranuja Ba npoBaHc hepcor.napuuu e3u6 PejHHH o rajurla-
    Kr,r r.rTaaTAaH qr,rxMbrrr ra.{r{M aJrMaH Ta joanap HHa-caxo.rapa rppna-
    Jrapa, aJleMaHnapa,6aBapnapa rapuru hyrlyrvra KeqIH Be oHnapH je-
    HrraaH 6aq sepuaja r'rau6yp er.ln. I(ap.r Mapre,r,r 732-ua a,rraa flyar-
    je jaxux.ruruu,qa, han.reanun BypyuMa,[a, ope6ropu uar.ny6 erlr;
    ape6nap VIII acpuu eBBaJrHH,u,e HcnaHxjauu urxFaJr eafl6 720-su lan-
    .[e qlaHy6n la.r.nxjaja coxynMyru, (DpaHx .lesraru y.ryg rah.ryxa ja-
    . parMbruraunap. Opa6,rapa rapubr My6apn3alla QpaHK arnbr rouyH-
    naprr 6ejyx por ojHaaburap. Opaux.napun flyarje j axuH.rruFuHAaKbr
    ra,ra6acN apa6.napru Aspona4a [paJrr.rJraMocuHr.rH rapublcHuH caxJla-
    .qu. epa6;rapru aJrr.rHra, HHAu auuar r{auy6u la.n,rnjauun KlrqHK 6Hp
    hnccacx-Ha p6oHH r.rna CenrxMaHnja rarAH,
    @paux roBJrarHH.Ea Qeo,qar vyHacu6er"rrapr.rH I-IH HHKHuaQbr Qeoaan
    I
    -uylxwj jau OopMana pbrH.(a .u,ej fi ut,tKnu K e,u,r,! Macfl HH Te,ra6 eaxp,(H.
    ,l A,r.nog r,ay,'rxrjjaru es jepuuu aaha jerxrH Qeorar MynKr-rjjerr.r Qop-
    t
    t. , MacbrHa BepMarr.r fl.q,x. llaMHjjorEH HKlr 6apbruMa3 cnHQe ajpsr.nuacur
    I
    hyryrx 'laharaau rac6rr o.nynua.rn, 6y, es HQaaacnHr.r HcrHcMap ony-
    HaH KeHIJTU KYTnanapHHHn cu,rxx hyryrcys.rryFyr{,{a TanManEI f,,qu.
    I
    Aprur uyQ.n Nc.'rauMH [r a3aa KeH.[JI unap Hr{ rrryhyru haccacxuuH, roruyH-
    .ua hap6u xnAMar yqyH Ma.[aH Bacahrn onMaALIFbrHa xepa hep6r.r rya-
    Baneplt acacJrbr cyparaa ieHr.laan reurKrzJr erMaK MecaJrac]r raplrbl.Ea
    l Aypypay. Kap.r Mapre.n.nnu 6eueQxca rc,raharu aejr,rau nc.naha-
    I

    rbrHHH HqrrMaH aauxnu uehg 6eae n.u,u. hauuR nclaharuu uahuj-


    I jaru 6ynaax a6apar xlr xn, Mepoounrrap saMaIrHHAa ycryHnyK
    l, tilaurxul e,raH raM, Ixaprcx3 nryrrujjar (a,raoa) KHMLI ropnar
    r '6axurrur,rapu BepI.IJIMecx r'ryra6x.nusae 6y flcnahar.tl,aH coHpa
    i- ropnar 6axuruur Bepx,rMacx cucreuu 6eneQncn (benef ieium-hep<peu
    <aa Tyrxa>) QopMacHHAa [JeprH Topnar uyJtxtjjarn BepHnMecH Ktt-
    uu 6urxss QopMaja ryuryp Be xeuuur jajsraupau. Eenerlncx uyaijan
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    rauaja) aa.4rpasK re'c[p aa[pacHHa ,[yu.4y.
    baBap[JaHHH 3a0r onyH acbr Kap.rru VI acpaa flaunouujara Mej-
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    3-rrprrp
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    ?-1L:ln ; 6y M a pr6a.rap Qpa ux,ra pa es h apax'erurapx u.4a


    -6_1'." ",[bI HnaYh6np.nauruajHHve
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    rlrpMaAfl . XopyraH xujaau Bojnouapun 796-,;u'r.nAa'


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    8' It5
    I
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    caJtbrHAbr, Ou.napuu ysyu salraH rorxyHJrapbr lahuera canaH .EeBrar-
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    Eojyf, Kpan
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    neplrjacuua jaxbrHraubrpabl Ba oHyH KLIMH os rapxu6rlne MyxranuQ
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    rl-IO raiQa Be xanrnapbr AaxLrJr erMI{rxALr.
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    raqbl6 oHa cbrrr,rHAbr. Kap.r nanaja e'ru6ap.nu Myhaonsa Aacracs
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    Jrbrr aJraMarH oJrapar [ana 800-uy u.nun axHpbIHAa PonaAa uyranaec
    fljorp co6opyu4a QpaHK KparbrHblH 6aruuna nuneparop ravur roj-
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    Topraphr o3JrapnHll KohHa PoMaHHH jexaua sapuc,rapx heca6 eanp-
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    .[,brJrMacbrHa jeHarMHUraH. Ilft.rua.n-lap61a EperoH, uauy6-raP6aa Hca
    Idcnauxia MapKaJrapbl japaAbhAbl. Vratujaaa tppauxlapuu uexy6
    capha4aapnuu Eueanc rtayar.napuno rapubt japblMacbl'IH EeneseHro'
    hepcornyny ropyjypry.
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    hsucephaa a4uaap. lllnua,raau Mapxe3u Aapona4axu @uaua aar,ra-
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    onyn caphaarapxgAaH xapuqAe ao 6ojyx uyQysa r'raarx zgg. Hr.i*ttr-
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    gulap. lllorlaxla jaxslH na Hcnauuja MapKacbr rina roHlry oJran


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    .4axr.rrrr 3auQnljH Ba AaBaMcr,r3JrbrFbr,4a KH3,raHUpgu. Hcru.lalap jo-
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    MIrjjarH anrblHAa ony6 KeqMllx la.n;raja epasxcHHAa jauajaH raj-
    rpalap aa xanrnapna (6ypryu4"lap, arauraunj aau,rap oa 6.) janauu
    6ejyr Kapr HMnepnjacblHa caKcnap, rfpna.nap, 6aBapnap, aneMaH-
    nap, rypr-rHrnap, rauro6apl;rap, fa.nrxja aa HralxjaHun xeuuuur
    Pova eha,rucunnH raJrbtrJrapbr, 6acKrap Ba Harappa caK{HJrapH, ruc-
    MeH xopyraHJrap Ba aBapnap, nahajar, Dperon MapKacbrHAaKH Kenr-
    ,'rap (6Purrapnx HacHnraPH) ,(axtln HAHnap.
    Eyryn 6y rajQanap Be xanrnap Qeoga.ruauuu uyxre;raQ nuxn-
    uaQ nHrnac H,Ila ony6 HlrlrcaaH qaheraaH 6np-6flpH Hns 6aFrbr ae-
    jH",IaH aa ajpu-ajphl annnapae aaHHuHpablnap. Sxap IX acpxH eBBaJru
    yryu laa;rnja Bo Hrannjaaa MacKyr{JrarnMHul OpaHxnap, .rauro6ap.[-
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    nap, aJreMaHnap Be rypuHrJrapaa Qeoaa.n.raurua npocecnHuH 6aua
    qarMacuHa haae qox rarMhrrxAbr. Caxcrapa oa Qpus.napa xe,rar.rKAa,
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    Hnnepnjanun AaBaMcH3JrbrFErHu 6up aa 6y aprHpbrpahr xH, HcrH-
    Jarrbr QpaHKrap onyu rapxu6nnge oJIar{ xanrflapblH eKcapHiiarHHa
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    I
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    s 3. KAPOII{Hr AeBneT H.4a oEoaAn


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    harra o loBpyH Kpan Kannrynjapunepx (QapvaH.napu) 4a rac4tr
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    onyHMaJlapr'rHAau ururajar e.[Hpnop; jenncxonaaplaC m, A66ariip-
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    -
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    I Maprcc 3. n Saeetoc @. Cos., r. 25, crp. 353,

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    l'
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    t24
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    I MapEc K. u Saeetoc @. Cos., r. 21, crp. A4g.

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    on,u,yFy xecrapl,rup. 848 sa 866.,lbr HrnopAa Malni *;,1


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    Jepnn t-raapa opraHnaPHHa <heKMAap eJrIt-IJIoP11> {missi-gominici}
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    L
    ;.
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    3-4 uauclax a3 oJIMala- ^i:-
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    xl'aMer
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    #;";;'d;r;;' ii"i;;t;;;"
    qu Hos6aae ropnar naJH' aaarau,
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    '- 6y r.rcuraueraa KeAI.IPAH. -


    1.,
    Kapo,raHr HMfiepHJacbl oxp epKaH Qeo'ua'n
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    !
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    Bs
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    jarbrpHpaEnaP.

    E: 128
    I
    .1.
    ': l.*r.
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    xMrtepxjtctaEul
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    FHJrMacbt t-l.lIa Harr.rqNaJaEAH. Ha reaap xr, Qpaur
    Qeoaq"r'1apu, xycycaH xhrpra Be opra QeoAanaap ra6araCx-6eieQu-
    cu cahu6.napu xpa.n haxuurjjaruuu uy]raQua eAi.rp.u,l-l, au'{ar o 3aMarr
    urrncaAx Ba erHuK 6ultjr o,ruajan uyxraluQ Taj+a Ba xaJlrJlapbru
    KaponHHrnapuH haxHruxjjaru aJlrbrHAa MyBarrerH oaapar 6up,r-au-
    arlpHnMacH MyMKyH urrr. IX acpun opranapbrHa lorpy N:vrnepnjaxurl
    QeoAarnartrMacr,t rrpocecx, acac e'ru6aprna 6aua qaiauraa ucj rpeo-
    ,u,a,,l.,rr ap br H lrepxast ha xlu l j jara uyu aca6orfi Acj x rxry.
    Hpx $eoaaaaap, aprur, aeMar{ onap xu, uipxasa haruunjjaraau
    acu.ru 4ejualu.rrep; oHJrapHH oaccaa.rapura xbrpaa Ba op-
    ra Qeoaa,laa,p AoBJraraH 6aurvucuulai _ -uedpa.ran 4aha uox upu
    Topo_ar caha6r€plr Hna anaraAap Hlunap. -Kap.raau Kaag,rH,rap, aprbrr, acac
    e'ru6apt.na rahxHtr,qH ha;ruua caausuuuauaap. Auqai }rahaaag
    xapaKrep laurujaH xaxa,ru hapaxauapbr Bacca;rbrr arii"r"pu n.ne
    6arlu oaaH .Qeoaa.n.,lapus es ryena,rapu a,ra jarupu,rupa"'Aaiy-
    pa;r recappyQaruu hoxupauaurrl urapirruuaa 'Kapb.nuu r.rap geoae-
    rx,ra6ya o.lapar 6rp cupa laha Kaqt,rK cujacH sahuaaapa rapqaJraH-
    MAJTH HAII.
    Eejyx Kaplsu oFr'ry Be Bapl.rc , KHrcaja MycracHa
    Aapaqa,4a !NaE-
    aHJraaH caanr oJlMaclrHa sa oHa caxasaiae daxu.rzur,rat'
    xepa <Me'uux> nere6x anMbru JlyAosur, 1a Il_-al*q *aprur, BepMec[He
    gl7-
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    apacuuli O"ry.AibAy; e3 aJrnH-
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    g_enly",r.ap 6arx Bep.(x r{H, 6y ag-yiy! .yp'i-rpu
    ::!:_j-.ii
    oenapu Ba Hr-rtruauua-pn_a Helrqe,,raH.(H. Hitrilar,'tvfe,r,,riu Mynap,-
    .oupa, 843-uy HrrAa oHyH Bepaeiaa ,onaiurMbux oFyrr-
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    napH [xnepEiaHHH jeHuaaH_ 69ry*,qypyrnr""n harruu4a MyraB[Jre
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    ""plrrarGo epaHcbr3,
    aJruaH Ba HTaliau xa.nr.rantruun jilu,,r1uiu apar'nir-ryir",i,ir.
    narn,
    EyHa xope la Iiepaeu *ryriar,nacr,
    eaxrlxfi oraDar. faD6n sa Mrn-
    r€sn- ABponaurrH yq Myacnp aoBraruHHH opaHca, aiuainia,
    JaHHH ecacbrHH roiMyur ornv.
    uiiii_
    Bepaeu ruyrarriaSctrna x'epa III_e,raa, Maac sa poHa qaj,lapbrHAa[
    rap6a aorpy oaau ropnar:rap _ f9pO1 Opr"* - *purr"lu,
    Jl_yaonnrux xxqH( oFry .4as, ,e"ao.in'k.;;;';;ril: Mo,urn
    ii";'";;;
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    offi:
    :11yI- "!r"coHpaJ,rap -acacsrHla,
    Illlrlru,
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    QpaHchr3 ,rlx,ruHt H aypu,
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    fffnp'l
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    opX11 ji- rrl?, r u'ri"' 6u,ruar.
    DepaeH MvraBunaclna ecacaH nMneparop _rfiTy.nyuy
    *iL-_^"llI nbrap caxnaaH. Oryn aesiarn' _Hra.,inl'a, 'naJlyaonnrna
    Oeaa pe;n
    ooJy_ mpnanr ap brH4au u6apar,tal. Jlora puu
    Hunepr.ll acul ryrraau6
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    r6aper
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    as-rox sahua'6rp rair' ln.rar'liiaaHia xrx
    x!r, oypa Aa conpanap uraajan xa.lruuuH gorguH oaAy.
    6H3A HC.rlA OEOIIAJT rrIYHACI{ EATJIOPH H I It
    MEJAAHA XEfl MECI{ BE OOPITIAJIAIIIIIIACbI
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    S r. EI{3AHC rv_tx aCpHH E pt.lHrrNll JApbrCbtHAA.

    _ Poua xunepnjacuuun IV acpAa IIIapru poua


    ,*n#:l:,,,_ xunepnl acu' a'a r"p 6;. p;" ;-;;"n"f,n'j'acu aa a; _
    japir:racu. 'l phUIMacH (Jvb-r{H xn) HarHqacHHna MycTarHn
    .{sg,rar xnuu Qoplra.naruaH ENgaHc (IIIairu po_
    ua uunepujacu) -caHar[H Be rHqaperHH HKnuaQ caatjjaorua,-ruahap-
    Jrapr{Hr1H sanxxH,rtjHna, ua'Hanu uaaaHajjaruH caaajjacuna xepa fai-
    6u Poua HMnepujacHHAaH. ycryH rl.(1. Por,rau!u cyiyry sa uunepuji-
    HltH urrHcaat Bo MaaaHlr hajar rr.rapxaanuaH lllapna reqr"recx n.na po-
    Ma .4_o_BJIerrHrrH clljacH MapKa3rl 4a 6ypa xou4y. Huneparop I(oucran-
    ruH 330-vy u.naa EocQop cahx,r.napxnAaxu raAHM Merap MacKaHHHH-
    -ouyu
    BnsaHrHxr{ uxnepujaja najraxr er,qn. Jeuu najraxr acacxuu
    rojaHbIH a.(H u.ra Koucrasrnuoflon arnagAbrpH.nau. Koscraurnuono-
    JryH najTaxra qeBpr{JlMacrr ruahapun oJrBepHrlJrH sesajjaru uaa risah
    onyHypAy: Anponaaau Acujaja ea fapa AanngAas Exej aaHNsnua xe-
    .uau an uyhyt'r ruuapar jo,raapu 6ypaa xauruupan. lllahap, ejHx 3a-
    l.taH.u,a, haM rypyAaH, hau 4a g,annsaan uox jaxuru uehxav.naH.u,upu.lr-
    uxur hap6u-crp arexr.r MepKa3 trAH.
    Epxan 4oopae Eusauc nunepujacu rapxr6nua Eanxau japuua-
    racu, Krqur Acuja, Cypnja, tDa.nacrau, Mucup, KuperauKa, Meco-
    nora,vajanr,rn ra EpmanncraHsrx 6up hxccecx, Kpur se Kunp a.la,ra-
    pbr, KpHMAa (Xepcouec) aa faQras4a (Kypvycrauaa) 6up cupa
    4ajar rrreurara.napfl, Apa6[craHbIu 6a'sn pajou,rapu, V acpAau nca
    kltntpuja aa .II,a.n rrr acu j a aaxun uall. Hunepujauuu ropflarnapblHra
    rrryxre,,rnrf rai +anap Ba xanrr ap : j ynan,rap, QPq rcnj aalaap, finnnpH-
    j aiu.nap,' nairii a.nriaap, er JlttHI.I3Ma yFpaMHIIr Knuur Acuj a rai t[ara-
    -pn
    (ucinpnap'ea 6.), iypujanunap, epMaHl{nap, KYplIYnap, jahyaurap,
    ionrrap j ama jupau"tlap. E.n,ruuraurua Ba poMaJIa[IMaHua ta'clpnHa
    acacan- ruehap eha.nncu ua'pys ra.n,u,u. EugancuH qoxJly rajOa-Ba
    xanrnapH jePnH aHnnapHHH, aaar,rapnHH, MsAaHXjjArnep[Hu ropyjy6
    cax.,la.uiraap. JlarnH jyHan.nap xMnepnjaHHH PaHKapeHK aha;lncn
    nuapllcuu,ua haxuu uesre ryrypayJ'Iap Ba jyHaH g,u.lu xeuuru jaju.n-
    l.: " MIIIXJIH.

    ki.'
    l+j
    130

    - -.-:l;tt:.ri;**.
    -
    Ersauc uunepnjacu uyxra.rurQ ',lyp ra6uH
    IV-YI ecpraple
    Engancltll arpap
    -
    nBM rxspattTr,r o.nau eunajerlepn ahara e4rp,qu.
    rypyryury. Cahua6ojy pajox.napuH jyr.ruar, 6a'su jepaap-
    ,qa cy6TpoaHK HrnllMtl Talputula, oJrKaH]rH [tre-
    pfi naptrH3 aoFpy xeT,a,HKtra aaxHIH BH,rajaT,'IapHH KOHTEHeHTaJT IttJtH-
    MHHa_ qeBpHnHpAu. JyHanucrau Ba KnqxK AcujaHun, Maxeaoriu.iaxuu
    6up-_huccacxuru 1ar pe,r jerpu Opaxr.rj a ra <Deccalnj a1a (Ea.rxirHga)
    sa lIIuMartl Atppuxaaa KeH[rrx Ay3aHnJpne aBo3 oJlyHypAy.
    Hr',rnepuj aurru apa3flcr raAIrM ar{lrH qHJTHK r'laAaunj j.rrx eJrKan.. puHri
    ahara e.(rrpAu. Enp uox nt.najar,lap-la oK Hqrr.rrK xexxur jajuluuur-
    au. lllepr aja.nar",rapuHau, xycycuJro Mucap oe Cypljauuu KaHr recep-
    pyQarbrHAa cyH'H cyoapMa MyhyM por ojuajuplrl. Yeyuuyayx ao sej-
    ryu jetrur4upu.luacn, 6aruu.rur (uauy64a oe .,rexy6-ruaprae xyp-
    Ma aFa'.uapH) qox HHKHTIaQ erMnuaH; rexuxxs 6urxn.lap- (KaraH
    Ba c.) ,lla 6e'{ep[pAnrep; ManAapJrbrr HHKIIuaQ erMlrrxA[.
    IIIaprx Porua HMnepHjacbrHHH nrlrnMar.r-Hrrr.rca.D,x xnxuuraSun.4a
    6Hp cupa uyhyu xycycnjjaraepn rej,a erMaK o!,rap. SnpNuuucn
    KaHA racappyQarHnHH rar{a33yJl araMarJ'rapfi 6yp.la fap6a sHc6aras -
    aaha xerr ar{lrar VI acpnu coHyHAa htlcc o,'ryH]raFa 6auuaau. Hxuu-
    qH xycyc -jjsr, fep6Aau Qapr.ru o,rapar, J,rarHoyHtruja rnrJrr.r [pr{ rop-
    nar cahfl6nnjriHHH HHc6araH a3 Bo J'raHK r.ruKHUaQbr r-ttr.fi. Hpr.r ropnar
    MyrxrepH, 6aruru,,ra onapar, HMneparop xa3HHacnHa Maxcyc HAH. HM-
    flepaTopa Maxcyc TopnarJrap 6yryH HMnep[ja 6oj"vuva canaaanuuur-
    ,4u. EpKeH ExsancAa xlrJrca-MoHacrbrp ropnar cahn6,'l[jl,Iuxn 4a xej-
    JIl.r HHKH[rao erg,xjn uaaapa vapnup.
    Ensaucus arpap rypynyuyxyu 6r.r p xycycHjjaru ga asa.{ xeHAnH rop-
    nar cah[6nHjHHHH Ba HqMaHbIH xeunru jaju,nltacH ec IV-VI ocl-irap-
    aa 6ynJrapbrH poJrynyH aprMacu san. Agaa KaH,{nH Toplar caht6nH-
    jn aa nvuaaap !,yuajerpaQu B[rajarnapaa, <Dparrjaga, Maxerouu-
    jaaa, KurHx Acujauun MapKa3H BHJI ajarJr splln,a,a YCTYHJ'I, K TaUKI'IJI
    eaEpAH. 6r{3aHcaa KaHAJTH HqMacblHblH aH KeHnu jajHJMbII-I THBIi
    <MnrpoKoMHiar aanaHaH roHurynyr uqMacH HIli. Ey uvualap rrvnx
    mp[ar cahanapHr{a MarIrK onaH KaHAJlr,rap[ 6Hp.ralxaHpHpln. Kasa-
    Jrr{nepnH haunu ropnar caheaapune xuQajar raaap KeHIru MYJTKHj'
    j:rr hyryr,rapu Bapabl. KaH,ure y3yHMy,u.u,ar,lh ur{apaja-eMQfl reB3H-
    ca ir,o racaaYQ onyHypay. EuQuressuca HMfleparop ropnarnaPblH.u,a,
    ha6e.ra xnaca ropnarnapblrraa xycyc[,,ra re3-Te3 pacr KanMeK onypAy.
    A4aren asar raxAnllnap, 6a'seu Npu roP[ar cahu6JlaP[ aa eMQHTeB-
    3Hc xerYpYprYnap.
    fya auaju Eneancun xeua raceppyQaruHa,a lap6aa orl.(yly raAep
    6ejyx poa ojHaMaca aa, oHAaH, aeMaK o"qap xn, 6yr-yn Kareropuja-
    JraPAaH oJraH roprrar MYnIGj jerrlfirapl,nl-IH raceppytpar.napHHAa Ec-
    rlriDaAe onyHypry. fynqynyFyH aH xeH]Iu jajbuablFH BllnajerneP Jy-
    HaHbrcraH, Kuvux AcujaHun rap6 h[ccactl, Cypnja, Mucup, I(upeuarra
    uau. IV-V ecpnepae EnsaHcbrH xen.q racappy$aruula ry,'IJIapEE
    auajnsaas acac ucmQa4a r[opnacu ognapa nexyJru tpopuacunaa rop-
    tra r [apqa cbr Bepr{nMacn[,u,au u6apar oray. Iy.n.rIapurn rcrEcMapblE,tla
    6y Qopuauun r(eHnrrr rar6trr onyHMacbr Ergasc.qa ryuapnhlr rypyny-
    rlry 6ehpaHHHHH ro'clplHr{ 6up reaap JroHxHraLI.
    9r l3l'

    -i: -': - r t
    fap6a xnc6arau EnsaHcaa KoJrouar (3.vy Qecre 6ax) aa xeunu
    xrdacaa jajEuAbl. VI acp ranynaepu'ru.nnjn Eusauc nunepujacu
    ryrrnapHHbr HKn acac Kareropnjaja ajHpHp: a3aarap - xeoprnaP Be
    <rahxnu eAI{JIMHrlrnep) enanorpaQ.nap (aa ja a.(cKp}rrlrxcuJlop ).
    -
    Keopr,rap hyryrx. vaher.ran a3aa.aAaMJIap heca6 onyHypay.lap.. On-
    JtapHH 03 MynKnjjsrnHAo en.napr, hejar.naplr, aBaaaHJlblftlaPu, hejoan-
    Jrapu Ba herra upu ropnar cahu6unaaH ullapaja anaHrnapu mpnar-
    ua jauaruu egnapLIHHH, aaaraH qox aa 6ejYK o.ruajan xYcycu ropnar
    napvarapu aa onypay. EHanorparp.nap heq 6np MYnKHjjer hyryryua
    uarnK aej[na[rop. AFa ropnaFErHAa jaurajblp, hauuu ropnaru 6up
    najaa ola-par, onyn arariun aBaAaHnbIFbl lt.na 6euapupAx-lap. Ott-
    Jtap ara MynKyHyH -Bepx[ ceH3nHa enaBa oJryHMylI]ay,rap. VI acpae
    xojronaapui s5sujleru nHcJIaurP. Macales, rsKqs eHanorpaQnapbltt
    4ejna, xeopraapus aa arular hyryr.napuu,lau MahpyM e,llunMaclr npo-
    ceit,l xe.qup. Aiha asaer KonoHrap ropnara rahxun onyHMylurynaP.
    Koaou.lap'ropnaraau ncrnQaaa naYia6rliuula araja Harypa n'ne (ruah-
    cya.na),64'sau Aa rIy,'IrIa uyajjau oepxu,lap BepHP Be oHyH YqYH qe,il
    f,rrlnapr.r KoPYPAYnep.
    ErieaHcuH arpap rypynyuyHyrr e3yHeMaxcycnyFy xejan aaag
    -
    KAEANII KYTJIOC}IHIIH B3 KSHAJIII HINMACbIHHH TAJIMACH, KOJIOH TEIH BE
    neHynH Bep[nMaKna rynqynyFyH xeHHu jajuauacur urapr ajaaar-
    6ejyx nmHcaAr.r AypyMa MaJIHK o!'rMacbrHlaH-
    aapuuu_n_ erpf uapr oJr-
    ay se Illeprae rynAapnbrr rypyrryuryHyH 6ehparuuu, oHli cyryryHy,
    coupanap uce Qeo4a,raaruua npocecrHx 4a r'lyajjan raaep IaHKHTAH.
    ,tahmreD..ner IV-VI acpaapaa Enganc, har.lu 6.rapar, ,rue-
    -;;1;.:b;;'-' hap,rap e.nxacu heca6 onyHypay Ba ceHerr{H, ru-
    !{aparnH EHKrllraQ caaujjacnne xepe fap6u-ery6
    ^-
    KeqMtrruAH. 3enxuu 1euup, rbl3brJr, MHc, rrraprlrap ehrujaraapu ue'aau
    lurnapr.rHr.rH Lrxttt,tuaQbrHa, cr,rah canar Ba KaflA racappyQaru yvyx
    aaer.rap ncrehcanHHrJH aprMachrHa reKaH BepHpAu. Tuxnsru rexsu-
    xacbr, [ylrro Bo roxyqyJryr, xycyceH qox sepur[ xaraH Ba jyH napqa
    uctehcaau, VI ecpaen rco Hrrax napva ucrehca.nH roKMr.rnnaunpAu.
    fap6la ruehep.rapnn roHa3syn era[jn aeBpao Illapr,qe on.nap casar
    Ba rxqaper Mapr(asnopn xrMr.r HHKnruaQ erMaxAa ,4aBaM eaxpAunep.
    Ou,rapxu HtlopIacltH,4a 6npxuun jep KoucraurunonoJra Moxcyc uAIt.
    Ouyu e'uaaarxananapbrHra uahup caxerxap.rap an sapuQ 3[rHar uej.
    aapu hasupnajupau,r ap. Hunepxjauux najraxru 3epKapJrapnH
    pajlapuu ga ua'6aaraprn .{nBapJrapbrHbr a'ra uogauxa nna 6ageutut - ca-
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    TBqaper[H HKuaorrHa KeMoK eaEp.[tt, Eyryu epren oPTa scpJteP 60'
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    I Mopxc K. A Sflzetbc @., Col., r. 20, crp. 105.

    t38
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    caJr KnJrca Maaha6r.rHnH reperf4apu npaoocJraB n4luap. flpacuu-
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    pbrH I l-Ia Konctautxsono.nyH qblablp Mej,u,aHHHAa qHxhlluH a.la 6aru-
    .lrasAu. Jlarsn re3rlr(Jla BeHerJIapHH 6up huccacn aa <ja[utbuaP>a
    rouynay; hap uxu naprnjaHHH a[IaFbI KYrnanapu 6up.laru4u ea nep'
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    flcre'Qaja q[rxMacbtnH Tana6 eraHnap. Ycjauvu.rrap a'jaHaaprrx ea-
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    pakar xiriupaxvuaapu apacuf,aa nxru.naQ 6arunaHrH. <Mannaepr
    iraprnjacuulan oJIaH acuJl3aaanapxu 6xp hnccacl xanr KYTnanePHHHtl
    qbrxbuublHAalt ropxy6 yciau,[aH v3,lloHAapllt-r. JycrluauuH cepKep,(a-
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    oi ra6;M-fd'rrZ?i-MbIIIJ xaJIrbIH ysapnHa hyuvu er,flunap Bo
    iitr*"irn rupruu reparaunap. Ey rbrpFblH aauanu 30 unH na$epa
    jaxuu ag,au heaax olaY.
    <Huxa> ycjanuuHH aapuaaarblH e,[n.nua'cn Jycrnunan clrjacertlu-
    ra uprnqaja ioppy xacxnf aenyur japauaurllHbl I(ocrep[PAH. Jlaxnr
    nHnepHja,(a xa.nr hapexaTnapbl apa BepMHpaH.
    139

    iffi,-.,-
    - JycrIrRHaH osYHYH f9p6la snaraaap xapflqu cll-
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    xaDrtlt cElacaTx-
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    rypAy. Ey 6ejyr uujjarn hajara revnpuex yuyr
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    Kyusr oHnapbl rlcrllna oJIyHMytx enKeaa rop[ar cahe;lapu zna ra'unn
    etueaaju yqyH Hapa3H ra.n uuultt.nap* 536-q br Hnaa acxapJrap ycjaH
    erahrap. Jep.nn 6ap6ap rajQa.napu, ra'{ar rynnap Ba KonoHJrap aa
    oHnapa rouynay.nap. Ycjana Euaarc acxapx Crorga 6aurqu.nur er-
    An..[Iluuaan AQpnxa axuar VI acprx 40-',rbl ,ffiTFEaa rarfl oJlapar
    EMreplrjaHHH haxnunjjaruua ra6e e,4rrau.
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    536-cru rirae Pouauu a;rau.
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    ayuMsHlr trapMaAaFblrr eAa 6nruaja,largnp. Eyua xepa aa Toruaa
    raqar nynnapH Be xoJroHnapbl 03 opaycyHa re6yn ea[p, ounapa a3aa-
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    aa nra.njax KeHAJrr,repuHx uylaQua e.a,tip, xycycaH ocrrornapa rap-
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    140

    r:.i1g{__ -- ^*.. - __r "+i:


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    143
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    t48

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    xycycn crjahunapa aaxun e4naax,rap. -[aha BapJlbr cy'-
    """appy$ai
    aapa rejynrqy, H[c6araH as Bapnbr iaceppyear nca 4euuiru ,r*ap-
    Axan hap6a ahar*ajj-arar ropirii cahacr.r 6e,ryruaypynMyur
    131^1 14u.
    oHyH cah[6nepx 6Hprt.rKIa cyBapr.r Aojyuqy aa
    9I"u:4,
    rIHXapManH HAr.rn3p. ia 4auns'll.r
    Jlaxux ranyHaap Qeo4a.r,raurua rpocecr.iHH .qajau4upuar,4a auua
    gAunep. Crparror.rrapuH rroxy raApnqne KaHAJrr.inapHH acac KyrJrecu
    .' uae rajuaju6 rapbrrxbrpabr. Crparuor,rapuu aHr{ar as hnccacu 4unar-
    . Japa qeBpflaxpArr. OpryHyH cHMacbr Aa Aajuu]upru. Ouyu esajuun
    arup o.raahax arJlbr rorlyH rarxx[n eAltpar. CyoapuHa cx;rahlau-
    AHpMar yqyH Jra3HM onaH cnlah.napuu aajapH aprblp, 6ynyx,ra 6up-
    JIITKAo ltca arnu Aejyrqy qbrxapan roirnar cahact 6ejyjyp na 6y ca-
    hanun 4ajapu qoxanblpAH.
    De.na racappyQarHH cahn6u, aprhlr, l(sHAnlrJlap [tIsPI.IcHHAe Kac-
    xHH cyporao Ceirl;rup, lap6r.r Anpona rrIaHKaBep[Ha 63H3ap xHpaa
    nvaxailpa qeBpnJlHpan. Jlaxun X acpAa 6eaa crParnornap hare qox
    adiu,rau.- Taapnl.na
    -
    uehxau.nanan hap6ur'r aja.nar a'jau,rapuuun ry'r'
    aaluacnnaex ehrtjar e,u,an HMneParopnap KaHA,rHrepHH hap6l tly-
    xa.naaQujjeruuu lara eruup Ba Ker,u,HKqa 4aha uox My3any scKaPne-
    pnu-pycnap, HopMaHnap, epuaurlaap, KYpr{Ynap, apa6;rap na 6.-Hutt
    ' hap6x xH,[MaruH]LaH ucrfiQa,u,a erflpaHnap.
    -VII-X
    . acpnoPAe Qopva:IauraH IrpH roprlar cahu6nrjH jeH[, Qeo-
    . aar runrr ropnai cahn6rlaja uau. ly,ry, Ko"loHy, jaPbIMa3aa [!Iapa-
    qr{Hn rrapltK aeas eratl. flaprx Qeoaa"r ropnar cahH6flHnu r'ay,rxrjja-
    ' THHAa o.ran ropnaraau npcr ncrrQaga eAarr acHJ'Ibl ucruQag,avu u,u.tl.
    fyaaap aa rapuraapax e:sajjaruxa KeqHpnnlrpau. X acpaa on.lapun
    er*ejun-lan Hpu vy.ri,repaa ha.na ucruQaaa onyHypry. Jlaxnu XI acp-
    -saxr januus QeoAanHH eB rynnyrqynaPH KITMH rzulMHIrI-
    JI,a oHnap 6ypa4a
    r .4Hrap. 9ox Mysany HIxt{Hrap Aa napuKe uespn,rnpanaap. Mop--
    Ko3s haKnMajjer HMneparop at{JIacflHIrH MYr'lKJIapHHAe sa uyxralutf
    hexyLrar MYeccHceJIopuHAa uruaajar KaHAJll.tJlspH,[4, hanqHH[H aoB-
    Jrar nap[KJrapu heca6 eaupalr. Eyryu xareroplj anap.u,aH oJ'laH traPHI{-
    JIap roptraFa rahrulr,r olynu a u bI IITAbIJI a p.
    IX-XII ecp.,lapaa xuurajn6 oltaMo penracH xeHuur jaju,rutlurgu.
    Jlaxnu nya.ra Ba ap3ar urejrapn HJla aJIbIHaH PeHTa aa aypMaaalI
    aprbrpabl. .Ilearar, xurujaa o.napar, Qeo,u,a.nnap.a rgBnar Bepxnnopll-
    nir es xejrp,rrepuHe rollnaMar hyryry sepAuxae, heuau repxu,rap Qar-
    aHKr.r oJrapar nyJI peHTacblHa qeBp[rAI'I.
    E[saHiuH nahaux oepxu cHcreMI] 3YJIMY o3YHYH 6YTYH aF],lpJlbl-
    F[r HJIe a3aa KeHAnI'I"[apHH Y3ap[Ha aYxraY Kaua'nu'nap rIyJI IIna aJlrr'
    HaH ACaC ropnar BepxHcH caju,rax IiaHoi, Harypan nepxx o.nau, x
    ecpHH coHyH,iLaH xca flynJla aBes e.[fl,[aH canouy, harra tourry hejBaHH
    oai*ajan KaHAJrunapaaH ae roIInaHbIJIaH hajar6auru nyJI PYcyMy onaH
    xannuxou eaajxpair,rap. ,ll.es.nar xejplua MYHra3aM cypar.la aa rej'
    t50
    pr-r-MyHre33M
    pr.r-MYHre33M oJrapar 6aura pYcyMnap Ba ToJcIYnep Aa anHHEIpabI-
    Os noae.n,ra,rapuu.t IH 3lI,4rHHe orapar, aprLlr, X ecp uuneparop-
    Jrapbr KHncaJlapa Ba MoHacrbtPJIapa KeHI.III, aPa3I.rnep 6aruulrauara
    6aru,r a u uruau,'lap. Klt,'Ice Ba MoHacrblpJlapa 6y ropnarrapaa acHJIbI
    KaHArl-tnepH MacKyHJIa[rAupMar hyryry-4a nepruapir. Hr"rieparbpaap
    Kurcanep Ba MoHacrblpnapa .(oBrar napIxnapHflHH jauaabl.HapEr KaH.[.-
    aap.ra 6xpaxx4a es uy.nx,rapxIru aa 6aruur;rajupau;lap. XI scpHH oP-
    ranapuxaas e'TH6apaH asaA KaHAJrunapuu jauraAur,rapu rop[arnaP
    aa xirauxqe Aaha res-res aYHjaBH a'jaH"lapHH HYM ajaHAanoPu,Ho H,[a-
    ps oayuuar yuyu 6axuHu aepnrltaja (aBBan'{a euyp,nyx) 6aur.nau-
    au. O'jau,rap,- ejuu sauauaa, 6y ropnarnapaau e-a xejllpaapuna aep-
    xn juiuar hyryry aa enaa ealipal'lJlop. Ey',Yp 6axuuru'nap ,EeBrlera
    hao'haucst xu,a,uar xecrapuaK uaprH Ilra BepI{Jll'lp Ba npoHlrja'ap
    up, iahu6arjilHln uxxnuaQu sa ltapxasx ha-
    *i"ri j"iim
    "airr"pa". "opnr.
    cnjiceru'asa,q xaHAlllt.napns cYp'erna aaaauacuna ce6e6
    oJrAy.
    @eoaa,rusu rypy"lyuy acac ra'cucarnapuuun jerxnnaeurMacll B?
    deoAa,r[sM uaulrl jaruuuu HxH 6aruJtlt"Ia cunQunun Qopua'rauuacu
    iooi"c, Bue"r"ai, rapou Asponaja uuc6aras 6ap raaep xe'l, XI ac-
    plrH couy-Xl I acpxH aBBanrapllHaa 6arua 'Jarabl'
    tDeo!,al urehepx.
    lX scplH uxuHuu japucun.a,aH Busanc ruahap-
    .Eflapxbrfl xtra6Ht. napr.rHt-tH jyxcaluu.ttl 6aru;ra g.a.u: sBBaJInap ra-
    Ha33y,,ra yFpaMbtur ecI(H urahspnap Al{pqanlrp Be
    jenr.r uahap,T ap r".lau". *"rip.iu. Cauarrap.nur fumll1i'--I:]-"1:
    ia,ru xej.rr aplau, xejrpxjjaru jYKcs,'I.[H,,[,axn'lH Ba xapHqH rnqapar
    *"nrrrinan. TaaasYrili 6ian n;|.,ryu MHraapbl apr4u HaHy6n'c;lao-
    or*"r"r, tna,
    i,,. enrenapn
    jaH lllapr.na. n.
    ,rr- illaor.na Asp6na nla ruuaPar'4e
    i"'oou AePdna
    s" i"'D6rl rnuaparae Oec-
    ;;ii-
    l;;";;i;'il p6ei- p* "
    ojnajupiu. Kopu,Q, ous,
    'Ja AapuaHono'n'
    ^-^..^.,^-^-
    A",o.tirna Ht,txeia sa TDa6souyH ahJMIrjjarl.r aprMbllx'lbr'

    aha.nncn qox oraH ruehapr'r o.rapar rar'ILIpaLI'


    Kogcraurunono.nyu acac aha.nucx ceHarxaP Ba ra'{ltpreP[H
    aMo-
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    ;;;;;;;," ,h.,o*iaraou
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    X acpuu
    acg11 aseaJll*Ilu I'lyhylt
    -9ne:*ilT.YllLY"'^6.Y:
    e ep a p' n En a p x uI. ,.1I
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    " i 9: :
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    naj, axr enaPxunun - urahap lr.u,apacuHa
    "t, " 6aurqu.nur eAaH e'jaHHH
    rapapnapbl ronJlycy
    tet,sY.t4ra . -- --J -r HAII. dca(
    '6upna'r'uuuran.
    6np.nlrx.,rlpnrrna EI,IpI'1J'"q1 .{1:'i,.::y^'']."..'-:::P:-
    ;;
    ;; ffi Jfi ft p';;', j,;;;pa, "i!3HAA ll11:1p;
    ?yy uJrAyr Aa P;y,1I*
    haxnuujj"'
    jl:
    l": ""1',
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    rra^.r.rLv'rlJJd,rr
    ru 6aplux Y3BnapI'lHI'IH rpejnue
    MoHaQellIHo suaa oa,u.yraa -*
    6.r" ^."r"t"up,apun, rauup:repHH Qaanujjarl'rHa MaHe
    i;;aJ;,;
    onyplyJlaP.
    -' "
    6"n"r*rp 6up;rxx.napu,qe j u n, raurp 6*11'11381- l1h'- ^'Y:,11"1';
    , ;;;;;"p-';;;.;;;6;" B ; p,;'orri'y"
    -;;ii,"^"",*,9_;5:_:l1f
    vi-11n-1*'3i'-qT: :?
    "Ivffil
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    uurql'rJtdPnn
    ";;5ffi
    ;,r-
    ;fi
    mx!Inrq'rgrE"
    Mapl{a3H haK}'l M HIJ ar.[,o r'"u'" raitjjar4a
    "
    1T113 Map-
    rl4u"'lap. nH:
    ,r^JroH lrePrrvq'
    JrHKrap ^"r"
    -,,_---... ^,,--],-a tau-
    cu'nahlan'^uIpt'lar'
    xasn haxuuujjar oHJIaPH oPAY Ba AoHaHMaHu oTpY
    K[JrCanapAaH
    il;;';;;, ii"t"pr.ro, nn6ac'aP, caPai,aP l5l
    -uyxaaaaQat
    ucrehca.rw y.ryu caQapnuuepaa re'xnn eAnp,qu. Aeg-
    Jrer caHarKap Ba raqlIp orp.nnx.napunun oean[jjar[Ha Hasapar eAap.
    r<aH rrpaa ryrMar yqyH 6ahaxa axrapuplu. Hcrehca,rux urrjacnHu,
    ua'uy.naruu xejQnjjaru oa Qopuacr*nu, xauua;r ehrnj ar,! apt{Hbr, rr{-
    qaporr.rn ha,lur, aaxru ea jepnHr.r 6rpaux,lap .aejn,r, xasruanaH r'reua-
    QejnHn nasapa arrau enapx Ma'Mypnapu uyajjau earpataep. KoHc-
    TaHrHHofloJr 6np.narrapunnu lap6u Aepona cexnopuHAaH 6alr,rH',ra
    Sapru 4a 6yHAa r.raa.
    ,I€BIAT iNEDEIH-
    X-XI acprepaa roBrer Hrapeqxrxjtt cncreur
    ana M { I ATJ'I rr,U.ap aqa.U,A MYPAK KaOAaU.4l.I. fipl.I BA'
    sxQa njepapxrjacu japaH4rr. Ajpbr-ajpbr cahenepe 6axaH Aes-
    .EoT ulapenoPr.rHuH cajbr apTH6 arrMHua ,rar1x. Ma,nxjja rrAapeq[-
    lnjr hauuu fiaapenapAaH yrryHAa qaMnaHMHrxAn Kr.r, 6yHaapuu aa
    6arulrrqacu Bepxx Hrapscu r.rau. Aesreraa no'{T, xapnlrH anaraJlap
    Ba crparxor rorxyHnapH ToIIJIaHHJrMacbtHbI Ta'Ml-rH eAeH HAapanap Aa-
    ha 6ojyx pon ojHajbrpabl. hap 6xp easuQa,ru rxaxca Qaxplr a,[ Ba pyra-
    nyJI Ba Harypan ra'unsar BepxJrnpArr. <DexpN a.uaap MypaKe6 uje-
    papxuja cncreuu ramKfin e,[Hp]ur Kr.r, 6y Aa pyr6aaap harrux4a xycycu
    t[e]IBsnna raHyHn auraHpbtJr Mbt tx,[bl.
    Ajpu-ajpu [rapanape 6autquaur eaeH aJ'IH acu3aAanapna jaHa-
    txH r.rM[eParoP capajHHAa rloxny uraTa pah6apaux eAaH r{prr Ba3H-
    Qa.lu uraxc.nep aa Bapabr.3arQ runeparopyn haxuunjjarn 3aMaHbrHAa
    iau rojr,rauuu: hoKMrap poJly ojHajaH capaj acfla3aaarrapr 6e'seu
    TaM aFaJrHr e.q,fipaxnap. I,Iuneparop ruypacu (crttx.nur) aa, 6e'3aH,
    uapxa3n haxuurjjernu cxjacauna 6ejyx re'crp xecrapxpau. IX ac-
    puH rrKuHqNH japHcbrHAaH 6aruaajapar, aeMaK onap xt,t, XI acpnE co-
    HyHa r3,4ep cnHKJrr{raa act,JrsaAa va'uyplap YCTYHIYK TorrrKun eraf,Jrep.
    IX ecpnn LlxlrHqr japHcbl -. XI ecplepaa uu-
    t"fi" II.TP.* nepujixun
    -y-r!: j."Brl"r"n; fl.rrflMa;'hejaruua rn,nc'anai ra'cu-
    pr' jiutaaH apr1u. ouyu aeBJIorJIa u*uQaru
    Exgaucaa xycycHna uehxarrt urn. Ey urruQar
    Harr{lNacuHAa Kr.uca 6yryHnyKna HMneparop haxxunj jarnue ta6e e.(ua-
    xnuran. flarpuapx, narta.tlaH Qaprau oaapar, ayHjaBH aoBnar 6aurqbl-
    cu 4ejn.ran; Kr{JrcaHarr KeJ'lrrpr{ Kr.rMrr narpr{apx ceq[JlMacH 1a 6yryu-
    JtyKJIe r.IMneparopaaH acHJrhI r.IAn. JenucxonrapblH uexcI,r MYnKJIepH
    sa aarur cypara5 vyajjaH onynMyur 6exeQnor.napu jox nan. Oha.nu-
    HHH, 6up arar onapar, xr,rcaja aepatjn Ha3Hp-HHja3bIH MHr.[,apbI jan-
    nus X acpuH coHyHra nyJ'r HJra Ba Harypan uIaKLtJl,[.e hajar6auu a.nu-
    EaH KHJrca aepxucu (xaHourxon) xuun ra HyHnalxablpltJlabt.
    Xpacraau Kr.rJrcecH pacMlr o.napar nahu.{ heca6 onyuypay. 6y ea-
    htt4.nax, aprur, Iap6r.r Poma uunepujacunuu cyryry 4onpyn4a, Qax.
    'r[Kn onapar, e",l,[arajHpr,aa 6rp ueja .leBpr{JrMrl uI4u. PoMa ga EHiaHc
    Poua 6au KellrHrxrr-Kr.rJrca
    XHJIcenapH apacbrHAaKb,l aJlatacH3Jfl.rK,
    6au,Iblcri (nana) r[paxx KpanblHraH Aynjaea ,qes.nar-flana sura-
    jarrua a.nnuu,a (VIII acp), para6ara qeBpHJtaH.
    Para6ar IX acpuu nxnuun japucunla xycyc[ra xacK[HnauAH:
    Ergasc ars ra6.nxrarvu.napu Kxprn,r oa MeQoaa Mopasnjaaa r.,ty-
    BaQqarr.rJJer ra3aH.rIrJJrap; borrapbrcraH,[a xpricrxaHnbrpH uaprca-
    jaru ra6y,l er4r.r; Cep6ujala EngaHc xurcactsui ra'cupu xyrNneHnpAH;
    152

    _i ;.
    ;4i4*
    jye aaaen coHpa uca nana uyrrajsulaaapu faanu Pyc 4ealarrr,qo
    4a uyraQQarxj jercrsnuja yFpa.[HJrap
    - Kujen xHjasu Bra.(uxnpx
    EHsaHc xeuuuaapH xpHcrr.raunaurabrpAHrap.
    .XI acpuu opranapbrHAa uehxau.nasulru flanalur, Irlany6n Hra-
    auja4a xuneprja haxxunjjarxnuu sanQlauaorugau lrcrnQaae ean6
    6ypaHbr O3yHyH 4uHx haxuunjjarr arrhrHa caJrMaFa 6aul,ri4u. flar-
    P_[aPx 6yHa {H,UJ,H e'r[pa3 er,ry. 1054-qy naxu jajunla, Koscranrr-
    Koucrasrxsono.na xaJrMHu nala erqunep[ 6y sarriai nanauup I,Iaaxa-
    puja aa Eo.nrapucraHa oraH <ranyux hyryr.napu>Hun 6epna oJryHMa-
    csun ra.na6 er/uinap. PaAa qasa6br alta+ r,ana enq[nap[ (oscr"xrugo-
    nor narprapxbrHH MypraA e'naH erlHnap. Eyna.,laaa6 o.rapar KoHcraH_
    Tr.rHonoJr narpnapxH Aa [ana enqlnepr.tHn Mypral e'JraH erAH. KHr_
    csnap p_ecMn cyparle ajpEulbrrap
    - <cxr{3Ma) ( uxx reQptra _
    rapt{.) 6au Bepax. O 3aMaHAaH uapr KuncacuH}t, je'ut Eusatc oa
    6nsauccajaru xplrc-TfiaHntlr ra6yr eruaur oJrxanepui xt.tcacHur jy_
    (6y ru,rca esyua, heuvlnnn npaioc.naa, ia,uu opi6-
    HaH
    - xaroJrux
    iIoKcaJI, llYsXYH e'TLITaA,IH a,[bl Aa BepMHtxAr.tpi, rap6 I{r.rrCOcnHU lice
    Poua xlrrcacu aaran,4r,rpMaFa 6aur.iaguiap.
    - KaroJrnK
    Corpaaap Aa aaQanepna xacxli.neurtraru 6y vy6apteauxx xe4u-
    urxsae hauss vy6apusaulu acn cajacn Ba MaaaH ca6a6,rapx
    rxe ehKaM, MepacfiM Ba rornxxJraru MacaJraJrap ycrysaa ieaan - hauu-
    r,ry6a-
    hncaaapaa nepaanaHHpan. Ehxau;rap,a,a, u6aair ia ir.nca rypyayruyu-
    Ia, rapxxaH - japaHMhru rraJrapJ,rap na eapr.napa nprrHcnn atiar*rijj5rr
    BepHrlrpAx. hap nxn ropaQ xy3elI]re xerMEpAHi ryHAMe,,ra3 r,lyfiihu.
    calap uehapruraep [qaplcnuAa ,lau.nu pa'j Ao_Fypyply. Ee.na xx, rap-
    rrrblrbrrurH HnQpar HM[epHja ravup.lepuruu Vriiija urehap;lapu uae
    T LrapaT-ceHaTxapnDlr para6aTx HaTxqNacHH,4a fbr3brrxHpaH.
    . SrsaHcaa pah[6nep Ba MoHacrhrpnap lap6aa uyrajuce onygMa-
    ja',rar .q,apacaaa qox t,lArr.. 3y,lx e4u;rar.nap qopxcxfi,[a xennru jiju.rr-
    MHlx Tepxr{-,qyHja;rr,rr ehoalu-pyhHjjecH HarHlNacHHAe KaHAnnnapHH
    xejnx hHccecH nxc xy3apaHAaH ravu6 _*rouacruprapa cbrFbrHbrpAbrnap.
    JIaKIH oHnap 6ypata la auraru pahu6aapHH cHpacHHla Ayrlyp;
    KJHJI_epJla rr apH Knep r(H MH MoHacrH p rop I arnapbrHAa uu,la j xp.ul.nap.
    XI-XII acpnapae MoHacrblpJrap, xyiycxia cyp arre aprau: liep 6rip
    HMrreparop, jyrcax uauruaal a'jaH, cepxapAa, KHJrce xaAHMH uoHac-
    rbrp yqan,lHp Be 03 MoHacrHpbrHa MyJrr(nap BepHpaH. Onaapux eu
    6ejyxaapn (najraxraa Cryauja uonacrupu na AQoi uonacrui;rapu)
    Qaar cyperre ayHjaBn rluJapa rapnurrparuap. haxxu 6uui[ui
    haKHMHjJar yFpyHla MyoapH3e arrapaH rpyrnapu Hytpysny paht6-
    flap.4aH KoMaK arMaFa qarblIII6rpabrnap.
    Maxeaouuja cvranacuHr.rH acacbrHH roiaH I Ba-
    IX ecprn rrrxrx cgJrHHgH(367-886) 3aMaHbrHAa ur,rriepnjanuu
    ,8Pucu- xhcpf,tr xaprqn cnjlcx seauilarn oaafai -
    KaMr€H,(tr. opa6aapnn "y"nri"rn
    aaq oryuly "et
    JIa-
    _lyvvuv
    "i-,iii-Jrii'iil
    rapuri ci;acorr. torE IX ecptrH cony - X ecpHH assarzlr,[e epa6-
    , nop ua 6oarapaap Enganca jeHHAaH eap6a Ia-
    auuua sep6a BypMaFa 6auuaAHJrap. Opa6;rap I(xnpn aa AeMer onap
    rsr, 6yryH Cuuurxjauu ryry6 runepxjanun l{any6u Hraaujalaru
    mplarnapusu rehayxa a.truu,u,a rojaynap. Kpur ape6 AeH[3 ryJ-
    t53
    rypnaplnnH jyracuua qeBpuntrrr. Onaap a4auu Be c_ahf,Jt ropnar-
    ,liiuri, xapaoa3apa aoHAepnpaunop. 904-',IY xraa ape6.nap <Decca.no-
    xrjauu raper era[nap.
    'EusaHi rygserreHMaxae o.nau Eolrapucran,ra uy6apltsa4e .[e
    6yHAaH a3 aihurar,'rn uer.ny6yjjar.napa yFpaMaalr. Eo.rrapr,rcrauaa
    xyhapu6a, aeMaK onap xu, 30 u.l qaxax.
    HunepujaHun hap6x yrypcysayrnapH aapnlr H'rITl{MaH HpanuJla-
    jnur,napxn HerHqocu xau. rDeoaa.nlaurMa npocecH crparHor rouyHna-
    puuu capcuruuur.qu. Oeoaa.l arnbl rouyHJlapu ha,ra.lrr opayHyH
    ecacuua '{eBpHrMaMUuAH. Mysaay roruyHnap rce coH Aapaqa as UAH
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    164
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    ,upr' j"priruplt'4 llyapatan'-ottp reraP "IaHy6a aorpy flyary u4lt'
    Kanerini;raPui ropnarJlapH (xafn aor"reual IIa-puc aa Opaeau at-
    DadnaoHHla qeMreHMHuJAr. OHyH uraprxx4e lllaunas rpaQ'nuru'
    'qaiy6"uaprutraa Bypl-yHnY ja hepcor'ryry jep'lauupnr '
    Va". runrrr-.ap6ae aharlrcfl l{errnepAaH I.r6apar o'ran Eperau'
    urrMan-uapraa uca- o,rasauia rpaQ,rurst rapau' olSuaoliauuu ruu-
    iir..J"rGa" Q,'IauaH4;iuaap laurajupau'rap llltrma'ru opanca
    "rl
    xaJlrtrHbtH au.ru rpatp.nuruH aHqlar "taHy6 hfi ccactrHAa JaJbIIMHUJALI;
    url.ruan huccecns,u,S uca aauau rah'{ecuHAa aaHbIIxbIpabrJlap '
    llDoBaHc xaJIrHHriH aDa3I{cI.lHAs flyary rpaQ'lbIFbI l;la-hapou-
    ,, ;;;.";;r^A;iliu*iI t.p.oi,vrv - ua'pad hapbnHa-ura [Iupeuej
    rpaQ-
    ;;r;;;;;";;"- iu.*on ti.p.oi,vtv' oruari ruapr'r'5 uca .Tv'rvsa
    ra Eypryuauja hepcorryFy
    ni"" ilpr"rrpaa. Ty.,ryia rpaQ,rHFbI ^ €-nara e'uBp-
    aDacbrH,laKbl MapKa3[ ,uar,'lblr apa:ulu Oaepu rpaQ'lblrhl
    il x*';;;;;'liJr'rrrii ,up*,ii iiiiua" bpas'ra5H -ajpu"ruuu
    Bap-
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    "-"4;;d,'4.oarrrup h.ptoi''ap ee rpaQ'rap' Qeoaar HopAHBa-
    E.
    -
    170
    T-' I
    i

    I
    rrbrH[JH 6auHHIa AypaH Kpa,tbrH BaccaJlb[ heca6 o;lyuca.rap Aa, Ae_
    MOK Onap, MYCTATH' IrAHnSp.
    I
    OpaHca^{a, IlrrrrHa Kope rohyM onca Aa, ltxu xanrHH MsBr{yA o.r-
    uacH Q-eo.[aa Aar[rHbrrJr ErFbrH bt Aap[HnauI[pHpAH. qlaHy6 suaai ar,r a-
    pu ra XIII ecpa raaap_ jalnH3 QopMan o.napai 4eaaerax rapxu-6uuae
    heca6 ean.rupan;rap. Kpa.r, 6auauqa o,rapar, ruaua.nx Opauca xaa-
    rHxrrrr epasncuH.ue anH cyoepeH (Qeoaa,r uap4NsauuHuH 6aurvucu)
    At. "{
    Kp-an .qoueuuuuuuxr au 6ejyx qajHH
    ra - Ceua
    6ojyHna onryFy Kr.tMH ,,raHy6AaH unMaJra
    ra,rlyapanun op-
    KeaeH ryiy' jo,'r,ra[u
    (Poua 4eapyugaH ranMa) yiaptlHAa ra aFa,'rHr eaan, crpar-exu 6a-
    xuulau uyhyu MeHTarenap
    - flapuc eaOpaHca
    u-ahcy.'rAap BunajernapAa jepaauruacx
    OpaeaH erpaQbrH,[,a rrox
    rapxxH yuyu uyhyv
    ahaxxjjare vanflK HAH.
    - I(aneranraap HacnHH,[eH oraH HJrK Kpannap xpx Qeo4a,r.napaau
    heq na u.na QeprroHMflprfinap. On,rapui lanun lypivarnapu iox
    flan. 03 yafijjarJrep[ fina 6up uy"lxaaH aHKapHHa Keqa-Keqa jair-rajup-
    .u,Hnap. KpaJnap, harra, es ltoMeHnapHH]le 6ela eacca,raapi raiuiu '

    My6apHse anapManH onypAynap. Ou,rap es racpnapHHa apxa.'ra-nu6


    jonrapaa rynAypnyr ea[pArnap. Kaaup.napnux, 6auax,la olapar,
    03 xYcycH MYnKnsp[HtraH, ja'nx acuau ga rahxHuan KaH,4nrnapuH
    ucrgcMapHHAaH qHxapaH KanernHrr'lap XI acpga jaoaru-
    -6uaasaclrra
    Topnar MYnKnepHHH a prbrpbrpAHnap.
    laBau
    X-XI acpnepAa SpaHcH3 KaH.[JrHJrapnHHH qox
    Kaaaarnoprrr huccacn aup Qeo.qaa xcrncruapHHa Ma'py3 ra-
    earrrlerr ra rarIIE nbrpatt. TahKHMnH KaH,[nH (cepe) ceHjopaan,
    ycjatlrapu. ja'ur jauralueu ceHjopuja (OpaHcala rpeolaa "l
    MynKy, aAaraH, 6ena a^[naHbrp,u,u) ruy:rrnjjar- -j
    qucuH.tteH ulaxcaH, ToprraFa Kepa Ba uahxeua 6axulauu4au acu.ltu
    s.([. CepB rxoxcaH acbrJlH o,rau 6tp a.(aM Kr{Mtr 6aur aepxuct (ca- ,.1I
    paticum), a3a( a(al,J,a sa ja 6aura cenjop,rapuu cepBr{ una Hr.rKaha
    KHpAHK,(a Ke6HH rojqycy (forismasit-agium), e,ryrr.r sepxrcx, ja'Hx
    aapHcJrHK nepxncn (manus mostuns, mortuarium), o,[ajHp.[Hi onyM
    Bepx cfi, qox Baxr, au jaxuru 6up 6aur MaJrrapa Hna oAaHHnr{pAH.
    Hahajar, cenjop cepoaau haacus uyxaa.natpnjjar aa BepKr.rnap (Hx-
    rxjapr ra.nja) ra.na6 eAa 6HnxpAH.
    Topnar cahacannH npcx llcraQaAer{ficlr Kt-rM].r xana.nu ceujop yvyn
    auaFHAaKbIJrapbr eruaja 6opu,ry HAr.r: qen HUrapHHAa (6xp raj1a
    olapar haQra4e yq KyHAaH aa o.nuajapar) 6ljapa xerue,rn, rfiKIiH-
    TH, Harnujjar Ba c. Hunap,u,a uyra.n,raQrjjar,rap nqpa erManr.r, o Baxr-
    Jrap Hrrc6aTaH qox orMajaH HarypaJ'r Ba nyr rejqYnapu DepMar'II.I HAII.
    Mahralae 6axbIMErHAaH actrJlbl aaaM KHMH KeHAnr{ esyuyH nahxaua
    flaaHaJrapbrHbr ceujop MahxauecuHe (uy,rraaap uahxauacxHa') sepua-
    JrH, oHyH ruruue 6ypa,aa 6axuaua.nu nar.r. EyHa xepa ra osrau uah-
    (aMa BepKHcH Be t{apHMenap a,,rbrHbrpabr. CoHpa o, ceHjopa 6a3ap,
    xepny, 6apa, jo.n aa 6auna KoMpyKnap Ba BepKxJrap eaajfiPAu. CeH-
    jop aajupuax, qepeK Kypacn, rxupaqaKaH aa3Kah (y3yMcbrxaH rbrcralt
    rapq.) Y3epHHAa l.IHhucap hyryryna (6aHa;rurer hyryry aeju,lau I

    - l7l
    hyryr) uarnr orayFyna KoPa KaHAnI.tJIsp raxLIJIraPbIHbI oHyH AeJHP-
    *rin"naa y.iyrua,'la, uepaju ouyn xYpacHHAa 6Ilruupua,''lt't, oHyH ae3-
    xahun.la rirJpa6 uaxr'lairl (Y3YM cbrxMaaH - rapu ), 6YrYH 6yHnap-
    aas Hcrsoa,a.a YqYH Harypal ueKuJraa Ba la ny.Ir'Ia natt BepManB
    uarr"o. (""arr;rapuu 6r'rp hnccecu (ou.uaH'nap) uaxcu a3aaJllrrra-
    ,in, '"u*rr"rr,4r.,,a p. jlaxrn o*Jtap La roPnaFa Kope' 6a'seH ae
    ruehxar.la 6axbl MblH,4aH OeoaaraaH acblr'lbl xall'1ep'
    Oeoaa,l uynactl6ar;rapIlHun rarll oJlapar -Qopua;rauuacu lcruc-
    MaDbrH aDrMacH It,!a MYlxalrzer oJlyHypay Cenjopyn xejpnHa o'nan
    *.,irrru ,y*"rnaQr j jar,ripa jeua-jeuu r"ryxal'latfu jjar'lap e''laBd ony-
    uvoav. OsBea,rap KaHA x!{MacHHa Mexcyc oraH, x-xl acpnopAa Hce
    6'"[ilrri, i"pioHHAsH ga6r eAurIMI{Ir Meuanop, cyrlap Ba 6rqeHex'
    n, JI ap m ya xaaapa,-a'na ra h a rr
    ;";;;;-;;;r A ;oel r,r yra 6r,T, xaa .n a KeH'u
    BepKI.t,'Iap Ba apaMCbl3 +eoaar MYhaPt-r6a'laPH
    rvy6,ruc,rau,uu u.r racappyqar KaH.qnfl .llaptlH haj aruuu
    ""inoorr"p.'<Deoaa,r
    oap"*" t"'rut,ararg eaupAu. Aullur alt hat rr Ba aquHAaH
    ""[rir"rri,
    "o,
    o,rua qbx xeuuu jajuluutu,nu.
    'cjnuijeaa
    O aospytt KaH'[' rd,cappYQarbI rexHIl-
    ;;;;r;; auraru orIAyFy urbiaurae 'na6ya. o'nau uahcy'n-
    cy3Jlyr Ba ja 6aura ia6rzn Qa,raxar haalapuxaa aha'lll KoMaxcus
    aesuj jaraa raJ'IblPAbI.
    KJHnnfi,laD deoAa,r ucrltcvapsrHa hap uyp jo'l'ra MYraB[Mar
    Hoc-
    ,.prp*rfr ip.-bgi-lll H,'rae Hopr'iauauj anlr yij an 6ypyay KaHa'nunap
    o3JreDlIHItH l.rqMa ropnaulapoil,aa
    - -oipi
    xequnuAaKLr asaa na IuyQra. ^uc-
    ;;ii,;'o;' hy.y.;;; u onvH u ato't't ra,a6 eanp'qu nep l 024-
    qv n,rre EperaHAa "tifi xaul,ru
    " yclanu ra'nxru Ca'luauaaa aejnaAljn
    *ri,rn, *r"arrr"p (6au''Iblnapcbl3 se c 'IahcH3>) YcjaH eA[pAHJtap' Ja-
    [ocTSpMa-
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    KeHAr[nap' ara-
    i, *rveaddar o.nvvuay,'rap. Os hyryr,rapuuot ropyjaHh:M.a- o-H'rap YqYH
    ;;;;'6yr;; H"ra,rap 6a,ruuaa hepaxar .eaupar'rep ralaaJlapH lxspan-
    rahxxM'lNrur
    uhairi opt, acp.tefuuu eH aMaHCbI3
    runaa 6eae uahe.l.lttl MYTatrraKKHJIJII.IK Ba MYraBI.IMer sacnrocn"'>l
    t.trt-I'

    Kenanu ycjau.napbl regapllacblHa jarupu'rnu' Jlaxun- na-


    jax -xeuA:Ill
    p, ;';;;;; i,y.n ui, r"r, Qebaa'T aapsr uvaj ra'uap- tt:q9,t-19tiii
    "i enup,u rr. cllHOI{ uy6apr.r:a Harl.tqlacxHAa. ceHlopu1aaa
    iucr,,tara l,rau6yi
    *ej.rlu raustlu eaaH sa Seoaa'l peHracHHhlH MI.IrAapH-
    "vrr.ro"-"pir'
    ," ,.-uo* r,ayajjan eaen (anerflep> japaHblpAbl Ey <a1-ar'nap> xelra-
    'ur'exol racappyrl' arusaa xunauacl vqYH aaha qox Baxr
    ;lri";ay;y, ithtt"a" 6'T in--hYrYrYuv rnroh-
    Ba uMKaH Bepllp, oHyn rp.,'topnut -

    ;;,*ffi p; p- ;;' ry"; i rr'."4"p ncr Hc M a PbI' u


    "9llyallYAblpblpAlr'
    3YJrMKapnapHHa rapuru r'ay6a-
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    DIr3acIr (aHAJIHHI.{H 03 uaxcx
    "'
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    I:iil;"#;;; ;"r*n xe*i'i'"anp Ba 6vHvH''r 1a Qeo'.a r tt:tr


    r..". a
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    rxepaI.Ir iaPaaHPAbl.

    I Mapxc K. tr \Hee,lbc @. Coq, r' 2l' crp l55'

    I t72
    --l

    s 4. ITTAJIIJA XI eCPr{H coHyHAaaK

    oooarn OpraEacpnap.[a Llraauja BahH.a .4eBnar aejHr-


    traruHhrrrhrru. Ax. bypaAa TapIxaH yq ecac et,lajar lapau_
    Mbrrrrhr: LUHMa,/.rH, Opra ae r{eHy6u li,t'aiuja.
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    napqanaHM br rxrbr. Kscraou,ran enaajiri,rapiin ai" +?rri"illr..r"pnn,
    nip Orrfu^Oyryu opra
    6o-y xycycujjar,reprHa- caxiauriuau. Ey
    lcljnp ,Sa?-rr,"^y1l.glll
    wrl,r irJp^ . ArreHHHH I apu M a,4acbrHbrH ajpu-ajpu hucca.nspunnn l,trru_
    caau, cx jact Bc r.roFDadh u.paHruHuu xycye:uj jor.rrparaan
    aor),pAy-
    rccacH Hr., rii paul'a' alara
    ,^*:I:.1,1 1l:,
    ./roMoap.(fila I lo lLq
    qa ibrHbtH
    h
    :_ll,roxr,lahry.n4ap salucfixI,
    ",rbu erxp.alr.
    lep,raLuapAx.' Ey
    apa:a.VI-V)ll ecprapaa aaHro6apaiaput l6ypauriu' aAu _ JIou- i

    ce:a;uarp.) haxuuujjerr a,riuraa oaiuyur, VIII


    ::lf:1, Hca
    3cp.4JH 1r,.!:ru,
    KaDo.lxHr HvnenlIiacbrHbtH TapKr.r6HHa .(axx,rl elx,tMItrIJIlr.
    Opra Hra.rrjauuu xej.ra' hrccecrHv' n;;;" ;;;;l;; _ poua
    MJpKe3 oJMarna aflanapHH.. nyHjesfi
    \ Aesaera (<Myrallac [jorp
    sa ,rauro6ap,r M yrKr,rapHHr.ilr raauraapri _^ 6e*,"u"H,
    I111l]l nepcorryr.rapbl
    ,
    ahars e4Hpql.r. hauuu hepcorayr,nap r<ah na_
    sa '1
    ::"L.^lo xz porHHrnapHH BaccarrJrLrr
    Xil.Irl -li
    p.o_Ma..naIacbrHhrH
    aculuauiuxai onypayrap.r l
    MyJ'r K.lJpxHnaH uxMar,ra norpy tocrari'
    trepcbr_
    :yY JepJr,?urlp4H. E43-qy
    ^ r..r Bepaen MyraBunacrHnou coupa [L.rua.rx
    Bs UpTa a,'1l.IJ a 6al']nl-a aJ'rH Cy3epeH
    l,'l T
    par rahu4 MycrarnJ Kpannhrpa qeepnrafl.'Xpa.r - Kpa,,r oJ,lMarJra eopua.n o.la_
    llaeuaia'osvs 6a-
    u6IHa "rIaHro6apI KparJrapbrHblH aavNp ra,rH rojy,rlyraan coHpa
    Kpar.r rnry"'ry anrJpar,r. hauraraa uca heu lllnua,rii, hiu aa trlapia_
    su Vra,tajat a haxnuljjoi ajpu-ajpsl 'r"i.yi
    t+leHy6H Hra,rtja aa Ctua,rrja - eeo,nar.tapa u,rr.
    a.laiu aa XI dcpxH coH"lapHHa
    raaap ajpu-ajpur Qeoaaa uy.llxurapuHa napqaJlaHMbr rrrahr Ba re3_reg f:l
    oxp Jaae,rJrx rrrraJ'rqHlaH alrKapHHr.rH a.ruHo Kequprlr. VI ocpaan
    6au;tajapar y3yH aoBp ep3lHne e,rxeHHn vany6ylyH xei,ru hricacn
    . Any.rrja... Ka.ra6pHja. Heona,r es Cwtt:tuji_6i nHc aja,ror.repr
    uaulep. IX acpAa 6ypa_jeH Lr:anas*lrap
    er,([Jrop. On,lap 6yryu Cuun,rrjanu a:ra - apa6,rapra
    MyAarflJro
    opa.qa na_
    ^errrp:u.,rip
    ,'repMo MepKa3
    orapar, A[y,tHjaHH .o.tMarJa aMHpnxx japarau.rap: ;pa6.rap, \,lyBarrJr6
    ,aa sa6r er.ax,rdp. Aparrcst: eeo4a,r ,rexuurua_
    ;rapu, apa6 ra Eu:asc Hcrx,rraqbrJrapbr ap-acbrH,(a KscKltH
    rux lrleny6n Vr a tujaj a Hop]4aHJ'rapblH (HopuaHtui alau ) lyrxMaHqrr_
    - uy.qaxu,ra
    erMacliHo uaparr japaqu. Oruap 6yryn Hany6u I,Iraaaja ei Cu,,111_
    aujaHu uura,r ela6 XII acpuu asaa.rar.aa 6ypaaa Ca,rrr,raja xpar-
    JIbIFblHbrH acacbrHbr roj,uyaap. Ey xpa.l.rur 6yryH r+lcuy6u 'Vr aiula
    ToptrarJrapbrubr ahare epuplx.
    Vtamtja cajacu xapnrecrrauu p aHrr ap; r;:i,r aju
    lllltMa.,rr Be uysaca6ar,!spuHHH rzuxurua$uuu l'ry-
    Opra HranniaAa Qeoaa,,r
    peKKa6,'laur pl.tpal,. IIIflMaJH as Opra Hra.nn-
    0eoAan jaAa naHro6apArrapHH saMaHbrsaa,' IV-VIII
    uyracr6eraeprwri
    xtxxua(bH. acpnep sp3nuAa Qeoga,r rraynacu6ar,rapxxau ja-
    paHMacbr npoceclr Kerra. Vratwjaja 6ojyx xyr-
    naJrspr're coxyJlaH raHro6apa,rap xrxFa.r oJyHMyrx jep.rropia. jcpnr.r

    il
    .
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    fl::-1--"--1=',U= -'

    aha.[HAeH Taqpr.ra onyHMyrx [raKriraa, Hecru ElrMaJ,lap, <<Oapa> aa-


    JraHaH raHrohyMJryFy rpynnapbr ha.nuHAa uacxas ca,rru,rap. On.,rap
    HTaar aJITbIHa carbrHMbrrrr Poma aha,rucasAau, 6aur"[sr'4a oJrapar Ko-
    JroHJrap Be 6aurra oxuEqr.napaax lrahcy,ryH y,raeH 6IrpnHx ar,rbrpAbr-
    nap.
    Apar,acus lryhapu6a,nep re nauro6apl e'jaHJrapHHbrH roprrar,,rap
    era KeqnpMecr.l H.ra a,'raraAap o,rapar, hauvuHun Poua xycycu uy,r-
    rrjjart.ltrzn ro'cupr a;rrsru,4a, aprbrr, VII acpuu coHJraprJHAa JraHto-
    axuu cahs,repn anJola qeBpH,'rMaja, Qapa.lap ca AaFbrJr-
    6ap,a,.napr,rH
    uara 6aurajup. Ey rpa.r ApyxHH aqblrapblHbrH re3rlHAJ,raprln, hap-
    6n 6auruu,napun hepcoraapuH, rpaQJIapbIH -Ba KpaJrrapbrH o3Jre-
    pnnuu, hauvuauH -Kr.r.rrce Ba MoHacrr,Ipr'Iapr,IH Hprl roplar lryrxlrjjaru-
    Huau uej4aua Ks"qMecltHa KoMeK e,qrpau. IX ecp yuyH apt 4yujaan
    Be pyhaHr.r ropnar cahn6,rapr.rHAoH raapr.rr{Jra Qeoaa,r,rap cnH0x ja-
    pauup. Araa xsHrt caK[H,'rap[ 03 roprrar cahacsgaa uy,rxnjjer hyry-
    ryHy r'rrHprrp Be rrprr rop[ar cahu6nepnHxH hr.n"rajocNna xapusja nau-
    6yp oryp (narpon.nyr Ba KoMMeH.[ac[ia), acbl'rbr aK[Hqflrapa qeBp[-
    JrHpJep. EYTYH ac,sr.nu aha.nu KYr,[3nepH
    - KeqMlIu Pova ry,r.rapur,
    KoaoH,'rapbl, .naHro6ap.u ryJI.IIapbl sa japttua:a4;rapsI uyQ;ruc,rauruuur
    a3aa xqMa Y3B.IIapH Ii,'IA rajHajbI6 rapbllxblp, oH,'IapLIH hauucsl acu.ru
    qeBpH,'Itlp.
    Qeo.uaa xauqru;rcpu cnHQnna
    VII-VIII ocp.rapaa,lanro6apa,rapaa Qeo4a,r,ranrua npocecn,
    6yroe"ryx4e, oHJapLIH Hra,Tuja,r,anu MacxeH.lepHHHH Tor.lp[.q,
    ear.{JrMrur ha:r,na o",ruacu, Il9r,I2 TSIIIKH"'IAT},I BA HeCnU MYHaC 6arre-
    pxH y3yH MYAA3T larMaCbI HATHIIACI.IHAa .nanX lnXUrUaQ e,4IrpAH-
    <DpaHx ucru,racrr (VM acprru coH]) a3aa aKl,tHqx,lepflH nyQ;lxuleu-
    MOCH BA OHJrapbIH aCbIJIbI rOpnar ncrr.rQaaaql.IJlapfiHo qeBpl.{.{MecH rpo-
    cecnHH xej,rlr cYp'arJIaHAIrpat{ IX-XI acp,rapaa xan,q,tnuuu rcraQa-
    aocHHAa OJraH TOprrar, aaereH, oHa MYraBIl,'Ie acacbIHIa, 6 p rajaa
    o,rapar,29 r.rr MYAASTI.'IHS uuapaja nepu.nup,qri. By rzuapa rl.I6erfla aa-
    JTaHbIpALI Bo +aKrflKlr o,rapar Seo,4a.n ropnar fiqapactr QopMa,lapuH-
    4aH 6upu I.raI.I: K.H,fJ'Iu - nr6e.q.rra cahu6r uahcy.ll'H YqraH__Be ja-
    aoplasH 6uprnn Qeoga,la Beplrp, oHa 6ujapa xeenp.ltl. IX-XI ecp-
    ,,rapae ropllarnaH rII6e"'Ira +opMacbIHIa flcrIr0aaa YcTYHJIYK rau-
    XIIJ] e,I.Ilp]lH. KaH.r.lunep, qox Baxr, rlcruQaga YqYH rlpeKapI,l Ixapr-
    JrapH n,,la ae roprlar aiIhIpabIJIap. ou,rap har'laH ropnar l,tyra6ulun-
    Aa rejqy. BepHp Ba 6aJapa xeaup.uu,'rap. EMQ[reBsIrc Sopualu ropnar
    ncrn$anauHir!ri .[a ja jbtflMr'rurrbI. EuSnrensuc haNruua,'Ifix Hpcn
    xevai nuapa iopnarsi H.r.t,t. EeJIc ropnar MohcyJI aa ja nyn rej"tycy
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    174
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    178
    I
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    179
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    183
    :-_

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    184
    -1

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    185

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    186
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    189

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    .rap. JIarnu 6yrea,ryx,qa, epKeH aHtn-caKcon Qeo,4a,r loBJrar,,repH clr-
    jacu rypyayruyHyn xycycaiiarx rqMa HAapa Qopr'la,rapnuuH y3yH
    MyAAar ranMacrJ Ba oH.[apbrH SeoAa,'r ,4oBrar[ opraHrapr,rHa Kelr
    qeBp r.rn MScr.raH p.
    Ajpu-ajpu aHrJ,caKCoH xpaJ'rJbrr.tapbr apacHH-
    Bahx! Aa AaHM r,.ry6aptsa KeAHpAH. On,rapAau xah
    ii'-l_"1i,"9:
    IEBJ!ETTHTIH
    6upu, xah Aa Ar.rxepu 6aura,rapu ysapr.ru4a ha-
    ,1"";;;;;;;;,, xruujjarn oro KeqnpHpalr. VI acpna coHy
    - lapanracu. VII acpun aBBaruHIe -
    oHnapblH nqapucas,u,a Ken-
    rus .laha uyhyu aharrrujjarH BapAH. Tarpx6au
    VII acprH opraJ,rapbrHAaH Hopryu6ptja haxxu ea:r.rjjarl aJra Keqnp-
    ar. VIII acpaa 6y nasajjar MepcHjaHbrH anuHe xeu1N. Hahajer, IX
    €cplrH eBBerHrrAeH aFa,rrbrr Yeccerca xeu1r. Er6eprnx saMaHr,lHla,
    61,ryu aur,r-caxcoH Kp a"[.'r brr.r ap br BahHr epxaH Qeo,(ar AegraruHAa
    6rr p,rau,4u,rap.
    Ey 6xpnauua hau.{axr.rr, han xapuuu-crjacu ca6c6,rapgan upa-
    Jrlt xaJrMHlrIAH. Agrr'caxcoH veunjjaruxnu $eoranlaulrarla o,ran
    jyxapsr ra6ara.rapl{HAaH erpy KeHAJTJapHH rahnuu,raulupuaje rapurH
    r{yraBrlrr{erHHH rbrplrar sapypfi x.un. E1'- harru cnuQuH 6yryu ryaea-
    Jrcpr.rHr.rH 6upneur.u,upr,r uacfl BS ajpbr-ajpbr KparJ'rhrrrapr,rrr Bahfia aoB-
    .rar ha.nusa ca.'rr,rHMacbrHlr ralra6 ertlpa]I. [uxap rapcQaau, VI I I ac- ,

    ptrHcoH.rlapbrHlau tr4nxll.rrcpoja Hop\lairapbtH, 6aur.luua o.napar l


    raHHMapKaJIbrJrapbrH BHpaHaeAntrt-t 6acrHHraphr 6aulauuulu. !,a-
    HlIMapKaJIhIJIapa rapur,I aFbID uy6apnaa4e MyAaQIra ehrHjavu eara-
    Hux cnjact qeharaau ra'xapa caruurnra,u,au 6up,raur,4rlpHJ'rMocHHH Ta-
    Je6 e.u,Hp,u,H. Hnxu,rrapaxuu uaxv6-rep6uuaa jep"raurax, 6aurra sl{.ra-
    jarnapa Huc6araH ,[a HxMapKa,rbr,rapux 6acruu,rapbr yqyH laha vox
    €,'rqarua3 onaH yecceKc Hcrrl.r aqbrr a p a rapubt MyraBr.rMer MapKa3H
    oLrgy- ,U,aHxnrapxarH,ra p onKeHfiH 6yrvx urnna,r-u-reprliHr.r aJra Keqrrp-
    gtt.rap, 6ypla .(awauapxa a.lar.rap ea raiAa,,rapH rojAynap.
    Erpaaurr*aur aHrJr-caKcoH KpannbrrJrapbr yMyMll xanr jbtFHH-
    qaFhI, aprhrr, qaFpbrrMhrpAbr. BvaYu anasru,qe xpal jauunAa ynnre-
    -rraKeMor (<Myapux,rap rlrypacbr> reMar{.lup) rorrr'raHbrprbr xn, 6y aa
    iKpannHrhtn aH HyQy3.,ry HpH cahH6Ka pxapbrH,[,aH H6apar lv. VlHA+l
    l9l
    Hnxn.rrapatra,(anuuapxa aFarHFr,r ruohxau o.ltr*raAu. AaHnMapKa
    .[eBraruH,[aKll rax[JtH rraKr rrManopAeH HcrH+aAa e.{aH aHrrr-caKcnap
    jaAeJtn[ 3yrMyHa rapubr uy6apueanu traBaM er.{Hprrp]tnaap. Knyryx
    €nyMyH.4eH coHpa, qox qaKMeAaH, 6ejyx .(arur,aapxa AeBnarH AaFrrr,t.rtbr.
    Hnxuauc raxrHHa ecKtl axrn-caKcoH cyraJracltHuH HyruajaH4aor Me'-
    unn Eayapa ( 1042-1066) ajnourar.

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    l6uprrr, urdt Jpraprin japauuacsr aa nuxaruaQu, ha6e.tra aNrrsa uc- '
    ;ilI;l;;"* x"i'nt rtt*r,i"obl HarI.Ir{scHHAa japaHMbruAbl' Ey' xej- 1

    l
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    i,ii'i., .vpv.rv*y Ba Ma'HdBrI h.-'jaruHa r"ryhyu r o'cllp xecrapaH jettl i
    qoxyH'[a' ap'
    hai,rca u:li. Elua r<op, 1e fep6r Aapona e'rxa"rapHHIIH
    rbrr acacaH, u6hap,rairu japaHrHFbl 4oep - XI jY3x'l''luK epKaH op' 'i
    ra acpr'rapne (V-XI) Qeolalueulu aaha raM uHKuuaQ eraHlll aoBp- -i
    (XI-XVl aoacblHAa
    ' xpoHoJlox[ capha4up'
    lap6l Asponaaa opra ccapnapxH llnx JY3I.lJ'll.lK- I

    Epxefl "{apH Harypar rscappY+arblH' AeMoK


    o"Iap, u3-
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    Barypar rrceppYoaruH k"n,,rn ,,,rra, TrKqa a3 ehrljaultuu eJ.alitax
    h€(MDAHIhIEhl.
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    irarblHH, aMaK a"rar"qeptr Ba KeiuM ruej,rapuun le osy actehcal elup-
    an KoHA auajluun csuor.la 6np,raurM-Illrr o'rMacbl Harypa'l TacaP-
    or,6arnn cc,ruiiaell x1'cycnjjeru H,l.u HxrncacaauMbIIx cJHarKapJIa-
    biri, ia.nno': r,lriurx 6lp hNccact.l, ar3raH h.ejer-6alla ruquJ'Iepu
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    fu,,r'r',", $cora.r.iapurH
    iu,n* orrii rr- Karr.r caHarxap,lapbl-,{aM[pqnrap, a.v"T ycu1"rap, .ua6- I

    6ar,1ap caHar,'Is iaHaubl KaHA racappyQaru I{Jla ao MaluF\/"1 onypall


    ' -'Mehcy,r \,ry6ar[,'IacH on,[J'rtia qY3H w,us Eaur'ruqa o'rapar 6a'sN
    .r1ap. ,l
    jep,rapaa hacu;r eau.lau, laxun racappytpar YqYn -saq116 o.tlaH I'4ar-
    .r'iapJ-ra asMl'lp, tanaj' Mltc' ay3 se-fi.- i u"ll, ha6ela o aaMaH As-
    ooii"a- lrctet ca, o.lyttwajaH sa IlIapr'aaH KerHpl'1aH :lHar uej''taptl
    rn"* flaPqa,lap,6ahaau aaprep'rHK Ma'My'rIarr'I, rotlraHK lllll-
    --arnrtt,'easujiar
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    ,"nrrt urej,rspu sa i H'rc ruuapar ear'rltpEg Ey
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    'rpe6.rip, cyp rsrnap. lahyar'rap eo 6 ) 6au'rHqa
    i'o,irlr.r"rrp. la
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    ca,rsr, ja'uu'aliraa ucrehca.lu fep6u AsponanuH t{ox hHccacl'IHAe' ae-
    197
    I3r

    : t, .-
    ci.r.'.-:
    ax onap, ruxuuraQ. erMaMaulrr. OcxH poua ruahap.napa raHa33yna
    yFpaMbnu, urrncalHjjal arpa p,,rau Mhrrrrabr
    .a p b_raa rbrnopra
    Epxax acpnap .[eBpyH,rla, 6a raHlra o,rapar, 6our raJrMbtut Be
    Mht tl Po naa utahap,raal tNr ( Mr.r a u,
    -<D,ropeuca
    J ja, Eo.noH_
    ja- Hea noa,- Aua,rQu, ftapri, Jiron, Af.r. -
    Xerir, MJ1r,i. tipr.di,il,
    lpxp, Ayrc6ypr, BjaHa, ,rlonaou, Jopx r{ecrep, f,roirep sj 0.1-je_'
    pHHAa uahap rHrrJrH MacKeHJrap raJ'lMbllxAbl.,rlaxxH on,raDus qox' hfi c_
    cacx ja
    uusx6a_rx MepKa3nap, ja
    veh xalr,ratanpfin M Hu MaHTerdJJp
    {rana,rap <6yprnap>)., ja ,ua xu.rca MapKa3nepI, (apxajentcxon,
    Jerrflcxon
    -
    Ba c. Hrayd'lKah.tapbr) Hnu.tdp. .'Iaxrrr 6y Aeep.la utahep_
    nap heJanHK caHar Be ruqapar Mapxa3,rapuxa venpn.nuirnruaraap-
    OHrapuu lNy3H MuuapAa ahaancu, aleraH, KaHA caxfiHnaplrHAaH heq
    xa u.na QapuaHMnplflnap. Eup uox ruahap,rapaa vejaau,rap oa 6ou
    JepJreplaH oKHH Jepn, or,rar KHMH ucruea,qa onyHypay. Epxau opra
    ircp ruahapnHae jaurajan caj',ra ,rox o.nr.rijaH caiarxip- Be rarrflpnap,.
    scacau, aHqar ha*tru ruahapuu caxnx,rspaua xulr*lar e.qilp, erpaQ xaul_
    Jrape Hogapa qapnallar re'ctp xecrapuup4u,lap. Illahap rnrrJll Mec-
    KsHJ-ep eH uo_x Aaponaxux raha
    '{ox poMaJlaurMr,uu euaajerlapnn4e,
    ItlaHy6u Ia;r,rHja, eecrror,
    - Ilrantja, coHpa
    - r.rca apa6 Hcnaurijacur,.
    h_a6e4a Eusanc4a raJrMl,uu,qbr. hapuanl 6y arurajar,repnx o3yH.(a Aa,
    V-VI acpaapaa uehepnap ranasiy,re yrpauuurju. ,rl'arun ou,rapun.
    6a'snaepr, hap haaaa, jeHa.[a qox aha.nrun t.4raap. By uahapajpra,
    r.Ixrl.rcac_Jrau M Hul caHorxapJHr, 4auvn 6asap.nap rarMar,4a r,ut. Xy-
    cycr,ra Hra,rrja sa ExgaxcAa ajpsr-ajpu ruahap,rap IIIapr,re lpu sa-
    cuTaql.t TH!{apor Mapxa3napfl tlnaap. ,IIaxlH, herra 6y nxlajar.napuu
    e3yH.[a aa urahap.nap Qeoaanx3MnH uejraua xa.luacuHa r.ayajjaue4ilun
    To'cHp xecrapMHpau. Aapona rqracr.rHuH qox hHccacHs,[a-uli urahap.
    rrtnrr MacKaHJrape Ha,{[p ha,r,rapaa racaayQ onyHyp]ry. Ou,rapui
    aha,nucn a3 u,llu Ba 6up o re,4ap He3ape qapnaqlat trrlcaara aharutj-
    ,aTe MaJIlrK aeJ Hnar.rnaP.
    fap6n Arpona, 6yrsBnyK.[a, 03 trHxu[aQbrHa xepa iyxcax reparrx
    erMHtr caHarKap.nur uahcyaaapu ucrehca.ru Be r6t3FbrH TH!rapara
    rarlrx oJraH uoxry ruahap.lapuH uuuarnanlajx [IIapraan, harra Et-
    3aHCAaH ,U,a KepH fanbrpabr.
    X-XI acp,rap yvyu lap6u Aaponauuu racap-
    Irlehcyrlap pyQar hajarunaa uyhyu .oajrurx,rax.nap o,r4y.
    ryBEeneprlB Qeo.(a.n screhca.n ycyJryHyr r'lehxaulasuaol xaa
    llHl(llurarDH.
    CellerxH xeEtr
    aJraraaap o,rapar uehcya,qap ryasalap.qa 6au
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    alpnru!cta. re caHarxapJrtrra2 aaha cyp'araa xe1xp4u. Ey
    osyHy caHaTKapnbJf TexHHKacbt B3 BapaHtuJa-
    pUHHH Te,lpnqna 4ajuruuacn Ba raparrn erMacflHAa, tqtuuat ucreh-
    caJrHH xeH[urJaHMac]r Be Qapraauuacux.qa xecrap[paH. Ajpu-ajpu
    caHor HeBnapH: Meran apnAHrMecu ga e'ua;ru uejlau ansaa
    - hep
    ,(aMrrpqlinuK sa cu,rahra juprr.ra, nap'{a [crehcarhr rarau Ba MahyA
    IIapqanap, AapH e'ManH, .(ynyc qapxLIH.qaH llcrnQaAa - oJryHMarJa Aa-
    ha reKMl,tn xu,r ra6aap ucrehcaau, .[,ajHpMaHqHnHr Ba THKHHTH HllI-
    naptr xejru raxMuJulaurMtrurr. Ma'aes rlulJrepl, Ba uyxra,ru$ neura-
    I98
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    Iep - eTaJI, try3- trbrxapDtflrac{, ueIIrS MaTepHarbr, 6anHr, xo3 aapH
    Ta,rapyxy, ,(aHrr3 hejBagnaptr ognaHMacir .4a nHKllrrae
    _uoi,.. "lrpln.-C"-
    HarKapnHn ua'uyaaru xcrehca.nu, Ker,(r.rxqa aaha
    pyQarHH,(aH Qapr.renaH xycycrr eMaK 4pH4
    t't5isctika
    eaaarjjarn ""cep.
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    qeBpnnMacH .na6ya oa4y.
    I

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    naoera HKUrapnanH Ba
    .yqrapnaJlH aKHH clrcreMJraptl hap jepttJ ja-
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    qox AaxuJrr.r MacKyHJrauMa Ba jeHH ropflarnapuu racappyQar 6ilitr-
    MHH1aH_MaHtlMcaHlrrMacn jony r.r.na 6evapuaai ropnaraiiiin .lflecu
    apr,u,H. laxbu Ba rexHuKr.r 6urxalap traraH, qarana, sa-i,[a lni qa
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    xup, 6ocrarvsr.rrur, 6arvuaur, ysyMqyJryK Be KaH.q".racappy$arBrvl.ifi a
    chtx anaraAap onaH qaxHpqaKMa aa jaruaxl,la fleuenepH nutcnura$
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    aprMhuu, '{l.rHc jaxuhuauAHpErnMHuAH. Ar,[aH rar,{a hai6f Hfr[,e
    .(ejfin, Harnrjjar Bacflracrr KriMH aa xeraxrva.gaha xesr.ru jncrridala
    e4rauaja 6auraH4ur; 6a'ex pajon,lapaa araaH ery3 agasxHa aifiin.t-
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    c,yrJlapbrHbrH MHraapbr aa aprAbr. Oeora.n peHracuHur aprna&ha
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    uara 6au;raru. Ey xan.4 racappyQaru MehcynnapbrnbrH 6rp hncca-
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    ruahap.'rapa raqMaFa 6aurnaAu.nap. Favar xau1.'ln.nap l1.ltx ruahapna-
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    199
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    t,ehroru X-XI acp,rap yvyH Anpolala ca_
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    elr,Hp Ba xeHlux reKpap ficrehcaJblH Ha o,'IAyFyHy 6HxMI'lp.u,H.
    Caaa autaa ucrehcanbl xafl[Ta,lH3MraH qox aBBo,'l sa Qeola,rtlsu-
    .qeH ra6ar McjaaHa Ko,'lMLIlll 80 MOBqy.[ O,rMyUIAyp.6y ncrehca.r uyx-
    TanHO ut{TxMaH $opuacuja,rapuu AoFypJlyFy uapaxTo yjrylaaulrtuu
    Ba oHa ra6e oar',ryu1yp. Ca,u.a auraa ucrehca'1bl $eo,ua.rusu uarat.tj-
    jarr yvyn xac or,tyFy rpopuala, 6y ';auujjcran aoFyPAyFy acacJ'Iap
    ysapuiaa rrxnruaQ erMI'lIr Ba hauuu ua-uujjarae herupan.rur egeu
    uap.aHrAsH acbrr'rbl onMylxayp; 6y qaMHjjarl.IH TeKaMYIYHYH Y\lyltx
    I
    rariyHayjryr. l'r.rapslta ia6e orapar oHyH.qa 6lp,rrxaa xHKHtt.ta(b er-
    MHlll,qlrp. Ja,ruus Qeola",ru3M t{ JMII j j CTH Hfl H MY+JI JH M.]p ne"lcc]l H.l.J -
    xblpaa ;ycraru,'I uirehca;rusl,r apuH l{crehca"rl BaclrraJrapl'lu.laH ajpblJl-
    qeBpHnMecH
    Maabl Be H111!rrl TyBBacHHHH KyrnaBr MHrjacAa aMToaJe
    maDaHTuH,[a ca,[a aMTaa acrehcalu xHKI.ruaQ eaapaK xaIIITaJ'IHCT 3M-
    rai ncrehca.nuua qeBpnnMeje 6aur,'Iaalt. 6y saxra raaap Hca, opra
    ga
    l-; acp uohapll $co:a;rlt:v qauujjertls,lo 6alxrllqa avllo lcrehca'lu
    204
    ' !=- 'aF '
    -l I

    My6aAHna MapKa3H o.rIAyFy. KflMu, a"a"" ncrehca,ru aa Oeo.{a-


    J'II,3M 'TIoMAJJJTI,I II|THCA,I I]ATH BA"uo"
    II'ITfiMAH IVPY,IYIIIYHYH Y3BN B3
    ajpbr, r\ra8 htrcclctt o.rapar ra.lbtprlJ.
    LIl..,hcp.tapuu acac uha.rHcx Jlrraa ucrehca.rH sa
    ca h-5m]E-Ti3ilFyr oraH a.aav.rap
    "T1....... ra-laq,.ry
    ..gtii - i

    .h#;;"# ifi;;; rBBJr"lrp, ejHr sattaula, haM ra xupaa J3g!8:


    .rrp o.laH IaYxliiJxd neudJIII coHorKaDJa-D }rnu-
    .epyxyUry.
    ffi.\:arrffiaciH-
    i

    re qalbuxbrpAu - Tuqapur xaMItropHHHH H[Iqt-traprr, xupaul ra hau-


    6ar, rrcjxaua cahu6u, 6ap6sp, KapBaHcapa cahx6,rlpu uaa;rap.
    ,\r a-6a6a.rapbr, a:tJ'r;)r. riJH-t.lrr o.tau ruohap.tlraop ha.ro ),3,vH vyI-
    J,JT rcrJp urahup llucprcrruaa, ucrepcJ AJ olr,&aH xaHaplla 03 erilrg
    caha,repunN, orJarJrapbrHbr ea 6ocrau.rrapsrHu cax,rajup, hejnau 6ac-
    .rejup,ln"tap. 6y, rncvau, XI-XIII acpnapla KrHA rscappyQarHHbrH
    hl.rc xrtQajar r,)-lJp ilrr.)i) xapaK.repH fatttbrvaMacbr N"ra 6ar.lu x1l.r.
    Te.4psq.na uoheprepAa jep,rfi caKr.iH,,rapaeH oJraH [euaKap raqr.ip-
    ,rap MejAaHa Kar}-tp. Ey jeuu nurnuan re6ara uAr. havxu ra6ararxs
    Qaa,rljjar cahecfi aHqar curaa uy6alraacH oxAy. Epxau opra acp-
    ;lopnH Kl3JpKrr h;rjar xc'rrrpau raLrrrpJJpxHAaH Qopr-ru o.rapar, ol"lap,
    6aur.rbr.ra o"'rapar, /taxlrirrr rrrqapar.qa MeuFy"'r ojr)'p, rrrahap.la KaH.q apa-
    cr,rHAa aMres uy6a,un,racx hajara xeuuprpar.rap. Taulp net-tracHHr'rH
    coHarAaH ajpu,rlracu HqrHMati auax 6elxycyula jeHl a.a"auu a.ar.
    Hpr.r uahap,rapaa, xycycB,:la.cujacu-r.rHs16art trapxa3nepae, qox
    saxr, es ahara.rrepn (rya,lyruy,rapu, hap6n aecra,rcpn) u,ta 6up,rnxra
    Qeofla,r;rap,-xpar ae ceujop nltapaqfi,,lxj HuH HyvajaHrerapr, ha6e"'ra
    pyhaurrrop .r,a jauajttp.lu;tap. Aprhrr, Xll-XIII acp"nspaa 6ojl,x ura-
    hap.'rcpIIH aha,ruclrnuu xej,rt hrccacu -racar,yQx rueBa'{u6,,ra (KyHa-
    M.v3.r'r)'.rap, MyBorrarH v,v:-ryp"rap), ha6e.re .1pr:ruvr.rruK Bc orypnyr-
    Jra .1o.raHaH joxcy.r;rap l: ll.
    fap6x AaporranlrH opra acp lrchapr'rapu qox Krrqrh l,tu,'rcp. Or-
    ,rapnH oha,rucr, aaarau, I ia 3-5 uru caKHHrl,aH B6apJT o,rvprv. har-
    ra XIV-XV ecpJlap,ra 6e;ra 20-30 MHH caKHHH o"ran urohap,rap 6o-
    jyx uahapaap heca6 o:rynypay"rap. Au.lar 6a'3H uehap,lapliu aha"rn-
    or 80-100 vrrr ua$apr atxbrp^(rJ (flaprc, Mr;lan, BeHercxja, O,ro-
    peucrrja, Kopaoaa, CeBHnja).
    Opra acp uahapaapu oHJapbrH erpa+HH1a oxaH xaHl.rep,rlJH s3
    xapulrH xepyHytuJrapuHe Ba 6ypa.{a aharrxHxH qeMJ'raHMa aopaqacuHa
    Kops Qaprraflflp,4l.Irap. OH",Iap, aAaraH, 6ypluapH Be xeHH[.r AapBa-
    3aJIapH oJ'IaH yrrra.U,aUI,6a':au Ail arau hacap,rap,ta ahara oayuyp.ly-
    ,rap. Illohap.,tapug erpaQblHa Qcoaa.a,lapux hyllvuy sa .1yurven 6ac-
    TbIHbIHAaH ropyHMar YqYH AapHH xeHAaKJap ,{a usxu,rupAll. Cansr-
    Kapnap Ba raqHpnap Keurt-lK qeKr.tp ne urahap jurua hap6t rolxyHyHy
    TaIIIKHJI e,U, p.llHnap. Kella uahap apeasa,rapLI 6aF,,IaHhUIbtp,Ur,r. Opra
    acp uahapuun ahare e,aas.qHBaprap,3aMaH xer{,[Hxqe rapJbrr e.].Hp
    aa 6y1yn uahap ruxrrrr,:spH 6y lr.rBapnapbrH rrqapxcxHe jep"raurutp-
    4r. lllahapnn r.rJrKHH MapKa3aHa (6ypi, cxre) auara KarupaH AlrBap-
    aap arpaQunla, TaApHqJa uahapa januurur uacKaH.-rap
    onapar csHarKap,rapuH jauralurnapr,r race6airap, uahs;l,ta"rap - 6aur",rbl,,la
    llej.ua- .1

    Ha r(onxp.[lr. Ejnn neu:aaeu oJraH caHarKap,rap, ajtaraH, 6Ep xyvaga


    205
    l
    -.J
    -r i'-l:f,r#
    6ajup uahap 4a coHpariap, 03 HoB-
    i11t3.i-u-nay-gin.,Illehaperpaeu -
    j.'-p-t'- jio;itanaH;pa;+I;h;;;
    -i-"."
    ;::'L1iITI"1'":'"p..:i"
    MapKa3H iepn 6agan MeiAaHbr ;1"j'.T:5,.i1
    lrAH. nvra'rn Oio
    rcPiL
    cbrHErH 6HHacEr
    pIq sca, h"rr' ia

    EIH,[A
    a uahapxn hy-
    OT
    4ouys), rrox BaxT
    -Baxr
    o:rypav. EsJrap-Gox
    ".rrffi
    [:X:l]3,I;9,H,"H"^if.:1."-llpt:g:t9i,,.,J*""i*",,'',,"io"*"p,"_
    !:1"! Il
    rn xyve*i*n o-'6, p, ; r r; H;'J, ; il'r:T,
    ,#-
    raH qhlxblHrhlja ";;;-';
    'reBpHnrp, ""p;'O 6rp.6rpuna ,r*vlvpairrp ar+
    ffi
    s1=1J,91,H{ee KYq""' "i_r:!?_ u'uurbrnbr r'v;iii.rvi xffi
    Jr_a-p HH rr rrrbrrJr a HAhrpbrn M a
    FlHr[ rarbrJrapH Ba Harr{c. aaolll, e,ra 6up6aua
    cbrH a haJra 6a ru,ra, bfi M a M bilil:Ei; : j;_
    -yr;i""; arbrnbrp-
    *X;,YI#';'::L".::^.l.1:.1:{1.-ru.".!"-p-i'pa":bl,v-v,v*"d'",HKn0pKe-
    Hxru jaju;rup, BHpaHaeArrqx
    lanruH,rrap o.lypay.

    . lllohepa.aplr -Tad€-o,,rM
    o""jy^_"::It1"!*
    fEFE ag_!g 6yH-iT
    a,,r H r.qunaD.

    ,"h.I'3""i,ffi ;l;"",n,, Ffr#ffifuffi j.-*:;;'"" I;',iil}*lT.''*3i


    -lapanuacti. MHUI aFanaph[Hhlu jauuu.qag
    raqM6r[I Ba ja oH-
    aap rapaQu_n4as rojuy uyra6u,rnHJle a3arrrHFa
    6ypaxuauuru *n"arrajp u.iu.'qoi ;r-i ;-;;ij;;;"riJ
    ujlnaprH ceHjopyxaaH acu,rsr ha.ra ayllrypayaap. i."naaaau
    r.r_
    111--: .l,L,rx
    srlnnlal{e M"ien rr{uEif-iF:ea:
    r{vuxa
    paHMbIrX AA MACKOH CAJIAH KEqMfiIII KEHA,'IH"'IAP,
    191q"n (ypa, opa1a Ma_BdyI onMyrx uqMa a,,rarnapH Ba
    o3,,Iapn I-rrra
    BepA[[rnapHHa .[e xerrpMurxruaap. Eyn.rap nca opra acpnapaa us_
    mp e3YHyHAapecr.r TaurKr.rnaTbrH,a H J3apaqa pfl a,{a r re'cHp KecTep Mri lIl -
    4u. flaxuu, 3aMaH KeqavKr{o, 6y raruxxlar urahap ueuajlarrHrn og
    xyclcrjjaraapt ua reae6.napr.rna yjryn o,raH eofua"rapi' Ayurypry.
    Oeoag.naapuu uahap.rapAau MyMKyH raaap qoxry Kanrrp aa.qe er-
    uaja va.muuaaapu, .rri6y1 o,rapar,
    aa__I: As H
    p, aBBanqa, 3YnMYnYH
    gafta
    Aafia arup
    aFHp Sopraaapunaan a3ar orMar yFpyHIa
    QopfanapbrHlaH a3a,E yFpyHra cenjop aepxu-
    - uy6ap
    napHRr{H a3arAr,urMacbr, ruvapar ururrj a e,,rapLr yFpyHAa usa a na-
    pDIpAblEp. Coupaaap 6y uy6apnsa 6ejyjy6 urahep esysiuaapacr yn-
    pyHAa ctrjacH r',ry6apnsaja qeBpr.rnar.r xr.r, 6yxy aa aAa6sjjarla <rou-
    uyna haperaru> a.[naH,[],rpMar ra6yl eAn,rrr.ruurarap. lllahapHu Qeo-
    agreeHjopa" myuacu6arla MycrargJrbrJrHl( aapoqaclrHH, oHyH HrrncaaH
    raparFEcE aa cujacn rypynyuyHy 6y uy6apusanux Haruuacl.r uyajjan
    efispIfi. H3SCH

    206
    --- -t-JrsrF

    .i
    :l)l
    I

    F,
    l

    7t
    7"e
    lO-]"
    Opra acp urahapr (Keau XII ecpflfi axuprapEuAa).'
    l.-Pora hlcapDr; 2-X ecp hacap!; 3-XII ecpf,E 6auuasrlrr!fiaa heqpi l-hacap Xlt
    3cputs coHysaa; 5-Tr{apeT-caEar racryErapu: FaDxx atrBcroyryE Erax.riahu; 7-Co6o9:
    &-xrnca: g-,<ehHa 6a3api lo-reBrl 6a3a9. 3H cox lalEuEru oprs ecp ujah.p rtrrreDrruaB
    6spf, xero .qejaprap .qorFyaersr Eahep, 6rp Heqa .xyBaDsuu rapu[Irach| Hartcecanre
    JapaEMHEAhrp; Hrx AoBp xacxyErapE, aE cor xehrcxraHv., 6a3apra 6xpnxxAa ,r{ap3r
    crser noraH Ee c. Mecanas, opra acp KerH. Illshapx xahi 6ei. JapaHMNlrANp. OHyB ecaau.
    Hlr r!6rrrvnaHrxpuri,xur poMa AYEapxscr, jepfi aprtrJerucxonyH yraMsrxatEr (Ix ecDsrr
    axHpH), 6a3rprra 6rprsKAe r[{apar ca8arr.acKiH naplr (X 3c?) iaurxxa eAup; X-XII iy3.
    IJrrxla llahaDi! cpasrcs Ba ahrJrEc, racrrB cyDrrAa aprAtr.
    ' BANEPI AAXIIII{HAO UAhAP,TapTu BapJ,II,IFI,IIIbI Ba HHKIuaQHHI]I 1a'MIIH
    e'l MaK yFpvH,[a a naprrnbrpabr.
    6a saH uahap.rap QeoJ,a"r:rs nr',r.raajpu.alo;r aJa-l.lbrr Bo rrMTl!-
    ja:.rap a,ruara MyBa++Jr pn\'.rap riu. 6r u.rap .l.a llrhep xaprnja-
    o.rr)
    napbIH,Ia rec6HT o"!yHypay; 6aura ha.r,rap,'ta rrcJ 6\'rrrrrrrja:.rep. i1.-
    - cyctr,]e e3yHyruapo h1rvn. r':r'Hcypall, 6a'3aH cu.rah.isr lr1;6aprr:rc ni-
    TrqacrrHlfa a.tJ.,t o.r) H),l)A\'.
    Kouul,ua hapariariiiyxrc,r rrQ Aupona e.rrr.r.rpHH.fJ, oH":ral)rrrr r- _r
    .. pu,{rr tllKuxlad) uapa[rr.rHAeH acbr.rrbr o,]apar, MyxraxuQ qIp r]icrlrfirx
    Ba [{\.xra,ru+ Harr.rqa"qep loF,vp}ryrul} p I\-XII ocpJJp.ls ryBElcr.rrr
    ' MepKa3H haxnurrjjar o.,rMajaH Lfluya.ur aa Opra Hia.rri jara,-ha6e.ra
    Hany6x OpancaAa uahap.rHxep, aprslr. hcnurr l1':ll"r.rrri.rcpao u1-c-
    rer!rr'r.'rr.rx eJ.ro erMeja MyBe+Oer oirr.l'.qap. Lllrrrra.rrr so Opra I4ra.ru-
    jauurn 6up uox ruahap;repu-Beueror ja, Keuvja. @,ropcrrcrrja, Crrjeua,
    Jlyrxa. Paaeura, Eolonja, Jlrr.raH aa 6. apisrr 6!' 3aMatr uahep
    A6u.'r,)T"repJ,{eBpH,lj(r.tJrJp. Alplarlrx i.rH}i3lHlrr la",rvacu-ja cahlr.ras- -
    IeKI c.raBiaH urohapx,[,y6posHHK Ia, q,axTxhI o.]apar. \l\cT.rr .t ul.,-
    h-p plcnr6.rrrrachr r.11. J.r'Fp)l)p. 6r' uahop. $opira.r utaxrr.r ru ,e-
    ga";rqa 6u3ascrrn, coHpa BeHercnjaur,lu, XYI ccprrn coul'tlau rca i\la-
    qapbtcraHbrH a,rn harurrar.rj jaruHlt ra6-v,'r erMrrrrrt.
    XII-XIII A,ruaurjala urunepN ja VA
    'rt.raDrr aa 6r'sa
    lrMnepaTopa ra
    o,rca-rap Ia, ac"llrHla-frTcrarfl,q [Jl],1
    6ex, _[a u6; pr. Bpeuer lSpu-EFlil
    6.). 61' ur5tr5p.rapr 6yproMncrprH 6aruqu.rui erlrrjrr ruihap ulypa.ia-.
    pbl I.IAapa eAHp.4fi. OH,,Iap MfcrerH.r cyparAa uyhapt6a e',raH e,ra,
    cy,'Ih 6aF,,ra ja, nyJ Koc.{}rpa 6rrcp.1u.rap aa c.
    lllrlnarx (DpaHcaHbrH (AujeH. Cer-KaHreH, HvajoH, Eoae, Cyac-
    cox, ,{aH aa 6.), ha6e.ra @.raupujauuu (l(enr, Epyrixe, I.lnp, ,,'I r"r.t,
    Aye, Cexr-Ollep. Appacl 6lp uor ut,rhrp.rlpr o r $r,o-rr.r c(,H jop.ra-
    pbIHa rapubt L{Ha,qnbr, qox Baxr cH.lah.rbt M\6aprr3e H.rTtrLlacrrH:1i) o3\'-
    HYKAapa eaaH utahap qcBpnnluJap. Ou;ap o: rrua-
    pflrapIHAaH uahap uypacHHst, - KoMMvHa.rapa
    ouyH 6auruucsrusl r\lepn Ba 6aura
    urahap oaauQa,ru uaxcnap ceua 6r.rap,{u.rrcp. E1' - urahap KoM-
    Hrtl]ape elarr urahap-xoMM! Ha.rapa rretspfl.]t{p-trr.-r3p. ox.lap-es uua-
    ua,rnjjacx sa uahap aha.racnua aepxr rojva h1-rvn' uaplu. IIIahep
    rioMMyHaJlap cenjopyn xejpnHJ 6Hjap Ba rojlryraH, honqusrrrr 6au-
    - ceHjop
    ra BepxHJ'rap[.rHleH a3aA oJyH]'pjr ]'-r a p. EIryH 61' ny xc;l.r oor.r jjar
    Be Bepxrnap aBa3HHra ruahop,ru.rap hop n.r cexjopa MyajjaH, HHC6a-
    TaH a3 [yJl peHracrr Bepup, ceHjop rul'hapu6a erlrx4a oua xeuaja
    xr.ruur hep6t,(acra KoHAap Llp.aIr,rep. Llox eaxr urahcp
    pHH e3napI-I 4a ruahaparpadru apa3HIJ jau]ajaH h.rH-l.IIr.1apIrrr - KoMMyra.ra-Ko.]-
    neKr[B ceHjopv onyply.'rap. ,[,uxap rapaQlau, uahap.lJp nlejj.ru ra-
    ,qap acbrJr6r or'rapar raJr,[r,rr,,rapbr 03 ceHjopJlapHHa M\:Haclr6arAa, Qop-
    'Ma,I O"la par, xoJ'lJeKTI.IB eacca. l aa: lrj j or uH.[d ul,u.r Jp.
    JIaxuu, uapxastr harnvrjjarnH src6eras r\-BBar,rH o.'rryFy o.,rKe-
    ,apAo, xYcyct,lna, Kpa,'I Toplarxapr,IHIa jepJ-IslxoH 6a'su, harra o,'IAyr'{a
    eharurjjaira Ba 3sHKr.rH rrahap,rap raM o3yHyu.[apa hyryry c,r1a er-
    208
    17="'' --l

    Maj:r M\ BoOOar o.1a 6u.-IMe.u.tr"l4p. Ou.rap 6up cupa tturrrja: Ba a3al.- i


    Jlr,lf.rap.raH. o rr\'lLIil.IeH 03yHYH ceqKlr.rlr trtahep e:11 Hl taaPa optaH-
    ..rapbrH.i \ra.rrrli o.lrrar h1ry11'H.laH ttcruQa:c eLxPJ.rr.IeP. ,rlarinn 6y
    oi)iaH.rap Kpa.rbrlr u.r ja 6aula ceujopl rr ra'irrx er-tttjtt lrd ill) p.lap.la
    6rlir,rrrrir,J Qaa.rrrjjlr KecrJplrp.lrJOp (r\krc;.ran. @panca:a f[apac,
    Op,,ean, 61:px,,-loppuc, Hanr, lllaprp ac 6up uox 6aurra.l apr't:. LIu-
    Kflxrapeai),:Iou.rorr, .rIllHr<o.nu, Hneeau, OKCOop.{, I(eu6pav, fnocJgp, ,l
    Hopx.i, Jopr). lUalrap o:l uyrrlapacauru 61' q)opMacbt, haltvutuu I4p-
    Jarrtrrja. Criarr:rttanttja o-rtio.toPIt, A,rvaHtrja er r\latapr,rcrauun 6xp
    uo:: ur,rhap.rapx yu1'rr la ca.rujjasr ulrt. OPra acp ur.rhap.repuunu a.r-
    rr,.:.rapbr lr\rTIlla3 BJ a3a,l.rbrr.raP. 6ap ,llx uah.lr-1rll Tox)'Hl'.'I M a 3.'lbI I
    i1 .::\i\HTTTCT) filrrlrja:.rapu tr.rr oxttrap O.rr'6, (leora.l xapaKTepu
    /].aujbl.jbrPtr,r.lap.6,.'uahap.raprtH 03-13pIl tICa \'3]H 11\ -l.f.ar e3.'IopHHxil
    u,l:r..i.rrr ttt,rhap rt:rttadrejnHlr h.rp rLtejtatt yer\H r\Tall Talla.tst 6ttp.lttx-
    .'r;p fif.8.13p.
    6up ,1s1 ruahap,rap. xyc\cr.ra e: cenjop.rapuua raprutr uy6apusa
    anapMar- \'qIH .ra3bIlrtI ralap fyBBacH Ba [v.'r Bacarrrn ollrajan xup-
    .u,a uJhap.r3p raMaMlr.la ceHjop.raputr alapavu.rrrjrr a.lrbrHfa ra.,l.rbrnap.
    E1'. haluturr, pyhauu cenjop.rapa lraxcvc urchap"rap yqyn .u.a cJ-
    qtljjJBH HIH. OHrap o: uahap;lr.r"rap xua \\c]-cIt..'rJ aFbrp s\.rM ealrp-
    ,l]' 11"Iap.
    lllahaprapnH ceHjop"rap_a rapuru trl6apu:actrHtur HerHqa.tapn Ha
    rr_Jl, M\xr;r,rrrp ('.rca -1a. 6v rrl6aplrs.r 6lrp.rroc;..r.rL.r ejurr neiavaja
    MaJ,rlrK urlr: 61'11u ruchcp"ru"rrp rahxrvurr'rrx'acu.ru.rurliu.rrs urrxcan
    asa4 o.r.ly,rap. Opra acplap AnponacHu.qa 6e.ra 6Hp rajga 6opropap
    or,r] rifi, urahspa rauaH'trahxurr"'rx KaH.r.tH Ia opala rvilajjoH MI,Uei
    (A,ruauaja ea Hur*r.rrapa.{a, a.q,rraH, 6rrp n,r 6ap xyHi jiuaasrraau
    coHpa a3a.il o"l1-plr'. Opra Jcp.tap,ta ara.rap co3\. aapiu; <lllahap
    haeacbl asal"rsrr 6arur e,1lp>.
    Ulahrp
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    nJ [aJap{ JJIA eTll.rh AeJHn, Bap.']aHr\rar IeJr.tJ, OHyH nroarejAto.ra.
    jrr xysapax japaruar.-.>r u1t. JIaxru, KeHAJuAa11 Oapr.'rH onapaa,
    nerua cahs6a cJHerfiap, 6tpuuur.rcn, ;ran asee,rlaH euraa acieh-
    {a,tqbrcH r.lArr, -oMTaa rscappyQaruuctt HrH; rrKHH,riHc}r, oxyn 6Hp t.tc_
    rehcal sacurecu KuMH roprraFa ehrlja'{H jox xax. E1,Hi xopa aa
    uahap caHarxnAa 6u;rasacxra tcrehca,nquxsrr.l Oeoaa"rlaH uIaxcu acu-
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    JIHirlhIFbI
    aa urehap,rapru r.ttxnuraQu npocec[HAa ci'p'eria apaaiu ra,rxaH.
    Jlaxwru 6yp ag,a rejpu-arrucalr r,aau6ypuj jarru caxaruH cex raurKfiJra-
    rsr.ee uahap rypy,tyrnyHyH e3 ecacHHa Kopa Qeoaa.r uahujjaru ga-
    urarjau xopnopac ja r_re 6ar.nu o.ran 6aiira $op
    - cHnKE xapaKrepu
    Ma.TapbrHa (cex aul6lplrjjarlr, cex, TH,{apar Hl3auHaMarapH Ba
    I l
    Apxua }lapxca 3ure.rr,ca, r. II (VII), crp. Ill. I
    l4 cq$, ii3
    -:.],-..+-..?,:\1.].ry4):,.

    '. n. a.) racaryQ onyHyp. JIaKnH 6y Ma,,r6yprjjar QeoaanbrH aejrrr, ua-


    :/
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    Jarn
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    je'Hu cexaapaa, ceHerKap urrrQar.naprrnaa 6lrp,riduacr.r r.rari. CexiSp"
    AeMar( onap, urahap,rapux osreptr HJre ejun savaula l,1ratl.ialZ.
    . a.prur, X acpraH 6aur.najapar, OpaHca, Huxn.nrepa ra - A.nuaHilala
    .. XI acplau, XII acpun ess5.'urapfliaaH vejraua re,rururqu. hapv'aHg,
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    napaaH xycyc xaprnjalapuu aJrbrHMacbr, cex HH3aMHaMaJreprrHHH Tep-
    rr6u na jasx;ru ha.rr,lsa ca.nunuacu), 6up rajaa olapar, coHpanap
    6aru neprx.
    xblpAa eMraa ucrehcanuu.napuutrn _ ruahep
    - Cexnap Mycror-uJl
    coHerKapnapHHHH TauKxJrarJlapbr xl,tun raejAaua xaarranuraraap. By
    ceHarKapnapHH Qeolaaaapa rapuH $Hpna1IJMaK Ba 03
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    HanapHHa onaH
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    JaIIJIapHHLI Be vM\^,r,
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    I(HJraTEr YqyH, rHcMaH, KaHA r..rqMacbr-MapKa fypyr,ryluy .qa HyMyHA
    po,ry ojuanuurau.
    Cexlap,ua 6npaautuHur caHarKapJrap 6x.nagacara ucrehca.nruaap
    aa ncrehcaa Bac[ranap[H[H rr.ryaxn jjeruraaapu slulep. Ou,,rapuu hai
    6upxnuu ajpnva xycycu e'va.narxasacu sap4n; 6y cauarxap 03 a,rar-
    napH Be xaMMarbr Haa uut.najtpflr.r. MapxcuH ra'6upuHua <o 03 uc_
    TencaJI BacBTaJIapH Hn3 eJIa CbrX noBytxMyrxay KH, caHKH lt.n6rg qaHa-
    FIrHa cuFtrHMbrrl.qu>I Cenar, 6r.rp rajaa onapat, HaclnAaH-HecJro xe-
    rnpau. Eup-6upuHu sBo3 e,(aH 6tlp qox ceHarKap Hacnr,'rspfl era 03
    6a6a.rapu sa yay_ 6a6a.napulbrH HlrrJra.rr,HKJ'rapu alaraap ae ycy.r;rapaa
    nuaajnpauaap. CaHarxap e'ua.narxanacu,laxaJtrH,(a auar 6e,rxycy,
    ,IeMJK onap xr.r lox u,4n. euax 6e.lxycy ceHarrapnb:r,n aH jeuu neutaaa-
    pEH ajpbuMacH xla hajara KeqfiplurupAr.r. Ey jeHu neuaaap.4aH oraH
    canHr(ap,rap Aa o3nopxHlH ajpr,rua cea.napuHn japaaupluaap. Ouer
    6eaxycy aprAbrrqa 6y vyp cex.napnx Aa cajLr aprbrpru. 6up 'rox ure-
    haprapla oHnaprla, ex 6ejyr uahepaapaa uco jyslapla cex rapAu,
    Csuarxapa 03 HurHHJla, aAaraH, aHJrocr KoM3K earpal. tlox saxr
    ouyuaa 6npaxxaa 6r.rp na ja HKH ycra KoMaKtrHcH, hal,lunnux 6up aa
    ja 6np neva ruaxnpl nulajwpair. .
    aurc]trlaaal]lanacunun cahH6u cex

    I lloprc K. t S42enoc @., Cor., t. 23, crp. 371.


    2to

    L
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    i
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    -y3apuHne cex ruhtcapu 6aprapap onMyully. Aauauuja4a 6y


    Har
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    l

    onMajaH caHarKapJrapr,rH 6r.rp vox Hcrehca,'rqbrna p yqyH rahnyKarH


    oaar para6ar HMKaHH apalai ran.[,Hp brn H pabr. l

    n3p oxp cexxH y3B.repfi MapafJ,rbl r.taHJ,rap KH, OH,,rapbrH Ma,Myna_


    TbI Maueecfi3 c?Tbrr'rCbrH. Byua xepa aa cex, ucrehcarr, 'r"aan
    Aa reH3[IM eIHp Ba cext.rH xycyc[ onapat ceqHJrIMr{t-u eesuQarH aAaMtI "yp"r-
    Baclrracl.t.ra hap 6tp I'cranuH-cex ysaynyH rrryajjan neaa5
    Ba Kei$lri_
    L"ll-" y?!"y" 6ypaxuacuna Hasapai elapaa. 'C',j*,- ,o*yHy_
    naqar napqaHbrH eHH Ba paHKHHa, oHyH apttlxnHla (-_rr.ra,racxn4a)
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    oHpJrr.UI onaH cex rHcraHqJlHrna n3najflprt xu, 6yryn cex y3Bnapu-
    srH ncrehcaau xupaa r.rcrehcaa xapaKrepn aauruclrd; onrrp4an i:er
    6rpn vox rua.n 6ypaxu6 6arura.raplrnu br.apaan chrxH;rHpMacbrH.
    5y ruarcaraa cex su3aMHaMerapn 'hap 6up yirauu, :.r""ad
    ja 6uaavaju ycra KoMaxq[JrapH Be uaxHplnapuHHH caj6rHH "rir"_ rrlI,L(H
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    JIaMaJu ra.{aFaH eAfip, cagarKapbrH uunaj€ 6u,ravajll aa3xahnaphrH
    cajHHH Mahlyrnau.(hlpHp, xaur,aan ehrular,rapolxu, caHarKapnHt
    Ma Myn-aTbtHHH rHlMaTHHr.r Ba I{. a._Hbr TaH3HM e,llHp.lrr.
    Illahap;rapaa caHarKapJrbrFbrH cex ralrrKu.rrarbr oHaapuu Qeoaaa ra-
    -
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    .{an rypynyuyHa urahap,rapAe KopnopacHja rrryaxnj jarn, c5uarrapau_
    FHH Qeoran rauKHrarrJ MyBaQlrr xaaxpaurl. 6y uyp rauuxuaar
    opra acp vaunjjaruu.ua idyajjau AeBpa nalap uahcy,raap ryBBenapnH,
    uahapaap^la auraa acrehca,runuu aixnura6u yvyi aaha Sauepnrran
    ulapaur japa.Ibrp.qu. Cex ncrehcalu uapvuaact Aaxr.rJ,rrrHAe HlrrgMalt l

    aMaK 6€nKycyHyH, Her.[[Kq{a jeru-jeHn ceHarKap cexnepr.rHHH ajpbln- l


    MacH (popMacbrH!.a, Aaha Aa xnxtruaQu Be AapHHneuMacH MyMrryH
    H,[l{. Cex
    -typyny[\, Hcrehcar onyHaH Ma,r,rrapErH rre[IHAHuIlH aprMachr
    aa KeiquiiaruHut il,Kca,t acuHa Ke aK edupdu. Os eapnotrwxua 69
    r.'n{ aoBpyHAa cexnap, J'raHK aa oJrca, Taapr{lrna canarrapaur rcreh_
    carbr a,rraTJ,rep[ 83 caHaTKapIbrt BApAHUnapHHrrH TaKMHIIOIJAHpHJI-
    MacHHa rMKaH jaqgruparr.

    I Mapxc K. u ?rceaoc @. Co,{., r..3, crp. 23. My,u[jjartr cerlrr


    uyajjoH xxrncac Be ja neua Y3ApUHle
    Ko_pnopacxja
    nHnXCaPHH,(aH Hoapar [trti.
    l
    14. -
    2u
    l

    ;l
    **{;l,'Li:i'1
    lfl-I-"r.--"-
    :

    Eyua xepa_lo,. rarpr6au, XIV acpun coxy acprln aBBaJrHa


    raAaP cexlap lap6u AsponaAa Myroparrlr po",r -XV
    o jua jupAur,,rap. Oa"rap
    ' caHarKap.tapu ho4cus Qeu4a,r uCrrriuapuu,r1ar 'rop'y1yp,
    o 3aMaHKbr.
    6a:apug Qesra,r'aas lapoqoAe v;h4ya o,llyry Ottp :tra-partraa urahap
    xblpaa ucrehca,'r uur'rap uHbrH Ky3epaHbrHbr ra'lirrrr e;,xp, oHJrapbrH apa-
    :- cl,ls,(a para6aru jylrrua,r,qsrp Ba caHarKapJapbr urohap,rapc Ka.lJH xaH,r
    cJHarKapJa p H Hbru pcra6aruulau nyaaQuc e.{upal.
    Be,rarlx"'1.r, K. Mapxcsru reja eralju xul,l, O"oaa,, acrchcaa ycy-

    japaau,ruacH, 6yryH opra ocp Hfi3aM.taMa pcxHMr.r, ajrAe oJyHMytu


    uahcylaap rYBBa.-r3pJ B.r dBadJ"lAp MeBqya o"ry6 6y ra cxcar"lapbr
    AoFypMyrx H!rr[Ma_H rypynyua lryaa$xr o,raH jexaHa ltltrHMaH ]uyHa_
    cr6ar"rap HAUJi,p)'1.
    Cex rourxll,raru o3yHyH aH uyhyna rurnua u-Hrrxcalta aa:urfa"ta-
    ptrux hejara Ke_qHpMaK,ta uehgya"'rauruup, urahap ccuarrtapu haja-
    runsrH. 6yryH caha.lepuau ahara eaupAH. Cex.,tap ruahap;u,raprrn
    Qio-
    ,{a faplxbr, coflpalap xcJ naTpHCuaTblH aFa.:tbrFrJHa raprubr
    -ceHloP.rapa
    lty6apuslrlc 6lp,remvocrrtla vyhyn po;r ojsauurulu,rap. Cex, ha-v 3s
    hap6u rauxt"rar.r1l. Ey rorlKlr,,raT urehaptu uylaeuscau4s ysrx-
    PaK e.4lip aa lryhapn6a 6aur aep4ax4a ajpu,la hap-6r aahxl xrur
    tIHxHru eAlpafl. C,er oeyueuaxcvc Ar.rHH rourKr.rr'rar u4u. OHyx o: <lr,ry-
    raa,{ec>H eapru. havuu l(yHy cex 6ajpaM e.ulpau. Cc_rlu e: xu.:ca,
    crl Aa onypAy. Cex, hcu,lanuH caHarKaprapbrH rapurbrJbrrnbt jap.],btM
    TaIIKHJrarbr ugu. O ehrujavu o,,raH cex y3Br,rapHHa Be oHnapr,rH asJ,ro-
    JlepxHe cex \'3BY xJCTJ.rrHnXK.au Bi e.lnyxne japaur,a eatpal.
    Opra acp Asponacunqa cex clrcrcrrH, hap ha:raa, yHuBepcan c[c-
    rev aeju.,,t.u,x. Etp uox onKa.:tapAa o xsc6eraH as jaju;rvuurau ga hep
    jepaa 6r.rrxuu OopMaja jr,yuMaMr.trxrlr. Ba'st o,rxa,rapAa (rraaca,ran,
    @pancauux ,lauy6yula sa 6e'srl 6aura sx,rajar,rapae) oHyx,ra jaua-
    utbr <a3aA cauer> ,4ejn,rox ceHerxapJtHr .{a BapAr,r. ,IIaxun <<a:a1 ca-
    uar>nu hex:upau,rur erlujr.r uehap.rap.{s Aa jep,tn a3yHyriAapa opraH-
    napbr rapS(DrrHAan ncrehcaaux HHsaMJraHMacH Ba uehop cJHarhap-
    rapu ruhxcap r,rubrH My.[aQHe onyH MacbrHa racaayO o,,lyHyp.
    Cex.repra uahep tr*
    nalptcflarH xra
    iry6ap[sac.
    KeqMacIt
    urahap.lapaa, aprnr,
    JlauMa xerMHrxAr.r. EyHa xepa 4a Qeo;1a,r ceHjop,rap,ra uy6apuea 6y-
    ryu urahap,ru;IapHH ryBBacr{ r.rJra Kerce r.a oHyH HerrlqsJropr.rHAaH, aAo-
    rau, uahap aha.nncunru jyxapu ra6araaapu (ea) cahn6aapx,
    ropnar cahr6.napu, o qyMJa,laH hauqrsru Qeo4a,r - MyJKranax ropnar ca-
    hr6,rapr.r, conaMq[Jrrap. TpaH3r.rr ruqaperrs MauFyn o,'raH Bapxbl 'ra.
    INITPN3P TOIIAAH CATHII TAIIXP,'I3PU HCTHOAAA CTAH,IED'
    -
    Ey, jyxapu uurujas,tn ra6ara uah1y4, rana,rbl rpyn o,rMar"ra a-
    hap acursa4a,rapr (narpucnar) firlt. Ev ra6erc es cupa,rapuua jexr
    y3BJrapu qarHH.'rHK.'ra 6ypaxbrpabl. lllchep ul-vpact. uahap paHCH,

    I Mupxt K I Sieenbc O. Coq., r. 27, crp. 403.


    2t2

    L
    I I

    ha6eaa ruchap lrohxaua xo,r;rexujacu (uerlrpea, eureaen, cxa6an)


    a ,uoucy6 o,'raH a,rlaM.rlapbll IrqaplrclrH.laH cequilrp-
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    I
    I
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    oJyHyp,ny.
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    haxauujjar yFpyHAa_, ur,Jh3-p_ _lra'r pucHarbl H.t.r ly6apx3Jjr Kr1pHpI,,-
    ;rap. Ey lry6aprr:a XIII-XV acp,,rrp,[a opra ,,cp.!rp Asponacnxuu,
    AeM?K oJap, 6yryH o.TKo,tJprH,(o KeHutljJIJHIfl Ba qor satr cI;rah",]bI
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    I(oaH1a, Ayrc6ypraa, @,ropexcujaAa) cex,rap ra"ru6 xa"llu,rap. Keusru
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    hap,rapla uce v16apusa.a,aH jyxapbr urahap ra6ara;apx ra,tu6 xuuu
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    suu 6aurra uahapnapHHAa 6e,,ra oar,ayurly). "-IaxNu cex,rapuu ra;u6
    KanalrKnapx jepnapla aa uahapuH H.B,ape onyHMacbr i)cn JeMoKparlK
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    .lnpveri qah,r,H, JH'aHaBH YcyJ,rrapbt B3 eMaK a"lar"lapHHl-l, pera6cT,LeH
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    ,rlaxl-tH Mshcy,rrap ryBBarrlap UHKH[ra0 errHKrrlo, raxHl'It't Ba xap - 1
    ua 6asap KeHrlu.LrcHAI.lKlta cex aaxH,'IHHAJx a a j p sr-a j pu caHarKa Pnap ;l
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    KeHuuraH.rllplrp, cexJepaa aurax 6apa6apcxerujN aa tturuuau 6apa-
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    6arau joxcy.r ycrarapa. Htlr eeprrla ja, 6au;ra u Hu,ilblxa p. Ou,rap hauxn
    ycranapH xaMMa,'r Ba ja japulrQa6purarJa p.ra ra'ltru elxp aa ha-
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    !.r l.rp KyrnecHHIH xqapHcr.rH.tloH rd.[pHqJe jyxapu cex BapnblflapH aj-

    prrr.'rhrp,'rhr. havltn jyxapu cex Bap,lbL'IapbI xbrp.fa )cra.'rapbl


    sacure rcrehca,'lqbl'lapbr HcrHcMap eAHpAH.r'IaP.
    - 6u.Ta-
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    xHH cexlapra jarauu, (<aur> aa ia <6ejyx> cex"'top,ra), Htc6arau
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    sahyp errn. Ee"ra 6erxy rr,tx uea6a.qa aH Llplt uahapJap.l,a-O.'IopeHcu-
    ja, Ilepyuva,,rlosaos, Eprcro,r, flaprc, Ea:e"r ea 6. urahap,rapTra 6au
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    triiDvHre (XI-XII acD.!.p) r6plrr rtrDH ,!,oBtqr'
    $ar hajarutaa rrqlaPar 6o- iiol'iii xiraapra Eia )(lll ecpf,e 6!9ErrB ,a'
    jyx juP.rst.
    po.rr ojua Jlaxun DucrrBra llDllallrlapLr .!,a!rat!ap roctaDEr'
    iimlrp; deixorr.aapsE hertrrllrrtrrrr- Itp.f,'
    'rtrqapar, acacax, BeHercnja, auru 'ia cvry'r eirrrx rrpEirep r.ra o.ryx'
    I(enyja, fL.rsaustH aJlEHAa HAH xyrrayp.
    KI.I, OHrap Aa xaqJIbI lloBxar-
    JaprrHLtH ,iraxu"rHH.le Ilrrrtcaru aJIars,'Iep japaruara- -ueha - erMup' xa'
    prvu 6a:apslr uHxruraQl:tta uei,r xecrapup.ur,rap. Hraaxja ralltlpJlo-
    pu Cypnja (Dc"racrHu[H ,'IH]vall uahapnepl.lHla MYnYM IIMTHJa3nap
    'erlia sa
    a,raa urAn,r ap. On,rap jep.ln
    -
    hexyrtler opraHJIaphlIIAaH acbIJIbI Ae-
    jal.arlaap ss Hia.,lujaaau ri'jzr o.rlyxuyur Koucynnap repeSunAen
    HAapa onyHypJ,ynap.
    Kuaca xaq,ru ,[eBnar,lap]IHAa 'rox 6ejyx ropflar MYnKrep[ sra
    1e{HpMuruaH. Illapraaxu Qeoaalaapuu HYoy3ny h[ccocH KaroJItiK
    ulepipx,'lapaau u6apar uari. Ou,nap inaca onaa6npu ueKIIHHra 6ejYK
    BacaHT TonnajHpAbIJIap Ba BepKIrnapAaH a3aA HAHnep.

    | .Ear: Maprc K, L 1v2erbc @., Cor., t. 39, ceh. 366.


    22t
    . .-.'. T_- !-"=]1:FryF':r:=r.: 1

    _ lleBneTnoplj q,ox Aasaucus HAliJ.rop. Ey aoa-,r;rr.,rop Cypuja


    Ba la11"
    (Da,,IucruHIa aap cahu.n 3or,laFbIDbI
    oharo c;1ltu xllglx /LaFbrubrr
    l MynKJrcpJtoH x6apcr HAy,,rop. Ou.rapul, AeMox onap, 1200 nu.rrr_ruerpl
    roaep ysaHaH ucpr capheAu o"r,lyrqa :unQ l71ri. Ec,:.r tlt.)palrr,1.l xaq_
    JIHnap, 6aur,lbl.ta orapar, cahu.n ulh,rp,r,rpl jt;1,, BJ e.r rah.:t1.xactt:-
    JIXKJrspnll ta'tttull ert+ox_ yuyrr ruxllojo M.J\r6yp oJ.1),t.,la.pbr fJCp,1Jp_
    4a jatla j;r-p4u,rap. rtloHy6lau l-yac xlia,r.nrlr si \'11 H llrrcrip r op\\ re-
    poAHpAIt. Xa.JJbI,loBaarJo!u lllepraor, Cypnja c.rhparr,r rrp,,4.rru
    -6yi,1
    AaHM corq) r eMupropuHUrr hyuyvaapuHa ua'pye ra,ruluurap. H-
    Jra JaHaulH ll lrraJr quJlapHlt o3ncplrytJ lauv 6lrp,6rrprr It.ri) ,r;taBrr
    anapbrp,/lt,r,rap. Xa't.aulapr,lu ropxu6uo 4ojuurri.ol oJMacH aa r{\.lla_
    Quarux raurru,rBHo MaHe onypAy. h.JM A., xa,t,,rbr.tap eaiua 1a nuc-
    6craH aa u;1rraap. MacalaH, fyac RpaJUrapuur,rrr 6alrl,rr,r..rurH aJrrbrH-
    4a hev salrax 600-Aax qox arnbr qaHKaBJp o.,rMaMLrur,lbr. Ey rln.ru_
    jasau jyxapu ra6aro. rcjsc xanr,lru 4yruuirr .rhaa"lu-pyhljjo,rrr i,ha-
    JrH
    .r.rt{Jpr.lcHH.lu
    jauajbrp, 6up HeB hcpOr a1 ru,px,r r.,u.rx,r.r ..tr1,.r,,.
    Xaq"rrhr N,l,Jri.,tJpltJtlH B,]3lljjilrH]rx r.rohxau:lrHJrrpvor yu1.u [irprrn-
    qH. xaq iYPfuYtl/'toH coHPa, Te3JruKrJ, xycycH telxxrr.:rarJap, jr'HI+
    pyhauu-,,r.rlxarlp ,,r+ur.rjjc raopu (op.,1eu.'ropu) -
    ur'6o,tqu.'i;p (sa
    ja ra urr.rr rrjcpLrap ) uo uoautt'ru;lap (u.r ja hocr -tr.a.rjep.,r.rp) v.rvujj.,r-
    aapu japa:tu.rau. xII ccpHH cou,rapbrH,[a aJiMaH qJlKaBJpJi)pHH[t
    6up",ram.1rrpur Tet'rr.ru uoutjjorx 4o r,r_ej4aua xrr;r,ru.61 u,,uilj1rir.r;p
    (opaeuLrapl japuvhap6u japuupahn6 6HprrHrir,opLr rl.rx.rci. uU;,'-
    uxjjar ra p1all.;l a p u>utru -_ pahr6 l,ralrr,l (vl'6,rl.r .ti)plulilt r brp\,rrr3br
    XaqJIbI aI' llJaIU, HOaHHq l,I.l apHHXLI aF -Xaq.Urt fhtl)t\rbrjLtl I.raltI.
    TeBToH qJHKaBaprirp UHKH rapa xaqJ'IbI aF I.,tat[] a"trrjrH.ta qJlr-
    xaaap :lrrpehx K)r:lJrnlrflp7tH. Uonrr jjor'.q.ipr lr rr,r:tuQlcrr xaqr,rbr M\JK-
    nopIIHrIrJ MyIaQuo oJ'ryHMacbt Ba xcIl ll.{otr;,IHplr,rvacrr, ha(c;ro oha-
    nuHxH '.rhtxbrulna pulux j a rr,lptta M acr>r ll1aH rr6apor u1y. Llavnjjur.rap
    capr uexlir.{a Map}iil3.rraulMHru rypy,r!'ua tvlaJHr{ njru.tcp. <Eojyx ua-
    xHcrpJrap>r.IH 6atlqu"ru,tt er;1llju 6y ,rouujjlt'r.lop 6rI"]aL]ac]{T,) tJalraja
    Ta6e H-rl.l.,p 8., j(.p.tH haxrriurrjj,,r ()ptaH.trlrJl.laH acl,r,tlr .'rcjrr.r:il-
    ncp; oH"rap ,lox"'rv rr vrrj as.:r apaaH r(:tx(Dara e.lrrpjtrr.l.rp B.r :la\tArr rierr-
    4uxua ja.nuns lUaprrto Aejr"r, lep6u Aaponala Aa rH t,ap.rbr rol)rrar
    cahu6,rapuua qeBpxnrtparrap.
    I XII acpaa uarr,rujjar"rap fy.uc xpa,r,rururrblrr oH ryapJr.,rt-r Ba Myre-
    IIIOKKHJ TYBBgCH Hr]H.TIaP- JIaKI-IH oH.IIaPbtH M\.cTaT}tx BiJ3xJJdTfa o,1-
    ManapH, 6aura Qcora.,llap,qa BJ 03 apaJapHrr.la qJKHrlrrrJ.'lapr, con
    HST qeAa Xaq,'IbI IoBJ:IST"rICPIIHnH Iaha 'rOX .r;ilt tp.taiu Jc I rr.i c.r(116
    o,rAy. lllaptAa e3 MyJIK"rropHIlH HTIrpAHK.roH crirpa 61' 'rovrjj.r'r"r;p
    Qaanxjjarnapnua,lBponaja xoqypay"rsp. HoarHvar"lap, xycycn.rrr.
    Ma'6alqt-r"top juutur.aapu c.)pBor-lar ci).ra!r'rr.lrui so 6anr ava.lnj-
    jar.napu YqyH HcrlrQaAa erln,rap. Terron uavrrjjarrr e3 r:trlaBy3] n\r
    Ea,rrrx.qorreu cahrJ'rrepuHi jeua,rrnu, 6)'paila I-rr.rrtH,i;rbr.rap q,,\1rrj-
    jcru u.ra 6xp.ru x,,to e3 .{oB.rarlr HH j a par-rut.
    llxxxrx XII acpao Myccr'IMaH roBJar-rrpfl 6up.'rJuMrje
    ';;; lipyry. 6aul1a,'(hrrap. BylIyn ncrrtuacuu,ro xaq,{r,Inap 03
    MynKncpr.rHH HrHpMaja 6a r,ra4n,rap. ll44-uy
    Hnaa Mocy,,r haxuuu Eacccaur,I o.rla KeqHpAH. Eyna .,tana6 o,rapar
    230

    \ I
    l<.:- *--+i:r- --

    Izxuu,,rn xa'{ jypyury (1147-l149) 6arjnaHAbr. Ey jypyuryu acac url-


    lauqucu o 3aMaH xaro;ruxlrjnu aH MYprat{e xaanu.nepaa4an 6npn
    otrarr a66ar Keepeoc.rr- Eepuap n:rr. @pauca xpa.lu VII Jly.4oeur
    Ba a,rMaH xpaau III (oHpa.ruu 6auubl.Ibtr eratlr<repH jYPYUT rau
    yr Ypcys.rryFa !.yqap o"1Lv. A.rvas xaq"ru.rapbIHbI cor'tqyrnap KHTIHK
    Aor i a,ra na p v a:arlIu er;lx.rrp ; +p aHcbr3 qaHKaBopnapu rca .ll,auaurru
    aluar yulx rri'pcr': 6up vah:' xecrapgtt,rap. JIaxIlH hev uaja xaxa
    oa rir a j u6 pl caa j u u.r n r.r a Aapona j a .r.oHJ,YJap. .t
    XII ocpurr opra.lapblHra Aparilr gaurlsaHAa e3 haMKaprbtrna- '.i
    puur,r 6apr.,pap ervrj., qehf KecrapaH fap6a Aapona .qoBner,'IapH
    aprcr,rura, hade.ra h.rrtrl4 o.lKo.TaPJa Elsauc apacarura qHAAH Hxrll-
    .raQ.,rap repavlja 6au:raj,u. 6y xav;ru hapaxaruur,I nQlaca yrpaaup-
    .AbI.
    XII acpnH xxxnun japucuuaa Mucup, Cypuja
    Ylq*! sa lUeconora Muiartr u lryajjaH huccaaapn 6lp-
    i

    xaq,ypytEy. rauAn. CynraH' Caraha.iais (Ca,ra.qxi) jeiu


    j

    raBJrarlur -\lucNp uapxas o.,Ivar.rya) 6auqhlcbl o,ray. O, I187-qu Na-


    J.a l1'acy a.r1u.
    Ey, Yvyn.ry xau jllyury
    (l 189-1 192) yvyx 6ahaHa o.'t4y. hauun
    jypyuna A,rvauaja, <Dpaucaaa Huxa.nrape Qeo_g,a,r.napu Hlrl_rt{paK I

    ijrnbaa"rap. Xav,rir;rapa A.nuaunja HMneparopy I opnapnx Eap6a- l


    pocia na-xpaa,rap ll <!a.runn Aerycr (OpaHca) ea Acaarypaxau
    i Prvapa (Hnxx"rrapa) 6auqu,rur e.[upax. EnaaH_c_,ra anaraaap r3'
    ",raBysKipnbrr nujjar,repx oran I @puapux oHytt lllaprAa an jaxultt
    avurr,ranu oraH ga carahaaaHHna eaaBeT anapaH Hxonu cy.'ITaHbr Hne
    piau,rura xa,rax. Elrta vaea6 oaapar EnsaHc collyuuy n.la - Ca'
    .rahaA,{usaa t{Trn(para xapafl. Jypyttt 6xp cupa yFyPcy3nyrulapna
    Sauraasau. AJrMai xasrurapu, harra @a.nacruxa 6eae qara 6raua-
    .(I{rap; KHnHK[j".u,a (KlIqnK Aclrja) xuuux 6np lan uajuuu KeqepKeE
    l Opuapux 6ory,rgyraau coHpa oHnaP KepH .[eHAYnap. Opaucus aa
    ruxlraxi xaq,'Ibl.rlaphl 6yryn jypyru apsuuaa 6ap'6Npl{J'Ia aaaBar atra-
    pbrpllHrap. Apalhrr 2,annsrn.u,a HnxnarapaHux ra'cnplutt ra'uuu erua-
    ia ,aruura, i Psqap,r (Da,racrssa xeaapKax io'rrycry ClulauiaHH are
    xevaprua ja llaha xecrapatl. Ey II @r.uunnnu MYtaBHMorHHe sa CHlIHan'
    ia rixrina Hr.t[acbl o,ran iexx anMaH ],Mfleparopy VI heHpHxHH Ha' /
    prarrr.r*" ca6a6 o.r.u.1'. Hxnu,T nc xpa,ru Kunp aaacblHbl Qarh er'
    uar,na xuQaj ar.reHMar'IH oJIA-v.
    (Da.nacrsua qaraH xIIMH xaqrblJ'lap Axpaxu uyhacrpaja al4u.lap.
    By urahapu oH.'Iap auqar llgl-'{Ir xnaa aaa 6nagu,rep. hap6n aue'
    ,rxiiar.rapun eH rH3rbtll qaFbIHAa II <DsrHnn Anponaja rajuran. 0'
    ivi'ia, i Puuap,u,a rapubt VI heHpnxaa Hrrl{Qar 6ar,raau. fYacY
    xe-pu aauana yeypcys uehl KocrepauMaH coHpa HH-HHJIHC {pan6l,
    nihajar, Caaah'aaiuiaan aHqar 6a'stt xY3errrnap ana 6rnar:-TrpaaH
    iaOq6aii raaap cahun 3oJIaFE xaqrIHJIapLIH anHHlIa ranal. 3ujapar'
    qu.ic-pe sa raqHpnepo, Yq flJI aP3HHAo, Mrcupun ha(HMHjjorI'I aJTEIH'
    aa ranaH lyaca xe.uu6-xaaueja notasa Bepurt-IPAH. I YAc KPannEIFE'
    flHs najraxrH Axpa ouay.
    231
    ,eravrrv {gqayuvy xav jypyruy (1202_1204) xaqJ,rbrrra-
    _a-i?;;;,y. pbrH ecrr MarcaArrapEHr.t
    lycycH,,rc nap,lar cypor_
    aa auKapa '{Hxapahr ea lap6u Aaporra e.tralaprl
    na Eusanc apacqHAa aua4uj jar;rapau KachuH uraxu.,rla ulr44orJragAu-
    jHHU KecrepAH. Ey jypyru riana Iil 14ssoxexrlnan
    itrSa_izrol ii_
    Fblpbuxbr xla 6autaan,qu. H.flx asse,,I Mrctpa xeruax rapapa anbrH_
    -
    uuuAu. Jlaxus jypyur KoucraxruHono,ryt eerh ac 6u-
    oayuuacr,r
    gaHc HMnepnjachrHbrH AaFbrablnMacu t.na Hcr:rrvo,raugu.
    Jypyuyu HHcrHraMarBHltH Iajrruuacluaa ha,r,re.a,uqx po,ry Betre-
    TcHj a ojHaMbnxau. Xau,ru,rap 03 aoHaHMaJapbr o,rMa.qnisrnaan Be_
    .
    uercajaja MypaqHar erMr.rruAur,rap. Beuerclja pecny6;ruxacuuuH 6a_
    ruHHAa .aypaH TH',rapar orHJapxujacu 6v,tlau, xa'lnbr.lapbrH xeuaju x,ra
    €3 rnqapar parr6xua sap6a sypuar yvyi xcrrqajri ei.
    MeK rapapHHa xa"r.qu. - Eugasca
    Beuercrja 4oxy EHpuxo Aauao,ro (llgi_120b)
    xaq_JrhrJrapn rlJra Mucapa anapmar uyra6u,ruHaa uox 6ejyx
    ue6,rar ^.(oHaHMa
    85 uuH xyuyu uapxa ra,ra6 er,qu. Xaq,ru,rap Oy ucpiia
    -
    pa3brJrau.4blnap. ,rlaxns reg.nux,ra -.to'J'ryM o,'tay xa, ol;rip
    -Oyryi,
    Oy.
    ue6aaru BepMaK urrHrapun4a gejr,r.rap. Eeli o,rayr4a, I(.,iao,.ri,
    aeuerctjaau.napuH MvHTa3oM Trrr{a por eJrareJ,Iapu cax.ranur.rapu Mu-
    cHpe rapubr jypyru eau.nuacuHa MaHe oJMar ap3].c]- Hna xaqnH_,rapa
    I raxauQ er.4r.r xH, oHJrap oroja 6HnMarHK,,rapx iy,r1,u uaasuHla Aai-
    uacrja uahapu _3raup" nrrFaJ'r erMaKAa Beuercxjaia KeMaK Kecrap_
    I
    cux,rap.3a1ap Aapuarrrx raHx3,rrHHH uapr cahr,rnu.lo Berercrja ra-
    qHpneptr rra para6ar anapau 6ojyx rflqapar MapKasu :r,a.'z,. li\2-.tw,
    u.laa uahap arHHAH.Eyuaao coupa Aauo,ro xdv,ru,rapuu 6aruuu-
    I
    cbr
    - firarjaH xHjasu Monrpeppar"ru EonHQacn n,ra cea4a,raruuaja
    rouyH,tapbl Be aoHaHManu KoncraHruno,ra ieua,rrra. he,ra
    -at-a_caH,
    I
    I195-,{u rrraa haxuurjjaraau canbrHMbnu Ersauc xuneparopy il Llcaar
    Auxelss oF.,Iy uah3a,ra A,rexcejuH KoMaK yqyn flana Ba a,rMaH Kpa-
    JrlrHa Mypalrlrer erueca 6yuyu yqyH 6ahaHa ortly.
    , MonQepp-ar,ru EouzQacuuu uaxQn o,rapar II O ,rrrnn Aervcr,
    Opaaca ee A,'rMaHrrja uunepajacuHsru 6a'et upr.r caht6xap.napu uy-
    AaQEe eltlp71unap. OHnap EHsaHcAa anapu,rai uyhapu6a,4au McH-
    tpeer ronapuar HHjjarHH4a H.ar.nap. flana III Hxioxinrn, jypyuye
    yFypJry oJraqaFu hal4a jyHau KuJrcacltHrrH <arrocro,r Taxrui a -Ta6e
    e.u,Hnoqojlr 6apaae urahaaAa AlexcejHn ge'rxHH arlbrrlaH coupa, Qax-
    THKH on apat, xaqr'IblJlapblH 6auvu.na puua oHJ'IapHH n,ra unapr,rxu he-
    . jara xeurpuax.Eo KoMoK eran. hapqanA, pacM[ uaKxJ'rae, oHrapa
    xpr.rcruaH ToptlautapblHa erjar sypuaru ra.qaFaH er,[r.r. Ee.ns,rr.rx,la
    o saMaHKtr AeponaHun aH nyQys,ry cujacr ryeea"raprsnu hauucu
    xaqnapbr Bugancn ryrMaFa coBr eanp,4x.
    I203-,ly n.nun jajnn.4a I(oucraHTrHonoJry nyhaulpa eAaH xaqJrbr-
    ,rap lr-\{rteparop II HcaaxsrH jenn.qeH raxra qbrxaMcbrHa Har.rr,r on,qy-
    aap. JIaxun o, KoMeK uyra6xarsla Ba'n erArijl-r :ue6,raru 6yres,ryrla
    oAajo 6HaMe.[HK,la, cerfl6rrrnap 1204-vy u.ltn aflperHHra urahapn
    hyuyu,ra aJrAbrJrap Ba,qahuarJrH cyparaa,4aFr,rrAbr,rap. Eyrea ua-
    he.naa;rap oA rlqlruAo ra.nan. MyraAAec CoQuir ua'6agll auaucusva.
    cHHa raPar oJryHAy.
    232

    \ (la
    I
    KoxcraHrynono,ryH cyryryHAaH conpa Ellsauc uuneprjacu apa_
    3rcflHHH japHcbt, 6auraH,{a o,rapar, Ea,rxan j apsru aaacr,lHt-ta ru rop_ I

    flar.IaP Ia ar'Ie Keqflpunlr. Eypa1a c-a,ru6qt.lrap os leanar..nap6H,_


    "rlaruu rlrneprrjacuuu ( I 204--1261 ) japaran,rlip. Mycraiu,r gea1ar-
    f.ap jarHsl:. 6a.rxaH japr,rua4acuHur iap6rx4a' (Enirp haxsu,ruia).
    KhqHK AcHlaHHH. urx\{a.1.t-Jp6}iHtra (Hlreja an,lnepujacu) aa f-afd
    {aH-tt3HHlIsHv6 ca hHJrrr 6r-rj i'HAa ( Tpa6sou u.v nep n j aisr) ra,rAu.nap.
    l,Irura,r aa MI'xrann@ csBAaneulManap naru'{aiaxae hauu,qax uox
    BeHercHia,rbrJap ra3aH-rbr"rap. )(oxcra sra sono,ryn 6ap huccacr, A4-
    pr{aHonoJr, mepMapa AaHr.r3t.r cahfl nHH.[a'{oxny,rruan, Exei AaHfl 3HH-
    aa 6rp cupa a,qanap, qasy6-fap6a flenonoutec, Kpnr aaicu ouaa-
    pHH anHHa Keq,tru.
    JIaruH umneprjacbr o rarap Ae r{ox jauaMaau. l26l-qH ua.(a Hu_
    xe.ja tuneparopy Muxanl fla;reo.lor BenercxjanuH ecac rHlNapar pe_
    ur6r o,rau xenyjanEurapErH nyny Ba aoHaHMacfuuux xeuaia r.rrj Koii_
    TaHruHonory ryrry Ba Eusauc uunepajacuuu 6apna &au. Jlaxnn
    ,I|epayn,,ry xav jypyury Har[qacrHAe briancuH xevvrrr eauruu.nuju
    ae ryaperu hauHua,nxx capcHn.4br.
    Cor raq
    XIII acpaa 4ah_a__ 6np Heqa xaq jypyuy onay.
    jypyurrepx. JIarrH 6yH.rap lllapr,taxu rulaapii - da3ujjerni-
    ,[a, QaKTHKH oaapar, her 6rp aaju[ruxaax re-
    parMeafl.
    - Eerunuqu xaq jypyury (1217-1221) 3aMarrbr aJrMaH, trHKr.rJrr{c,
    tronranA Ba Maqap xaqrHraphr y3yHcypaH uyhacupa4an, coHpa MH-
    cupa hyul'u_erlrax yqyH aqap o"'rax uyhyu flauujerra raJracHHbr r)rra
    ou.'llxrap. - JIaHHH coHpa .qaxrirH rrsKH[lManap Bo nouJyHnapa 6aqa-
    purcus pah6apaaK hep6H yrypcy3nyrJrapa ca6a6 o,r4y. 6ynyn aa He-
    THlracuH/la qaHKaBapnap srKaHH rapK erruaja uav6yp onAynap.
    A.,rrHrr,,rbr xav jypyuyxa (1228-1229) uune'pirop 'II 'Opu4pnx
    I

    ,6aru.rurbrr ,j
    e,{[prr{. OHyH rouyunapbl aluaH, Qpaucus, [nKrJIHc Bs
    flrafljaH q-a_HxaBepnapHH,[aH u6apar nax. Cypnjaja jo.na ayruan II
    (Dprapo* MNcxprln .[,aueurraa r'ryhapg6acnHaar rlr rpaaa
    &u6 cya-
    'Be
    TaHJra MyraBr{,na 6a,naaru. hauv u rtryrasn.naja acacai o, fyAcy
    Oaascrxure 6a'sx 6aulra uehap,rapw a,rlH. EyHyH Myra6[;nHra II
    <Dpxaplx- cynraubr, ouya Illcprlara ayuMaHnap[Ha rapubr MVAa-
    Qua eruaju ohAacxHa aalu. Jlaxuu 1244-',ty u,raa uyca.nuau,rap fya-
    cY jeHll'[aH ana HeqHpAHnap.
    __^!yn411 .as coHpa nana IV Hsnoxeurr Je[u,usqu xau jypyuryny
    (1248-1254) rauKHJl erru xn, 6y 4a Mucupa rapruu jena.nuuu.qu.
    Ev jypyuryn HurrlrpaKqn.taplr, 6au,rruua o,'rapar, xpa,r IX Jlyaoeurun
    _6_aulqHn
    LI er.luju Qpaucus qanxaBapnapx u.qnlap. <Dpauca xpaau
    Hary_6H Opauca urahap,rapaxan rnqaper anatarapH HJra-6aFJrbr only-
    Fy IlIHMaJrr{ ArppHxaaa tDpancauun ruosrejunn iaha m MehxeMrai-
    .aupuaja ua,ruubrpAbr. Jypyu raM yFypcy3nyr'l,a 6a::ua rrarAbr. Ene '

    !9y4tr IV "rlyAoaxruH 6arrqbublr er.4rjr CaKKH3HHlrn xav jypyruynyn


    (1270) HaruuacH aa _6y .{yp o;ray. Xau.nu roHaHMacbr 6y aaQi, fyinie
    .qoFpy xpan[neau. cahu,ra qbrxabtf.4aH a3 coHpa xaqJrHnap Hqspn-
    crrH,la jonyxy'{y xacranuK jajbuabr. KpaaHH esy Aa heuuH xecraJruK-
    AaH hanaK onAy.
    .ax
    .. ---'l -, -' .fi-:t -' ---'--

    Dy yrypcya.ryr',raH coHpa narrarrr,rFr,rH jeur xau jypyu;lapnaa ua-


    rbrprJunapH uyeaQQernjjar ra3aHilraAhr. Xau,ruaaptrn Illapr4axx
    MyJrKnopn 6np-6t*ptr:lz:u apAr,rHqa Myce..rMaHJ,rapbra enuHa KeqHpAg.
    Eero xE, Mucup 1258-ur n,rge AHrnoxrjauu, 1289-uy u,rae Tpano,ru-
    nx ryray; l29l-'{r, }r.uc xa\.-rbr.ir apblH lllapraaxu cou aajar,rapu o.ran
    Ar<pa aa cyryr cr,rln. Iyac xpa.nauruntIH BapJrbrrr,rHa coH rrrjy,rxy.
    Xa.l,ru.lap e3.'rspxuli au\rar Poroc arachllrra aa I(unp4o raxrrrja
    6n.rax,rap. PogocAa, XIV ecpuH oBBa,-IIIH.ts, HoaHHqbr,rap (hocnnra"r-
    jep.nep) uehxeu.!aHAnlap. fyrc xpar rnryr'ly rrca Kxnp haxuuxas
    Keq.(H.
    XIII acpun coHy YTIYH xaulsl hepaxaru jox o.'Iy6
    Xa'rJlu hapaxarr.xH[ rcr1n. 6ynyn 6aur,rn'da ce6a6a lap6x Aepona-
    rena33YnY
    ce6a6napx De Aa 6au BepaH rrr,rruMafl-vrrHcaAH Bd crjacH lr-
    Befil{erap8. jeuux,rxx,rap u.qr. Mrhcy,,r.uap ryBBOJsplrH ymy-
    M jyKca,lHxrlr H":Ia aJ-Iara,(ap o",lapar ra6Hu Qo-
    JraKarnepr.lH Mahsertrrru r;rr{rrs.reptr ruyajjen ralcp asa,'IAbr. TahrcrM-
    lu.nop Qeoaa.rr 3YJrMYllaaH rypry,ryu)" aprblf,.loHH3xll o rajbtH.aa ax-
    rapMaFa 3cpypeT iiep lrY p.!.Y-'r3p. KaH.4JxJapurr 6rp rucrlx 6ojytacrlo
    o"raH ruohcp,,rapo xealrpa)r. Ou,'lapsrH lIIoprll ropnar uc asa,Ii.'rbrr a,r-
    i
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    I

    6aprea joryx a q brx r,Ipabrnap.


    I
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    I
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    ryH Tyrypry,'rap. Dyuyu,ra janauru, qoHxaBop IIuIFaJ"rrapbl Bc rairarr-
    ,ral5r yqyH Asponaur,tn ersyu:ra ,uaha jaxurt rcc6xap"rur h3;ta0"'IrrpN
    ax'iap sl.lnp l st. A.'r.r.ru '.ir,ttt;aa.,p.ropu ,rla5a lr, O.tpa vaj.rapr,r 6oj1tr-
    IlIa, ha6eaa lllaprrr Ilpt](raLi'rfiriir!ll\51 e.Larjllti rr,,ptlar.rapljIlLI rlulra"[
    erMaje !{arr arblp/'tr,rJap. OpaHcus \iaHxaBJpJIi)pl XllI ocprru JtsBJ.rrrrr-
    Aa BapJrrJ "rlauxeloxy ItIUFaJ IjJ TaJIaH e?MJx.ra r\'rorrrriJ o.l) p, Irax-
    t", TauHpbr MaBpnap"rra MY6apu3J at]apMar Y,rYIl roHll]y 14cnaHrrjrja
    l:'
    t. KeAupAnncp, I4svn'rntc $eo;al,lapu aaxi.trlu cHjacr vy6aptsa r.ra,
    VeacAe ga Aptanytjal,a rcc6xapnur MIhaprr6aJ'Iapn u.lc Mcxlrv.;r
    HAHJICP.
    llchajor, Tai,rrpJri)pj1J 1a xa,r jypl'tr,rrPrrll, Mapaf ra,l14a]vbIIll.ll,i:
    ravpy6aAa 6alna ,4yIxMytu ne elttt ja:tt,t.'tap. Kt HYja.ll,i.iaP. nPoBac Ibr-
    JaP, KaTa,'roHI.r jaJlblra p MYcoJ'lMaII haKHMJspH u-lc xaq"rbl"lapblH <Ko-
    l,asjlr o,rua.lau> Tx'dapJT casa[r,'IopI,t 6aF,-IaMaFhI YcrYH Tyrypay.lap.
    6eao,rtti;a, XIll- XIV acPJJpa., lop6lttt ouau.r.r'.p xa'l jyp\ rlr'
    nopHH,uJ Qoa,l rrttrupax cAaH 6YTYtl IlrtrrMatt cHHltQ tsJ I'pyxJlap,rl-
    udn 6y jypyur",lapo MapaFbI ra,rMaMbIllIAL'I. Byryn 6yn.lap.'ra oaarc-
    ,qap onaiai, heuqxnuu MYcaJIMaII t{ll j a3nHrrapl[Hl,ltt Mrtcapux ha-
    KriMHjjar, ar'rrblHAa 6up,raruuccu ucra'{acltxac Lllapraa MY6apfl3e
    anapiiaFHH .u,aha Aa qarLIH orMacbl Jle xaqJIbI hepaxaru xacH.lAI'l'
    Xau jypyu,rapu nstlHKu 6lr,rasacxra Morci)aJlapnlts qaruaau, llst-
    ra 6y jypyu,rapuu jys vauaap"'to ltlurlrp aKIJHCbIHa enYM xarllp.ru
    4

    b.- ..lfl
    B.r Arp()rra rrlri.'r.rr.,rrpri rra KyJrJrH MHrnapl(a BacaHT 6ahac6rHa 6atrra
    x,r.r-Ur. \aq y\ haplr6.r,'l.,pltrrHn lllopr o;rr<c,ropa yuyH $a,raxcr.na na-
    'rflL1.r-r-rpr taha qox o-r.rv: 6y jypyur.lap [Iapr eaxa,rcpirna j1ahruarlx
    rilhpr rrrrjiar.r;rp, N\'.t.rr{ MHraapaa HrrcaH TJJrad)arH, ,rilaFr,urrr,r BJ ce-
    + aJ. )r Ki)'rup-trr.
    EvuYrr.ra 6c.1.). xaq jypyru"rapu l:rp6u AnponanuH corrparibr Hq-
    Tr'r\rarr-crrjacrt rrhilrura0Lrrra uyajjorr ra'crrp Kecraprrr. Ee.ra xa, ha.la
    6r'j1p1rrt.t:rp:,rtt ;rtrn;r.r {rco1a.lu.:v v.rurrjj.rrrrrrrru hajarr,rHla 6alrrlas.
    i\rhr[r r).rar lpococ"'rJp cyp'orrJH71rr. Xycycrr.lro, aH trapahar !raHKaBap
    \ lrc\ p.ri)prrflrrH ss6auuHaluf eaaH qeHKaBi)pJ'rapHi, ha6e.ra (r3 Bo-
    TirHrrHitJ.crrjacrr- lrYcTarfl.rlJrr{K EIIHacHHAa O aX aH .lOj1'rUXrH CeHjop-
    .rapuH III;rpr;r xctvlrclr 0co,'ta,t MOpKJsJlelrMaeI| ,uejllr'ria:;rpo vapnau
    €,tI(.,tJp,ti) :1(]8.1i)T \Iirpko3J,Ii)tIIMOCItIILIH ryBBOTJ'IaHMOCXt{A Iie\taK cTAa.
    -\av jypyru",lrplr ABporra;ta r(aro,rr.rK KflJlcJCrrrrlrrr lronrcjllHa 4a
    r,tyljjlr rc'cap xocraparr. I(aroaur KHJcacH, cBBaJrr{o, 6y heperar.qaa
    6ejyx trauQaar o.l:'(J er,i(r. Be,ra xrr, XII ccpaa IIIcprc jypyut"acp na-
    -rurrJprlrrjto lanaJhrr os xyt[ysyny raJrAbrpAr,t. ,rlarxr XIII ecpxH coH-
    .rapbrra .loFpy Poua nana,rapuHbrH MoHoearfiapocr,,rlrj HHlrH Aaha a,j -
    lrr,]r-arr(ap o.rMacbr, xamJrnK KflJrcocrrHnH yMvMr.r Hvq)ysyrr_vH 6y ga_
    lraH 6arn.rasnulrr o.taH cyryrtHa KaMcK er,{r{.
    ILI;rpr.r'a o.rua. nJHH3atrrapH eJ'rKinapHH jyrcax ruegaunjja-
    -rIl Ba Mor lJST]l rr.frJ Tatrb rrJrb - lOp6A AOpOnaaaha
    Qeoga,l,'Ia pH HbrH hajat
    'rap3xHtl
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    6ul xn, hcu jto jraha qor lyn an/,tJ cruajl uahl xecrapNa:raprrxa xe-
    quxap.fbr. Bv Atponauuu 6up uox orKo.,laprrHAo aprbrr 6a -
    "r'rprr6
    .1aB\rr,r1lr o.rlaH ny,l pcHTacHIra KcqHA npocccrrHo mapar ojargrr. I(eua,
    .rlr.'rJpllt r{yr.[JBx cyper4a Hr,rK XZ'.{ jypyur,rapnuo KerMa.tepH urrrrrE l
    ryBBacrr qarrdrrl nas.luru japatau nc ceujopaap. rtrlK 3a\taHJrap, ra-
    JaH XJH-:I.rU.rrJplt nl*n TejqycyHa Keqr.rpMaKnc oHJrapbrH Ba3rrjjaTrtn i
    j yHKynflorufx? MoJn{ on4y,rap. Eyuyu"ra jauauru, xaq jypyru"rapmra
    jo.ra ,lylrgpraH rpeo:a.l.napa nyJr JrasNM onypAy Ba 6yua xepa Aa, ril
    qOX RaXT, XOH.,1lI.[apfi e,[CHtiL'I3 IIICXCI{ aCLIJIH.[b[rAafr a:a:1 erUaja I
    pa3rrr oil]/p.lvJap. Be,ra.lnraa, xa'r jypyrlrnopu, rr.rcMaH, KaHAnHJrapr{H I

    r;r:rrj jr.r'r rr rro 1s re 'cnp KscrapnpAH.


    \a.r jypl'ru,r;rprurrn ou uyhyu HortlqronspuHAeH 6rpr Apanur ae-
    rrHsrnulr lrrapnlrlaKa rr.rq{apor;ra 6Ngancun ac ape6aaprn uearejr-
    naH sauQ"ravacx sa haMatr Tut{aperAa Aspona ra.lnp,rapnHuH (xycy-
    cu"r: Betrercuja na Kenyjaur,ru) po,rrygyrr xylNnaHMacHHAaH x6apar uAu.
    Hrhajlrr, Anpona e.rxo,raprruAo o 3aMaH gaha jyrcax oJ'ratr uropt rex-
    ri{rachr ao v;r4alr rr j.jarlurrr rc'c}tpx Ao 03yHy KecrspAH.

    .lI

    .l
    9-u y lDecxa

    s l. oPAHcA xt-xv acPnaP,qa

    S l. Opsnca Xl-Xlll ecprepla.

    XI-XIII acpnaplra Opascaaa KaH.[ raceppyQa-


    xl--!l]_i:Pj-"!-1"
    u" rH
    _^ xejrru [HKrunaQ erMaul,lr. Yvrapnanu exun
    cxcre'rtl, TaKMTJIJIeuaHpHJIMHITI KoraH KeHHrr
    ""'n-J"T;93]r*r1r'"
    -
    iniiili'i. ja ju;ruuruau' Taxu.r 6urxHaapIrH,lI,aH 6I{ptlHql
    jepu 6yn.la ryrypay. Jeuu rorury crcreMr HarH-
    ![acr{HAa oI(Y3 aBo3HHAe araan ncrnQaaa erMaK MYMKYH o,r,qy xu,6y
    .[a uyMnaMa ga 6aurra xaug racappyQarbl HrrIJapHHIrH MYA.[,srnHrr
    a3aJrr.rlhr. Hr,'lltt'r sa ropnar xycycrjjarnepx Hna alrararap orapar qa-
    Hy6 BHrajar,'lapHHAa HKHTapJlaJrbI aKIIH cHcreMH sa jyuxy,r xorau
    ysyH MYAAOT ra;rAU. Eypaaa raxu;r 6urxulepu u;ra jauault. yayu-
    iyx,rep,' rexnnxu 6rrxniep, MejBa aFa'rlrapH ,!.a KeHxu caha,repr
    ahara e.u,ap.qu.
    Xll acpaa g,uu.*a rojy,ruyu jeprop Ba Meua,raP (YTJIsBH cyparaa
    axlrn yuyi raltus.nenuej e 6aIUra,[,bI. Tap",r a"tapuH KY6pa,laHMacrl Tc'{-
    pv6acHH,[eH 4aha xeHuur NcruQaaa oayrry. ,ILnpptrx,rcp:a jenu ra-
    iar'us uea.napr.r exr,r:u. XII ecpnH coHrapHH:,a Hoprtauraja:a je,r
    4ajupuan;rapu nejAaua xe,rax. Coupa 6V lajupuaH.nap @paucaulrH
    6auria aa,rajer"rapr.IH.[e ra jaju.r4ur. XII-XIII acpJ'lap]lo axuH cahe-
    napr.rHuH aprMacbl 6y oaxta ralap vshcy.rcy:'rlyr, rypar"lblr, ce'q Be c.
    Hai[qscfiH,ne res-res 6au BepoH, Harypa.]I racappyQar uopallTnHjla
    xycycl, Jr s Qa.r a xar,r u o.rl aH aq,tbl r,'1 apL'I 6 up ra,lap a3 a,'Ir.rbl.
    -
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    lta aDT,E.br. Kaut.rr.r 6siapa HHc6araH, ucru$a:aclH,lo o.'laH Topnar
    napqdcnH.la aaha ca'j,r5 ra aaha jaxuu nu.rajlpal. CeHjop,rap yulu
    Qebaa,r peHracuHu Ir,tau6ypu 6ujap euajlr Qopvacuuga aejr,r, xatra-
    .,rr,rapun- os caha,,rapungai xerypayx"rapx uahcy,r.aau aruar aaha
    capQ-arH oJIMytully. Oeolal.nap, Te,[pfltula, o: axua jep,'lapHHH JIaFB
    erueje aa 6y oaxra raAep 6ll.nasacura 03 [laxcl{ MYJIKJIapIIHHH rap-
    xr6una aaxll.rl oraH Topnarrapu lpot llcru$aaa--YqYx - -xaHA,'Ili,'Iepa
    najnaMara 6au.naauaap. hausH aca,c Y3apHH.lc XII--XIII €cpnrp.li)
    6iiap mu apsar peHraiuua Ker{HA 6axr Bepar ru' 6y t'a <Dpaucara
    e3 eKcHHu uo,r 6r.rjap nuJIepHHI.iH Taapllr{Je a3aJIMacH Ba HarypaJl
    BepxBnopuH apTMacblHAa Tanabl.
    'ApaJcus iapu'iu aa gaxu.nu uyhapr6anap- Qpancus rpeoaaaun-
    ra, Iiora o sauau, cahH6xap.[aH ,u,aha 'Iox lejyuvy jep ,x Ycyc[jj
    arnap ]t
    jajarr,ruurau. Onyu hejarun.la racappYQar I-tulnopEtro raluauuur-
    236

    h - -<;-',idt9
    .[br. qaHxaBep 6y nuaepu es racappyrfar YAUPBHe, a.4araE, p-e-RTa
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    (.u.ouen ropnaraapH aaha y3yH MYArer raJl,llhl. by ropnarJ'IaphlB
    riaapa e.u,HrMacH jaxuu reurxxa oJIyHMytuay. bere RH, h3p IxeJa pa-
    hl6iep sa ja pyhisu.nap hej'artxuu o3Y Ha3apar ell,Hpalrrlap RE,6yH-
    ,apEr Aa rianitpe yuy:rlalxijn oe uyajjan tlHrllsaM 6tplau,u,lpxp4n'
    .Ilaxuu, e.la hauun aejnruuxnflxnep, JIaHK aa oJlca, Kllrca ropIIaf ca-
    hu6,rx ivuaa re xer[D.q,H.
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    xycyixaa lleureaapuH aqblrMacbl aa xoMaK eaupAlt. Ey rul-
    aipaa 6aruau'{a po"i xenaau,rala Maxcyc HAH. JeuN ropnar,rapuu
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    napair. sy ropflarJlapblH caxun;rapN 6njapa KerMup, c^eHioprapa Ha- I

    rvbaa reiqv Ba I{rqrrK ua6.laraa ny,'l Bepl'lp],Hnep. Ou,rap ruexcan


    aiia aaanr,r,'ap (sua,rax.'rap) Nau,rap. JIaxun lgpnar Ba uahxaua 6a-
    xbrMbrHAaH rDiola.traan acbt,rbl Lt,lxrap. XI-XII acp,rapaa KaHAJIHJIa'
    puu 6np huccacx (cepn,rap). rehxNullr aeaujjaruule raJ'I.(blJIap.
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    qaFbrHla KaHAJIIIHIIH 6aUrU, aprur, aFa IILU.:lopUHa rapbIIxMHpAr'I.
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    aauHau sepxu;rapfl aPTbIPMaFa q a J bllxbl p.1tJ.1ap. Ey .r.a ..xau,u.l xaa- I

    prln uyraanuarrria ca6a6 o.nyp:y OH.rap jeuu uyxa.r,ratpl jjar'rapu


    -elancx:au
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    par, jep.ru
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    rap. XI-X1 I xaur.'ttr ycjat.:apu ea 6aura ltyrasluar Qop-


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    jar,lepuu aprbrpbl.lt M acHH a raprlrbl MY6apll3a anapMar,ra ]iaH.lJltr'lep
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    l
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    Oeo.lalu:vlts rarH ITeKHJAa 6aprapap o'luacu
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    cxjjcr.nap xac6 er.lN. Oeo:al uciihcar vyH actt6lrrapu ul tl ,a,aha rau
    nni,rrtrrS errrju urrva.rla Qeola.r,qarunslr.-IblFbl 6aula'larru. Oeo-
    aa,rr xjepapxNjacbl Hca aH 'rox nypaxxa6 orvacbl I-rJa Qapr.nan4n.
    Kpal axuar eayxyn 6t.t.taaacrra Bacca"rlapsIHLIH - e3 MYaI{YHAaKH
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    BaccaJrbr uautu raca,'rutu .a,eju;t>.
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    .trapuHrn, o qyMJeraH, xycycn rareja MaJLtK o.taH Eperan re .Hop-
    MaH.(HjaHHH MoBt{yr onMacbr qox KoMaK e,{HpA[. KenrJIePIrH J aua-
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    w
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    t' _ 236

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    . 239
    I
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    t uau1uja,,rar. foapr jentcxon o,rAyrAa (1106) 3yJ'rM xycycHna Kyq-
    I
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    244

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    I
    I

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    242

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    t6* 243
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    XII
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    XII
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    244

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    aH uplr xpa,r BaccaJlrapH rxypacbr r{ne jaHauH, ttu,Ix, a.nahrara Kpaa
    urypacbr japaH.qbr. Ey xpa,r jauunaa Qaa;rujjer KocrapaH qanun ra'-
    crcar HAr. Kpa,r uypacu KpaJ yrryH orBepfuunn Qeoaa,rr"rapaan na
    2fi
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    hlrp.rrr,rrlt, rrrcui)r jlo xblp11a opra qrorrxaBal)Jtop no py haHlaop auopl.t-
    ct rrlJH rrrnxirrpf u.rap. Kpa.r rof nar.tapr,t rrrr,{rr ajpu-aiplr traha;r.lapa
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    flpcno.rap i)tlBi).,t,'ti)p KpnaJ Nfy"r riJrJ l) ru trrrr Ii11apaqlJti)prr rg(u,rop. Ma-
    ha.r.rap 6rrp.rlrlrlplrri ;1aha trptl Baht{.r.,top i)Mi),(a Ko rrrptrp,tlltJlol) KH,
    6,':r.rap ila 6a.rlaai.rap u.t-raurnplu.rap. Ea-riax.lapa Kpa"t ua'MvpJra-
    pr,l r).iarr 6a.rju,'tirp 6alrI'rbrJr,rr efrrp.1rr.1Jp. I[ <DI{.rurrIlnlr 3aMarrurrl(a
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    ceBerrra,,r.rrapr,{, e: ropo(lrna ,ri)KMaK Marcollrr"{o, oH.[apH jepar,r upn
    Qeog,a,r.rap uqaprrcxHAan ra'jflH e,q,Kp,(H. Kpa.n ue'uyp.napH aH![ar oH-
    .lapa rarrrrr,rprJ.rMr,t rr'r Mahan.rapbr lr.(apa eTMaK,la MSEFyn onuyp-
    J,J'.lap. Orr.rap Mycrerx,TJrrrjHHn caxJraMr,ttll Qeo.{a.rrraporu trtrrJraprtHo
    raprnrrrhrp, 6yryrr sacca.,raapbIIIr,n{ KpaJIa hcp6r xll4uar KocrepMocn-
    ni, rrl3api)r etfip, Kpa"'lbrr es huuajocnHo Korypayiy tuahepraprH
    I
    I.
    Ityrlr.rapt,tHtt uyaa(rr;' etnpatlnap.
    An6rroi XIII ocprn eBBon,'IoptlHo relap qaHy6 nuaajer-
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    ,apbrHa 614pn3[rlHpun MJcHHa 6 a ur,l a H LI rar,l .

    I{any6a tDpaHca tlohep,rapxHax rapemH erMHnI rttuca4l r.r.tuj-


    I jarn sa otr,raputt cujacfi Mycrarfln-'rHiH 6y ulrhaplrrpra uq{Tlllrlau 3lla-
    i 4njji,rrepHH rYRRarreHMoo{Ha Be NacKIlI vcsxyps wypa6usccHHo ca6a6
    onay. Ey o3yHy qeHy6 BHxajar.lepHHne Ban,[eHC,lap Ba KarapnapblH
    Tapflrarqr ra',rru,raprHnH jaju"luacsurga 6tpyaa aepau. By ra'auu-
    ,nap aHru(teoga,r flcrlrraMJTo MannK Hrr{JIep. XII ccpxx opranapb{HAa
    oHrapbr YMyMlr aLJla <an6Hrojqy.'lap> (r'i)puror:ux 6atu Ir,repxasN
    ,oaax A.n6x utolt;tpltulu- a,{bI xni)) aA.IilHlltlp}Iara 6alII.lajlu,rap. Aa-
    6uroj,ry.rrap 6y ayrrjausr BJ Karo,'IuK Krl.lcacrtrttH es1'lly tttcjrru;rl,t;rrt
    teca6 egnpau.,tap; acac Kflnca ehxav,rapultu paaa ealrparr,'Iirp; {(Hn-
    ca njepapxtrjacbl, Ku-rlcr ropflar cah16,r{t BJ recjarxHHH JIarB oJlyu-
    uacunu ro,rc6 cAlIpaHJIop. ,[l,nnn opryx aJITslI{aa uahop:topuu 4aha
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    la hlpcxaruu aBBe.IrHll,tla, xHJIcoHt{H ropttltt capBaruHa K03 AI{KcH
    uaxxaaop.rap rc e'jau,rap aa rouryn Myu,ryna p. Tynysa rparlu Pa.i-
    MorrA Aa an6Hrojqynyra uejl e4xpAu.
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    aIMaFa qoha
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    !

    i puHaa aa ltucc oayHuara 6auflaabl l209'uy u,r.u.a nana III I'lntroxeH-


    i
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    I
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    1.,
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    i
    246
    , ;-'
    b,.r .,-+a
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    raBrlMar KecrapMaaeprna 6axmajapar 6flp 'rox vauy6 ruahap,rapl (6ea-
    je, KapxaccoH na 6.) arnu,u,u Ba rapar o,ryu,uy. Ou.napun aharncn
    rca rriJrbrHqaaH xevupu.n.4lr. Mype j axuu,tursugaxut BypyuMaAa.
    (1213) rav.,rsi-'rap ho.t,ri',,rurrn ro.rro6a la:ar;.lr.,rap. Ty,rysa,rsr PajMoHA
    jaauus Ty.r1sa, IJulI, Iiol<ep ss Axaabr a3 a.qHHAo cax,ra ja 6n"r4x;
    6arura Lrohap.r,,p.,lr rrc,r trloHQop hoxlrpaH;rur elup.u. O halax o.lr-
    Ayraall coHpa (l2l8l Lllrry6y ra6c erMax yrplnga r'ryhapr6aja Opan-
    ca Kpe,rbl 1"/lll .llYtosrrruu o3y rapbllx,qu. 1224-vy ae 1226',{H H;1,'Ia-
    prrH yrl'pxy j)'pyrx.,rapn lrrrnqacuHre o, Ty;:ysa rpa$:ruiuust ea Apa-
    Jrbrr aortu3H cairu.r 6oit ropnarirapbrH 6ap httccacllnH (1229) Kpan
    MyJrKn.lpxHe 6lrl).rJr[]r.rpix. Harry6-rep6 rpa$.rr,tr"lapu MycrarH,'L't ]tK'
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    Abt.
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    parH6napx N;ro -- llra;ttia ruahrp pecn;'6luhanapbl Bc Kara'roulja
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    luclrlQa^qe oxl Hyp,ry. 14c.r ah ara JcaceH IriL4HaqbI. t a pa iru.rlcpl.lHH l(pa J'I
    rvrah xir,,rocgsa xevupr'rax BMXanbI IlcplI.rIIrllu. hap haxclt rlreoaa,r r''rlth'
    KaMacsHHH rapaPbIH,4aH xpa.'l uahxauacrltta mxxajcl ncplr.la 6tt.top-
    .{rr- Ee.lo.,:rx;ri, xpa.a ltrirttcttccr 61ryx xpa-r.:uruu apa:lctra.la ltah-
    KoMe rIlIJIapH y3pe a,r'nl rtapha,Taic qcDPllJlnp,u.Il. Dyree 6ttp cblpa 3H
    uyhyr,a ur.ruajar uunepllHa 6axLt,'IMacLt tpeoaa.l ,'nllrhxaltl.'lilPHHllII Hx-
    riiapurraaH ai'lbrH,1bI. hlurH nur;rapo aHqar xpaJl ltrllxltva.laputtla
    6axu;ia 6r:lapar. l
    Mopxosrr uaapaqll'lttt( aal'ta aa HHKBua$ erupau. Kpa,r ruypacnn- l

    aan a.n a ir r.ra,a.s MahKanta lla.rlaracu ajpor.llr,I Ev na-tara <llap,IaMeltr>


    aanaHAhr.,\lapxa:u opraHJlapJa jcprlr haKuMHjjer oprall.-IapbI aPacHH-
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    I

    6yryri cyu-acrr$a.{a hallapu 6aPcao xpa.xa xa6op eepxpalr.rep lX


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    AapaH erAH; ha,lalux hpaJI MYJtK,ropxHc rarHJIMaMbllll T(,pflarJIapaa
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    -:.1

    erau. I(paa cr.rKKacH, reapnllJle, jep,'lN curxaaapu roAaBt"ilAon cblxtlu-


    247
    .qhrpMaFa 6auaaAu.. Taunpaep KpaJ,r cHKKacl.lHr.r ycryH ryryp, harra,
    Txqapor 3aMaHH Iuahs haMtlH cuxxast rc.,ra6 eauoau.n'ao- '
    Xaprux cr jacar cahacyHAa IX ,rlyaoaai @p;il;;;; Apa.nur
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    wail
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    i
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    I
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    -xeqAu. eeogal ges.teruuur na_
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    lrrfi caAH
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    .u,aH raJraHpbr,rau. Hpr ravapar
    - ceHeTKapnblr
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    rur, flapxc Bo r{pan haKtMajjarir arpaQuuaa xnQajar ra4ep uehxau
    OHPJIAIXAI-IKIAH COHPA IATbINIH.

    2. OPAHCA X|V_XV aCPJTOP,EO.

    xtv acDro |XIV acpun 6npxHuu py6ynaa <Dpauca artaca-


    mihip- se rera.
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    | Illehap"tdpAe caHar Ba
    r[qaper H Aaha sHrt_
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    "4[:-r
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    : Jryruy .[ejHuAr.r. .IIan eapau cex,rap (rr.rahy.4vynap, ie3qHnap, 3apKap_
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    t.
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    i
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    qox hannap.[a tca raca,lyrpn sahuar harru uaa jaurajupaulaap. IIIa-
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    qa raha ra6apbrr txoKr.rJrao 6npysa BepHpar. XIV acple tpenraa'a4a
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    248

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    -252
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    Axnrranujauun apasncr{ onry. Bypaga, har*rxi jep:iapn jeut4au eaa
    xeuHprr.raja 'rahA e, 3u I/Inxrlrepa hala,la uycrarna oiapar raaax
    +eo.4annapbrn na uahaplapru rHMca.[HH,[a eayxa nyrrerfrirnep rarr-
    ,(bI. K[jeH (resunu Axnnranujauuu rop6 hnccSc.[) n'rluc-aan 6axuu-
    .EaH l,IExnnrspe HJIa cHx araraAap t,qa. Eyp.aaau Hnxuarapaja va-
    )(blp, roraA, .uya, uejoa, QbrnAHr, 6ojar Ma.uanapE arrapHrr{plrJ. :
    fiplr u.rahap.:rapuu (Fop.to, JIa-Poue;l Ba 6.) 3aHKHH,rrju oruap yuyn l
    ,rox capQa.nr o,ran 6y rrvaparaau xej.nu acbrJ'lbr H-tx.
    'I
    Myhapx6e yuyu 6r.naeacnra 6ahana HHKarltc xpaau III Elyap-
    aun (IV Kosal Ou,runnxH ra.qbrH xorrt{ HJra xaracr) cy.naaa naaaa-
    rraphl onAy. 1328-qs u.{aa IV Ou.lnnnxs axHpbrHqrH on.ty elly; III
    Eayapa _eaylryu Opanca raxruua jzja,ranuax hyryry o,rgyryxy- 6r.ra-
    ittp,lu. Jla_ru_tr @Panc_aAa I(ane:-unr.napa rohyra iacauu jaur.nu uyua-
    jauaaca VI Or.nunn Baaya (1328-1350) xpa.n cevr,rar.i. III Elyap,q
    99 lyryr.uapqna cu,'rah joly u,rre uyaaQQar- oJrMar rapapbrHa r(oJr.[E.
    Myhapu6e 1337.,ru naaa 6auaaHai. Myaaxnaa eleri irnxoaxc op-
    25X

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    opay 6ojy( Aeju.rlAn,,rax'IrH jaxubi rauKxJt orynMyury; My3AIy,{3H-
    I{aBep.qoCTaJliJPllnJ KaIIuTaHr'lap KOMaHAnpnl'iK eAHp.lHJ'Iop; OHJIap HCa
    6trraBacrrri) 6atr: xr.ruas.,laua ra6e HA Jlop; 6aru"'ruqa o.,tapat a3al
    I{CHA"r[rilop IrrapHcr!HAJrr TolrJraHHiraH ]DrK]rJrtlc o-x'l\,J,rapH o3 r,t[r.1i]-
    pHHrrH ycra.rapbr rr.lx,,rJp; oHnap qeHr'iaBaP aT"'rhr rorryHJapHHHH
    aMenHjjarHHbl Mylla0H.) r'.cHp, r,ejyurnapla uyhyu pon ojHiljbrpxbl-
    rap. Acac e'Tu6apnila qoHKaBap a rnbl r\orrlyH,{a pHttlatt rt(rapJr o.tax
    rlpaxcua opllycyxlra oxqy.rap as Hllr.rap; llaHxaBapnep oH.:ap.ra ht-
    ca6,larruar BJ 03 hapJxarxapHHu oHJIap,ra a,'I a roJroHAHpMaK HcroMup-
    anaep. Opry ajpu-ajpst lrpx Oeo,f,a,rnapriH amronJpHHa napqana-
    'Hblpllbl; Kpan, scir M3'HaAa, aHqar as xYcycH ,q+cr.)r'llHJ. ja'HH loul,vH-
    rapuH ja,rnus 6up hrccacuna xoMalIAalr,'ItJt eaNpan; hopvaul otlyu
    ,qacracH aH xpH Aacra uau. oparrcua I{JHXaBJpnJpH xehxa raxruxa-
    HH caxnaMbuxabtaa p, Ox,rap KyrJli)BH cyporAa ,{YIxMeH Y3ePfiHa re-
    KynylrrMor{na .J.ojyua 6aurrajblpAblrap. AYUJMau 6xpuxvn h;tll.raja
    aaBaM liarnpo 6xrrllxrla, coHpa, aaJToH 6y aran mur"r-ll.rapu ajpu-
    ajpH Aacre,,raps lrapva.'rajst6 qauxaBapJopu ar,{aH ca-lbIp Bil ;cnP
    anHp,lH.:rap. Oclrp.rapu a3a-l erMaK uyra'6t,rtlu1a a.rbrHaH o,naHu Ba
    eha"rrrgrru rapJT or'lyHMacbl, rc3"rluxr;l ,IrtrKrlnlJC ,r{oHKaBaPJIapI{ Ba ox-
    qyna p H H br H 6arl.r ri',Ia M Jrca.n lI He B€Bp].lr'Infl .

    .l.rtulri(., (134()-.ur,r tt.rlA'r Clcjc jaxurt"rr;rutu-


    H rrxrr.,rrrc.'rop h.r,ra
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    Kpecj x j axux;rr,r FH IIJiI fIur'ap,u.u,j aHuIr rxHMaxHHAa) ra,rlt(r xrt.'t-
    -
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    rtu Bep.lx. I(a;le vihyn h.rp6N uaHrara aa Htrl.trapa.laH Hxpaq
    onyHarr jyH yqyH vyhyM jyr6oura.lrr.ra MaHTarecH tr,q. 6exanHxJ'I]
    HHKr"rrc.rrop O.rarr.rprtiarta.J:r r\rHUte-'l,rptnrlr u;,rtrxtt ca-x.raia 6ttit:1lt.1ap,
    hanra, vshxavrcH,tHpAr,Iap. Ilntiu"ltr'c,rlpuu tl.trIMaJl,na, raJaH jep,lep-
    4o rclr, hap(rn on;"rrrjjar",lapu vr-\'pcv:l xeqlrp.rrH. 6ers o.'t11'n1a ou"rap
    hap6u r:ua,rrjjar.rapbi LI ,rt\-6'rip6a xsqYpaYnop Re jeHHll,aH, feHn3.leH
    hyulrt e.rtt6, Krrj.'ri n., I-a( K,,tl I|ll,la.i '1,1.'pllHll ,.1.) heqtllr Lll.l''l). llll'
    ru;rrc xpa,ru lll Elyapeux or,'ry Eayapa olyu Bop,u,ora qaHII[IrlHfi
    onA],. O, srrpeh xejrrurrurrr pi)IlKrr u.'Ia Iapa flprlrtc alJaH.lbI-
    pbr"'r.qH. oRyrr IacraJlapn f acxox uouxa'sapnapH u.rJ 6upJtuxaa .<D pan-
    ianun vapxasx Ruxajar.IapttHJ cojFyHqy 6acruu,rap er[p, _IIJahep Ba
    rlrrl;r.rpl-jaxlulprnp, q()x.Iv f.lHlIt\ri)T lJti) KcrtItpIlprLIi"rlal). Be,'ttt 6ac-
    rHHnapaan 6uprH:a, 1356-',{br fi,'ura, oHrapbl flyarje jaxbIH.'IbIF},lHAa
    Spa Htbr3nap har;ra^rst.:ap. Opauca op:ycy caj'ra ttHxu.ruc op-lyc!'H.laH
    ia'r-lar qoi rrlt. ,'Iaxtru- oltv[ sahH,r KoMaH,x,aHJIblFr,I jox r.r,lx. I'lxxH-
    tl
    ,Ilrc.rap ',loHKaRap.r.)prl ]ryi.aOIIJ errrtK.ropu oxrt\'.lapHII uahltp ua-
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    L
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    oaay'a-r ja',,cirp r1irr.ri. Kpa"r Xcjrlpxah Hoaurr (1350-1361) aa
    achi anbr;ar,r. <Dpaniauun aFbIp .neBpY 6auraH,[bl. XosNno rauaun-
    t-
    t, ue 6oul, op,ty xco rfaxrrxtt o.napar, jox xex Myhapn6aunn raBaM
    eT,&HpHrMaclI, ecfipIaprlH, o qYMra,(aH KpanbIH, caTbIH aJIbIHMaCbl
    i YIIYH
    qoxny IIyr'I Jla3blv ll,lll.
    I
    254

    h- . - ,63ia
    flyarje jaxuH.rrsrrux.ua ruar,ry6ujjar o,rKoHr{H
    to"i;t;."i;:rll"P aYrur'ra*aax MYAaQHa.I'IHI'I raurrx,i eqa 6uava-
    JaH 3aAaKaHXap Ba Kpana taprxbr xa,,rrHH ta_
    sa6LrHa- ca6o6 o,ray. Eyna Kopa,Ia acrpxlrxAa oJraH KpanErH oFny Ao-
    rfru (Opauca,ra ra\r-ra.r B.r.-rlrhafrr 6e.ro a:.rauuplsrj Kap.r aecaur
    'lo[,'Ia!ta.r M-arceIH rrJra 1356-qu rr,raa oxrja6pnu.a,a Earu urraraap
    ,raFbIpAEIrAA, fl1'arje jari,rrr.ruL'btH-ta( rr;r.i!'6u.ljar1aH cogpa 3a-
    AaKaHaapHrr sen@aolractr HerHqJcrrH-l.a H\-Q1,:y xej.rrr aprMbllx ua-
    hapaapxu H\'llajJHla.tapII tryhl-rr rrc.rahar.rap xelrrprr.rrracusu raaa6
    €rAuurop; oHxap raJa6 e,lup,c.unap ru, Kpa.r uypacu l.3Bnapr Ba A{l-
    r<ap npll Ba3uQaxfi aJ,a]r.tap lrcre'0a Bepc]rHnap; 6].ryu ]runepHH
    .an apbrJlMacbl rxrar.:rapbrH 28 .:,enyraruxla u x 6apar xlcJ.cu xonuccN-
    jaja aepaactu; 6v xounccnjauuH pa3br.'rHFl,r o.,tya:ai ,c,oQHHHH op-
    Iyja _a_Mp Bepyali, Ita'Myp,-lapbr Ba3HQsje rojy6-uuxapvar tiyryry j6x
    u1N. IIIrar,ra p jeua xa,rnp BepKrrctt rojy.'rvachrHhr .ra ra,ra6'eiari. Je-
    uu rac6xr o.rrraqar BepKrr 3atrariaH.-rapHH .t.a a.rbrHltacbr rl4x. Oay
    -u,o saaaKaHnap]aH ruahep.,rr,rapa slrc6aras l]aha qox BepKH anHHMa-
    N},I I-IAII.
    [oQnn 6y rar-ra6J'rapx jeprrua jernpuar,],eH r.rMrr{Ha erIH. Eeaa
    onayr.Ia flaprc.l,a qaxHauya 6aln.raHIu. fla puc.'lu,rapa uahap 6a,ra-
    rxjjo I.IAalecHHflH 6auqHcbr raunp6a,uru Erjea Mapcea pali6ap,'rnx
    eanpgn. !,otpHn jeurrraH urar.rapa uypauuor ervoja r'lani6yp ri,rny.
    Eaur urar,rap 1357-,lr njrttn MaprblH.(a roflJax.qr,r Ba I{eHHtrr ncaahar-
    JIap nnaHbr rapr[6 er.Ifl. By uc,rahar:rap <Eejyx uapr op.u,oHaHcH)
    aAbr_HH aJr.{br. OpAonauca xepe aoOlIHHH a.rtu4a januus yahaya nq-
    pa haxnuujjaru ranbrp.qH; [rrarJrap Mycra.rnn cyparAe, orryH [qa3o-
    cfi o"'IvaAaH, ./-IIa UKH ,4eQa ron.nauna.lu, 6apuruur ea cyah 6araa-
    DraFa reAap 6yryH au uyhyu uece.le,raplt esy hann eruaan lraa. Eaur
    {rrrarnap Kpan MyuaBHpnaptnu ra'jun erMar[, cacBepMa ecaaHEAa
    tseprflrnepl 6e.nyu,aypua,ru Ba rorrraMaJlH HI?. Kpan a[aparbl u*r-
    HnMyMa entrr{pfl,rau. .ll.oQr.rHuu 6yryx hapaxarnapuua Balr rrrrarJra-
    pHH ra'jHH erAfijfi KoMnccfija uaSapar eT.Man.fi nAH. Ey xor.rnc$rjaja
    Etjeu Mapceaxu rapeOrapi,dpbr Aaxtrn eAHnAHnep.
    ,rlaxux 6y y3yH cypMaAr{. ErjeH Mapce.n Ba oHyH en jaxun ra-
    paoAapnapbr rrox Baprbr raq[pnep]laH oay6, har.rlln,(oBpyrr eH Bapn]r
    sAaMnapr,rHAaH fia[nap. oHnap 3a,u,oxaHJrapa ra heryuara rapuru
    6yryu eaxanu 6ypyjan HapasunbrFa [aprrK u1rl.lep. Jlarcan ouaap
    uahap ahaxncH Ba xaH.u,nunapHH nepxu jyxyny jyrxy.rlaurarpuax
    HaMrrre 03 KaJrxpnopflHroH an qexMaK uuj jernuaa ,qejH,uunop Bg 6y-
    Ha Kepe Aa naptcr{H xanp KyrnerapE ,rqaprc[HAa acn ua'f,aAa .4a-
    jaea ua.nur rejfin,Erirap. Eau ruraraapun cocoepMa rrne rapapa aJr-
    Iuru japluu a6naFEHnH aFHpnlJFhrEbrH qox QaH3r.r xenl,pll qox
    oJIaHnapHH Aejnn, a3 xon'[prru oharr.rHuH y3eprrHo ,{y'tuyp.(y.Aorpy-
    JIyp, saaeraEnap.u,aH ,rla BecanT TorrJraHHIMaJrbr r1u. JIarnn 3a.(axaH-
    .rap 6yHAaH 6ojyu ravupluaap ae Eam urarJrapbrH rrluurAa, (paxrn-
    ,KB Onapar, HrrrrllpaK erMaAHnep.
    Erien Mapce.nn ea flapncuu ivxapu aarpa.nepnHn 6aurra uehap-
    aeptre Ie My.(aQ[e eruelrurap. Hpu raunp,nep hep jepaa au uytpye-
    Jry ryBBe u1n. JIaTRR EshepnepnH e3nepu hsne 6np-6npa naa ririrpa-
    tE'
    'jar ra4ep eJrare caxrarrHp, hetra, 6a'sau e3 apanapElH,[a para6ar
    anapup,(brJrap. flajraxruu 6aulru po.rryuyu hauu rapa@uu4an ra6ya
    eAurMac[Ha 6axuajapar, 6arura urahaplap haKnMnjjarxH flapucnu
    onnHs xeqMacnH.u,aH Hapasbr n1u,rap. .II,o$ru 6y aaaujjaraan ncrr.rQa-
    Ae erA[. O, uahap,rapn Ka3r{6 03 erpajbrHa lraHxaBapnap ron,'raMa-
    ra 6alrnaAu; oHyH Marca,ll nyn japAbrMbl arMar yqyH flapnclan ra-
    HapAa Eau uTaTnap qarblpMar EIll.
    1358-'a t,raxH QeBpanbrHAa flapnc4a jeuu,leu, acacex flapacrx jy-
    xapu ,u,a[panep[Hr{ TeMc}rJr eaan, Earu lrrarxap ron.rasrurra ajaux
    oJr,u,y Kn, o onKeaa es Hytpysyuy nrupMutxar.rp. Se,ra oaayraa ErieH
    Mapce;r 4oQrlnu osyHa 3opna ra6e erMox rapapbrHa re.nar. O, 1358-
    {u rln QeBpa.rhrl 22-1a uejlaua cu,rah,'tu caHerKapnap ronna,lhr;
    esy rca 6rp xeue repetlAapu n.'Ie 6up.nl.txra capaja Ker.[.u. Capaj!,a
    aoQlIHHH es januuaa oHyH HKH aH jaxbrH MyuaBfipfl MaplxaJlnap
    lllaunaruu na Hopuau4uja,rbl eJlrypynaynap. Erjeu- Mapce,r 6apx
    mpxMyrrr .IoQHHHH 6aruuHa es xoj rnp.nusu (Ilapxc uahapHHl}l
    pauxu) nanarnubt roj,qy ,oHa caJlaMar - raJIaqaFbrHbtr ra'4 er.4n aa ony
    es hnnajacnne rery ply. Epracn-,fyH roQHH fl_aprcuu jyxapu .laupa-
    napuHnn uyuajauaalepnxn ee lllypacuua ra6yl eruaja pa3Hnbrr
    .

    Bep.qtl Ba Earu urrauapuu raura66ycy HJla Bep["'tMHrIr op.[oHaHcbl


    TsCAr{r erar.l. ,rlaxurr 6r.rp aj,aan coxpa najraxraau rau4u aa flapn-
    cxu uyha,cupacu yuyn h a:up.lauruapa 6aru.ra.4u.
    1358-qn n,r uaj ajlrruH axuprapuura <Dpauca
    Xaxrap TapHxHEAa an 6ojyx KaH,4nIr ycjaHhr, Aapona ra-
    ycianH,
    pHxHH.u,a uca Ha 6ojyx xau,l.nn ycjan,rapuuaaH
    6npu-Xaxepxja 6auraH.{n. Ey ycjaa llIxuaaN @pancaruu uurtl-
    MaIl-rirrr-rcaaB Huxnu:aQuHsru 6yryn xe4uurrHAa hasup;raHuuurau.
    IllehapaaprH unruurarpu Ba [y,,r peHracbruuu herupar,ruFbr KaH,l-
    JtHnepHH HCTtrCMapblHblH rljll,naor,'IaH M tscll Ha KSTHplI6 qbIxapMbIlxa[r.
    ,ll,eo,rar sepxu;replr aprMHrxabI. 1348-qa rraa opancaja MrHr'rapJIa
    oharlryx ra,re$ eran ravu xecre,rNjr (<rapa e,ryr'.r>) ys sep4n. Oha'
    JIHHltrr a3aJIMacbt auax harrHnu aprMacblHa, 6y aa ea uoe6acnr,4a,
    euex harrusug aprMacrrHa rapubl, raHyHJIap nepl,nuacnna ca6a6
    oJr,[y. Ey raHyHJIap xana sa tuahap aha,rxcxttntt aH joxcy,'l ra6ara.naptl-
    Ho xycycrrJro arup ra'cup Kocrop,[H. Eyryu 6y uopat.Ir ene es-ee.nyjya-
    aa xarrr yqyH xuQajar regap aFbrp rilx. Myhapu6a oxy,u,aha aa aFblp-
    aau,[blpAbL
    Ilajraxrun uyhacupacrua hasup.naurau aorprn arpaQ jep"'tapur
    xeu4aa.nepuun reip,raplr lrohxat'r,raH.anplta.ia aa ox,rapu apsar,ra ra"
    uuu eruaia uau6yp er,aH. 6y, xa,rruu ca6p xacacunu aa[ri,Hpan
    axbrpbrHqrbr ,aau,,lu b.nay. Majuu 28-aa Bosesn ax.lajaruH,u.a (nap c'
    [eH uHMarAa) Kolr,ununap 3a.{exaH ,lacracu uJIa rorry[rMa 3aMaH[r
    6np neua I{oHKaBep oJlnypAY,rap xu, 6y aa ycjana uuape ol4y'
    Ycjan rejpu-cyp'ct.re Illsua.nu Opancauuu 6trp uox sunajaulspll -
    EoLesunu, Ilui<apan j anu, Zl-ae-<Dpaacu, ll-lau n auu ahara erAn. Eau-
    Jrbrqa oJlapaf KalrarrHrap ycjana ra.rxuuurAblnap; KaHA caHorKapJla'
    pH, xblpAa TaiIHpneP' (aHA xeuHunapH Aa oHnapa rouyr'IMylx,U,yna p'
    Ycjauuiraap oxixriap (o sauau I(aHAJIH YqYH a.u,u heca6 oryaaH
    .ceaaresh Xax, rsre6[HAaH) aaJlarAblpblaulap. Coupaaap uejaaua
    iEL 256

    i
    Er-
    - '..
    -'/o'''-
    xaaurru Xaxepa ja aart aa 6ypap,aw aMaJra KaJrMlllAup. Mnacupaepu
    uca, 6y ycjaHu (3aAeKaH onMajaH,,rapbrH 3aIaKaH,'rapd rapuu rr,rylia-
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    MarJrapbrHa xepa 6yryH BnrajarnapAa ycjaHqbuapbrH yMyMn cajH I

    rarpu6an 100 rvrrH uaQapa qarHplbr. 'lI


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    (nnaau_
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    KYH rapubr-rapublja nypy_g Ke3raaurap. ,rlaitn xax,rap'iajua ycryn
    yuyr 3a.rur,r Kapn 6apsrrulrr raK..rxQ er.4H Ba esy*y ei-
    911y.111p"
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    260

    116 :,__ --*i{dsiE


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    qblxapMblrxAhr, hau la osyH opa3flctrHHH napqa,taHMacbl rrJra
    . uarauMHular.r. 6ypryu-ruja Aa Hart.I-
    hepcory raxva es hepcor.nyryH,[.a nejHn,
    naM ,|la
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    qHHrrH o 3aMaH l-JpOu ABponaHHH aH 3aHKHH nu,ra jar,rapuua_Ht1ep-
    . J'raHAa (Onan4puja, Epa6anr Ba IIHIHKH Eeauuxanuu, ho,r,rauaxja_
    HbrH apa3ucuHAeru 6aurra ropnaraap aanaHMaFa 6auraauuurafu)
    ne Jlyxcer,r6ypra .4a jujarnr eaapau. O -6e.ra
    o3yHyu Kpana Hsc6arae nycii'-
    Tnn Ba3ujjarrrHu ropyjy6 caxlalrar yuyu uixil.nui.napre nrrrfrara xl,lf-
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    gepa',r5 arup- cyah ruapr.lapu (1420-vn n.n Tpya uyrasu;racr) ra6ya
    eriupau,rap. Ey cy,rha xopa <DpaHca uycraru,r.nrjnHa rup.ulr Ba 6I,rp'
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    -
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    262

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    JI3sJtJtrx uyhapfl6e (l.ll E_l459)


    Brnapae HHxHrscnapEH EruFar eralxnapx.paJx;
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    raM TaperrH qaF lH.4a ha-r,laflu: yiryHAaH 6ap ueua aj'xeuuiur VI
    Kapn ra oray.-Ao-QHH Kapa uyrasa,raxux uaprnapnia uaha.r roj-
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    €rAn. HHKHnHcnap sa Eyprynlxja hepcory oHajndr VI hJnpHxr ttn-
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    :-:' roBylxypAy. Eperou hepcory aa nHKuJIl'IcJIapuH MyrraQHrx rar. VII
    I(ap,ruu ropnarJraphr aHt{ar o.[KaHHH uaprsa huccacuuaexn, ucHy6yn-
    '.' .[axr,r ("rlaxxeAoH) na uan1,6-uraprun,aa xr.r (,II,oQxHe) aja;rar,rapun.tan
    . n6aper uall. EperoH,'Ia lrauy6.rap6Aaxu HHKI]n]ic MYJIKJIapIIHITH apa-
    { cusaa cuxsLru6 ra,raH Be Eucxaj cahulu 6ojyHrra jep,rauau Ayary
    :. BH.,rajerH .n.a Kpana Moxcyc fiaH. Kpa,'r ropnar,rapu 6ojyxnyjyua xopa
    . r.rnr(r.rJrncJrapnH TyrrynnapH opasflaaH as aeju,'I^([. Kpa.nux uox.ny rprr
    : uehap,'Iop BapAbI KH, 6yHrap aa Myhapu6o,u,a oHa nyr Ba aAaMJ'Ia
    -' MrrcHJIcH3 KeMaR KOcropMI.IIx.4IiJIsP,,rlaxnn xpa,nun ropinar.napu, . 6y-
    resayxaa oHyH .4,y[rMeHnapnuxu MyJIKnapLIna nuc6aran aaha as jnr-
    uau, 4aha a3 ahaas",tr sa raha as ltahcyrlap uatt. Jlaxun <Dpauca-
    . HrJH 6up uycrerra MI.IJIJ'IH.4eB,rilr KHMl.r oJ'lYM, ja o,'r ylt uaca,'tecruux
    ha,r,r ,o,rysAyry 6y uyp yeyucypau nryhaplr6a4a raKlro apa3HHr4H Ae-
    jr.n, 6aurra aMr,rnspllH ,a.a ahavujjaru Baprbl rKLI, 6y aur,'t.nap aa cou-
    paxu haar.rca.napae a3 pon ojHavaru,rap.
    EyH,rapAaH 6apr u nnr,r.r.rr,ra p x H Hcrr.rJra onyHMylx apa:a,rapaa jy-
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    rrryaxujjara xuurr 6axupAsl. O, .uopha",r haulH cpa:Hulr IrHKH.rlHc qaH-
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    , 6a'sH nHMaHnapla fica aHqar HHKItn[cJIapx MacKyHrarxlbrpAu. Opan-
    - cbl3nap yqyH aoFMa jep.lapa rajutr'larAaH erpy anuar 6up jon
    - re-
    '' ae6ejaaar uy6apxsa anapMar jo,ry ra,rupasr.
    I4urra,r oryttuytlr apa3uHuH KaH,[,'ItlnapH Qeera"'r'a.qa AapaqeAe,
    arup aasujjara ayurrynap. Jeuu ceujop.nap 6yryH Qeoaar BepKfina-
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    raHnapbr ra3MuHar Ba BepxHnap rana6 e4np.qu,rap. hap6n aua,rxjjar-
    nap KeH.rI racappyQaruHu uox n$.naca yFparMbrrxalr. Os xrqxx ura-
    arcII3JrIrK coH aopaqa ryAy3qacbtHa !ra3a rr.rra rapuru,raHuplsr. Eyryu
    6yuaap xaua.nunaple LrHxr.rJrucrapa rapubr coucys uuQper ojaaupau.
    Hsxnrac crparemrjacu cux capha4 raJIanapl,r xorrlHa apxaJ,ra-
    nu6 rr,rynraeeu cyparae EpaJrr'rJlar.aaxAau H6apar [AIr. 5y xorr Eca raa-
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    (xapnraja 6ax) ysyu,Ian 4ojyu xaruuran qox apxa,{a o"rau ra.raJlap-
    .[a Aa rapHu3oHJrap cax,'IaMar JIasblM Ko,rlpal.L HerrqeAa 6yryu uy"nx-
    Jrep ranaJrapra epryaMyllr,[y. By ,ua ox,'rapux hap6n ryase;lapnunn
    xej.ru cana,raxuacrsa ca6a6 oJlyp, HHKH.lncr'Iepx sauS.laau pan. haltxu
    raJraJrapbrH rapHr.r3oHnapbr arpaQ jep,'IapuH ahansoruu rapar eaHP.llH-
    ,nap. tlyuxr 6y,,ryp jo"'tla aJIAa oJIyHaH reHllMere acKop,'IopHH Ba Ka-
    nljTaHJrapbrH r.aagaqn6lne raHyllfi sJaBa KL MLI 6aXblJI]'IpAhl.
    l. <Dpaucauun con gatnqaaa reaa6a qarMacbIHEI
    llaprxsaE To'MuH eaaH uyhyu aun,r xar'lrblH MYraBnMarll
    i.ryhopr6acx.
    I
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    I HIIH [aprr..r3aH uyhapH6acx a3 ra.rla I]HKH"'IHcJ'IapHH vYraxHJIocH Lna
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    264
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    a{aua uIH. Jep;tu aha.nnHuu xeuajn na japaur'runa (hapvau4 6ynyn


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    Tx3aH aacraJlapu xHKI,IIttc aFanHFbIHbr capcbIAHpahl. Hurt.nucaep,
    aprbrr, qoxny aa jaxuru cunahaanuuut racranep haluu4a 6llp"rau- l
    a,u,aH HpoJlrr,raMejo. qecapar KecrapMupalrnap. 6e'sau on.nap e3 raJIa- 11
    -JrapHHH rapx eruaja aa YpaK enaMHp,u,u.rap. Hnxraucaapux sa6r er-
    JtuKnap[ uahap,rapux 6up voxy KpaJIra K[3nH anara cax.lajblpAH.
    Ilaprcaa se PyanAa raca,,ropnH ycry aqHnMblrxaH. HHxrrnllcnap qa-
    rry6a 4onpy laha aa.HpanHnaMaK yqYH qHxblrlr joay ranuara uah4
    ,eispan,'lab. Ey uarce.q.Ta 4a Op,reau Myhacrpa o,ryn4y. Ey urahap
    nHKHrrc epagficr.rHa 6raasacura 6ururrux uar. 1428-qn Hn,[e HHxHn-
    -Tepa,4eH xenaHnapaeH ra Hopuauauja rapHll3oHnapHHAaH ronJIaHMbIlu
    -qacranepaaH l6aper KHqHK 6Hp opay Opaean arparpuHa xonaH Ee ..,
    ruahap arpaQuu4a uyhacupa rcrehxaurapu rypMaFa 6aru.laau.
    5y 6apaae xa6ap rppaHcxa;lapu gahurara caa4r,l. O 3aMaH yqyH ': .i
    6upnxvn ,(opaqant-r raJla oJIaH 6y urahapx anu6 Jlyapauu KeqA[x.u,eH ..-.
    coHpa r.rHxgn[cJ'Iap uauy6a aoFpy KeaaH jo;laa jaxuru uehxau.naHgn-
    pHnMnrx uahapnape pacT xa,ruajavarlu,rap. Oxap ',laHy6-rap6Aan On- ,)
    lapaa 6upaauruaK yqyH EopAoaan 4aha 6up r{HKuJrHc rouyHy .[a
    haparara xa,rcajau, oHAa uKH repeQaaH uarxauaje canbrHau Kpan :l,l
    i

    rouyunapH yMrr,acu3 rasrjjara ayrrop,rrr. OpaHca yuyn coH Aapalxa


    aFHp Ba rahayxean o,rau 6y ,EenpAe ja.qea,rn rac6xapnapa rapuu uy- .1
    il
    6apxseje Xaxua a,Apx 6au.rbr,'rur erAa. O, uyhapr6auaH KeA[rxHHAa l

    haraeAuora 4eHyu.r japaaa 6nr.qu. .

    Xanxa a'Apx.
    XaHua 4'Apx l4l2-qn uaaa <Dpaucanuu JIo- '.1
    rapuuxuja Hna capho.[HHAa !,oupeun aAnbr Kn-
    rruux 6ap jepaa aoryauy[rAy. MyhapH6a 1428-'{H xnaa 6y y,{rapa '.1
    -{a xanH6 rrarMHurAbr. Eyryn Qpaucus BaraHnepBapnapu xuuu Xauga L.l
    .u,a rbI3FbIn cypar,qa ceB,qHjtr BeraHrrHa y3 BepeH 6y uycx6aru xepy6
    a3a6 rIaK[pAx. Taapuvaa oula 6eaa 6up txau japaHMaFa 6aur.naAu ,l
    xr, o, VII I(ap"ruu jaxuna xeAu6 unxunrcnapn tDpauca4au roouar '.:'l
    luyu japaau,ruuur op,ryja 6aurqsusrr erMerHnHp. Osa e;la Kanlrp.{H
    I

    .-l
    xr, eoln ja.napun cacnepuHl.r eufiIrrp, oHJrap XaHHaja es KeMaKJrapE-
    Hx Ba'r ear.rpnap. Op.neauun vyhacxpacnuru 6aurnaxuacu xa6epn
    Xaxrauu axhlpblurtrH aAIbIMbr arMar rapaphlHa xa,ruaja uaw6yp er1,u.
    -xa.rgx .
    O, aan jaxuu.lnraa onaH xruux Boxyrop ruahapuHa a-a ouyx
    caKrHnepuglt, recpr.rH KoMeHAaHTbTHH HHaHAbrpa 6xn1u x11, Opaucauu
    xfi,'rac eaar{aKAup. Oxa ar, cu.rah, xaux rraJrrapH aa uyurajaarvt.lap
    Bepallrap. O, rluunnrcaap sa 6ypryng.napuH ryrAyt Jrapu nn.lajar.lap- 1

    1ax xevr6 IIIgnona, VII Kapasrs iqHHHa,Kan,u.fl. OrpaQ jep,rapAa oa


    Opaeauuu o3yHAe xaJrrHH, aprur, Xauua harruuaa r'la',ryr'ldru naplu
    Be oHa HHanbrpflu.nap. tlurxu.nl'la3 Ba3 jjarAa ranaH xpan Xasuasu l
    ehara ear6 e3 cepxap.u,a,rapu uae opayja 6aurun rojay. Ou.napuH pah-
    6cp.nrlj n arruHAa )(auHa re3JrHKJ,ra her,auu, aoapyu hep6x raxruxacu-
    Hbr MeHHMceAH. Te6ltll ar,'rbr aa uyuahraa ra6xaujjarr rca oua saetj-
    jaraan 6aru trbrxapMar Ba ,(y3KyHn tapapJrap ra6ya eruax4a xouax
    €arlpafl . XaHHa cupasu,tejyuuy"'lepa rej pH-aar.r uynacu6ar 6acaajup-
    qH. Capxap.ta.nap olnapa aHqrar acKap xuuu 6aiupau.rrap. Xa;ia
    nca oHaapux hap 6rpu, hap xrejrax aBBa,t, BaraHHH Myr.aAAaparbrHH
    265
    IF1Fe{,-.-.; c. --r-i..i: .. :
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    i

    e3n3 Tyrarr hausaraH u,a,u. O, aruaacfiuaax pyh.lauapar QoBreJ'aAa


    HK,Ir,[,J'lriK Ba pyh jyxcaKnxjn uyuajaur erAHpnp, arpaQbrHAaKbrnapbr Aa
    pyhraHAbrpbrpAr{. O, au rahayxa,ru jep.napaa hauuAau ra6arla onyp,
    haMHHbr Baneh er[pAH.
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    rahayxa uruca, Opaeau jaxunauFbIHAaKEI rana6a aa 6up o raaap 6e-
    jyx ehaunjjara MarHK uar. Eyu,u,au 6aurra, heunx ra,ra6a 6up uox
    uauy6u j jer.napAaH Ba y3yH IrJInap ,llaBaM erMHlIl MH,'IJI]i herapar.(oH
    conpa 6upunvn 6ejyx rana6a x1u. Eyryu orKeHu oeBI'tHq raJlFacbl
    'ruohparl
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    AhI.
    Opaean asa.q or'ryHAyraaH coupa XaHua VI I Kap,r.na 6rp.luxga
    Pejuca xbrau. Dypala VII l(ap.ruu raxraualtl ra',IrojMa MapacrMli oJ'r-
    ay. VII Kapluu Bo3HjjarH HHxxJIHcnepAaH acu.nu o,nuajaH Qpaucus
    4irrlernnuu KpanLI KIrMlt raKlla xaJIrHH osynaa aejt.r, hau 1e As-
    ponaHHH 6arrra e,rxa,rapuuan hexu4ap,rapu ga ahaanct'txxu He3epHHAa
    ,lIA TAHVHJIAUI,IbI,
    XatrHasun uran aa utehparu MYcracHa aapaqeaa aprupa,u. Xa,rr,
    uahap.nap, opay Xaxrauulu rl.IMcanbIHAa ja,rHsIs aarauux x[Jacxa-
    punri aeln.l, har,l aa os peh6aplnla xopypAy. Cox gepaua r'lyxra.nuQ
    ltreca.ra,rap.4a onyu pa'j nux copyulypayrap. xausasug rej pu-a1r meh-
    DaTH TaKqa Kpan MvuaBfipaJlapuHx ,[ejHn, KpanbIH o3YHY aa KonKa,a,e
    iojr,,ryuray. Kap,run aa oxyH au jaxun aaaMJIapHHbIH XaHHaAaH co-
    ca6a6x aa 6y aar.
    "ivuacusun
    Pe.ir,.rca jypyru, raur6jrtra ga Illaunasuu sa6r oryHuacu xpa,run
    oeaujjarxnn xicxNn cyparaa jaxlnblnalxablp.qu.,rlaxr.ls XasuaHun
    flapicu hynryun a ar^rat ',rah,aa ynypcy:.nyrJla coHa jeran. flapxcla
    6ejyr 6np HHKuJTIIc rapHusoHy rap.4u. Heheux 6r.rp uehepn sop,na
    ij;. AJIMAT qETI,IH HAU.
    1430-',ry u;run MajHnqa KoMrIjeH jaxuH.nurun,ua 6ypryHalapla
    rorryuMaaa Xauua ao.rp anbrHAtr. O, 6ypa 6ypryuarap TaPaSHHAeH
    myhaurpeja aJrHHMbrur ruehapa xeuar yqyH KanMHlulH. EypryHarja
    hepcory es ecHpHHH rzHKHJIIrclapa l0 MHH rht3blJla car4u. 1430-,,ty x;Ian
    couyn4a Xaunanu Pyana MyJIKnaptrHHH MepKe3HHa I(a-
    - HHKHnItc
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    : repAtrjfi VII l(ap.n ony xBrac erMel{ yuyn heu sa eruear. XanHa
    266

    Ihe:
    -:.]

    r'ApKbrH cfijacar MejaaHLrHraH KerMecu Kpan Ba capaj xypyhy yqyH


    cepoanH HAU. JanHbl3 acpHH aoPraa 6upn rs,(ap Baxr Keqafi(aaH coH-
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    EypiyHanja hepcory 1435-vn uaaa VII Kap,naa nrruQar 6araaas.
    Conpa unxu,ruc,lap flapnc, Pyax, Hopt'ranquja, EopaoHy HrllPr[n9p,
    esy aa 6y 4atpa hiuxua.nuK r.rrapanJrep; oHnapHH a,rusra as'qar Ka:
    JIe rar.(H,
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    uycrafl.r.ratjr raMaMHJra 6apna oryH4y; HHXHJTHc xpaaaapuuuu @pau-
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    --"]fii.ltoHctalltra pap qaK.u,nnep. Ey ejalaraap uyhapr6annn 6au-
    JraHMacbrH.qau oBBoJr
    napBHjla onayrnapH caaxjjaja, 6rp aa, 20-30 - XIV ecpun 30-vy ua-
    HraaH coHpa qaraH-
    .nap. IIInlra.nla hajarlr aheuujjarn oaau 6up nox pajouaap o aapalNa-
    aa xapa6a rarMHrrJ,rIH xu, hexyuer ra'uuan re46upaap xepueja ueu-
    6yp onay. l45l-qH tlare KpaJr aBBanKH jepaapnua rajbraalrar KeHA-
    nHJrepH caKKH3 Hn MYAAaTHHa BepKH,U,eH asaA eT,(Il. TOpnar.napH aru-
    au6 raaxuur o"raH Be aeMaK orap, xaanp aepuajau, KaHAJrr{nepH
    ceujop.nap oa jaH.napuua qaFHpHp, oHnapa auaFH aa1ajxuues ceus- ,l-,{
    na Be ja uahcy,ryH tl i - it hrccacu roAap peura uyra6nauu,u,e ,1

    upcu ucrnQaaa y'ryn ropnar.rap Bep[paunap; eay aa ropnar nctrQa-


    .4eqsrrepnHa, haunx mpnaraapAaH cap6acr ucrnQaAe eruax hyryry
    Bepflr'rr{pari. Ey vyp ryaaurr.n[ uaprJrepne roptrar an^(e erMeK r.rMKa-
    Hr,r MapKe3H pajoHnapaaH Ba uepr pajoHnapHHAaH cepeaapnu 6ypa
    (eqxacr{Ha ca6a6 onay. 9ynxn 6y pajoHJapHH ajpu-ajpu jepaapuH4e
    he.ne rahxuuqr.r,rux hyryry raJIMarAa HAH. haMHH xana,rnaapun cesjop-
    Jrapbt oHnapHH quxu6 xetuacflHI,IH rapuHcblHbt anMar Ba jena xang,-
    r,rhl,raprrn Ks.{y6 x.erMectrHn ro'usH erusr yqyu KaHAnrinepuu rahruuqr-
    J'lr.iK acbrJrbr"rHFbrHAaH oAaHI'rJle a3a4 oJrManaphlHa pa3blJ'Iarxblpablnap.
    JIaxHu hajar aa-uox raj.u,acuua ayuaH KHMH Qeoaa.uap na xpaa haxa-
    uujjarx xara.nnnap y3apHHa hyqyua xeqtrr.nap. Cenjop.napu,n 6oru
    raJ'rMbrrx ropnarnapa ruyarrjjar hyryry racaur o.ryngy. Ouaap 6ap vox
    r.rlrMa ropnarnapHHH TaMaMI{Jla MeHHMcaMor(, jox ony6 xeturu 6a-
    rraJrr.rrera 6aprapap erMax, ceH3u Ba 6aulra Bepx[napn aprhrpMar yqyH
    6y Qypcaraou Hcrn(pa^(a erJlur'rap. Keu,u,.nuaap ceujop.rapa rapucr
    unaAau ruy6apx3e arapblpAblnap. KaH,[,tuep XIII-XIV ecpnepla
    lllaxcu acbIJHJIHr,[ar{ asa^( onayraaH coHpa Kerr,( HrrManapbr e3 ce-
    .nahrjjar.nepurr xeHnuJraH.{HpMHrx Bo pacMH oJlapar raHbrHMHrx_
    E au.lap. Ouaap v,yhapu6a 3aMaHbr, KaH,(,,rap rea-res raaeHan nxrnja_
    puHa 6ypaxuau6 ra.nAprAa Ba KoHIn_Hnap ct,rah,,ru e:yayuy4aqu6ja
    Moqoyp orayr,qa uehrau.raurnaep. XV acpaa xanl xomrriyia.,iapri 6rip
    i uox hyryr.nap _ra3aHAbrnap. On.lapur os ceqxr.rrH sasi6a.nu aaau_
    napbr BapAbr. haurn aasnQa,ru urexcnep BepxfirepHu 66.nyuraypy.,r-
    ;-
    Macr.r Ba ronJlaHhr.rrMacbrHa Ha3apar eaxp, ceHjop.napra qeKnrxManap
    saMaHbr Kpa",I mehxalra.napHula KoMMyHaHbr reMc[r e.llHp, xau4ux 6y-
    TYH AaXHnH HtxJlapt-tHH HAape eanpaHnap. KaHAnunapHH KeH,( HqMacbl
    ,.': aaxHJrrHAa M-yrauaKKHnrHjH oH.napa cexjop.rrapbrH Oeo.(an gynMyHy
    aprHpMar .,rah1.rapnue rapubr
    _AypMarAa xer,aef elupan. Ey Aa, yMy-
    MHljarra, ceHjoprapbrH uyaerpQarNjjerct3naje yFpaMacHHa ce6a6
    onyp.4y: ceH3 aejnurMa3 ranHp, llxxap BepKflJrap lca ja,ruus ,lysn
    MIrAapaa a p r brp brn brp abr.
    ,rlaxua. XV ecputt 40-,,ru r.rrraprrHls uepxaslr haruuxjjarru ueh
    KeMnaHMaja qaqrraMa!ry KaH,qJrrflepa jeug iy.l r,a KarnpArr.' 11pa"r ii
    JlyAosuruu (1461-1483) 22 ytnux haxar,,rujjaru apsrirar, 6aunuqa
    _jaa xu: TeKqJ KpaJ,r ra,rjacu y,t
    onapar KeHIJrr.rJapHH en.aInKflapu,
    aaOaAaH ,{e qox aprupbrluuu4u. Bepru,rap KeH/lHH a3 aMraKJrbr re-
    6araaapaHa eap-jox4au qHxa_pblpAbr Be KaHAnHnap ysepfiHae, 6yreg,
    JIyK,na, ar_brp 6up jyx aax. Kara,runapux, arr.ra xceaaia ui u XV otpxu
    coxyn4a <DpaHcaja 6yFAa, qaxHp, ar ge 6autra r*lah'cy,riap ucrehca_
    n-blHAa Ma'ryM. 6o,r.nyry rajrapasl Eeaa xs, 6o,r uahiy,r,ry Hr..r;,p.[d
    Huxn,nrapaja, Hu.{epaanga, Vcnanujaja raxu,r anapulup'aa jyxcax
    rejQnjjar,rr qaxbrpnapbrH uxpaqbr_aypMaaaH apruiau. Syryi'Oyx-
    aap uahs KaHAJH racappy$aru uahcy.raap.nueuiug- apr.quruHlt Koc-
    repHp.{H. _LLnr ,o , Q::.
    MyhapH6aHHH aH aFbrp
    - |
    -r}lXoj"rl."' xarra racappyrparuua
    HJr,rapr.rHAc 6e,ra cauar
    -suc6arbH
    r,.ryajjau raaap
    I
    'jaxuu
    aaanjjarta ut\14. Mehxau AnBapnapJra
    lryhaQaea onyHax uahapnap KsH.{r-lH nact6n o,r4yry KuMtl aF3blt
    rapar Be Bap-JoxAaH qhrxMaFbrH Ha oJ,layFyHy 6H,'rM[pAranap. EyHa xo_
    pa /Io caHaT ,[,aha Te3 AHp_'JeJnpAH; ycran[K, o.nxa urrtcaAujj aru u uru
    UHK[uaQbrHa qaJrrruaH Xlllyaoaur ruahaplapt hurraaja e,4np aa xy-
    cycHna _l,rlrel< napqa roxyqynyFy, MeraJrnypKr.tja aa uera,r e'ua.lu,
    KHTa6 6acburMacH, uyrxa, jyuxy:r jyn napua.nap (yahyalan eaha
    yuya) hasup,raxMacH Ba c. ucrehcaa caha.ripuuu - par6erlaxaapu pau,
    O, caH.arxap Ba raqrfiprepa layxra.luQ Ky3aurJrep ae l,turajas.nap ae-
    pr.rp, A.rrraanxja na Hra.nnjalan Myrexacclcnap la'aar e1up4t. Xy-
    cycHna xoMpYK lraaBsnJrep[ Hna anaraaap orapar, oHyH Hrrflcaarr:
    culacarfi HAe, aprhrr Kaaa!{aK MepKaHrHJrr.r3ltHH (o.nxajs xapuulau ny,r
    k:' qeKH6 KerxpMoK MarcaAH I{ra AaB,rIarHH es caHaje aa rluapartal hil-
    ii.
    ir: Maja erMact.t) eJlaMarr'rapfi xopyHMaja 6aurlajnp. JIaxus hauux cll-
    I, jacer, acaceu, jaluus 6eaa 6xp r,larcaae jeHa,rutur4r KH, aJ,rKa xa-
    t' pnqAsH Ma'rryMar xarupruaje ny,'r cepQ erMecflH, cxcHHa, 6y Mo'My-
    f narnapH o3y Hcrehcar ercllH. XI "rlyaostr, 6auraH,{a oJ,rapar xa3rHa
    uyaahusa,rapnns Kopa, cex crrcreMnHrt raohrau.naxlupuaja vox ca'j
    i Kocrapal.t; 6e,ra xn, ycra a,u,brHbt aHr{ar KpaJIAaH carrin arrMar o.rap-
    AhI. O,6y cHcreMr.r 6y BaxTa raAep a3aA caHar hoxupau.nur eAan-
    268

    lhE-
    ''-"::r:-- '

    6Hp cox lraHy6 uahepnapuHa uaMHJr er.u,H. ycranap cex rax[JlltHAa


    rar,r haxur*tjjara Man[K onaynap. Vcra reuaxqu,repH Hca acblnH Be
    hyryrcys aa5illara calulnau,rap. On.napun 6HnHKnapH - xovnaujo' )
    HaxJ'laOH ranaFaH O,'lVH.['V.
    f')0y''acpun rxuura 1afisrcu Opaxca y,ryu japuapxa;rapu x-yuylr.r- I

    Qpaxca, aja,rar, jepru japuapxaJrapblH raperrH aoBpy HAH. Japr',rap-


    I{aJIap YMyMuInt,I 6a3apIjH t-IHKuua0bIHAa 6ejyx po.rl ojHaMHUAbI- .;

    nap. OTKaHHH ajpH-ajpbr hrccaaapr apacHHAa aallMrrHqSpar a_{A1.O.


    .nepuuu ra'uuu eAeH japMapKaraP €j34a1nap 4pacrixae-racapp-yQa-
    Ta KOpe HxTncacr',rarxMa HbrH HHKHTJaoHHa ,[a XoMoK KOCTaPHpAHnsp.
    ,rluon sa HopuaH^u.uja japMa pxara puH,la (Pyauaa aa I(au,qa) upn i
    ror,u,aHcarbr[I rltqaperu KeAHpa . Coupa lca ua,raap jep,rx sha-
    r"rujjaru oran japMapKanap,u,a jeHr.a.an caruaupaH. aH 6ejyx 6xp
    ,

    rr.rqapar MapKe3r xuvr JIuouyH ahauxijaln-uox_ -aPI{bI O,'IxeHuH


    I uHMaJr aa uary[ aaaajaraapuun,{arrJie-Ffr-n-ruafi,t5
    enareJlaHrxpaa .6y uahapna Hran-
    'lii-Ei?,r r'r ax iiinx ialtiroripr, 3qsa6u'6aux ca-
    hr.r6.napr.r Hna jaHaulr QpaHcbl3,,Iap aa Qaa.nnjjar xecrapuaja 6auna-
    MbuuabrJlap. hara VII Kap,r sauauunaa qox Bapnbr raqap Xar Kop
    hexyuara uox.ny 6opu BepMnul,tlr. O,,rleoauraa rfl llaper, Me'aaH,'IepHH
    HcrHcMapbr Ba BepKn jurvar hyryryuyH carbtH aJ'lbIHMacbl cajact,tHAa
    vox 6ejyx capBar ronJlaMLIurau. Hpu rtl!{aPer KartflranuHuu uejaa-
    I ga xaauacrga KeMaK KocraDeH AoHIr3 THqaParH Tapal'rH ernu
    XV acprn 30-uy a.njraprHsj qpaHEus opayqr-
    OpaHcatlhrH uyH ra.na6a.nepH uJra aJraraaap oaapar uyhapH-
    clljacll 6aHnH sa ysyH cypaH Qeoaa.n vaxuuruanapllHl4
    6axHMlaE japuu.rur
    6xprau lcll. roj.u,yry uapxasn xpaa haruuujjarn-
    nun ruehxau,nasMac[ npocecH 6aprapap o.rray.
    Kpaa haxuunjjaru o 3aMaHJrap rrlx.nar 6np,nur Be .{oBJrar Mycrarun-
    .najuHxr aQaAeu cw ttan. Kpa,r cy.na,racunaeH o,,raH urahsaaaaap, ue-
    ny6 aa,rajar.nepxHrH HpH ceujoprapu Ba xycycfina os MynKnapIrHAe
    rau hyryr.ny haxnu,rap o.nau Eperon oa Eyprynarja hepcor,rapu VII
    Kap.nun onrapuu hyryr.napuuun a3an.u,HJIMacbIHa jexe,r urur raa6up-
    JrapHHe raru e'rnpa: eruaja',lah.u, xecrap,u,nrep. Ey vy6aptsa XI JIy-
    ,(oBnrHH 3aMaHbrHAa I(paJIa rapuru cn.nah.nu uy6apnseja reAsp I(a- .

    an6 qarau. Illahaaaa.nep [qrHuau prQah 'raunjjaru 4ejn.naH umn-


    Qar japarau.nap Ba BepxH 3yJrMyHyH aprMacbr Hne anaraAap oJrapal'
    uahepaapnH Ba KaHAnflnepHH Hapa3brruFblHAa s ucrrQaae erMax Mar-
    caar.rna BepKHJlepHH nafB eAHJlMocl harmrsaa aeuaror raaa6 upa.rn
    cypAynsp. Hrrx$aruu 6aruqucH Eyprynaxja hepcory Hrrla Kapa
    (1467 uau. OHyH MyJrKrrepfl urnua.nn Ha.{ep,raH.u, aja.nar.napn
    -1477)Bu"rajar,'rep heca6usa 6ejyuyItt4y. Bypryu4uja ropn4r.
    aa Peju6ojy
    .lapu {DpaucauuH [rr{MaJr-uaprr]H,rr,eH, aeMaK o.nap, ,rllrona raaap y3a-
    Hbr6 KeaHpr, sa ac,r Qpaucus BHJrajarnap[
    fluxaparja 7a 6ypa gaxtn n1w. - Eypryulrja, Huaepxe,
    Ey HrruQaru opra Be xbrpAa 3aAaxaHnapbrH 6Hp hrrccecu, ha6e-
    aa uahsaAa,raprH _apa3r.rcr.rHAa o,las 6a'gu urahapnapnt jyxapu ra-
    6ararapr ,4a My.laQHa e.rrupArrrap. HrruQarux uyhapu6ecu gespyu-
    Aa [IapHc 6ejyx po.r ojua.au. flaptc.ntaapux acai Kyrnacr.r KpaJ,lhrH
    rapaSHHAo n4n.oe 6y xyua ruahsa4aaapn najraxra iupuaja iojua- l

    269 .rj
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    / ,. a---7'
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    -'-i

    nu. Jlaxnu pyhanuaapuH, Ma'MypnapbrH Ba raqfipnapnH vox haccacu,


    !919 6y,rrr,:
    rrox aBBaJri KpanbrH onrrapbrn e.nuiaan urar." ty"y.J
    I
    t
    *aqH l4rrxOarbrH Kepn rajrapauaru 6apa.aa aa'a.raptua yjay"ip.
    i- llaJraxrHH jyxaphr .{aHpa,repuutu 6y uesreju Xlrlyaberru - i465-oir
    HIHH axbrpbrHAa arup cy.lh rxaprnepu [M3aJraMaFa aa Hrrtear yes-
    i..
    napuHa e3 MynKnapnH,la _6ejyr asaa.nur.rap sepuaja Maq6ip eiau.
    I l(paJl Baxr ra3aHAH sa 6yHaan uahaprapna flrTrrQarbr uehiau.ras-
    I AHpMaK, e3 AyrxMaHrapHHH 6fip-6rjprrHIaH ajbrpMar yqyH rrcrHeaAe
    erar. O, ayrxMeHnap[Hu 6lrp-6xpu.ra caruuiasip,qbr, toipa uce oH-
    rapuH hap 6xpuHa a jpsr-a j phrrrbrua ,IHBaH ryray. JlaxuH- acac cxja-
    cp B3slrQa axx4 I(ap.nsr ra6e eruaxras fi6apar .LrrH. Ey uartn rasu-
    Qa uau, qoxny xapq Ba t,rHqa axn,rouaujd ra.na6 e4xp4u. .[l,nn.no-
    uaruja cahacnnae uca XI Jlyaoeur uox r,lahr.rp uau.
    *!r" ha-p6r auaaxjjaraipaa yrypcyanyFa .ryqap
    I

    ^_^Y"!+
    onaH 5-1?13
    /\t JlyAoBHr.oHyH AyuMaHJrapHHr.r _ Eypryrar.rja hepcoryHyu
    Taq.aBy3yHAeH asujjar vaxau rorapflHKflj anbuap na ncaev.ru.napt ny_
    gaQna.etrrrex cnjacaruua xevar-. Kap_.r1, -haraquxtn hxx4 I(apnz 16p-
    rllbr ycjaHa. rarxlruu-r <D,raulpnja uahap,rapuur.r a,a uyaaQra eanpau.
    frepcoryg 1477-,tu utr6a HaHct (Jlorapanxtj aaa ) jaxuuaurur4axu
    lypyruaAa ha,nax oarr.racu XI Jlyaonura tlrxapgir.la, Hnrepue ne
    Eypryuluia hepcor,'ryryuy (ja'nr Eypryu4ujauuf rap6 japicuuu)
    JeHHi,eH <Dp.a-Hca Hn_a 6flpneuAupMoK HMKaHH sepla. Eyprynaxja
    rpaQnblrbr (Opanl-r.KoHre) sa HnAepraHI urta (apnuu rbr3rrHbrH
    Aauan_xja .HMreparopyHyH on,ry Maxcnuz;rr.raH ha6c6ypra epe
    -xervnu. M_a p,r.r ja H ErH aJruH.u,a raatu. Coupa,nap 6y ropnaraap upot
    i
    oaapar ha6c6yprJrap HacJrr.rHo r'aeucy6 o;rin rlry,nxaepu'n OopManau-
    I
    rlqg!lH,[,a acac on.4,y.
    i

    I l't8l-,r_u unaa, QpaHcbr3 raqapnep[Hr.rH Jlesast, Vraarja, Y[cna-


    l. nuja_ sa ArppnxaHHH rrlflMaJr cahu.rr6ojy Hra rrrlrapar[HAa 6ejyr po:l
    ojHajaH qox 6ejyx Apa.rrtrr AaHH3H ltrMaHH o,rax Mapcea.la 6irpaHx-
    [a [I por aHc O p aHca j a 6u paau4np r,nar. 119;gy941 X_t__.,[y41qi arrry
    -FaTEMTIIFT TEBE conym laxbru, -snraurrr r[iiEiau-r*r +xaii-Fa-rix uu j -
    jara oaau sahuA ,(egrar ha.nnuAa 6up;rau4npnluacu, acacau, 6aru-a
    qatAu. Aprur, XI Jlyaoaurru onyMyHAaH Conpa (1491-ur.l t,tago),
    VIII Kapaaa Eperou.ny Asuasuu HrKahH HarHr,recnHaa Eperan <Dpai-
    caja 6uplaurarpu.n4n (.raruu 6y apasr.r Opancauuu rapKH6HHa, rarr.t
    or'Iapar, coHpaKbr jysrr;rux2,a laxn.n o,ray). XV ecpau coH,,raphrHAa
    Jlorapurxnja, tDpauur-Koure, Pyccu;rjou Ba CaBojja OpaHcaHux cap-
    haA.nepu xapHIrthHAa ra.rau. Ey roprlarnaptlg Opaucaja 6npaaruAn-
    punMacu XIX ecpuH opraJlapuna raaap y3aHAbr. Hxx xanruH rajua-
    ju6-rapuuruacu rpocecu xej.nu HpanHnaan. hapuau.4, 6y npocecxH
    coua jer:uacuna ha.re qox raiuuruAut. XIV-XV acp,,rapAa llluua,ru
    @pancaaa llapuc ruunacu acacbrHAa BahHA.u.lta japaH4u xr,6y au-
    nHH Aa l-IHKlllxaobr HarHlNacHrraa coHpanap uyacup yuyruQpaHca ,qlJrH
    aMe,'re KenAa; raxzn .,raxy6.ua npoBaHc A}IJIHHI.TH jep,'IH [JHBanopI,I
    ranMarAa AaBaM eAHpAu. eaHpau. hap haaaa, Xll
    a, _Opq1c1X!
    -Opqucl
    XYI. ai pa,fanisJtn-
    acPa FaF6q AB'
    ponaHHH MapKa3nauMltrx JloBJ'ra-r_r_apr.r uuapttctHaa tuxlluraQ eruax-
    on--d'ti ilrTtcaalr
    Ae oJraH i{rrnca.4H araraJlepa, 3aHxltt- uonapnapo
    aJrararapa, 3aHxBlt. aprMalaa onaH
    uohapnapo Ba aLrMaraa
    agrMarAa oJaH
    oJlaH
    MaaoHn YMyMl,tnHja ua.nux oJiaH 5n 6ejyx Aesaer xur'ra raaau rojyp-
    ay.
    270
    L **;4ffi
    l0-ry 0acrt

    HHKnJrTePS XI-XV ACPJIAPAa

    s l. IHXIIJITOPO XI-XII OCPJIOPIo.

    I'Iuxu.rrepaaa Xl acpnn opranapbl Y.lYH' aprblt'


    nTrl",:|fl" acacau O-eolaa rajia'raHyHnapbl hgiyPanaur
    e.u,ttprn. Jlaxun QeoAannauMa npocecu he.nelnr
    6aua qatuauuu,qu. Kan4aI.uapua xej,ru huccacl, xYcycaH oJIKaHHH
    turrnrr-rrp.r*4a - uAannrrraiKa hYiyryt (o.ll.eu.no>) BlnajarnH.u,5 t:
    a3a.a orapar raJIMaraa xlunap. Acu,'ttl-Qeoaa,r ropIlar xcrll0ara' t,1
    uuaepu ria ha,ra.nnx sahur rahxlM,'Ifl KcH,urfl Taoarac Hs '{eBPu'l-
    *nirri.arr"p. <Deoaa.l uy.rlxy Ba Qeoaan ujepapxujacu halalnx 6nr-
    KIIB QopMaja AYIIMaMI{IIAH ra hap jepaa j aj u.nuaLauurau '
    hnir.rar-apaaa Qeoaaraaurua rpocecuHHH 6arua qaruacu XI ac- l

    onu uxlrHuu' lapucuuaa Hopuan4uja ucruaacu u,ra 6ar,tH ltAlt. Hc'


    ir.l.na"unapa H6pruanauja hepcory Bu,rhelu 6auqu.nur e'uup,u,H. fe'
    Hr{Mar a,ra KeqHpMaK, jeHn MYrK"'lap sa rahxrla,tr KaHAnunep anAa
    ervex uejau oHyH arpaQblna raxua Hopuau4uja- Qeoaa"r,rapunuqox: ae-
    .1n,r, Opaicanuf 6auia sxa ajar,rapuHAau, hama Hra.nujaaau aa
    ny qeHxaBap ronJlaMblrxabl. hepcoryH HHKllJlHc raxrHHa onaH lt,[-
    Anacn Huxu,rrapaje jypytu yvyH 6ahaua onay. tiy H.IAITaHHH acacHH- -,]
    ,il
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    ean pau.
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    ,.1
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    03 ro[ryHy Iraa 6up:luxae I4HrH,'lrapaHuu 'qany6y 4a cahule.quxau. l


    E4yapaun onyMyHraH coHpa yureHaxeuoryn ceu.arJu jerx aura-cax- l
    coi fpaau hapo.r4yn 03 trlaxcll rpyxHHacH Ba reJlacuK juruluuul
    raHl.ml roruyHnapux4an n6apar hap6u ryaaalepltra nnc6areu Hop. \
    arJlbt lIaHKaBapJIapu sa nrjaa-a rorrlyHnapbl aa-
    uauauja hepcorynyH
    ha 'ioi lrAn
    -sa
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    Opra sa lIIr.Ittaa-lllapru HHxa,rrapa epflnap hapo,raa ra3blMll xo- I
    nix.rnx xecrapuaaH,'Iap. AHrn-caKcJIap HHa,IIJIa Ba MaPAnHKna MYra- ,l
    orria6Dulgra lac-
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    "rr.. jaxuniuruiaaru6axMajapal
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    ynpaaunap. hapo;r4 4ejyuaa ha.nax olay. Bu.nhelu uca Jl-o_uaony


    i.n'a xevup-x6 Hcrs.naqu I Bu.nhe.nu (1066-1087) aau u.le l4uxur'
    rapa Kpanbr onAy.
    Jlaxna oua na Hopuanauja 6apon,laplua 6yryu e.nxanu es.nepu-
    Ila ra6e erMoK YqYH 6np Heqa I-Lr JIa3blM xaJIAH. AHrnca(cnapHH Top-
    nt
    _vr',,_a;:..,,T,

    narnapHHbrE I(yTnoBn cypeTle Myca,u,Hpa onyHMacblHa, sg aaalaur_


    aapuxu ha;la caxJraMHur onaH- KeH.4aHnepnn rahxsr,,r,rx aasljjaraua
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    KaHAnI{ ycjaHnapu 1069-uy sa l07l-',rI,I,rjlapaa' oJTKaHHH rur.rMaJrr,l
    Be uH MaJrn- uaprn HAa
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    a i,aup_
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    JIaHaH JopK Ba,u,Hcfl
    .Be AapeM rpaQnbrpHHr,rH rrox hnccacn cahpaja
    ,u,€H,[.apurar.r 8a 6y jep,'rapra, AeMaK oJrap,6rp ueue oH hnnap ap-
    SllHAa anar[ JauaMa.[6l.
    ., Oara rarx oJlapat HTaar aJrrHHa carbrHAblr^4aH coHpa aHrn-caKc
    onap,6yryH ropnar_uy,rr,repu ou,ra'pun eJrrrHAaH
    :'i3_llgr"llil {eMaK
    pa najnaH H,'rabr. AHra-caic rleo,aaaapuHnH
    .3::.1io -.Y._111"'rHra
    JaJrHH3 a[raFH TaoerocuHtrH _ xhrpaa ny;rray_ ropnai cahu6njpnHfin
    rloxyHyH TopnannapH 03 aJrJrapr.rHlta ra.lau.
    JIaxr.rs on,,rap Ho'puaH_
    .[Hja 6apoHnapbrua ra6e orua.nu ralt.rap. Hsxr,rrapaail' ,nor. ,o,
    eeo,u,aJlaapbl (6apoH) anraHrupr,.rara 6au,ranbrrxrh,rai. Opra'aa
    xbrpAa QeoAannap hau o sauaH, hau aa conpaaap Hnxulirapa4e uan_
    r(aBepnap aAnaHbrpAHnap. My.nxt a4apaux,rux45 o.nAypy kflMr{, aJrH
    11I-.9 111nO.r"pffHna ra aHra-carc.lap Opauca4au xa.rrr,,la nopuaH-
    aHJanHnapna aBa3 onyH Myru.(yna p.
    beJarHKra, HcTr.rra HaTHqacHH.[a haxuu flintpuu jyxapu
    ra6ara_
    ,opfi, aeMaK o.nap, 6yryH.nyx.na aajrrruaH.
    acH raApflqne, jeprrnapHH ropnarnapH Mycaar..r_
    -^ l:?.:ii._lijraHM
    ha;ara Keqr.rpunlrp.q,H. Ee,ra xn, Hbpuanixja 6apon_
    t:_9_1-YLy.*r,
    JIapHHTIH a,'rHHe Myxrant,tQ rpaq.nur;rapui4an rop-
    natrap KeqHpAn. -l4Hxr-,nrapaHaH
    HarHqraAa 6rp ,roi 6apori.'rap'sr r*yar;ieplr, vox xe_
    IIy gl-"1l?p"ra 6axuajapar, Kpan
    onxa apa3r_icr_rno cana,raur,ruu haa4a
    haxxuuj jarux43H acu.nu onruajaH upu
    111:.-oI_-.1"*nrrapa.{e
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    -1* nraxr_rau uy,rry,
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    i{i
    Aa xeJnH huccecu' <TaxT-raq MynKy) Ha AaxuJr eAr.rlAa. Kpa.n ue[-ra_
    JIapHHra os eruaja qecapar KocropaH r(aHAJrr..rropu aahru'eraa,{asa
    xe3naJxpar.r
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    ,[a-qoxy Kpan MynKylira xiu. 9ox 6ejyx uaaan eh-
    .
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    BaTJIU eAaH au rityhyv uapr4oplaH 6upr.r ulu.
    <Meh ruao xnta6ur- 6llnt<u arc?$a Qeoaa n ra j a a - raHyHn ap HH blH Moh-
    . - t€ffirJF[GfnH.[a
    ' t]r.rrhe,'rMr-rH 1086-,,thr uaae xe_
    unpanjH ropnar cuj ahujaa.nuuuacuuuH I'lyhyu pony onay. Ey ctja-
    xHjaaJrMaHbrH y3apHH.a,a rejA o.nyuuyu HaTHlra,raplr xa,tr
    -nepraMeHr
    flqapflcagAa <Mahruap xnra6u> (<Domesdau book>) anuHu a.n1u.
    hauuu xura6, xopyHyp, oHa Kepa 6e,ra allaxlupuJrAbr Kr.r,6y Klra-
    6uH raprn6 oJryHMachr y'ryH ma',nyuar BepaH aAaMflap qaganaHAbr-
    ptrnMar rcpxycy n;ra heq Haju xusaaruaaaH, <rljauar xyny)rraaxr.r
    xnMl.r, acJrr{HAa onAyFy rrraxun,(a AaHhr[Marbr HAnnop. AygyHy aa-
    HbIuMajaHnap yqyH Hca, xu,rca ra',lur',u ro Kspa, AyHjaHbrH BapJ,rhrFbr
    6nrua.ru (rujauar mrrManbr) llAu.

    L.-
    _--. .:.;r:,.

    <Mehuap Kflratir,t>HAa hap OHp rpatp.nurla haxcu ropnar uyax-


    JTapHHHH Kpana, haHcbrnapHH pyhaHr.r Bo ayHjoBH ceHjopnapa Meicyc
    onayFy, hap 6up 6apoayn Ha naAap aacca.na (uanxaBapnapa reH
    caht6rapuua) ManIrK onayFy, hap 6rp uaxopaa (ja'Hu r"ry,rxaa) - neua
    rajaa (6y 3aMaH, aprHr, IsBrer BahHAH r.rAr.r) onAyFy, Heqa KoraH
    ropnar (Topflar najH) o",IAyry, aFa roprraFbrHAa Be r(aHAJrHnapAe aj-
    pbrnsrrAa Heqe KoraH roury JraBa3HMaru (ja'nn uu hejaaHu,
    eKYs) onAyry, uyxraaxQ rareropujaaapAaH Heqo KaHAnrr oJrAyFy
    ratpeppyaru HJe rejA onyHMym,(y. Myaryu raxuunn onapar flyn
    heca6u u,ra He ra.(ap KaJrHpa MaJrnK on,[yFy,u.a xecrepnanpan. Cx-
    jahujaaaua, acacaH, r.rKH MarcaA KyaypAy: 6lrpuHqucn, Kpan roprrar
    MynKnap[Hr.rH Ba 03 BaccarJra pbrdAaH hep 6BpuHlln KannpHHHH aarHr :l
    MrrfAapHHH 6rauax ncrajupAr.r KH, 6yHyH Myra6IrnHHIa oHnapAaH
    uyajjau xuauer rana6 ercnn; r.rK[Hqr.rcH, Kpan ahaJr[ y3gpr{Ha ny,
    BepKHCH rojMar YtrYH aarEr Ma'JyMar anaa eTMaja qanbrrnbrpat'I.
    9ujahujaa,lua KaHAnHnap[H rahxuuax Ba3ujjara canuHMacbrHbr
    cyp'orraHAHpar.r. 6eaa xu, a3aA KsH_AJlnapnH 6tp uoxy <Mahuep rx-
    Ta6br>Ha BHJTJTaH Kr,rMH carbrHAH. XI acpAa l,IHxnlrapaAe <B[JrJraH,
    (hapQa ua'xacu
    - r(aHA a,[aMbr, rau4 CarunH) an,rajuu-ru ha.na xx-
    Qajar ralep KeHHrrr Ba rejpz-ruyajjaH ua'Haja ualrx 4n. Etp raj4a
    o.rapar 6y a.4, aprHr, TopnaFa Kope acHJrH oJraH na Qeoaaa peurCcH
    BepaH, Aaha tox, 6Hjapa KeAeH KaHAnr{napa aHA eAHnHpIri. XII acpun
    uruuvn japucur4au e'rn6apau, [axcaH a3aa KaH,u,Jl-rJrepHH . Br]JrJraH
    aanar{^l,HFbr <DpaHcalan Qapr,rn o.tapar, Huxxarapa.{a Bfl nnaH, aprHr,
    Tah KnM,,lH KaHAJu.r H,aH.
    Ee,re.nxxaa, Hopruanaxja flcrHJ'racbr xaH,u.nrrnapHH oaaujjaruHHg
    nHcnaurMecfi l,rra HarHqareHAx ea HHxnarapaaa Qeo4a.n iilaa_ra_
    HyH,lapHitHH raru oJrapar, Qopua,r a utvacuHa xeuax er4n.
    <Mahurao xnta6u>sun ua'rvuarHHa xeoa XI
    lj!.l?.._,.. _^ acp,(a
    -XII acpxu aBBannapr.ruAa HHxtarapa
    ll|rrilfJ# aha.nucr 1,5 u.,rn uaQap-a jaiuu Hau; oanapHrr
    6ejyx axcapajjerlr (95%-,qaH aa onMajapar),
    '";;jF;;:'-'-' xasaaa jaurajup4u. Oha.nn 6arxnHqa onapar,
    r'rHKJ'ra MsUrFyJ'r onypay. KSHA [r{MacbrHblH ysyH MyAAer Aasa}, eriHjr;
    I,lHxx,rrapa.[a eKlrHqHJrHK yqyH aqbrr rapra cHcreMrr, 6lquxAen cogpa
    xoBua HH OTapHnMaCH, aKHH ropflarnapuxuu a41a-6y11a [raKr,tJraa
    carraJraHM[rrr onMacbr Be neg6a.nu ex[rH cHcreMr.t carrrHjjaBr.r u4n. IIIn_
    _6a urJ'rHqa onapar, Jop ru upaa na JI uu roa-n urnpaa, h a 6e_
    rr.r a.n-ruap naa,

    ,ra rap6aa,. frocrepufipAa (Korcyo,rn jaj,tacu), IleHur,rx 4ar,rapu-


    HbrH tl-tapr jaua,laapuH4a aa OrcQoparuupaH
    '{aHy6 htccacxHAa (glr,l-
    repH rarranapnHAa) rojynuyayr KeHHu jajbrnMbmrrsr. JyH, aprur, ha-
    .ra 6y sauan rrryhyr',r rlluaper Mans. Hrkt. Ouy 6au:,ruua o,rapar <DaaH-
    ' Aryjaja a[apHp, OnaMaH,( caHarr{aprapbr Hca 6y jyHAaH r'lahya ro-
    xyjypryrap. haMHH Mahyaa uyxrannQ Aopona e,rralapuHre r,ra6ar
    Bapabr.
    Hopuan4r.rja HcruJlacHH.(as coupa, haaa aHrJr-caKc AeBpyHAa ra-
    rxaKxyn erMaja 6aurrauuru, HHxHJTHc rfeoaaa uy,rxy (uaiop) 6ur-
    xl+r Qopuaja Ayuyp. OeoAaJr MyJrKy aBBannap a3aA oJ'raH KaHA Hr{-
    Macbllrbr o3yHa Ta6e eAHp, oHy rahxuvan uqMaja qeB[pHp. rDeoAa.r
    l8 cHO. 7n. ,7a
    t

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    i Opra acp uyary (XI-XII jysqr,lflK !flxlrnsc oeoAan MynKyHyn cxeMx


    i l-ara roD[aFH; 2-xxnca ropnaFEI:3-K.HAnn raj ropnaFEi 4-cerjopropllarrapE
    MarsKaEocnr 5 xBrca
    I rarrysxgi can; 6-aFa lerrprasH. AoretrEH cahorapf, xaArrrop{H }capllcxHr..
    canaaagrxulrpl oHrap (eHA rahxrsnB ar.Jl
    nt{racHH[a reB{yA oraH ralAarap acacrHra,
    I uaa 6eraosanri. xanrJitrnaD hex\uHfiH jeDrx xllJlcaflnH ropnaFHHH 6e{oprp, {Yp6a{Yp 6aeHr'
    l aap gep[i sa uyx,anxo ;yx.rnsoxljarnap svpa eaHp, ha6era qox,rv laehhYAnaP lepuHa ,e'
    rni:vpqiaip (o {yuaaaH, .rarspraB slahaIH).

    274

    \..
    TecoppyQarbr, 6aruruqa orapar, acHnH KaHAnHnapuH 6njap auajnua
    acacnaHHpabr. Hquagus racappyQar Hlt3aMbIHa raKqa acbulbl KaHAnl-t- 1

    JrepuH ropnar ncrnQa4e'{HrapItHI'IH (nu.naaHaapuu sa 6.) ropnar l


    - 4ejru, hauuruux aFa roPrlarnapbl (4oxen r"rylx.tapn) sa
    najaapu
    j

    haaa aa raJlMaraa oJlaH a3aa xasr;ru ra6atecuHltH TopnaulaPH aa I


    'l
    .u,axHn xarr. Xl-Xll acpaep4a Huxaarapa.a,a Qeo.q,an MynxYHYH Yc-
    TyHnyr( reur(Hn eaau Qopuacu Kpar MynKY, BIIJ'IJIaHJIapH Be a3aA ,]
    flirxQaaa'r[rapH onaH Qeoaan MyJ'rKnapH - MaHopnap xan. Jlaxns !l
    6y QbpuaaaH- xejax rpaj,r.nauan r,l-auopaap aa as aejHaafi. XI-XII
    ecpnepre MaHop, acacaH, HarypaJI-racaPpYQar raruxN,taru oaapar
    ranHpabl.
    <Mahuap K[Ta6bIrHhrH Ma'nyMarnapHHa Kepa KaHAnHJrapHH acac
    hr.rcc5cxun BHJrnaHnap rorxKflJ'r eAHpAn,rapi oHnap raM Topnar najH.
    sa Bnpraraja (30 axp) aa ja ropnar najHHbrH 6up huccaorna ua-
    -
    JrHK r.rarrnap; BHJIJTaHJIapbIH, ha6era tl.{ua opyunapa ss 6x,reHaKra-
    pnaAo ao najaapu BapaH; oHnap 6Hjapa xe.{Hp, nopayH xejpflEa Ha-
    rypaJr rxaKlrJrAa Ba nynJ'ra BepKr.(nap orajHpAnnap. <Mehuap xnra-
    6sr>H1a 6op,qapunaplu Aa aarrapH rejr oryHMyulAy. Bopaapu,rep
    ropnar najnapbr BEnJ'raHJrapnHKblu.(as xejau aa o'ran (aaaran, 7 arp-
    1aH 15 axpa raaap) acbIJrEI KoH,[,nnJIap u.qu.nap. Bt.naaH.nap ae 6op-
    ,(aplnepna jaxauu XI-XII acpJlep HHKHIEC KaHA[HAa (orrapl{nop
    (conpa.rap romep.lap) ae Bap.rI,bI. Komapt.nap KU.IHK Topnar [apqa-
    naphrHbru
    - a,laraH 2-3 axp.nur japauuln ropnarrapblH ncrrQa4a-
    qunep[ onan acHJrbr KeHAJIHJIep HAI{nap. OH.nap aopaa uuaajup ea
    aonauMar yqYH anaBa MauFynujjarraPla (xomapu,rap uo6au, xan,l
    AeMrprr[xapr.r, TaKap'rgnopH, AynKapnapu Ba r.r. a. HAHJap) Aa Bacatir
    ra3aHtrPAHJrap. ou aruaru acHrH KSHATH rpyny cepBnap saHnop.
    OHaap,- acacai, 6np rajaa orlapar ropnar naju aa es racappyQaru
    onMajaH, aFa MaJILIKaHaCUHA3 Be aFa TaPnanapEIHAa coH aapoqa MYx-
    raaatp arup IIlxJIap KePaH hajar-6a,ta aaaMnapH xal{nep.
    Asa4 xanl,rn.nep I,Inxn.nrapaAa Hopuanlrja ncrnJracbrHAaH coupa
    ra apa1au raJIxMa,rlbl, hap,lau.q oHnapHH caju xejau a3anau Ba hyry-
    rn easujjeru nt,tcnaur,u,H. Keg,uJ,e acu.nu.ltapla jauauru, uaxcaH asaa
    KaHtrJrH re6araclHnH (rppnhoaaepaepuu ) oauacu opra acpaap4a llu-
    xnnrapa arpap nuxuuraQunun ca'rujjaax xycycujjar.napun4aH 6rpu l
    n,qu. Xycycx.na oJTKaHHH rxr.IMaJr-uapn{H,4a-<nexao>aa qoxJry a3ar, I

    KaHAJIH raJrMr,ruAu. Aeaa KaHAJTH, aaareH, .Iop,lyu ltahxeua ra6eqrrnH- .-l


    jrrnro ory6, 6a'saH jyuxy,r r'ryxa.raatpuj jaraap jepuHa jerupueln sa as
    MnngapAa nyn peHracbl BepMenH laa:a. trlax:as 6yryu 6yulapa 6axua-
    ,l
    I
    japar, xaHAnH ropnara rahruu eaHnMaMHUtrIr sa hyryrr 6axuuAas
    aea4 uaxcnjjer heca6 o.nyHypay. I

    XII acp apsuuae uyxraanQ acblrH KaH.rtJIH rpynnaptl, Ker,u,llK'rle


    aaha qox, sahr.ra rehxxmrr.r KaH,E,'ru KyrJIec[Ha - BUJ'IJlaHJIapa qeB- ]

    prz,lup. Brl.rlan.napuu 6aruauua MyKearaQnjjeru 6njap uau. OH.nap :


    haQrauuu yv,6a'eaH aa,.[aha qox xyuyHy 6xjapa xelup4u;rap. Eyn-
    ras 6arura Br.rJrJ,raH rHcMeH uahcy,r.ra, fucMon ae nylra rejvy oepup- 'l
    all. Tes-res, aFacbr ,(a BurnaH y3apHHa es6alnuHa BepKn rojyply: ]

    rH3napblHbr apa BepapKaH xycycu harr (rr.repxer) BepI.IpaH; Mupacajtr- ,

    ja.nawapxeH MynKe,(apa 6up 6aru jaxuu uaa-rapa BepI-Ipal{ (hepror);


    18+ 275 .Ji
    4>l
    ,:& l
    o,haMqHHLIH AaHHHH aFaHbrH AajHpMaHHHAa yjyrMarrr, oHyH Aa3xa-
    huH,la nnsa qaKMonfl sa 6auna 6auaanrerrepa paajer erirsnfl (an-
    6ame,6yryu 6ynrapun rrlyra6a,rnu.qe harr aeplrax.ne Tapq.) r.rAH.
    Cajcua-heca6cus Kunce BepKHrepH Aa aprbrpau xrz, -6yHlap,qau .qa
    eH qarHHl.r oHAa 6rrp !A!r.
    14uxn.nrapaaa uahapaap caHar Ba rnllapor Mep-
    u_.:.t.p..1"L1, ft reer"prn inr'rr X-Xl aip.,rapra ha",ra hopuair-
    llHXr|tllaOU. -
    Axja ucrI-1racblH,(aH aBBaJr japaHMaFa 6aurra-
    uuu1u. <tVlahruep xara6u> e.nxaaa jysa ra4ap rlahap on,u,yryny Koc-
    rapr.rp xr,6y uahap,rapae ac 6yryn aha,rrHuu 50/s-a raAapu jauajbrp.
    4u. Illahap,rapan uxxauraQuuux acacbrHr,r, 6arxra enKanapla orAy-
    I ry xaur, ceHer Balllgilrlir raulrxr'r ear.rDAr.r, t
    l.;gfx rrrr-ap6iiu H Hd p'fi fi I-m-riE-tefiie'tp a H c br3 ro p n a rn a p br H Jr &
    I CHIACI,I ANATA"IAPI-IHUH TYBBATJ'IOHMACH HATHI'IACHHAA OHYH THqAPAT EJIA'
    renapu aa uehxau.nasau Ba KeH[[I.]IaHAI.I. ,rlox.[oH AgponaHbrH KoH-
    rnuegr hnccecx HJro KeHIruJ Tfiqapar aJIarocH caxnajbtpabl. Ey urahap
    hauun ruwapar a,'r a ran apu H,[,e 6aur,ru,{a MapKa3 Lrat-I. I(ourauenr,ta.
    'Xayrhevnrou, ,[,ysp, Ceuasrl,r, Hncsliq, EocraH sa 6aura uahap,rap
    ,tla rr.rqapar a,raracn cax,rajupaur. Xaptuao jyx,ra jaHausl rypFyttryH,
    raraj, Drar rapa anapHJ'Iupau. Bup raaap conpa (XII scpHH coHJIa-
    pu
    - XIII acpnH aBBaJrHHAeu) .raxu4 Be aapl.I ae uxpaq o,'IytJMaFa
    6arxra,{r,r. Aprur XI ecpaa, xycycHna XII acpaa japuapxa"rap (Butt-
    recrep, Eocron, CraM+opa, CeHr-Ases, Jopr uapra,rapu aa 6.) xe-
    Huru jajuaau. Ey japr'aapxa.napa raxqa O,tanaprJar,aH aeivn, Ara-
    ruja,'Aruaur.rja na 6arria eJ'rKa,'IapaaH ao ra!IHpJap xalxpau. Ey
    japMapKanapaa jyH rnvaparr 6ojYK jep ryrypry. Ayujael Qeoaal-
    rap, xycycnna MoHacrblp,qap, ha6e,na 6a'g KaHAJIllJIsp 1a jyu carup-
    ,'[Ifiap.,l
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    L.'-
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    1

    277 ,{E
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    plrHe, BepKI.I Be KpaJr Ka,,IHpJIAPHHI,TH TOnJlaHMaCbIHa HA3apaT eAI.lpAH-
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    Herr.rqac[HAe KpanblH oJIHHa ryaparaa usgu6arr anapar, npa hap6n
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    Eelalrx.re, Hopuananja lrcru.iranapuHbrH Hnxu,rrapa rapnxft yqyH
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    I
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    Hnxrarapa.u,a Hnc6aras MapKa3ne[IMIru tpeoaan aenaarnxar japau-
    MACbTHA KOM3K ETAI{.
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    I
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    uu ra'urr eaupa,u. Hoprtlau,qHja 6apou.napu ayrllMeH aHrn-caKc aha-
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    hZrxlrun jjaruur MyaaQEa err'aaja vau6yp uarrap. .Ilonpylyp, 6y r'ryaa.
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    KltMJtH,,reuIIlrpMax ga tahrur'a,lu KaHAJIgJlap[ a M aHcblsllacbrHa cTHc-
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    1' 278

    I
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    HHxnarapaAa aH EpH Topnar cahu6lt o.ran' KIrJ'Ica ra Kpana.[aHM
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    nHnapbrH 6a[rquaur erAHKJ,rapn xr.ncaja acnpxaua,u,eH- 3aHxHH 6ax-
    uHunep najrajbrpabr. O, rr.r,rcaja 6np cupa r'ayhyu uurrajas,rap (xy-
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    .u,Hnap xx, 6ynyn aa MapKa3r.r xpaa capaju H,(H. B[nhe,,rM[H K[qaK
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    - xpa.n
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    xa3nHacu, oepxt juruauacH H[rnapxHa Ha3apar eAaH uraxcaap (jyc-
    THc apu, KaHcnep, xe3Hrroaap aa 6.) aaxal rauasp. EyH4aH 6ariria,
    c^ajjap xpa.l uehreva haxurlr.napr rrryhyr*r aharlrHjjar iac6 eran.lap.
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    huccacu aau. I
    OsyrusH coHpa orynnapbr ranMajaH I herpxxun elyrr.ryx4au (l135)
    coHpa oHyH rbr3H
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    270
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    __ II
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    -
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    236

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    ,u,aJI aoBJrar[HHH KaHAnHnsp a.nejh na oaan 6yryn ra46upaepnnu Qeaa
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    arrr.rHAa ar'rar oJraH napJraMeHr, hep
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    . s 3. ltHxIrJITePe XIV-XV ACPJIOPIA.

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    I Ba\: Mcpgc K- u ?azeruc O., Coq., t. 7, ceh. 363.
    236
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    YcjaH Jlon,aoxaa roHrrry onar rpaQnHrnapaa
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    o lryMnaAaH lHl{r{nnc KHncacrrHHH 6anqucu, ejnn sanau4a Hnxt,rlrra-
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    aAnaHaH- raaa6rap BepAflnap. Ey nporpar'r rlna KaH,EJHnap rehxuuqR-
    -.nxjuu . aa 6r japuu J,raFBnHa, 6up Qoprlra4a xHqHK rryJr penracu (axp-
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    N7
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    uaja r,rav6yp o.ray. <Cnalrrrfu,rA rlporpaMhl) KfiMt,t Mo'JIyM oJlas ra.na6-
    298

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    er4nju uaunQecrAo ycjaHrrburap aFHp Bepxr{ jyxyHyu jyxxya.naru4t-
    puJrMecr.rHri, Kpan Ma'Mypnapuuuu ahalxur, xycyc[no sepxr jurap-
    r<ar, 3opJra cojr'racuna con rojy.nuacu, ha6e;re napaaueHT ceqxrr-
    rsp 3aMaHbr 6apoHnapbrH raHyHcy3 rasjanuuuu apaAaH ranaHpbrn-
    uacusu ta.na6 e.x,HpAl.Inep. OH.rap Qeo.qa,l.naprrx rac6 erAr{KJrapx Kpan
    TopnarnapbrH[rH xep[, oHyH esyua rajrapuauacuuu, caQeh Kpan My-
    ruaBHpJIapHHHH r{aHap oJrynMacbruu aa Kpa,n uypacbrHbrH rapxu6nne
    Jopr hepcorynyu Aaxnr'r oJryHMacbrHbr ra,'ra6 earlp,u,HJlap: Ycjanruaap
    lNaHKaBapnepHH jyxapu ra6era,rapH JopK hepcoryuy es 6aruuuaapn se
    Myaaonaq napr] heca6 eAupar.r.nap. Acac e'rn6ap[.na cnjacn xaPaKrep
    IaubrjaH 6y raaa6,rap [qap[cl{H,[a lrqrHMau caunjjaje Mar[K aHqar
    804

    ta**
    6up raaa6 Bapabr r<tr, 6y aa <uuvu raHynBepfiqrinnjnrHtru JraFB onyH-
    MACbI IIAI,I.
    Ycjan asaaaua uyeaQQarnjjaraa xeAHpau. Itlex Kea Jlon4ou4a aaa
    KeqflprrMecfi MyMKyH onaH au vaHQyp Kpan MyuraBrrpnapHHH Mah-
    KaMaja BepHpAH Ba e'IaM erAHpAH. Jlaxxn coupa ycjaxuu.napun he- :
    paKerJrapnnlaH sa Jlou4ox joxcyaaapun.qau ropxau urahapnx jyxapH .. i
    ae6aranepu crrnaha capunaH;rap na Tayep rapHH3oHyHyH xeu5in xaa j
    ycj auqburapH urahapaan cbrxHu.qupbr 6 qbrxapAbrnap. Kp aa ariruairigff
    ycjauuuaapu 6aruruaaja.rarnrbr Be'A erAE.
    UJEI6 xe.4ar{eK.rapu ha.nAa,
    Kea 6y aa'aa HHaHAbr Ba es repaQgap.napbrHbrH rapaa.4ya erarjuuu
    r'(oPqraK .lacrerapu 6ypax4u. Eyx.qau coupa ycjautuaapa aMaHcH3
    ILIBaH Tyrynr{ara 6aur.nanlu. KeA a.na xeunpuax6 e'4au oayn,u,y.
    Earura.rparlaurJlapAa AaFbrHhrr han.qa ycjaHa raJ,rxMar,leh4lepu res:
    JII{KJIa J aTbtp brn.{br.
    Ke.t ycjanuruu IapMa.laFHH olynuacu ea ha-
    A.r ra Ar MlrH ycjaH 3aMaubr
    6au aepuuu orurpu rorryur-
    rHlut xYr
    yhapxoacf,. Manap BapnH urahap,rraapr ea <jeuu 3aAexaE:
    naptr)br, KeHrltrr xaJrr hapaxaruua, HpH QeoAan- .
    J'rapr,tH aFanbrrbrHa rapubr 6ap uy6apnsa Bacr{racH KHMr-r yMr.rA 6aF-
    JraMarAaH aas xeuuaja rrrau6yp er4r. HnaN ou.lap yMHAnaptlHH cyra-
    Je AajnunacnHe 4HI(IHnep aa Jlarxacrepaapa rapu-lH Kpan HacJru
    raa rohyu o.naH Jopx,rapu My,u,atpua eruaja 6aru.narulap. Jopx;lap
    .aa HHxurapaHHH eH Hprr mpnar cahu6lap[ tr^Ennap. ,(nxep rapSQaan,
    Jysuarnx uyhapa6aHHn coHa qarMacb,r Qeo4a,r acuasaAenaptrHud
    xanflpJlapr.rHH xej.nH asa,rrvuuUu. Huax oHnapbrH 4trrarr harnuajjar
    yFpyHAa, capajAa KaJHp aJra xeqHpMeK yFpyrrAa uy6apasaja hauu-
    rxaxrrH,rLaH,u,aha qox qeMraHMLrurfi.
    Jlaxxacreprap ea Jopxaap apacbrHAaKH cynana qexHurManapn
    Qeo4aa apa uyhapx6a.rapn yqyl oJrBepnunrr Qypcar oaay. 1,155-vu
    rinae AyuMoH cynarenapnu rapaQaaplapu apacHH,u,a hap6x rorryru-
    ua 6aur Bep,[H. Ey y3yH cypaH apa uyhapu6arepfiHr.rH rapHxae
    Aa se Ar rbr3Hn xyn uyhapu6a.napn (Jlanxacrep,rapnx xep6nnae- aa
    rbrsHr Kyn, JopxaapuHxutt4a Hca aF rbr3bln xyn napar,r) a,u,uHu a.r-
    r'ruu rrryhapn6aaapun 6aru.nauruqbr on,4y. Hpu Qeoaa.raapbrH qoxy,
    aycycHne cujaor uycraruaauja ejpauuuur Ba qoxny hap6n rysea.na-
    pH onau IIIsua.nuH Qeo.la.n,lapu Jlauxacrep.napan apxaebrHAa rypyp-
    .qynap. JopKnapH fice HrrLIcaAH ',IeherAeH 4aha nurr.rruatp erMr.flrr oJraE
    r{any6-lllapruu npn tpeog,a;uapu, oHnapHH JlauKacrepnap rapaQnu-
    Iaa haxuunj jaraaH cblxblrxabrpbr.nrr.ruu rohyu-arpa6acsr se BaccanJra-
    pu r'ryaaQua ear.rpir,rinap. Eynyn"'la jauaruu, rYBBarJrH xpa,r haxr.rrrrrj-
    jarr japaau.rvacHHa qanHuraH <jeux sa.4axax.nap> ea urahep.ruaa-
    pf,H rroxy aa oHnapH MyAaQHe e,rlxparl,,rap. Eynynaa 6eaa,6xp uox
    upu Qeoaaa.rapAaH orpy hauaH uyhapx6a cojryuuy.nyr yqyH Ba os
    cajacu uycrerrJrJll.rKJrapHHH ryBBarnaHAHpMaxaaH erpy jaaHus 6up
    Sahaua r4r. Ey Qeoaauaap, qox acaHJrHrJra, ua6haaan-ua6heja
    a:,Qa rxru ra,rr6 xarca, oHyu rapeQxna xequpAlnap.
    - hap
    Enp cupa raHJrH rorry[ManapAaH coHpa Eayapa Jopx Jlonaouy
    'ryray Be xpar e'aau oaynay. IV Egyapaun (1461-1483) Kpar,'rbrFa
    ' -.1
    20 cxo. 7x].
    6arlnaMacH Aa ga Ar rH3bln KYn uyhapu6alepnua con rojuag,w.
    :" Osyu haxuuHjjerr n.naapun.u,e haurn uyhapn6eJlep Aooenapno jentr-
    ' Ia rr,rsHuuu. IV Eayapl raHKacrePqx 6apon,rapa aMalrctr3 aIrBaIl
    qoHxaBeP
    ,t. ryrly. Jlaxun o, jopxuy 6apon;rapa aa e'rH6ap erMoal{; opra
    ?: t-e6aiecunaas oayia jaxHH al,aM.x'ap qeu6 erAu, oulapa Qax-px a.l.
    p.. sa uylxrap naj;rlan.- IV Eayap,q nap,raueHra aa .HHaHMbIpau- qynxn
    Hj napaiuesf ceqKHJIapH, aBBaJIKH I<HMH, jeua ae Qeo4a,r acltJl3aaeJla-
    !J puirun ra'cupn a.ntuxaa fi\r7. O, xYcycl{rle Manujja -Ma:9{,4-la!11191
    L, i.rvr'rxv* r"l5p [apJraMeHrcn3 xeululreja qanbluupAH; uahapaap,aan
    ft xduy.rray haaujjeaap aa ua',I6ypu 6opv nyl anMaFbr YcrYH ryrypay.
    fi, O, napaaueuru uau6yp eaepaK, cocBepMa lony no, e3Yna eMYpnYK
    f , ;d";,fi';&;;"t-tyiy'.y
    ,t x6rtlovx ro[JlaMar hviyry ?r'""i"1u. EyuyH sirrrn"H,ae
    alrtauuau. E'yuyri xpa.n iej.in
    HarHqlscHHAo xpa''I xej.nr
    7-'t Eacanr aJrao era 6ur,a,r. flap.nauenru ronJlaMar aprblr rrra qegpun-
    F .qx. Haapa'{IIIHK B3 IaHyHBep[t{I'IJII-lKjep,uHTXnApHHAe RPanHH AJI-nOIy
    ti, isualu.'IV Elyapa I,Inir.rardpauun rl.rqaparu Ba ceHajecsHrt
    L*: par6araasanpMok it-rjacarfi jepuaupax. O ex rujuar.nn jyn uee.napnur*
    l'l ixpaq onyHMacblHhI rararaH er.[,H; 6yHyg,la ,lla Mahy.u roxyqyJyFyga
    l,.:.- raiau sep4r.r. Frausa oe Beuerctia r-a]rPlnP,11iY.,"-1:r:.-11{iii.-"*[1:
    I l"" r*irr" uahyayuyrl Hu,re'iraaua ie Hra.nnjaja anapbIJIMacHHIt
    '.. Te'Mr.rH erMoK yqyE raa6Hpnep KepaY.
    i;: IV Elyapaui onyMyHAaH coHpa oHyH rapaarxht Pxuapa raxr'ta-
    it vuu rauynn napuc,'rapnnn-EayapablH xnunx, jaru.nu oFynJIaPHHEr
    -eaayply6
    i- Tayepaa hixnuujjaru ara KerlnpaH Ea III Puuapa (1483-
    ;_- 1485) aau I{JIa onKaHH HAapa ervaja 6au.la1u.'JJanxacrepuulap na
    g: jopxuy 6aDosaapus 6up
    igpxuy 6apouaapun 6uD rpyny oHa rapubl
    raplrlbr 6[pneuaurop. Ou.lap yc-
    6[pneulaurop. OHnap Yc-
    jaua raaxu6 raxr-Taqa jenr xauuaag JlaH(acrep HacnHHhH KIttlIlK
    l1' roayuyu uyuajeHAacr.l oaan
    ioayuyn uyuajeu4ecr.r -
    Tylopytt
    heHpnx TyaopyH
    orraH FreHpnx npaar
    uauusa.qaujunx Hperrt
    HaMH3aanfijHHH
    :- bypaylrap. 1485-lrfl uraa BocQopr j axbIHnHFbIHAaKu aypyuuala III
    i PHca-pA Marry6 o,'lAy Be e,raypynAy. Dy nypyruua sla-An ge Ar rn-
    l;.- sua iyr rryhapu6acu coua jer4u. heupux Tyaop VII hespux aarr
    'l tlJa HHKHnrapa Kpanbl e',ran o.nyuAy.
    ''' pniJenu Tyaoplap cynarscrrHlrn (1485-1603) 6anucu olau - VII heu-
    *f r" 'r,rir*l;frrn"n .yru""Jo"anp";- ' y;ptil; 6apou,rapur
    xycrarr.un[jfiHa rapuH My6apHgeHn apAhr![brnJrHura AaBaM erAEpAH,
    6y cujacerz jepr.rrMaK oHyH yqyH xycycfiao acaH [AH. r{ynxu Al n5 Ar
    . rlrsnn xyn uyhapu6acu Her[qacHHAa Qeo,4a,r eculsa4e.neprnun xejlr
    hnccacr rupuau6 ryprapMbrur Be r(pan haKnMr.rj jarnHr.rH ryBBerJreH-
    A[punMacuH,(e MapaFH oJraH jenn sa4axanlapuH Ba ,[oFyJr M a r.u,a oJraH.
    6ypxya yncypnaptrtrHH aqrfiMaH ahauujjeruuu aprbrpMlrrxabr.
    Hnxu.rrapa.{a XIII-XV acpnapAe riHKHJruc xar-
    [lrxttanc rhrHhrH TaparrHcrr flpocecfi 4aeau er,4u xu, 6y
    Mf,JI'EIX
    ,apsxrlacuEr.fl Aa r(aJrerrloK r.tHKr.r"[lrc MrirreTr,rHr-rH t[opMa,ra u-
    rJlxxE rtr3prrepf,, MacH YqYH aCaC OnAy. Ey AeBpAa HHXTTJTHCTO-
    pHH Ar{n Ba apa3H 6vp;l ju, acacax, uyajjau-
    nauI-Ip.
    I4urunrope,ae Jlongou luepxes oJlMarJIa nahz.4 r'ruaru 6a:ap ja-
    paHAHr!{a na Qeoaa:r ,(eBnarri Mapl(asneuAflKlra, XI-XII acpJapr]
    onMyur anfl Qapr.nepn, raApr4lrna culnur,r6 apaAaH raJrxbrpir,u. Opan-
    cLr3 Ba JrarhrH ar.rJrnepuHtrH ra'ctlpti ane 3oHKIrHJIeuIaH JIonAon Opra
    306
    ryrep-- "- , '-:,'.':*-
    !?Inxu.nrape uflBacH acacHHAa YuyMrlHxxnrapa .ln.nu japauupau. XIV -.-#
    : tr
    rrHxuJrr{c 1x.ltx 'rauujjatlln 6yryx ra6ara.laprlH-HH ra6yn ertrItj
    6auJ- ,!t
    €cpre
    yMyMI.I aaHErlllblr aIrJlH Ba aAe6lr.qHJo qeBpunHp. 1362-"Ix uraau
    .iajapar 6y arnae rlapnaMeHT,u,a MY3axlrpanap Keanp sa pacun,uah' ,-i
    fieMo apauAHpManapbl anapbIJIblp. Bux.rutpun raure66ycy r.na Br.r6.lrja '.il
    lrHxlrJrgc anntrHa raplNyMa olynyp. XIV acpuH llxlrHqtl iapHcHHAa F*
    reuAnn afipu Vnajau Jleuraeua 03 noeMaJIapbIHE 6y 4[rre--iasHP' i*
    ru; e.{,a6uusxlurc /ltrJIHHItH 6aHHnapI'IH.u,aH 6upu, uaurhyp (KeHTcp- ,-!*
    6epx hexaja;rapu>uun uyaa;rnQu, ruatp ltleQrfepl tlocep haunu aua- lE
    aa japaaup4u. +
    t.rn r[acla

    AJIMAH L|JA XII-XV oCPJIAP.(A

    s r, AIMAHIJA Xrr-XI eCPJIOpAe.

    XII-XIII ecpaep 6ojynua Auuaunjaaa uah-


    Kai! r.c.ppyortlfilr cyJrAap ryBBaJrap xej.nn rpa;ru.ne4n. Ey xec-
    rahcyrrap rIilollpr!
    xf,alEaorl. rapuvr.rap4au_ 6apr KeHHItt AaxlJul Mecr(yu-
    JrauMa t-r,4u. Ou r,rux,rap.ra, jys unx,rapaa xax.q-
    JtrrrrHH xopKr.rH auajx uaruuacxuaa oJTKaHHH c[MacH aa aajuruau. Ke-
    qHJrMa3 MeuaJlap ea 6arar,nur.lapuu jepun.4a KaHAnap, aKflH jeprapE
    i eMaro xa,r4u. o.nxenun ,,r3Hy6yHAa .qar,rur jep.napnn MeHr{McoH[,rlMa-
    : cH Ba rrHManAa Aeurasa hyuyt'.t uyaaQQarujjaua xeAnpAH. XIII acpa+
    ' A.nuasujaAa Aax nH MacKyHra[uMa, acacaH, 6arua uar1u. Eeuepnuau
    ropnar cahereptlHIH KeHI.IuIJIaHMacH HJ'Ia elraAa ncrehcan oJryHarf
    xan^q racappyQaru uehcyraapuuuH M[rAapH ,[a apraH.
    l, byHyHJra jaHarubr
    Eynyu.ra JaHaubr xoHA KaHA receppYQarbrHbrH
    receppyOarbrHbrH csMapaJroruar.rpHrMac[
    caMapa,'roruAnpH,,rMact
    i!.,, (nnrencusreu4upu.ruuacx) npocecx aa Keaupan. flaha rrjuar,rr ra-
    :. xua 6rrxu.napH xeHnttr jajburbrp (6y esyny, xycycuna apnaja xrc6a-
    Ton qoBAapbrH ycryHJryK TarxKr.rJr erMacl-tHaa xocrapxpar), ysyMrryJyrl
    :'- aa 6ar,runur xerauxqe uapre Ba urnMana aoFpy xexxur.ninrp, rei-
    . ErrKH 6Hrxrrrap (xerau, uerana, sajaa) hep jepae jaju.rrup, rojyuvy.ryr
    .- f,HKIl[JaQ eAUp4r.r. OxuuunJrHK aJrerJropH TaKMr{JlnouEpar.r: opaFH Aap-
    ..- jas, xupuau najacunu raxu,u aejan roxMar aBa3 eran. TopnarHn.
    :-j laha jaxuru Be re3-re3 uyMJIaHbIrMacHHa, Mepxen ae nejuxna ecac-
    an cyperga xy6peaauuecnna 6arunaHhlnabr. Araas xenA receppy-
    i jarun4a
    " .xyhyu rourry hejsauu KHMH HcrHQaaa eaflnMac[Ha xeq]IrMacnHr{rf,
    ,i'; ahaurljjerlr Bap.q,br KH, 6y ar.napun HaJrflaHbrJrMacH roqpy6e-
    *+'- cnsuH jajuruacu cajacrn,qe MyMKyH on.qy. Eyryn 6yx;rap uahcyl-
    ffi, lap.nurus (axr.nanaan 4-5 aaQa reasp apr6lr) e3yHy Kocrop.u,Irb
    ffi fap6u ABponaHhrH 6a[ra onKerapttHAa onayFy
    l&
    :ti -^u,-t-l?*qy^-.. xnicr,
    xarMac8 jyxcanuunxuu Aarianu.laaa aa KaH.q racippy6arunun
    i , , ,, - - - , , ., - ., d r.-h.^, ,,^-,,,"^^,; -
    ueJAaHa
    I Tjffiffi;iff:' ^
    ,
    eu
    ^- uyhyt'r. Heruqecll ;;."t^-.-,
    cauajeuax
    KaHr racappY0aruuaan ajpuluSgHHAaH Ba oPra,
    . acp uahap.rapuuuu unxrruaQuH.(as r6apar onay. rllahapnep hap
    : jepaa .uaha res Pejn oa.(ynaj hossaaeprHAa Mej.qrHa xonaf,: PejE
    Ko6.renc Majuc,
    Ko,'rH, l(ooneHc
    hensacuu,aa- ( Ke,ru,
    neBsacfiH.(a- lvlalHc, Bop.rrnc, unelep,
    ljopnHc, III qejep, urpacoypr,
    Crpac6ypr,
    Eonn;) Aysaj heasacauaa- (Y.nu, Pexepc6ypr, ,[oHaysepr aa 6.)-
    ' .I(. Maprc Alruauxja4a ruehepuu KaHAAeH ajpbrnMacr,r npocecnxu lX-
    ..' XII acprapa aua eaxp.r XII acpaa onKaae 50-je jaxug ruehap oap-
    : gu. XIII acp epsnuga-rca oHnaphtH caju apru6 500-a qarabt, Aorpy-
    E+;
    -----I Eo.x: Maprc K., 1rcetac @., Co'I., r. 27, crp. 040 (pyc lualua).
    = 308

    lts-.
    a.:
    neva jys caxtrE' -:
    xHpaa urahapaap

    Jlaxnu 6yruapaa janauu, aprur, XII--XIII acpnap.qa uehap.ngl2*


    ja,rrua arpaQ jepnaprH caHar-ruvapaf ueirkeellr poay oiui-uaraa 'ria--*
    ilaiu6, heM
    Mal'br6, han aa KeHHur xagrlrfl
    Aa Kerrntrr xagFrfl fl{qatrar anapax urahao",rdi-.ue
    Tnq?trar anapaH- urahSdjr5i-.ue trreiaaua.
    ueiaasa. +!
    KeniiEDAEr6p.-tlacanaE, opia adp-Fan-aEfrja unui a1-6oiyR-in5lapr ":
    olan Ke.ln 6ynnapbtu cupac_nnaa nau. Ke.nn nuruuraQ eririrl u"ria. ;i
    e'uaru sa jyu ua.n.rrap ncrehca.nu MopKa3r.r uan. 5y uehcya.t aga All.-- :,,,,
    MaHHjaHbrH hyaya.napuH4an qox-qox y3arnapaa aa ehrplaq iap.qu.. ,
    Ko,ruyfi ur:uca.4u ahaurjjaru 6y urahaprH a.rraepuur.lx,,loipaEr.r iren- -
    rejr Haa.6arau IrAu. KenH opra acp AaponacuHux an uyhiru'cy jo,ty :
    oaarr _Pejnaa EpyxxeaaH xean6 Becrrpi,urja aa Bpayuuieejr sic;rra'- ,,.i
    cuaa hau6yp_ra ea _Jly6exa KeAeH rypy rxvapar jo,rynyu iacuura[jE: :,
    j-epaa u.u. lllehap Illxua.nn Llra;lrrtja, O,tau4puja' na' Bi;rrux cahs,nn.
    6ojyu.qan aJrbrHaH Maurapbr rtryxraail$ ucruraiuei,rapa ioai ca.nau 6o-
    i
    jyx eryp_yuy MapKa3 uan. Ey aeopaa Ayrc6ypr, HypH6epr, V.rrv, JIy-.
    :'.'J#lxsil,y'*mrl+*#:
    oeK Ba o. [aneDnaD .[a MvhvM caHeT-T[qaDar MAnr{aqr.nq tf,rur.en
    rq',."i,*rr;:*Tir,#?r".{l,l,lt
    xyqynyr yahcylaapu _r.rcrehcaau, ha6eae THKHHTn vutt u1tt. XII ecp- l

    ,{a Aauaunja4a Aaur


    ,aa AnMaHHjaAa rr.tKrJrMacHHa 6aunaHhrnblp ra,6y
    6tna.nap rr.tKEJrMacHHa
    4arr 6fiHanap ci-
    xn, 6y ca-
    haAe Aa upn rexaaxn jeHlaur.rap rer6ur onyflypAy, XII-XIII'acp-
    aapAa na'Iau xunapgnAe 6ejyx r,rysaQr[aru j jai rasaunaup. fi,auip
    tp.
    _u_;lusri
    (Illa6psaa.naaa Opej6ypr), ra.rraj (O,.nre Aanaapuiaa), uu-e
    (MancQe.la), ruaua (Cu;resnjaaa lo;ra6ypr), xyuyur (Caxconujaga),'
    rlblxapunaH jeuu rrrepxesrap uejAaua xaaup. Meia.l vuxapuaruacu
    npocecHHr-rH ggy Aa MypaKKa6Jlauflp Bo rar{Munnaurp.
    A.nuaxuja uahapaepurla caHarrap c-e_xnapr.r re3 MejAaHa xaJllr
    1a
    jyxcax reparrx carujjacHHe roxyuy 'C"in t tOilS'i"
    Bopuc 6aaur ra-qnprapH cexr.r (.qaraH. -M^ajeL
    I 106-1 107; na BypiOypr 6iur,rai--
    qbrnapbr cex[ ( I 128) an r.aAriM cexnep- uaaap. Ey iirr.ran Aauanuja-
    .q,a, harra raAbrH cexaapH
    eJHpgEnap cexH, unJanacHJap - Hrrax Ma'MynarEr roxyqrynapH cexH, nri
    cexll aa Bap.rlbr.
    - XI-XIII
    6aaa
    acp.lrapaa aH uHxuruaQ eruuu uahapaap, 6Hpun,lu xen-
    Peju urahep.nepx, ceujop sy;rruyua rapruu uy6ap-raa inapaulap..
    Ceujop sylruy jenucron uahap.lapnHAe aaha arup xg-n. Jlaxrri uahai-
    repr.rH autxar 6e'sulapu uahal.lu xHjasnapHH haxuunjjeru anrbruAar
    rypr:y.;ra 6n,n.Uuaap; 6yr,rap asa4 urtrnepnja urahap.laplt aAJraHaH rrr+-
    .!-gprap (Koau, Bopuc, Ilinejep,
    !_gprap (Koan, Pexeic6ypr, Mdlxi
    Illnejep, Pereic6ypr, Mdjxc ea 6.)
    6.y u4x;rap-
    u4xrap-
    i IxahcJrcpl+-qgiy5-.a[q-qgjjg3r Kuj,Lsga-piru h-e6u?a U-{glry aJrrbrHAa
    -.
    ; raJIAHnap. JIaKHH oHp rlox caHar-ruqapar uapxa:,rapn,- 6ilii-rajAa
    oaapar, .xxQajer
    uJrapar', ralap KeHflr.tl
    llr(paJi,r r-aaap I'lyxrapujjaraas- r.rcTfiQaaa
    KeHfir.tl MyxTaptrjleTAaH ucrnQa4a eaHp,[f,j
    eAup,[f,;
    lt HtxnepHHe cevru.nu utahap
    lgllepHE l.ax -nYryr-y uypacL,r Ha3apar
    eInpAIr. tsePxu mlMar aH1r'ar 6y nypaja uaxcyc n1r.r. [Iahe-
    plri Myra$trecnHr.rH TeuKHJrH, oHyH ep3arJra ra'utH onynuacu 4a ha-
    MHH rxypaHbrH calahujjarnHa AaxHJt Hlti.
    lllaheplapaa haxuin j jar narpHenara, 6aru.nuua o,napar
    .{[pnepa Mexcyc rrAu. Illahapun Hrrr,rcaAH hojarunaa 6ojyx
    jan cexaap crj acu lraharaan hyryrcya ula.rra'p. XIII acpa^an
    -cnjacx
    arahap H hejaruua HurrHpaK erMeK -yFpJnrAa uy6apxsecn
    {auraaHup. Eup cupa uahap,rrapaa (@pej6ypr, Iocaap, Vair) iexaap
    rlehap urypacuaaa Hrlrr.rpaK eruax hyryry rasau4u;iap. Jldxun qo'x
    Itta,r.rapaa XIII ecpae cex hapaxar.napu yFypcy3nyrna HortrtNaJraHAH.
    Illahap cerarnunu jyxcaanuru arpap uyxacu6ar-
    Arpap rapun HHK[uaQuua 6ejyx ra'cup Kocrapalr.
    rayfiacfi6ornapxll
    raxauYnY. Illahapaapnn uejaaHa xe;rxacu HJre KaHAJTH re-
    cappyQaru ea tpeoAa.n racappyt[araapu
    racappyoarnapbr cr'rraa-
    eMraa-
    nyJr eJraraJ'rapuHo qrer6 oJryHMaFa 6arunaan. Illahap,ra KaHA apacbrH-
    -Aa, a3-qox, MyHra3aM 6asap anaranapH japanau. lllahap arpaQ xana
    JepnapIHuH Hrrllca/lu Map(a3uHa qeBpHJraH.
    KaxAHx aurae-ny,r uyuacn6ar,rapHHa ',ran6 oJ'ryHMacbr arpap ry-
    pynyujyH xapaKrep[HAa, KaHAnHnepHH (peoAar HcrHcMapH oopMara.
    gY_ _Ba Ycynrlapbln1a ahaunjjarnt 4ajxulrlx.nxxaapa ca6a6 o,'riy. XII-
    -XIII jysu.nluxaapaa AluauujaxbrH 6Hp qox pajoxaapuxaa rahxuuau
    Ba acHJrbr KaH.4nHnapHH 6Hjap aMajl-lHa acacraHaH xe,ruuu uyar (sor-
    sr.rHa) crcreMr.r aaFbrJ,rhrp. Illahap ahaancrn[H rroxaJMacH HJre aJra-
    '-JaAap onapar KaHA racapppyQarbr Mahcynnapbrua raae6aruH aprMacH
    Oeoaannapbr uahcyaaap 6t-tjap
    Qeoaa,r.napu aa r',rahcyaaap auajunaan HMTHHa
    6r.rjap aMajunaaH uuruna eruaja
    erMaje BaAap
    ea4ap
    ,-r. .eTAH; OHnap MYJTKOAap racappYQartrHbr rarurn.l eruajuH aaha enBe-
    i," 'puruJn Qopuaaapxuu axrapMara Malr6yp onAynap. <Deo.qaa 03 xynx-
    i- .aapunAas aJrHHaH [eJ'rHpH aprbrpMar yqyH KsHAnHnapHH aH aFHp acH-
    '.. .,'rr,[Jlbrr Qopua.napuH4aH ra 6ujap4aH urrarnHa eruaja 6e,na hasup llg,r.r;
    ;: sn6ar-ra, 6y 6aura KaHATH MyKoJrJroQujjar.rapuuu (ny,r aepxu.napn
    r' Ba c.) apTHpMar yqyn Aaha KeHuur HMKaHrap japaaAblFbt rorAHpAe
    .- .$eo.qaa 6yna pa3Er uAH. XIII acpaa 6ujap eMejHHa acacJraHan Qeoaaa
    . xynKyHy (norrunauu) xa,rrc ceujopuja aanatas ceHjopuja aBe3 erarr,
    ," 6y ceujopnjauuH ce'rujjaox aJraMerH MycrarHn aFa racappy$arHruu
    -:- lEMdMxJrs Ba JaXyA AeMaK OJrap KH, TaMaMHJre MeBqyA OnMaMaCH U,q{.
    €onaaaap MynKoaapa Maxcyc onaH exun jep.napx suc6erau 6ojyK ca-
    1. heaape 6onyHypay. hauun caha,rep laejep.nepa (eap.nu xaH.[anaap
    : [qepucHHAaH rrHxMrl[u oIaH MyJIK-BoTqfiHa [aapaqHnaprna) utrapeja
    Beprnupan. JIaKuH 6y Opaxca sa Hnxn.nrapaaaxuuaoH QaprnaHup,u,lr.
    .Macaaau, hauuu eaxarepae ara (4or'ren) raceppyQarbr aaFB onyHAyr-
    .4a 6eaa KaHAnuJIap, 6np rajaa onapar, e3 ropnar najrapuHa Bapnc-
    anx hyryryny caxaajupau,lap. Aauannja,qa t.tca HpcH ropnar najuua
    MaJrr.rK oJrau KanAnrrrapr.rH xejax hnccacr rbrca MyaaarJru riqapeqnnapa
    qeBpx,'tfipAIrJep. Jl.arxu 6ynaap Qeo4ar xuapavnaepx n4naep. On,rap
    .'ropnar caha6ane lrqapa hamu aejaa, QeoAa.l peuracu BepupArJ,rap.
    Kecrapn,nan Qopuaaa nvapa nyuacx6arJrapHHuH jajuauacu, hev
    Aa, KaHAnHnapr.rH HcrHcMapErHbrH - Qeo,{aa ra6uarugx AojuuMHpAH
    (saruau xev4xxve oHnapbr ,a,a Mejep aanaH.[hrpMaFa 6aru.ia4u.lip).
    Mahcy,ua a"rbluaH Tej,,,/ xxau Qeoaa.n pexracuusru haxuu qoplri-
    -{HHa qeBprinflp. Ey rojvy KaHAIHHIH an,[a erlhjfl r',lahcy,ryu .{epq.(a
    6rpun4au japucuua raaapr.rHu ahara e4npr,r.r; 6yHa anaBa onapar,
    -Te3-re3, nyn BepKuJrap[ Aa anblHblpAhr. <Xa.nuc ceujopuja> Auraru
    . CarcouHja, BecrQa.nr.rja, Eaaapnja, ha6ena lllaa6tja-6aeapnja jaj-
    JracbrH^qa xeuuru jajuau lnr4sr. Itlany_6-fap6t se Opra Aauannjanun
    :ralau pajou.rrapHHAa (AaeMaHHja, OpaHKoHHja, Peju6ojy nnaijaru)
    .310

    tr*,.
    nce.tpeoaa;l MynKyHyH (rorvuxauun) aoHy6.rarMacE aaJraHaH rrpo-
    cec xeAup. By jep.rapaa xeqMnur MyJIK (oorurna) rouKunarbl ranHp-
    ,u,br. JIaKHH onyu hylylaapH aaxurHH,(o, rHcMoH, nyJr peHTacbrna xe-
    rrHnuprx. Syuyu narxuacurraa aa Qeoaana nya rejuycy qHH[r Be-
    - <Xa,tuc:
    pau. xej.lru MHraapaa rrraxceH a3a.u, xaH.[Jrr{ MejaaHa xa.n-up.
    ceHjopnja>uux jajbuAbrFbr pajoHrapaaH Ooprnr onapar, 6ypaa xana-
    Jrunap esnap[Hr.rH HpcH ropnar uaj.rrapmuu caxJIaMHu sa herra, nyaj-
    jaH aaparre4a, o3lapnHuH heurn ropnaraapa r'ly.rrnjjar hyryryuy uoh-
    I(aMnaHInpMH lrranJreP.
    @eogaa
    .peHracu QopManaphrHHH Aajuuruacr aJlrMaH keHAJrnJta-.
    pl.iHHH Ba3HjjarnxAa eheMHjjarrx Aaj u uui.nxx;repa caOaO onAy.
    Tah_
    K[MrrHJrHx acHJrErJrHFbrHHH aH aFDrp 0opMarapH__a_paAan ra;rxrip.
    qox x0H.[JIHJ'r0p uaxcH a3aAJrHr a,rHp. 6up.
    XII_XIII
    acpnapAa a;luau
    KeHAJTHTapHHHH nasujjarunrtu uyejjau ra4ap j axuruua ulaurulru ,qa rejA.
    eruax o.lap.. JIaxnH. 6y jaxlru.naurua xauljn.napHu $ixruxll aasnjj'J
    rnua 4ejua, hap nejlau anaa.r, hyryrx easxjjarriHa ait uli. Kaua'liu_
    .tep rahruuuu,lut< acHJrblJlbrFbtHAan, uox aaxr, roprraar,
    ealr,rMaKJra a3a.E onyxypaynap. fuca Myaaarn[ uuapaunu ""hpyrr-
    xaHAJrlJrapHH MynKlrjjar hyryryrty n[crrauArrpAu. KeuAlu *r*rrrr_
    1a;u,rraiiu
    '"".rraHrHKAo
    tlij-"Il"q1 lutt apr.qu: HlNapa MyraBrrJrecn hrp a"O,
    Qeoaan HtiNapa. nafrHHhr apThrpMar HMxaHHHa MaJnK Onypay. Aauanr_r-
    JaHbIH aJpbr-ajpH paJoHnapbrHAa (xycycHna uuuaa_rap6li) .[yHjeDB
    Ba xycycuna pytranu rDeoaa,r,rap Hr{Ma mpnarnaphrHbr ryryp,'hirra
    KanAntlnapu, 6a'3aH, 03 naj ropnar.lrapbrHa'au rosipayaap'. XIi_Xilf
    ecp MaHoanapn eeoaan MyJlKyHyH (ooruruauuu) aasnea;ru aaa aa-
    pbrHrrH cbrxbrrlAbrpManapbr Ba hap qyp cyu_NcrrQaaa,rapHHa rapurg
    KaH,4rrHn€pt,tH. ruuxajarlapu xna aonyayp. Oeoaia.,raprin 6nptiaua
    raparx 6np jaHa ralcuu, Hehajarcus Qebaaa vaxnuvanapu KaHAJrn
    aFbrp.6up jix Haa sa
    19:-e!!'{Q?1.'IapbI Y3aPHHAa '{ox naxi oflnapbrn
    AtlIaHqI,l hanbrHa AyuMacrHa, HQ.raca yFpaMacbrHa ca6a6 onypAy.
    Anpap rypy-ryuraaxu aajsu.r xnnxa5plH xeuajr.r n.ra KaHAJ.runap
    flqapncun,qa Ja6aranar.uMe xej.ru apr,4u. Baplu iaHaan.rap ce"uaub
    ajpHJMaFa 6auaaAburap. Ou;rap 6ap Heqa KaH.4IHHHH naj- ropnaru_
    Hu (ryQ) eJ'rrap-lnAa 6np.lau4upnp aa ja 6yren rrly.rx.r"pn luapaj+
    KerypypAy.rap. by ropnarnapEr oHnap 03 joxcynnarrMbltx haurbsa-
    nHnapr.lHuH aMaju Hna 6euapnp4l.nap. flxxap rapaQaaH, a3roprrarJru
    xeHArsnepltH cajs aprbrpan.
    xeHAnf,nepl,tu aprHpAH. Ey xaxg.nraap uopia,ri ropnar niluuur
    rax.qrnaap HopMan nijunup
    aHqar_6flp huccacxue MarnK r.r_aHn3p. EjHn 3aMaH,[a, ropnarcbrs HaB,q-
    au ra6eracu uejaaua xalup. Kang4a, lern fir{rnMau run
    ,{y Mej.q,aHa xartp. O aan ceHjop raahhyaaaptru jeplna - KyHeMy3A-
    j6,rtpuax-
    na jauauru, ehrnjau yayu4au, Qeoaa.rra oa ja uap,ru- xaulir.rja e,,ra-
    hnpga harr nepu6 uyslai lara unaauaja
    rulauaja Meq6yp
    Met[6yp ;,qH.
    lt.u,H.

    Arxer renlrx4a Kan4lu,nap Qeo4aa ucrucuapbrHa rapubr aatlM


    crtrox uy6sDxse. uy6apnsa aflapHpAhrnap. fucauyAAer.nu rrqa- l
    pe harruuuu jajuaauru pajoHnapaa oHnap uc.-
    rIrS
    pyu,aa uy6apnsa eanpaHnap. jepae QeolauaaptrH 3opa-
    KrIJTHFDIHa rapuH qnxHrx e4np, $eo.qa;r uyxa.n.narpuj jar
    KHnapHrrEH a3aJrabrJrMacuHa rrarr ruHpnhulap. I(ar,4ln.rapun
    .aar QOpManapH rr.ryxralnQ r.rAr. MyxanneQn j jaraapnn flqpa onyH-
    rracblHAarr r.rMTHHa eAHnMact.r, oHJrapbrH recAau 6aruAaucoBAy jep[Ha
    jernpr.r,l.uaor oa Qeoaaa racappyrfaiuua 3rjaH BypynMacr,'',jtijJi,
    aH MaHQyp aFanapbrH Be oHnapbrH nasnQaln agar*i,ii pr,lxuu onaypyJr_
    ecfi 6y Qopuaaapaan x,u.r.
    Kau4,rnrapan raqar AyuMacH xycycnJra xeHuls jajburMblurAbr. KeHA-
    -JBnopHH. Qeoaal racappy$arlapuu4ax ra'ruacu-6y AeBpAa ena xe-
    rruru eyc'ar ,an MHrx,rlbr xn, Qeolaalap ravan xau4.lu.napa '6tp-6apuua
    rajrapuar 6apoaa e3 apanapHHAa casuru 6ar.najupjulapj udhep-
    -.rap,aau raahhy4 anHp,(Hnap xl,r, raqrhrH KeHAJT[rapa oa AlBapnapH
    flqap[cHnAe jep BepMacrHnap; Qeo4a.r.nap, harra 6y 6apale raHyH-
    rBeputrl tl Jl HK Tslt6[pnaplr KopyJ'r Macr.t HH aa rena6 eArlpar.rnep.
    XI I-XI I I jysr.r.l,ruxlapaa aJr MaH_-KaH.qnHJrepxHru cxHSn uy6apn-
    .Becrl hene Jroxan xapaKTepaa rrau. KeHAnn qbrxurrraphr, aaariu, aj-
    pbrqa 6Hp_KaH.[[H Ba ja MyMrryH hylyl.napuulaH xaHapa qbrxMHpAbr.
    ,Ja,rgu: XIII acpuu coHnapblHra Hrc6arax xesnur rau,i,,rr ycjaxLiapu
    6aur eepap. EyHrapaaH 6upu 1285-vu saAa Arav Eaulruan tDpt4pnxix
    6a[qbL'IHF6I anrbtH.{a 6aur BepM[ru aa ruahapau.tap tepeQtuaas ruy-
    .IaQfia onyxaH xaHAn[ ycjaHH Aauaxnjauuu lrl MaJrbrH.u,a KeH[ur epa-
    :sE ahara erMr.uuau. hautH yciauu ianH6r3 fiMneparop Be KHja3na-
    pHH 6rpnauMnu ryBBirJrep[ jarHpa 6[nrnnap.
    MehcyJAap ryBBanapHH jyxca,rr.rrua Ba 6yHyHna
    __-,-_-.T111"1--___----
    llnlllrHrreD cllcra[t eJlaraAap onapar uauajjarHH HqruMaH rypyny-
    --J;;;;;";;;'- uyHAa 6au eepaH rsjnurxrnKnap oJTKaHHH cl't-
    rixirr ruapreopr. jacu uHxnuaQuHa 6ejyK ra'ctp xecrap4u. JIa-
    - KxH Opauca ra Hxx aarapaaaxuuaeu Qaprnfi
    .onapar, AuruaHrjaaa uqrl,tMau-lrrrrcaAx upanx,najuu, coH Harnqaae,
    ilepKe3.u,aH ajpuluara qaJlEIrrlaH ryBBanapuH xejpxua o.n1y. hauuu
    - ryBBonap 6yu.Iau e.nxanuu AarblHbrrJrbrFHulr r,rehrau,rauAupuax yuyH

    rrglDara erAr.L'rap.
    I A,rr,,ranujaaa Xll-XIll ecpnapAa 6au BepM[ur t4rrwcar:t4 jyxcaauur
    ', .oaxeHnn 6yryu sr.najaraapuHl 63yHa 'ra.r6 e4a 6u.nauax flapic aa ja
    51. Jlonaon KHMH BahriA Hrrrca,aH uapras japaxruacH Hra Harr.rqaraHMa- ,.
    ,4u., On HpH aJIMaH urehapnepu, umrcaan ,.(axuu.qaH, 03 apanapErHAa
    ._.oJrayFyHAaH aaha qox xapHrrH MapKa3nap.ne 6an.ru HA[,,rap. PejHHH Ba
    '-Jlyuajuu jyxapu
    6ojaaplrnAa onaH uahap.nap Beuercxja une rlrsFr,rH
    -rHr{apar eanparinap; Pejun opra Ba aLrlaFH 60jyn1a jep.lauran Korx
    ','.:, B-a 6irura ruShepripllH inuapai aaara.rapu l{auiaria ia'o,raHaprjaja
    h* 'lotpy Mejn e,(Hpall. llIuua,r aexxsrsa cahun- 6ojyHraKu urahapaap
    ffi' tlnxx"rrapr, Cxanaruaanja onr{aJ'rapfi flpu6aaru-xa nJ,a ruqapar
    A[rep. Ey ruohap.rapnu 6xp6aua xap qrH Tr.iqaperna,cHx 6aFJrbr
    6ypxep.napx \.tqyH enKoHnH 6rp.raurAupx.rIuacn hajaru 3epypHnnK .qe-

    n uahap.rapn uohaparpaQbr jep.nap yuyu re6HH lzrrllcaAlr


    r{ep(o3nep Hlr{nap. o3y aa, uehap Hrr[ca,q]r MepKa3 xIrMIr He reAap
    6ejyx orypayca, oua 6Hrslurx arpaQ jepnep aa 6r{p o raaap KeHEtlr
    ronypay; hau .na 6y uaheporpa$bl jepnspo aHqar KaHA rhnnll MacKaHrop
    IejEn, ejHn 3aMaHAa, Hnc6araH xnvnx uraheplap aa Aax[Jr HAHJrap.
    .312

    .:;i!j{-iJ .. --J,6I&i- -,-i<-


    Eehc o,rynax np.r ruahepaap na uahaparpaeu jepaapun hyaya;raprr
    ,(axEn[HAe MYaJJAH tlTTHCaAH MapKa3nsuMa KeaHp, a3_qox AaEMn Te-
    cappyQar anaraJrapu japaHbrpAH. JIaxln aa.lajar uopKa3JraurMacrr
    u.ta 6xp 3aMaHAa orKaHuH MyxTanx+ pajou.napri apacunAa uehxar
    anaraxap japaHMbrpAbr. 6yxyr.na 1a, A,ruauujaaa rriapxaslaH ajpbra_
    MaFa qanbruraH ryBBanop, oJTKJHIIH tlrr caAA urrHuraQ xapaKTepl.tHulr
    e3YHAarr rYApeTJr a j a pauu a JrMbr tx o,,ryp,{yJl a p.
    A,nuannjatuH AopEHneuMaKAa oraH TacappyQaT nepaKaH,{anqjE
    uapaHruHAe 6arx BepaH au.rajar uapxasrauruiiri i,reha,raa xujasaui_ .i,
    Jap cucreMl .(eJr.rreH cHcreMHH rrHKr{ruaQbr yqyH HrrucaAH acaa only;. !
    r,aaha,'ur KHja3nHrnap e.ra jurvau apa3unap HAHrrap xH, ou,raplin. ,t
    haxuurapu haurn epa:uaapuu hyayaaapu alxn.nauai sui6aras rar,r .:.
    cuj.actl haKHMHjjera Mar'urK xau;rip. KepayjyMy3 KHMn, Aanaxujaaa
    uahaaan xujaaluraapun pyruejrrlaapr.r ha.na X[ acpuH cony
    -'XII
    acpHB eaBaJ'Il.IHAa--y_eJAql_l_a Ker'rMxt-u.(H JtaxHH oHrapbrH rarx oJrapar
    uehxau.nasuacr XII-XIII acpnapxH r.rrncaAr.r,jyxia,rr.rruau4an u6a-
    par acac y3apflH,la uyuxyn o.rr,4y.
    .IllahapaapnH r.rHKHuaQH HHja3nap
    yqyn e3 MycrarlrnfiKJ,rapuux MohKaMnaHAxpMaK Bacflrecu, Mannjje
    xanrpu uan6aja, cljacH HyQy3napbr yqyu .qajar n1u. Maha.,rau xujii--
    nap_63 apa3}rnspHH.[O uahapnepun uararuaQu yvyn haaaeaangrpue
    ra,a,oHPnap[ xopYP, JeHH rHIiIap_a,r-caHarKapnHr MapKa3aapH japalbrp-
    ,[Hnap.- CaqIHjjaBH hanlHp_xH, XIII acpaai 6aruaaJapar, 11eMaK oJrap,
    6yryx_jeun japaAHnaH uahapaap xxjaa ropnar.napulraa ruejaaHa x-a-
    nlrp. KHja3nap, ejnu eauau4a, nMflepflja urahaplaprHu Aa esneplrHa
    Ta6e erMaja 6attlnaMurltAt nap. IlJehapnu Qeoaa.n a'jaulapbrH aJrnH,u,e
    uehaa,'ln crjacer a,raruua qeBplJrMaclrHnH nHc rapoQH
    '(rapc
    ysy)
    oHyH MapKa3n haxxuujjar.ra anareJrapunHH san@.nauacxnnu KeTAHXqO
    aprMacH u,q,rl. OpaHca oa Huxuarepe.qaH Qaprax onapar opra acp
    AnuaHnjacuu,4a Kpa,r haxnMHjJaru u.la uahap.nep apacnHAa rrrru-
    +ar - opra acpnapra oJTKaHHH cnjacn napaxauAanrijlrru apaAaE
    raJrJllrpMar yqyH 3apypH oran 6y uepanr japaHMag,u. Os rapnxla-
    prrHHH Hnx rraFbrHAa anMaH urahapJrapu aa ceHjopnapa rap[br My-
    6apusaaa xpa.r haxuuujjaruuxH reuajuua apxaJraHMara 'lahn xec-
    rep,qHnap. ouaap xpa,rn (nuneparopy) e3 ra6rrH uyrraQHruapn ro
    haxajaruaapr mME xopyp, Qeo4ar a'janaapJra rorryuMa,(a oHa xeMeK
    'IypypAynap. Mece.nan, XI ecp CaxcoHxja ycjanu sananbr IV heu-
    pHxa rapuH A.nuaurjanuH 6yryu jyxapu Qeo4a.r lanpa.lepH 6up-
    JIeuapKaH Ke,rH sa BopncyH uahap.nn.napn xpa.na Qaaa KoMax xec-.
    rapAuJrap. lllahep,ru.nap coHpanap Aa IV heHpnxHH lrrymaQrru o.napar
    raJlabrnap. Jlaxrs o 3aMaH caiqa sox onMajaH a;ruan urahep.repn xpa-
    Ia ryrapnH 6rp Aajar oJMar yqyH he.ra heu xrrxcaar, hau cuiacn, han
    ra hap6[ 6axuuraH uox sarQ HAr.rJrap. EyHa xopa !,a aJrMaH r(pan-
    Jrapr,rHbrH 03 MapKa3nalxarrpMa cn jaceTnapnH.u,a lxshapnapa apra-
    naHMar YqYH xecrap,[ KnaPH 6y t.rxux reua66Yc .[a yFypcysJlyrna
    HsrHlroJroHAH. IV henpnxru Bapucnspt{He Ka,rat K.[a, OHJ
    aap.ra 6aurrauuHrrl onaH 6y urrntlar4au Ker,4uxrire y3ar
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    aair os"rapu ao Ma'AaHJIapIIH llcrttcvapblnAa, oH"rIapHH jeHlt aea4au-
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    ucrcehcaruu rarlrKHJtttHAa I{rxrt'tPaK e,rlipAltnap.
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    ,qynap. XV ocpuH uK[Hr,IH japncuula aMaK hauHHbIH aprhlphlJlMachl
    324

    't
    I
    i

    B3 HrX UaPaHTLIHI{H jaXbIHJlauablpLIJ'I MacHH-bl TaJ'Ia6 enaH Ma"[,oH Qah-


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    326
    BecrQa.nrja. oa Carconnja urahap,,rapun4a jyn nap.ra ucrehc2nunun
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    JraprrH 30paxbrnbrFbrHa_yFypna MyraBlrMer KocrapupAlrJrop. Syua xopa
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    826

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    3aMaHAa, I Kap,r a,4n a,ra, heu ao I{exfija Kpanu nalr.
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    ;lapuu rfeaa poJly onMaAaH AojuunKnuKnap eruex uymxyu o,ruaja-
    {arIbIP. EyHa Kopa Aa o, (peoAannapLrH rac6 erArrKJepH HqMa jep-
    328

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    I
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    Aprur, XV acpxx 6upuHwr japbrchrHAa, xycyc[-
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    TerrKr.rJr erraxJrapH xa.r jypyu,rapn (1420-14311 HQnaca yFpaaHrAaH
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    uurr"qa6n q_ex opAycy VexnjaHuu hyay.u,laplru,raH uslxu6 6aeapaja,
    Aacrpnja, Cnaesnja aa Ma.,rapuCraHa Iaxr.rJr o"'r.tyrAaH conpa Ai a-
    uujauuu MYxra,'lxQ hrcca,raptuaa KeHA,,rH"rrapHH uH nr.,ra6u qbrx Hulra-
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    rrexrapr.rH rapaQnua xevueja hasup oJraH aJrMaH xengnu.napauxu haja-
    riraHnapbr KHja3napr,lH harauujjara yqyH Ba HMrepnjaHErH osyHyH
    BapJlHFbrHAaH orpy ropxy repe,qupaH.
    XV acpuu 30-vy r.r,,rapuurn coHyHAa Ba 40-uu n.naapnn.qa Arua-
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    aoQHHtrH, ja'nx saruahgnH (xarauex xpa;r XI JlyaoeurHH) 6au'rHnH-
    f lI ANTHHAA KEHAAPMHUJAI,I. APT'IATTJAX,TAP AJIM AH TOPIIADIAPHITbI BAP.
    joxaan vuxapr,rp, TaJraHqbr.rrbrr eafl p. j aHFbrHnap, rarJ'rrap repeAupAu-
    ,rap. AnMaH KHja3,lapu Ba +eoaannapbr, enaqJ.(a A,ruanrja r.rMaepa-
    rop-v oHnapa r(eMaK e.{Hp, 6y jorra .u,a KaH.[JrH,'rapr.rH MYraBEMsrr.rHrr
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    329
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    puxuu Hujjaru lllaerruraAr uahapuuu aaa revupx6 <Eauuar>uu
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    xnrr,rujjaia sJ'rc KeqHpa[KAaH coHPa urruQar yan.rapr uahxaMa uru-
    ,'repHHAJ 6up csrpa ;ajrurax,rax,rap erltax, xHja: BepK ,1apfl Ba roj'rY-
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    Hr jjaruuaa r,u,r,rap.
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    riHanu uyhapH6acu apaQicngaaxu nHru-
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    Qebaa.,uapslnuu re3jIltuH.[,aH a3a6
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    rpaOna'pbl u,ra utruQar,u.a llouopjeur sa6r eaH6 floaulasu arHH3raH
    alpsi ci.nasr. 5yu,4an coupaa ,rlrrBa rajQacbl xMyAJIapbIH . spa3IlcI.IHIr
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    "ri
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    -6aur,laau.
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    ]"riiirarii' ri*n6'r." a-

    I K. l[apxc ae EEKencsE apxllBlt. X qula cah. 343 (pyc alnulAa) -

    330

    iL'.
    I
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    I

    par, qaHy6-fap6n Aruaurja pbrrcap,,rapH Be HMnepuja urahap,rapr-


    HnH 6Hpnnjrr hAII- El rrruSara ajpH-ajpH rprr xljae,rap aa iouryl-
    ,n ynap. harHrerAa ucu HrruQar 6yryHnyKnc 6y xHja:,rapuu a,rxH.{a
    EAH. OHnap MajHc apxrjenacKoflyHy o3nepuna pah6ep ra6yl eruuru-
    aH,rap.
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    Ba I buU-'.ry Hn,'rapAa, KHja3rap e3repHHxx <uunepxja Hc,raharu> uaju-
    hanapr.rHrr ra6y,r erarp,u.r,rap. Hunepaj a4a <6y ayHj a oMlrH-aMaHnbrFbr>
    6ajau eruar ja'Hfi rax* t uyhapu6a,rapu raraFaH erMaK, yMyMl,tMIre-
    puja ugapavu,raja ea xujaa,rap apachrH.qaKbr uy6ahtcanapu joayHa
    rojruar yvyH tlMnepltja MahxaMsc[ japarMar harrun.(a rapap ra6ya
    e1u.rr1r. JIaxun 03 apa3nnapnullu uycraru,r,rnjaua aarQ,raruaraeu
    ropxan xujas.nap r.runepuia ra'cucaraapuxuu pea,r hap6n aa uaanjja
    KYqYHO, e3 qpa Oprau,'raphrna ManHK oJIMacbrHr,r xcrauap4naap. Ee-
    Jror'IIlKJIa, <w unepuja uc;raharur xHpAa MyJl KnyJlyK Ba cl-tjact-r tlapaKeH-
    ,4aanjnH aara o,'ryHMacH AejHr, oKcHHa, vehxaMagH,l,]rpxrMacr.r AeMex
    A1,H. Jla:x H, xnjas xypyh,,rapu apacbrHAaKhr anrxrxMarap ysyHaau 6y
    <<rlc,rahar>u Aa hejara KeqflpMsK MyMKyH o,'rMaAbr. IlIsa6uja Hi-
    ruQaru ea HMneparop I Maxcnuurnas ha6c6ypryH (1493-1519)
    IdcaeupaHn jeuuaeu ra6e eurrax vah4a nyqa qbrxAbr. Ouaapuu 1499-
    cry Hraa roperaHKnepH rr.ryhapn6a rrrar,rry6nj jar"'re coHa jeraH Ba He-
    BeqpeHr.rH HM[ep[ja uaa 6yryn anaranepgH[H, Qarrnxn onapar, Ke-
    CI{JIMECl,I HJIS HETEI(3JIEHAtr.

    l
    l

    I
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    I,I TAJI I,,IJA XI_XV ECPJIAPAO

    @pauca aa I'Iuxr,rrepa,{au Qapr.nn o,rapar xnKuulaQ eruHur Qeo-


    i6Bpy Itl.tamtjap.a 6,lKaHlIH 6[pra[rAlrpH"qMecr lt"ra coua jet-
    ,4al'lu3r!r
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    rarAu. Lllrua,rr Vramtja na Tocxana, flana rt,rajarn ra Hauy6n
    Vra.l,tja \ qyH qox Qapr,rap caurjjaan u:x.

    s r. IITAJIIIJA XI-XIl aCPJIOP,Ia.


    IlInua,rn l4ra:luia sa TocxaHaHbIH 6aru;rH',Ia
    lllrir_a-rf, B. Opra
    xvcycuiiara, opra ecpnap AaponacuHslr 6aurra
    ,TnTJfj,l* u"i*lr"frr"'nric6arai, 6vpna'ushsp;rapun laha
    epxau aa Aaha aprur cYp'arJle uHKflrxaQbI HII-I.
    XI-XIl acDrapaa 6y paiosyn ruahap,rapuu4e cauet auxuuaQ eruuur-
    ar: Clrjena. flisa. O.iofeniuja. fljaueuca ea MH"'laH:a vahyr' Kpe-
    lloHaaa KaTaH, Jlyrxara rc. HnaK napqa.'lap Hcrer]ca.1 oJyHyp,ly;
    Besercnia. KeHvia so lla:a.la neuu rypaurblpbIJblP,llu; Beuercnja-
    H"H rry.a v"'vyiatu utahapnu hyaya.lapuuau uox 1:ar"rapla ureh-
    n"r raiaHnsIu.u.u: Tocxasa na Jlou6ap:rtrjala .rteMI.rp rrblxapbl;lblpabl;
    ivlrrr" ru*rarrd Hee clt.rah,rap Bc vera'l jyu :apar'rapu ha:ltp'rau-
    MacH Hna naurhyp uau. IIIahap ucrehxav.rapu japatvar 3' P)pirl'
    coHarI.IH, xYcycllJlo THKIIHTI'I Iitx,lapxHnH,- l.{Hl{fitxaQblHa Ko\lJK
    eIIlp,:tu-
    Aeoonaur,tH hao iepuuAa o,'I.nyFy KxMH, Vraania ruahapJapllHrH cJH'rT-
    nr,in, o, oa c"*,ra'pa" (ceHdrKa p 6up'nur"rlpuuAa) 6l,tpJIolxM u ul'] r'Iap'
    ili-*x a;.;;;pia lllruars h, aniia urahap'rapu nau axcapu j j arrtt-
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    ,unr"or' iaDaHHp.'Meca.nau,
    KpeaeHca>cbl MeJ-
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    aui,u *"rir; OnopeHiujaaa 6vo seqc ccHar cexlr
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    ,rai-'irrr"1r, B.r jaxlxbl,'l a ul brpuau
    r acac u s-
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    uiraa aePA :a6a jap.raapxa aqbrJ'Ibrpr'br'
    ;;;;;;il-6.r;iaa,, 6ur,,.aIrahep"rap,HraH 6aura tp"trn Kd'rHD'
    ;'";;'il;;r, ; Aapona Mar'Irap-bl ii,'"
    -r?'
    eJurup'r'rl' BeHeicrrja XII
    " udpr
    -c liah, ruahya, 'u,ra Jlo 6apariu 'it"pt' ruqaporAa 6aruruqa
    il;;'fii';t;ir- 'pi"'nau
    332

    \- .,9:.
    -'l
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    ha6e.na Qpaxca sa A,ruanrjaaaH raqHpJ'rap KaJ'rHparr.
    ''- - XI-XII acp.rrop,qa Hta.rrflja- in-ohelureprnrr- 6ejxafi'xalr HrrHCaaL
    anarerap[ KeHrrrrJreHAH ra nuxnlatp eraa: Kenyja I(ara,ronrj a.qa,
    flponanc,u,a N{ehxer.rraHAu sa 6y ruehepuu Illuua,tn ASprraaaaaoe
    uacxau.napu napAu; flHsaxnn t{auy6a <Dpauca uahap;rapruga, Kopcn-
    xa se Cap.u,flHxja.a.a 6yroB ueha,r"ranepn aaplu; Beuercaja A,aprarnx
    J.aHlr3xurlH,Il.anuarcxja cahr,runaa 6e'sn urahap,rapu Ba ropnar"rrapbl
    o3yH,raH acbrnbr ha,ra ca;ruururu Llg11[Igelr_gra aHu3JIa-
    -eIaH .l ha6e"ra
    pui 6Nsauc.nu.nap ea ape6,rapux araiti!ffiZ asaa-ci,rriIacu,
    rm-jvpVm:oF-u iuqaparHH REKHmaQHHa KovaK erll'I. Xdu jypyur.rapn
    HarrqactrH.qa BeHercrrja, Keuyja, flusa, Auxoua Jaxun lllapr.la (.rle-
    aaur,la) Aauuu rllqapar ar'rararapu japarablrap. Eypaa oH,,rap uoxay
    rHlrapar MoHTaraJIepH cMeJ'Ia KarHpauJlap. Kocrapu,rarl Hra.nuja ua-
    hap,raprnuu ralIIrpJIapII Jaxun lllapraan HcrIIor Ba 6aura aaoljjar
    ure-j"rsp u, nau6ur, jyH na rvrahya 6ojavar yvyn uyxraruQ 6ojar ua'-
    uy.rarH xarnpup, opaja uca raxbIJI, Ma,'I-rapa, ueta,r ua'rly.latu ana'
    Pbrpa},lnap. JllegaHrna BacliraqH ruuapar Hra.rlrja uraiap.aapuua ar-
    r'racHFMas aapaqaaa ra3aHq KarHp[pair. IIIH ua,'rrl aa Opra l4Tan ja'
    , aa urahap,rap, aprur XII ocpHH eBBaJ'Ir'lap[HAe, acac Hmflca'r'H rYBBa-
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    !a
    lllllnaJrx iOOIaO sapnu.'Vratnia1a 6yH.nap, 6up raj1a
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    y-111lTT:-.. ;rn;ija 1lpyuy I.Ira eraraaaP onapar oH"IaPHH'
    *'J:E:3H.'#'" ia'i*i iti'iricxon MoBrejH aprbtr
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    -
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    - hyryraap aepl'rapar' llla-
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    ;;I;';;'i;i;;;i;.'s."r. r.irjj.' ru"ahap'iapuH'laha aa It uxu ruaQ er'
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    '
    il;ffi rHqapar
    ah ap'ra-

    nIIH XI-XII acolaoaa xei,rtl ltohxau'laHvHlx


    -(;i;"p"I">, -
    5t;;*+' n;;'o;;'#; p' i a'H H. <x ar r> co3Y HAe-HAII p ) 03
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    ha KH MHJJ drHHI'IH rllax-
    iuir*t, xnrr,'Hrarlria uahapnapuHllH .ue Kp-a-'l HraJuja M\crJrll"l lipa'l-
    l riai-"vtr.+r. tt loi ulu.Ilvnxs llllr'aa'rn
    .*'l r.lrirrr A.ruinuia urniprtopy haxavuj jarltnnu tlc'r 6yp'r'a an-
    xblpaa a p'l a
    -;;; ;r'; BapAbI. "rlaxl;H urahep'rurap re3-re3
    -{peo'ra'r'l
    uox--naxr' rllqapar'-
    ,ur"u-&opru'[ru Nrra$ara xupr.rpau'nap oHaap' haxrr'lu jjarllHHH 3aIlQ'
    Jra aa MauFyJI oJlypayJlaP uo ,p'u ["oaui'upun
    ap;' neurcxap hap6'IHIgq.--qlaH^ Ba'lBaccop'
    ,ii'".nra"'Mapai;br u.qfl.fl
    yeatpai[jj ar"IJ MY6aptl3a
    rap rrtehap,r napnH ceH]oprlaPa rapriru ll
    333
    arrapMacHHa xoMeK e,{[pAHJrap. MacoroH, oHrap 1035_qH HnAa
    MIr_
    JIaH uahapnunalr{Hfi H ycj aHErH.[a HuTr.rpaK eTMr.rulunap. 1042-,aw unle
    uca IvIIiJaH u3hapr ,'rapI-I oHnapJ'ra urruSarAa, uriAA;rnH ruy6apr.rsa_
    AaH conpa-, es ceujop.napr,ruu
    Qeoga.rr
    - apxujenucKo[y
    a'jannapna (Kannraunap,raj 6;pnHKAe
    oHy ,yaa6ue'e,1""
    'ruahapaJn'
    rcBa 6[n_
    -
    AIr,'Iap. 1044-qy I.rrAa apxuje[HcKon rarr laa ray61rj jars'yrpagbr ae MH_
    JIAH MYCTATHJ'ITIIK IA3AHAH.
    ITlahepun ceHjoprapa rapuhr My6apn3acr Kah 6y, r<ah
    aa ar.rKep
    rapaQrlH ycryHnyjy flna Keqrrpan. JIaiur, coH sarrqaaa, cenlop"rai
    Toapriqre uehaplu"lapa Kysaure xeruaja uau6yp o.,rypay,rap. tile'hap'-
    JrIl,'rap, eBBanqa, e3 HyMa jaH.4aropuur.ru jenacxon uypacuia aa ji-
    nucron rr,rahxauacHHa aaxHJ'r eariJrMacHHa HaIlJI onyp, coHpa uca, uox
    naxr, ceujop.nap3,aH uahaprn cujacn uycrarun,rnjauu rac4ur egan
    t[apuaH a,rupAulap. XI acpaH aBBarrHHAaH XII ecpun sBBaJrHHa re-
    Aap MaHryja, Oeppapa, fl sa, KpeN,IoHa, Eo;rouja ea 6up.rox 6arura
    uahep,rap 6e.na rpaprrran,rap aJrAbInap. Ee,laua, JIou6ap4u ja ea Toc-
    xaua uehep,repu, raApr.rr{ra, ja rHcMaH, ja 1a rauaurna a3aA KoMMy-
    Hanapa qeBpr.tr,rnp, coHpa uca aeny6 MycrarrJr urahap Aee,rrar,nep
    onypayr'rap.
    Iap6[ ABpona or'rKaropuHnH qoxyr{Aa, AeMax
    o"-,JilX#rlL. onap,.6yryH opra acpnep 6ojy cujacn Ba rrH3rr-
    ,.i'.i'ioiirviiiTl"E,H 6arl.l hajaruH uepxasr Seo,[,ar racpu I.raI'I. ha-
    '1apa"uicu.' MI-IH enxanapaeH Qapr.rlu olapar, l4ratzja1a
    KOMMyHa,laphrH MejAaHa XOJIMACH U,ra 6e.ne Uap-
    Kes uahapnap o,'rypay. oeo,[aarapaaH onMajaH KoMMyHanap caAa
    uehspnHnapuH caHarKapnap Be xblp.u,a raq{ prapHH ceHjopnapa
    - MY6apr.r3ecH
    rapubr rxtlA4oTJlH HarllllecIrH.Ila Mej.a.aHa Kanca Ia, oHJIa'
    pun raaa6acxHuH 6ehpacxHAeH 6ytyu urahapra-pAa urahap BapnbIJIa-
    iu na xupaa Qeoaa.naap HcrnQaae era[Jlap. Korlnayua rypyraH KH-
    jar
    uu ruehapaa haxur"rtj ceHjoPJIapaaH KoHcynnap KonneK[jacbl.HblH
    enHHAe K;q[pAn. KoHiy"r.nap KoJ'IneKHjacbl Ir.rahapnu receppYQ-a-r, hap-
    6u ga MahxeMa uur,'Iap He Ha3apor eaaH HqPa opraHbl ual{. I(oucy.lI-
    nap a'jaHnap (xantrir,rap), xblplla Oeo.4aJInap (ea"lsaccop.nap) aa
    Ta,,rHprap nqapI-,IcnHAaH ceqlt"'Ilrpal'lJlap- caHarKapJraPHH Ba xblpna Ta-
    .{upn;pH; Hyr,,rajauaa.napu KorneKHj,ja 6ypaxbulMblp,u,Hnap' KoMMy-
    HarapAa raHyHBepHqII.rJlt.rK harulrluj jarnuu (MYBaKK[JInep- uypacH-
    rpea;Hca> hejara- xevlpnpaH. haMHH u-rypaja ysr.,rap uahapuu 6yryu
    pa j oH Jra pHHAaH ceqH JII.IpAH.
    Mejaaia KarAHxaaH coHpa urahaplepaa rHqapar Ba
    "fKorryrrrap a,n.qa olyuan juruu, aprur, Qeoaa'rr'ln
    cinarxap,ruraai x€3lrHoc[Ho
    orynypay; Hra-
    i"r*ro.'r"h.p r rrrcaarjiaruHuH HHMIx-aQHIra eap$
    ir.ria rirahao.nabuHuH XII-XIll acpnapao xejnll HHKI'tuaq erMacltHHH
    ;;&*;;-;i; b-nf, ov ,'4r,. Kou'r'rvriaaAareH'
    oe haxur''ujjarunu- rLrahap atr-
    ruahepfl ahara elaH Ba
    ;;p;;p; Hra Moh,[yanauAblpMblpabl;
    jepnapu KaHAflaPJIa Ba QeoAar rocprlePil
    oxburiao, aAJIaHaH KaHA
    uaa 6upnHKAo KoMMyHaaaH ,.,,1o *ypay XIt--ocpra oharo
    ra ^uahepn
    cujacu ra'clpn
    eaoH r(aHA jep.lapl ysapnn.aa ruahapuii ^6'! urrucaall auahap xeuuv-
    ;;;;"i;; dy'p.' to,f o.pn"pa.
    "*i, hiay,i' ip"nl' i91 .y.11L:j
    KeHII una'Altpan,ep' on'r ap
    ;;', p";'", ;i, *rapnHnu
    334

    \L- ..,'*
    I
    I

    6arura aa oHnapHH arpaQ jep.repu H,rs 6Ep,rEKAa ena


    u.rehap.rapr.r
    KequpaHnap. Ey uyp aaha KeHHrx opagH (aucrperro> aaJraHbrp Ba
    I

    rrox Baxr 6yres 6up AoBJrarr.r raMcnn eAnpau. 1


    I
    lllnuans aa Opra ldra,lrtjala voxay urahap-Aesaeraap <D.ro-
    - Ilasa
    peHcuja, Cujena, Muran, Pasenna, flaayja, BeuercHja, Kenyja,
    aq{< 6Y ,lYP jaPau4u.
    / lllahap.rrapnn haxuurj jarlrnuH xaH.4 jep,rapuua uaMHfl eaurMactr
    freo4a.r.napnn cujacn ry,u.parauu xej.ru capcurlu. XI acplau 6au,ra"
    rjapar 6a'au
    $eoAannap 03 racpJrapHHr repK e.a,x6 ruahap,rapa xeuyp:
    ;rap. "rlaxnu Qeoaa,rrapbrH voxy ruehapa MyraBHMar KecropM€r{ri5 ra-
    BaM ear.rp,rr,Hnap. Onaap cexarxapnap Ba raqnpnapuH racappyQar Qaa-
    anjjernua MaHe onyp, ruuapar jo,r.napuHhr, aaF Keqr.{AJ'rapHHH Ha3apar
    aJrrrrH.qa caxnajblp, KoMMyHaJrapr,rH rapaPrapblHbr noaypaylap. XII
    acpaa noror'raHJrap rpaHAnapa (Qeolar"rapa) rapruH cuaah,ru uy6a-
    pusajs 6aurnajup, oH,,rapBlrr racpJrepaHr.r jau4stpu6 AaFbrablp, o3rapuu
    Hca 3opna rueTrepa xevypypaap. lllahepa xevau Qeo4a.n,rap lypla aa
    ylra 4r.rsaprapu aa 6ypwlapu oJraH rocpnep ru(Hpaunap. Jlaxuu 6y
    hep6u ucraxa.r.xah,rap, uox Baxr KoMMyHa yuyn tah.nyxa.nu orca,4a,
    HHArr oHyrr, ja'un xor'l:uynanHH KyH.4oJInK Ha3apor[ aJITHHAa r,[uJrap
    na 6yHa xepa aa o raaap ropxy,ry AejHr,lHnap.
    ..- lap6z Asponannn 6arura enxanapnnnu uaheplapuHAan Qaprn
    o.napar Hra.nu ja uahep KoMMyHaJIapE QeoAa;l,rapun cHjacl.r Ba
    HrrHcaaH ry,qparEHH 6y.,rYp - rblpa 6nnal.rrop. Eynyu uaruuacuxla ou-
    rap, haMrrflHr.rH KaHA coHorKaPJ'ltJFbIHbIH Aa pera6arruu apaAaH ran-
    ahrpMaFa Ba acbIJItJ haaa ca.raurnapbl opa3[HuH racappyQaruuu ua-
    hapo xHAr'lar er4npltaja uyaaQQer oa/lynap. lllehep,rapnu cenjopaap
    y3apHHIa rare6acu Illuualu ae Opra Hratuja rrrnca!.njj arunuu
    jyxcar raparrucuHe Bo oJIKoHI.IH 6y nu,rajar.naprHAo uahepnapHH ltl"
    TUCaAU Ba CUjaCU aheur.rj jarltnuH gaha Aa aprMachlHa KoMoK erall.
    Kolruynaaapuu raparrllcu Qeo4aa rrlyuaca 6ar,'IapHHI.IH raaha eanr-
    MecH AeMoK AejflrAu Ba 6y o.na 4a 6uluagAu. Jlaxlu ueouy,q Qeoga;t
    ujepapxujacn Cncteuusaa uyhyu aajxruux:rur eAHraIr. Kour'lyuaaap,
    casxu, Qeoaanlapun jepxuu ryrAynap; oH.tapLIH haxlllr.rjjorr.r a.n-
    TETHAa oJraH jep,'Iapaa cujacu haxuur.rjjar KoMMyHaHbIH eJ'IIiHa KeTIAI'I.
    Jlaxlru 6y sauau ruahap hau receppyQar, heu aa c jacH 6axblM.u,aH
    rpeoaar opraxusMH onapar ranHpabr. lllahap,rapuH Qeoaa.n ra6uarR'
    inn rasafiypaepun4ax 6uplr oHJIapblH Hr'rnca,qx sa crjacu llaharaeR
    ajpbrnMara- Mej,r KocraPMoJlopfl uar.r. By uyp ajput.rluara oHrlap MYc-
    rarr.rJr aeBJraTrope qeBpHnMoKra HaH,tI o,'IMytxaynap.
    lllurtaaau aa Opra klrannja uahep cnjacfi
    - pecny6nHKa,rapbtHbtH
    ajpDuHr clljacerl.I, hau 6yree,ryxg,a kTranzjana, hau aa osyH urrn-
    ca,qu'reheraan Aaha [HKH[raQ erMHIu IIIuMaJI hnccacusaa opra ocp.
    Jrep[H coHyHa raAap Bahlra.qoBrer japaHMacnnuu ce6a6.lepnHAaH 6Ir'
    px s4u. IllHualu OpaHca ea Huxu.nrepa ruahep,raptuaaH $apr,ru o,'Ia-
    par Idlatuja xnun Aauauuja urehaplapx A3, oJIKoHl'lH cujacN 6axuu.
    ,u,au 6np;raurluplrnMecrr MapKaBJIepIrHo'ieBpHnMaAHJtop; arcllHa, qox
    naxr, 6yRa aHxan ropa.u,I{pAI-r.nap. By oxyx,ra rsah oayHyp I(H, aprHr
    XII ecpae, 6y ureheprep laxu.nn 6asap.4an aaha qox xapuux 6asap,ra
    6arau u4uaap. Ey haaa 6up jaua aypcyu, ruahap"rap xapnlru 6asap-
    l
    I

    l
    JIapAa r.rcrep lxopr 6asap.napuu4a (,IIeeaHr, Mucap, Eusauc), nc_
    Tapce..qa- rap6 6aeap.na punla (<Dpaxca, A.lr,aa xrr j a, H"irrr"pa,,irrin_
    aprj a) .rnvaparae para6ar an-apoipasrura p, Coupi,ra p, 6y para6ar 6aHK
    aua;rajjar"lapr,rua,qa Keq,x,H. Beuerctrja u.nc KeHyja, Kenyia }r.na flusa
    ruvapar parx6lapx lrllrnap; <Daopencr.rja Cr.rjeHa, Illsa' ge Jlvxxa
    I.rrc para6ar anapbrp]H. Ey para6ar Hra.ltjatuw esyxlo urshsp-J46g_
    ,'IaT"'Iap apacblHAa _apaMcr,r3 rorry[rMa"rapa qeBpH"rupAH. Ey rorry,ut-
    -
    MaJ'rapbrH ca6a6u, hanqnsun 6rp csrpa ruahap,rapux oa e pa3r.tJ,repuHrr
    6aura.rapuuuu saur!,raparr.rx heca6uni xeuaruiauaxoueia
    q_ar'rbruMar'rapbr u4u. - Taha
    E.ra heuus ca6e6a Kspa y3yu rrlylaar Mr.rian.ia
    KpeuoHa, _ Eononja rl-a MoAesa apacuH,qa ec 6. uyhapu6anop xer-
    Mlr rxAlr p. Ilran:l.ja ruahap,repr aHqar oHnap yvyH hap hancu yuyl.ru
    xapuuu rah;ryxa japanlslrla, xyc)cfi.re AanaaHrja HMfleparopyHyH
    hyvylry sauauu, MyBarraru olapar, 6ap,rauran,rap.
    Illnua.nr na Opra Vramtjap,a urahcp.napuH sa
    o"',"'ffili,1ir. aMrao-nyr MyHaiH6arnepHHrH cyp'errN HHKnua-
    ,.ilJpir' r,i'iriirl["Hhr, Q bI Haryp ar racappytparun ocacJl ap blsbl capchl-
    xinla re'crpn. AbIp Be arpap rypynylnAa uyhyu gejuutUx,l lx-
    lapa xarupH6 rrbrxapbrpAr,r. IIIahap.napuu xer,q
    Tacappy+arbr r'aehcy.rr,l apuxa o,raH ra,rs6arn, acacau, xup4a xan.qau
    ucrehca,rusun heca6uua elaunnrpau. Illahap.napAa xong racappy(ba-
    TbI Mahcy,'rnapbrHa ra.na6aruu aprMacbr 6euapxaeH TopnarJrapbtn apr-
    uacusa ca6a6 oJr,[y. OKHH caha,ropu xau jep.rapHr rJMr.r3JreHMacH,
    6atar"rur,rapuu rypyaynMacbr aa r. a. jo,r,rap,ra KeH H u,r.HAtplrJ'rrp-
    ,qr.r. XI ecpfiH coH.[apHHa jaxbru, xycycr,,ra XII acpaa, flpr Qeora,'r,rap
    aFa racappyQarr,rHor 6upaaH-6rlpa MahayAJrauablpMaFa Bo os xycycfl
    Myrxrrapnnr.r (aouexu) KaHAnnnapa, xbrpAa pbrrcapnapa Hr'rapeja Bep-
    uaja, ha6e.ra ,rrz6e,r.rjapr cax,,raMa ua ja er,.lQuressuc Hq{apa uaprn
    HJte uehapJll.urepa naj,rauara 6au,raAr,I.rap. I(eH4Aa ropnaruu uy-
    hyu hrrccacu urahsprepxH jyxapu ra6ereraprl Hr.rH oJ'rr.rHa Keqlp; oH-
    uap 6y ropnar,rapbr carbrH arbrp, ja aa nqapajo xerypayxncpn jep,rapu
    03 QaKrHltH uy,rxujjar.lapuua qeBrpnparrrrap. Aprur XI ecp;Io peH-
    TaHbrH nyJrJra aBo3 on,yuMacbr (rouuyracujacu) 6auuaHup. fly,r pex-
    racbr XI-XII ocpJrapaa rrox KeHI.Irx jaju,rup. 6tjap asa.nup. tloa-
    rapJra 6t1jap Hur,'rapr.rHuH xej,lfi hHccacH apa6avu,rur (hau aa vapaa-
    ,qapr'rbrr repu.) nyxa:raeQ jjerl.r Irra aBa3 oJ'IyHyp. feja onyHma-
    -
    nbrAbrp xlr, IlIauarr sa Opra l4ratwjal,a rahKHMnH KaH,qJ'II.t HHc6e-
    reH as rrarr sa r.ruraja6 o.laMa PeHracbl (6Hjap) hev 3aMaH YCTYHJIYK
    rauKfl,'r eTMaMH[ralr; Harypa,r peHra, harra [y,'I peHracbl, aprHr
    VIII-IX ocpJlopAaH 6arrajapar, o lIYMraraH rahxtu"rr KaH.qnIUIap
    uqapHcuH,lo 4a, xuQajar raaep KeHHlx jaju.nuuurau. eMTaa-nyr MY-
    Hac[6arxapHHuH IrHifiutaQbr IIIHMa"{u I'Ira,rtlj a ur,Iu 6a'su st.t.lajar,ra-
    pflHAA MAhCyJr peHTaCbIHbIH XYCycE qCKI.ICI.IHI.I_ aprblpAbl. oeo4a.rr,rap
    I{aHAJrunopaaH TonJlaabrrJlapbl uahcy,r"lapsl 6a3apa, KeHAapIiPAHJIap.
    XI-XII 6cprapaa xaH,qruaiprn ceujopnapa rapuru Qaal lty6aplaacu
    EarHqacrru,{,-e, Hra:rHjanttu 6y huccacru4a, KaHAJIH MYKaJIJIaQnj jeua-
    pflnuu uyhyla huccecn rac6lrr oJ'lyHAy; 3BB3Jl!'l-gp Aa MYhYM ra63ra
    o,rau ruaxcau a3a4 KaH.l,J'llrnap[H cajbl aprabl. Illuualn Hra.nnjauutt,
    xycycnre Opra I4ralujanuH 6a'sH KePI.{.qa raJIMbIlx pajoHJIapbIHAa
    336

    L*- 'iits
    --'l
    I

    aBBaJr([ UCTECMaP oopManapbr, harra, rehxuu'rr.rJrtrK ranMarAa HAr.t.


    Arn sa AneHHIIHUH 6a's[ lar,lur jep,rapHnAa 6era Ba3Hjjar HAu.
    Kera lllahaplapnu cnjacn Ba HrrncaArl rJ'orplHr.tu
    *ornyr-iiapr. cYp'aT,'Ia apTAbIrbI-luopaur4a__Qeoaa,r.napuu ha-
    Kr.rMnjjaruHHH saaQlauecH XI-XII acplapaa
    KaH,{ HlrManaprrHbrH qaHraHMacHHa ca6s6 onAy. H'qMa }{rantjaLa
    heaa .nanro6aprlr,rapbrH saMaHHHAaH raJ,rMbrrxAEI. havnn u,rua,rap aa-
    Barlra a3aa HAH.[ep, coHpa Nca rehxuurlt ha,tuna ca.nugubtrxahrnap.
    XI-XI I acprap.qa IIIHMaTR Vramtja rqrManapbrHtrH ncrxQa4acnuna
    03 oTxar.lapbr, MeuaJIapH, 6nvauaraapr, xaM TopnarJlapbr, TSK.TeK
    ha;rlapAa trca aI(HH jep.napn aa BapAbI. HqIMaJIap 6) jep,lapAoH gcru-
    tba,c,a uYra6u.,IuuAa Qeo,{a,'Ia, 6np ropnar uyaxnj jaruxcn KHMrr, qrHtu
    BePcenap Aa, oHJIap Qeo.u,a.n"rapra heca6.nauruaAaH haunu jepnapr
    aajrrua, 6aFblrrraja, harra uuapaja nepa 6nlap,a,xrap. XI-XII acp-
    JAp,(a HqMa rsrxnHr'raTJ'rapbr re3-re3 03 ceHjopnapbr n,ra uy6ahucaae-
    pa finpHp,a,rrrep. ox;rapuu 6up uoxy, XII acpnn coH"'rapbrna jaxHH,
    r.rHa.lxbl MY6apH3a HarHrIacHHAo e3YHYIrAapa hyryry e,r.a,s ervajs xan,r
    orypJ'rap. 6,v aespaa uahepnep YMyMH aYuMaHs Qeoaa"urapa rap-
    Ixu rry6aprrsaaa re3-Te3 KaH.q HqManapblHa xeMaK- eaxpaHJrep. oHna-
    ptrx rouajn I.IJIa +eoAa,'Inap xeHA It\,IMa,'Iapbl YsapHHAa rrrahxaue ha-
    raruajjarun4au sa 6a'su BepK[nap a.nr'lar hyriryHlaH MahpyM eAI{n-
    ,qr-rnap. ,rlaxt{H Qeo,u,a,n,rapuu haxultnjjaru aJIrt'IHAaH a3a,[JIbIFa
    qHxaH
    KOHA t.tqManapbl TaM MYcTaflIr,'IHK SIAa e.I3 6HnMaAHnaP Be ja 6y
    a3aAnhrraaH uox a:6up MY,lIAar Iicrl'IQa.r,a e,{,o 6HJIAI.IJIAp. haUug
    KOHA [qManapblHu, 6up rajaa oJapar, qox
    -re3,'IHK'Ia roHlxy Irahapaap
    o3 He3apaTnapfl aJ'IrbIHa canblp,u,u"rap. lllahap.'Iap, caHKH, I{aH,( Hq'
    ManapHiaaH orpY oHJIapbIH xeqMHln Qeoaan ceHjopyHy aB33 eAI{pAH.
    Ey eilraH ruahapnirp KaHrl H'rManapHHHH MYajjaH ra.lep Myxrapnjja-
    rHHn ra6y,r eafl paH,lep. Kru4 a.,Iua,rapuHhlH QeoAa"'Inapbln haxuuuj-
    jern
    -ouaapu a,rruu4aH qblxH6 lxahaprapnn harnlrajjaru a"lTbIHa. aYlIIMocH,
    rrcrucuap.r,aH \llnac ervaca 43, 6yrea,ryx.a,a, MYajjaH raAap
    Myc6br por ojna.qu. Kaug jep,rapnHuH urahap-aoBJIorIrH rapKIi_6HHa
    Iaxtln eAr'r,'rM3cll aMraa-rlyJl nlnacu6or,repnHss .qaha Ia uHrnuatpuua
    ne rahxrrltvn,,rnjuH apaAaH rar'IAbrpr,rJrMacHHa KeMsK erAI'I.
    xIII-XIV ocp"lap,Ia KaH;l llqMa"lapbl e3YHYI{Aap3 HqManapblHa-
    naH,r, KouM)'HaJIapbtHa qeBpx,'r u p,rap. [Ilehap Kov MyH axapbl IttlMI.l oH-
    .rap aa sagntpa,'Iri uraxc.rap (xoicy,r.rap) ceqflp, e3 r'aa,rujja. uahxaua
    anaparJ'rapblHH japaaup na herra, raHyHBepllilu rapapJlap - KaHAIH
    hajaruru
    ' raH3HM eaaH raHyHJap aa BepI'lp.[IIJap.
    Oora HraruiaquH xei.nu huccacnsx ahara eaaH
    nhna Blrnaj;rn 6auri uyp HHKHuaO eran. Ey
    fi:,t",fffiJfjXff:i. BII.[ajarllH hoxu4apu, ejHH 3aMaHAa, KaroJtlrK
    KlrrcecflHlrH 6aurqucu oJIryFyHa xepa, Poua t-tce oHyH TelIIKHaarbl Be
    rrAeoJox[ MapKa3Ir o,qJ,yFyHAaH flana.nurun Aspona cujaccrlt hairiru
    .4oB"rarrrH rapl{xuHa uyhyu ro'cup Kecrapl{p,illl. Ey cnjacarltu acacux'
    4a Asponauun ayHjoBH hoKMAap,'Ia pbtHa 6aurqsLqHr err'to}( qchr'I,fi
    IypypAy. XI-XII acp;rap.la, nanaJlblFHH rnrneprrja tl.ra irty6apttac,lc
    rrayaaQQarujjar ra3aHMacri Harrrr{ocrrHAa, ou-vu Aapona,la nyQysy ttc-
    3apa qapnaqar AapaqaAa KyqnaHAr.rxr,a, nana,'Iap os haxuunjjer,raptt
    22 cA6. 773 W
    i
    aJrrr,rHAa oJraH apa3HHra TocKaHaHbrH 6up huccacr, Cno.nero sa EeHe_
    sexro heca6nHa _KeHHrunaHAHpa 6n,rluirap; XII acpun coHnapbrHAa,
    oHrap aH jejyx Hra,uja uahap.napuunau -6lprnr.r_ilepyuvaHbi ra6e
    erA[nap. uarra BHJraJaru Hr-rr{caAx 6axhrMAaH [Iaua.nx Aranula se
    'locKaHaaaH Keprt
    rarbrp.a,hr. Eypa4a urahep,rap !,raHr( HHKHuTaQ earp,
    xaHga Hce rahxuuqn.nux MyHacr.r6orJrap[ ia,nuplsr. flana,rurirs pil_
    Maja Be flara auaajaruuuu 6aurra ruahap,repaia osyuyalapa hyryiy
    BepanMaMacr.rHe joHe,rMuxl czjacaru xepunuje, xen4le' xehsa Hcruc-
    Map ycynJrapbrHr,rH ca-xJraHhrJl M acrilla a3 Tecflp KocrapMHpAH. pot.tanuu
    osy Hca ocJ'r Qeoaa.n jysacu H1u. Eypa.qa nana urar,r'arxihblHAaH 6aur_
    ra txr jysa raAep Qeo,aaJr racpr.r BapAbr.
    poua rrmuca.[H 6axuuaaH MH.raH sa ja o.lopencuja xfiMrr HHKH-
    uraQ erMurx Mop(o3JrapreH Kep[ raJ'rhrpahr. Pona ShalrLrl flana capa-
    jErHa Ba KynJrH MHrAapAa sHjaparsunapa xnAMer.u,oH r'.ryhyu xa,iup,'
    KOTYPYPAY.
    fI al,a,rnruu rrlohaprap,ra a,r araAgp cH j acarriHxH Hprlrlr aq br x apa K- l
    repu XII ecpaH 40-ur,r HJrrepHHAe, Poua4a xouuyHa rypMar yrpyH-
    ga uy6apusa u[AAorreHAHKAo, rraprar cyparae ra3ahyp erArr. ll43-
    qy
    _uraa uehaprfirap Ba
    qeHr,(aBap,'rap KarI ronunu ana xevupu6 pec-
    ny6.nura e'!'raH erAr.rJrap _Be ceuar cerrAr.rrap; pecny6a xaHhrH pah6ep-
    naplr e3!'rap Htr fa,qlru Poua au'aua,raplnr.ru Bapric,'lapn heca6 elall-
    ,4nnep. Epeuaa,rsr Apuolr4 jenaaan japa4u,rr'luur Poua peny6,r t<i-
    cbrnAa xycycrr HyQysa MaJrr.rK n4u. Eyu,qau aBBaJr o, aprur, Epeuna4a
    (o 6ypa.ta AoryJIMyuJAy) jeuxcxona Ba BapJrH pyhanx,rape rapuu
    ioHerMHrx MyxarE+are 6aruqulnr erMfl[rAH. Eyua xopa ouy Hra,ru-
    ja4an roslryrr4y,rap. O,6ap Heqa [JntHH <DpaHcaga xeuupl.rnur, XII
    acpl.IH Myroperrn tpunocotpy A6eajapurH apArrrirhrrrr,r oJ'rMytx, coHpa
    Hca xHJrca rapa+nHAaH uahxyu e.a,u;ruuur1u. Epeurxaau Apuo,nA
    KHICAHHH TOPNAI MYNXJIAPHHAAH BA CAPBAT.IIAH AJT 'IAXMACUHH IA,qA6
    eArlparl; nanaHr,rH AyHjaBtr haxur'rrj jaraue rapubr qbrxbrpAbr; Qeoa2s
    o'jaHraphrH aFaJrbrFrrHa raru e'rnpas eAHpAn; o, Pouaur,ru ryaparnH
    onMacHHbt ea Hranujanuu 6np.nHjrenu ap3ynajbrpAhr. Ouyu ra6luru-
    nun ra'cuprz arrbrHAa Poua ruehapru,raplr KaparrHarJrapbrH eBJrapnHH,
    tpeoga,r racp.napr.iHu AaFbrAhlpAt{nap. flana uca Por.ra4aH raqMarhr
    oJrMyrxay.
    Ey sauau I <Dpunprx Bap6apoccanuu 6a[qr,rrbrFbr aJrrbrHAa ar-
    uau @eo,4a.n,rapbrHr,rH rorrlyunapu I,Ira,rujaja coxy,rrynap. nanaja
    rapuru uy6apusoaa OplrApHxAsH KeMaK ar'rMar yMH.nlr nfla Poua pec-
    ny6.raxacnur,rH ceHarbr oHa HM[eparop raun tax.nuQ erArr. Jlaxas
    Oprlapux 6y rax.rnQu pag erau ao Pouaja Aaxlr,'r oJIy6 uMrleparop
    raqbrHbrH IIaIIa IV AapHaHlaH ra6yn er,1u. A,ruau pbrrcaPJraPbrHbrrr 30-
    paKElJ'rbrFbr ulahaprnnapuH nasa6l-IHl.rH naprlajuurslua ce6a6 onAy, oH-
    )
    Jrap r{Mneparopa cHJrahJ'rrJ MYTaBHM3T KecTapal.Irap. flana Po:ua ysa-
    puHe HHrepAHKr rojly (ja'HH urahapn ra'Har,raAIr, 6YrYH IIIHII ajHH
    - rapq.); 6ynyrua aJlarsaap orapar
    r Ba MopacHMnap[ raAaFaH eraH
    sr.rjapsTqHJraPuH axbrHEr .qajaHAbI, Har[rqe,4e, uahaPrHnap KaJIHpJIa'
    puH.4eH MahpyM onay"{ap. Poua pecny6lr.rxacb[HblH ceHarHHa MYna-
    jrr,r (ue're4r.n) yHcypnap ycryH Ka,'IAHJrop; Bperuua.nu Apuo.lg, rua-
    hapaen rooy.ray, conpa Hca <Dptt.u,pr.rxnu aMpuaa ana xeuupuln6 uur-
    338

    . .;lL
    \E-
    1:'1" n'a e'aaM onJHAy (1.155). Por'ra pecny6,ruxacu apaAaH ran-
    qbrpHnAhr, trarraHbrn haxuuHjjarN uca 6apna olvuav.
    qery6f, Hrarrja. rtlary6l Hra;ruja s-a Cu,{;,rfliaaa Qeoaa,r MyHa-
    cfloaTnapH JaAenrspr.rH aFanHpEI lUapaflrHHAa
    arxuruaQ eaflpalr KH, 6y aa har,.rui jepnainn rapflxhHAe ua iojay. XI
    ::qt" 9I eu.rajar.rapr. xopuaH.rap itiopuanaxjiaau v"i"1 nop"rr,_
    g,?_ :,"-61 er4a-nap;. t 130-uy x,raa, II poxepni sar,,rarrua4a, ,,IiHy6u
    nf a wla B3 ur.rl|r.rnHJa BahHI AeBnaT ha"ruu4a_cnuuaa ia xpa.rnurus-
    aa .6fipnauaanep. Hopuau rruraau Qeo4aa ,yn""noii'ripinr{H HHKH_
    uaQuuu cyp'auau4up.qn: [rrrFanq]r' Kparnrp .iepm i;iirrrpr,
    KeHAJ'rEnapnH Top[arJlapbrHbtH qox hlrccacnHa ena Keufipn6 ""
    Qeiln o,ra-
    par HopMaH Qeoaaalapuua aa xn;rceja naj,ra4n.nap. ' Eojyx ropnar
    yyl-*Jrpl xpan ropnaurapuna (4oueua) rarhrrrAbr-. Acuau ropnar
    Hcrltea,(aqHnapxHe _rr_eBpxJleH KaHAnaJepr.lH uyhyu hnccacn e3 a3aa_
    _
    JrnrbrHbr nrnpaa.-Xll ecpAe Cuuuauja xpaaaurirnga vox.ny rehruu_
    JII.I KaHAnH (cepB) Bapahr; oHJ'rapr,rH 6xp $eo.ua,'ruu ropnarsrx4aH .qu-
    KapHHe ReqMaK hyryry jox u1x; Cu,llaaja KpannbrFHHAa, ha6e,ra ja-
    pr{Ma3aA IaHAnIJ'rap Br.rJrnasnap Aa BapAhri ou,rap uyajjar uapr-
    aepra, ueh,4y4 hyryr.na - 6np Oeoaanuu ropianun4ax
    '6auidiuua
    xeqa
    6u,rapAu.nap. hep urn rpynaaH onaH xbu,4,rlraep 6ajapa xerualr,
    uehcya se nya rejuylapr.r BepMaJ'rr.i xauaap. Eyiosavria. IlLrua,rrz
    ea
    _Opra Llramjaja Hac6arax, Cnux.naja xpa,rnuiuHaa' Qeo,qan MyHa-
    cx6araepnuuu rrHKRuaQ npocecfi JraHK KeAUpaH. EyHa- xepa Aa '{a-
    sy6Al asaa KaHAntrnapnH-aJ'rnoa cahn6aapnnuu uyhyu re6e-
    racu haaa aa raJIMHur,(bI. Ouaap nvuaaap ha,runaa jarudjdp ea reh-
    rulr.nn.naruruaJa rapuJbr HHaAna ny6apxsa anapupaulap; 6y xaH4-
    .ruaap Aa<pa.rapaa (1123, 1168, 1178, I lgg-lry HnnapAa) Qeoaaarapa
    aa rpaa harnunjjerrlua rapurx ycjar ra,r4upuu urAHnap.
    \laay 6n Vb a m j a urah apaapuuuu My raanap arr,r aa rrxM anAaKbrHAaH
    Qaprar oaay. XI-XII acp,rapae oHnap aa xej,nu jyrcax reparrn co-
    aujjacrua qarMblurablnap. ,rlaxnx 6y raparru, 6a[rnbrlra onapar, TpaH-
    3trT Tr.Ilraparne anaraaap rr4a; harrrau uahap,napun es caHorKapJrErr '
    ncrehcaau ra jepln rnqapar 6ypaAa sauQ xttxNuaQ eruuruau. Eyna
    xepa aa 6ypa4a aMraa-nyn rrryuacu6aurapn aa KaHAIIH hajaruxa aha-
    uujjar.ru 6up re'cxp xscrapMaau. EyHyn narnuacnsaa, heu aa XII
    ecpuH eaBannapsnaau l{asy6n l]ratujata Huc6drau tYBBarnH aoB-
    .rar japauauru yuyn ltlany6n Idratnja urahap.napu MycrarHJInHK, har-
    ra r'lyxrapujjar 6eaa rasasa 6[,1MaA[nap, haunua,ntx TYBBeTIH Map-
    nasn haxumnjjarAaH acbrr'rbl ranablJlap.
    XII ecpnH uxnulru japucuuAa HranujaHEH 6a-
    lllf,xirx Br uH vcryHY arMaH ocaparu aJITHHa AYuMal(
    Opn Hraaria rah,rVxain aJ,rMb,uAbt. I' Opn4pHx Bap6ipocca
    EaDepnepxrxll 6aruAa o.nlrar;ra aluan
    QeoAa,r,rap.u Htallja
    - my6apisecx. pat,
    O"otaa-iaiu,ra rapuH Top[aMapunun 6up hnccecnnsn, Qopua.n oaa-
    Poua uunepujacbl aaJIaHaH xr,aneprjaja
    MOHCy6 OJIMaCbIHbI 03 TaqaBY3Kapnblrnapbl YIIYH
    acac heca6 eAEpAI{naP. JaAe.nlu acaperl.I aJ'IrblHa Ayurttari rah,ryxacn,
    6upruru HoB6aia, jyi<cex raparru eiuNru lIINua,rs l'Ira,lr.rja ruehsp-
    ueinnuu 6aruu yityiy anabt. OplIApHx Eap6apoccaHun l4ratnia iy'
    .l
    22. 339
    a,]
    pYuJlepaHa raAap ,rloM6apAnja Ba TocKaHa urahaprapnHHH r.rMnepfl-
    ja4an acuar,r"ruF6rHbrH aHqar aAbr BapALr. Ea'su ha.r.nap.qa, oHnap
    rrMneparopa nyJ,rna KeMax eAnp, oHyH yrryH KoMaKqn hep6u 4acre.nap
    japalHp.qbr,'rap. Eeraauxaa, ou.nap jaAenlu cy3epoHAaH a3aAJl6rJra-
    pbrHbr carr,rH arrMhru onypaynap. I Opaapux Aratnjaja, aprur, 6u-
    puuvu jypyuryrrrraqa s3yHy urohap asal,rlrraapuuuu 6ory,lycy xuvr
    xecrepAH. OHyn rasjuru ule ll58-'ru u.rna, Ponxa,ruja cejltr Illuraa-
    tu l4ramtja urahap,nepuurlH a3aA,rbrrJrapHHr,rH raMaMr.r,ro ,,raFB or'ryH-
    nacu hamunaa rapap ra6y.n erA. CejMa .4a'ror o.nyuan 6yjpyrryn
    Eo,ronja hyryru-ryHacJrapbr 6y rapapbr Po:ua hyryryuyu 6e;ra 6ap ueur-
    hyp rfoplry,ry Hna acacnaHAblp.qu,rap: <herrug,apa Jra3r,rM o,ran hap
    InejuH raHyH I(YqY Bap> (<Q,trod principi placuit, legis habet vi-
    gorem). En3, apTbrr, 6nnHpH( Krr, MnnaHJlbrJraPa rag4apvacuHa 6ap'
    6ap .r,xaauu ryrMacbrHa 6axuajapar, (Dpr.lgprx Pouxauaja repapnapbr-
    Hbr jepr-rHa jerupuaja MyBaQQar orrMaAbr. .N1n;rau.nu,rapa aHBaH ryryJr-
    MacIJ, haMqHHHH oJIKoHI.I a.[MaH I.tIIrFaJIqElJIapbIHbIH qanbl6 Tar,raMacr,I,
    aprbrr, uMneparopya ra'juu er,u.uju noaecrarapbrH aFaJrbrr eTAHKJ'rapE
    uchap,rap au MyraBuMer pyhyuy jyrceargn.
    I167-qn r.r,'rle Jlou6apauja urrurparu japag,u,rg.u. Ey urrnQara
    jenugeu .qupua.n:uuut MnraH, MaHryja, Oeppapa, Kpeuoua, Epeura
    ga 6aurra ruahap.nap AaxHJr oJIAynap. hauuu uahap.nap acapar a,rrr{-
    Ha ayuMaK rahryxacr rapulbtcblHAa, MyBarrerll orapar, 03 apara-
    p6rH.u,aKbr uaxfl urMoHH jaaaaH,{ErxapAbt.nap. IZltneparopa rapull HT-
    rzQara Cnun,ruja KpaJIJTTJFL'I na Benercnja Aa rouyJlAyJrap. Ey roo-
    .rarlap Illulra,ru Vranv.jaaa tvnepujauuu MoBrejxHUH Ivlohxa:rlau-
    Mscfl H.naH ehruj ar earpara;rap. tDeo.qa"r Asporacurra aFaJbIr YcrYH,Aa
    ur'aHepnja Has uy6apusa anapan fIana,rr,Ir ,1a ,rlou6apguja uehap-
    ,rapniui urruQaruuut lry.r,aQHa erau. Be,ra,rrxaa, a.lllan Qeona,r
    raC6xap,rapuua rapuu uy6aptea yltyltlra,ruja xapafi-repu a,rlu; 6y
    uy6apxsxuH
    - Harnt{acn 6yryu o.lxauuu MYra!,Aaparblllbl ha,aa er,ln.
    ,rl-ou6apauja urrutparu,I flo uajsl Y3aplHAaKH 6cpa jaxuHrstruH.4a,
    aauas 6acrus"rapbtHa tapubl 6xp cunap oaapar, A,reccau lpuja r-ar,a-
    crr bl yqlarrabl. Opulpui HsB6ar, 6euuHlttr aeQe A,rnn aruu6 xe'
    ,repxau 6y raJ'IaHbt ara 6H,1Maa[. ,Ileujauo j axblHnblFblHAaKbl Bypyu-
    r,raaa (l t761 ,rlou6apanja ,ruracr,I rapaQuug,au :uar.ny6 e4.unau @pua-
    pr.rx ninaja recat.IM- oJI;ar uau6ypujjarun4a ra"'IAbl. I183'r{Y . Hflaa
    i(ogctancaa flarla HJ'I3 l.IMneparop apacunla 6ar'tasu'tvsIu cy''rh lty-
    raBHJraclIHAaH coupa, Pouxalnja ropapJlapbl scJII.IH.qa roFB o"ryHAy Ba
    -urahap.'raplrHi.IH
    IIIuuaru Hra.luja 6YrYH I(oi'tMyHa a3aaJlbIrnaPbI 6aPna
    o.rryx1y. I,Iuuepiljauun' r,.raily6 oliaacsr flana,rurnn, hauulrnnn cu'
    ja6ll .iaharaan'ai xej,lu ryu'oer,raHMocuHo ca6c6 o'ray A"ruau $eo-
    KoMMyHa"la pbl}lblH
    4a,'r rac6rap"'rapulna iapuH My6apnsala rahap -
    ra,la6acu Aratniaua ja4e.nnu ecaparuHa aYUMaKAan x 'lac errtl BO
    coHpaKLr acp,'lapila o,TKaHuH HrrllcaAu' cujacu sa Ma.naHIl ropelrH-
    c,.lni *eua* .J[a*rn uahap.naplu ropxyuu rah.nyxa ILl"ldpIt-HAoKI.r
    ;G;;; "ra
    or{Jirin, 6y reh;ryia ioav.6u- n,nt,r, s5uQ-T-aax lllahap
    pecny6,ruxiaai apacslu,ra jesraeH pera6er ea my6apuaa 6aul'nan-
    -
    .qH.
    Aauau rac6xap"tapblHa rapubl lty6apl:aHun xeaNllnsae Hra"qtl-
    340

    L -f,*er
    I

    XII
    - XIII
    jaga, acpurr coHy ecplu aBBarneprH,la, 6Hp-6npHHe ryru-
    MdH o,raH cujaca _v.rpajau.lap_- raeaQ,rap sa x r.r6e,r.r u w.r op uej:iua
    KarAu.qap. < lae,rQlap> a4u hoheHutrayeen.lap cy,ra,racl Ha jly rrlMaH
    o,rau Caxcouuja hepcorlapu HacJ,ruHHH Be.lQ.lapnH aAbrHIaH aMa-
    - hoheuunayQeu.ropuH
    ra Ks,,r MH tr.(l.t; <Kl-t6e,]nr.rHnap) albr Hca rscp-
    6tpuntn hay6e,ruurnn (a,r lr aH va-B aj6,nHHKeH aAbrHr,rH
    "qopHHAeH - HerHqocnHAo japaHMr,rurAbr. lse,rQ"rap uune-
    r,raTr{HJrau.{r,rpbrJIMacbr
    parop.raphlH Ayrl:MaHH za Vratnjaaa lrMtreparop a,'lejhuxa ua6he-
    HflH 6aulrbrcbr oJ'raH rrarraHhtH l.rytraQurn HAHnep; oHJap, 6aui"lsrqa
    o.rapar, ruahap.,rapxH Txlrapar ra6araaapllua apxa"raHhrp-
    - coHarKap
    ,4u,rap. Huneparopyu rapaQ4apJrapbr oJ'raH xa6elluu,rap rca os",ra-
    pnua Qeo4a,r sa,qaxaH,rap uqopHCr.rH.4J r.t,rrrHMaL lajar a-xrapsrpllr-
    ,rap. By uxlr urjacH rpyrrauMa apacbrHAaKbr raHnbr efaBar XIII acp,
    HrarujacuHnu 6yryx hajarurua n3 rojMyuAyp.9ox earr, rrqrHMarj-
    rrrrt,tcaAH npoQu.nu ejHu o,rau urahap;rap aHqar 03 aparapbrH.qaKbL
    urrHcaAu para6ar y3yfl.qeH AyrxMoH cujact,I ua6haaapa rouy,rypAy,rap.
    Maca.raH, anap <D,ropexcaja rseaQ ruahsplr u.r,Hco, oHyH ruqapar Ba
    caHarrapJrbIr cahacuu.u,axu paru6lepu-flusa sa,rlyxxa xu66e,,rsr
    urahsp"rapu H,unap. fBe.rrQJep,re hn5e,l,runaap apacbrH.{axbr lur.t.rlor-
    ;ur rrry6apusa Hra,rnja.4axu sasnjjarr Aaha aprbh MypaKKa6,'rarlrax-
    pllp, ert<aHHH cuj acr,taEuHur,rttrusut uehxauLraHA}r p}lpau-

    s 2. TAnHJA X r-XV ACPJTAPAS.

    Ouraa-ny.n lryuaca6ar,rapttx['tH cpriJH HHKttua'


    lIIEraJrx Ba Qsr sa ny.r peHTacHHhrtt t<eHflu JaJhlJltacbl He-
    Opra HnJrxiaAa iuqauru-ro [Iuna.rtt ea Opra hra.rtja x.ru.l.lltl-
    rahxxmqrarx
    hyryryryH JepHHrlH xejJH huccac[, aprblr, XIII acp]tH__an-
    IEFD CAXJ!MEC'. sailapura jaxuu uraxceu a3aa u.{fl,'IaP. XIII
    acp.il,e, I(aHAJIH,'IepnH uaxcu a3a,I'1Hr a"rIMacLI
    lllahap xo*rltvua,rap
    It-rrola.ltvga,r uH otu cajacarn 6yla ,uox xenax erlrIJ ll-lahap
    a o xycycu J.eKper,'Iep.1a 03 Ta6eqllnaKraprH;a oJaH apa-
    3nrapaa rai\KtrMnuiux hyryryny naro eaupaliJlap. 1256-qn H,'IAa 60-
    .rosja,(a rahrnuqE.rllK hYryry 6y',lyp, ranraHa,rH cyporaa iIaFB o'rlyH,ny'
    Eoronj a haxnuaeptl eK ael(perr]apluu <Haultar aKTr'Iap bl> a.llJlaHAblp-
    halrus'rexper"la-400-6eo.ra,ra Maxcyc 6 MIIHJ jaxblH rah-
    "panrip.
    xiu.rrr resr.tu a3a.[, onyH.tly. 1289-uy u,raa tahrnuqs,tltx hyryry' Qax-
    ruKH oJrap ar, <Daopenor j ag,a aa r'laFB eAIlnaH. lllahap,lap n H <<xrJlacxap'
    nbrr> cujacarll 6rlp He,la ca6a6,'la I'I3ah oJlyHypny. Eyuynna ou.nap,
    6upxttuxtn, Qeoaa.r.rapsrH Hmllcaali Ba cllj acx 6axnivr.u,as satlQlaua-
    cuia, uxttttutlclt, Bepxli BepaH Ba xI.IAMarc vel6 o,ryHau- ahaJuHt.IH apr-
    MacuHa, yqynqYcy,- ruahapun xaul racappyQarr,r uahcy,r"aapu u"ra
    rc'raun o.iyimaibtHAa +eoJ.a,rrapuH uHhllcapuHu .tars- ervaja Hal,l
    o.rlp.1y,1 ap i uahapc KarxpH,'laH KaHA racapPYoarbl MahcyJ,lapblHbIH
    rriti"iun,i .rn u-,ahap haxinrujjar opraHJrapH roH3lrM eanp!.IrrlaP. Ha-
    hajar, xon,l"'u,lap H a3aa oJyrlMacu uahap.rap,r,el orpY caHarKap"'Iblr
    Hciehca.lutttrtu ntrqu rYBBacfl se aprMarAa olag ra,ta6alunbl oaoMol(
    YqYH Jra3brM HAII.
    341

    l::. r
    Eyryu 6y ha4rlcelap,-.o6jeKrr.rB onapar, Myrapattu oncaJrap ra,
    {Hr,rap KaHAJrr.rJrapuH saaujjaruut, hev 4a, j axurlr,riuraupuaau. Maca_
    aa 6ypacuuaa r.rAt.r KH, KaHAJrrJrep asag, o,rynapxat os.tapuuuu, cu,aus_
    BLI, ropnarAaH Hcrrl0aAa hyryr.napuxu aa url.rpap4u,rap'. Ey
    aa xanA-
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    - _
    .Ia rocaAy(Dft.4ejr,r.qH xu, 6a'saH, urahep haxar,,rljjai oiraHnapbr KaHA_
    d'II.rJIOpIr aFHp !r33a IJro ropxyaapar TahKHMJTI aa:tiiargen auruna
    eruaja ualr6yp eAnp.[Hnap. Topuar,n.au HcrHQaAa hyryiyn4au uahpyr,l
    eAHnMeKJIa asaA onynManapH KaHAJlHnapH 4aha arup rxaKHJUa uc_
    rncMap erMar{ yqyH [aparrr japaabrpAbr. K. Mapxc Ii{ratnjala rah_
    Kr{Mq[Jrr.rK rayuacu6ar,rapaurrH .u,aFbrJrMacbr npoceinnau 6ypi 1a xarru-
    Tar[cr HcrehcanHHblH epKau luxlruaQu Hns 6r.{raBacxTa anaraAap
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    taur,r4an .res HHntrlrraQ er !,uj VIlanrja aa, rahrnuuraux rrayuacu6ar-
    JapH Ao hauugan res aaFbrJratr. Bypaaa rahxnuar{ KehAnn, roprraf
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    €Au6 ryprapMaMbrur a3aAnbrFa 6ypaxu,rup. Byua xopa A'a asa4 o,ryu-
    Ma oHy, Aephan, raHyHAaH xapHq eaEnMHu npoaerapa qeB[pup; yc-
    -TaJrriK o, hauuu caarlaua uahap,,rap,a,e e:yua jeun ara,rap
    rinup.->l
    XIII ecpun coH,'tapbrHa jaxuu Illarraa,rr.r ea Opra Hrinuja [au4-
    JII.IJIapt HITH tloxy, aprur, rxsxcaH a3aA HAHJrep. OHaapHn 6xp hnccacn
    xery6 ruehap;rape r(erMnrrI, ycra KeMeKqunapu Ba My3any tpeh,ralap-
    Jra rajHajH6 rapburrMbrrrrrbrnap. Auxap, ropnarAaH uahpyu ert,ruxru
    KauArrrnaprrH laha uyhyu huccacu a.lapaAapnapa qeBpHnMnuArJ,rop;
    onaap awapaja KorypAyxJraplr ro?narulapAaH MyxrentlQ u]aprnopJra Hc-
    'rH(baAo eAHpAHnap. MacanaH, Tocxasara japHnHFa Huuaua ja-
    pHqHrHr (uecca4prja) ycryHnyK reuKun eanpAH. Ey tr,rapa- cuc-
    TeMuHAe [qapaqH 6evapaxjrl uahcyayu japucsruu ropnar uyarujjar-
    qucHHe BepManr{ r.rAH. MeccaApHja lIIuua"'ra ra Opra I4raaujaHrrn
    6aura pajoHaapHnaa Aa jaju.nruuu-r1u. JIaKHH 6y jep.rap4a, hauva-
    iI{IIH rHcaMYAAarnH najIIbInbII ulrapacn (uehcy.nyr l/3 sa ja ll4-n
    .raAop)
    Aa jajn.nrrruugu. EynAau 6aura, aBBaJTKH KrrMr, acKH (beoAan
    'ToprrarAaH ucraQaae Qopuanapu errrQNrea:uc Ba nn6eJrJlapr{ Aa
    x(eHr.ru j aj ErnMbrrrrahr.
    -
    XII-XIV acpJrap.(a Meccaapnja, rHcMaH Aa Iajqbr,'Iblr r'{apaclt-
    Hr-rH 6aura HoBnep[, japuutpeo4aa xblpaa xaHAJrH Hvapecn Qopuacr,t
    r.r.qn.Japu.nura uu,rajau KaHAnHnap avapaja ropnar caheor xerypap-
    KaH, rrox Baxr, ropnar cahu6unAas aBaaaHJ'Iblr, uu hejaauu Be roxyM
    .aa anbrpahrnap. Kaua.nr.r Horapa MYAAoTH ryprapMajblH!Ia 6upHH.,lfl
    .lrqapeja KorypAyjy ropnaru rojy6 xeaa 6n,ruas4r. Orap reaepauca,
    .Keprr rajHTMara ua,i6yp eAuaap Ba oHAaH ena aFHP I{apHMa aJblHblp-
    ,aLr Kn, Bap-jox.(aH qHxrJpahl. Japuu ll,r ra6ac'{a,{aH Ma'JIyMar Bep-
    MaK uaprr.I u.na japulura nutaajau I{eH.[nl.IJIap, uuapaja xeryaayjy
    'TopflafaaB a3aA cypgraa tlblxhl6 KerMaK hyryryna ua"rNr nan Jlaxln
    .$oprr.rar o.napar ra6y"'r eAr.rnMflu 6y hyryr4au, raqpY6oaa, AeMeK olap,
    .ucirrpaaa eiMaK MyMKI/H onMypay. Ee.na xn, rlqapeqfi ropnar cahfi-
    6une ouaas aJraHFH aBaaaHnIIFH rajTapMaJIu, 6opuyuy gAoMar'II{,
    I K. Mapxc u @. Saxemc' Co.r., r 23, crp. 128 (Ilpru. lE9).
    .342

    E- ----.^
    I
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    ayrrrypay. haurrn japurrlQeoaaa xycycujjarrapa lrrta jauaruu japn_ l


    ,rura Hrunajau..xaHAr'IHJrap -yqyH KanHTaJrHcr Hqapacr.rHHH 6a'su yirryp-
    ,'IapH Aa cauujjaaa u71n. Macelan, H!{apaqtl alrajuuAas 6aurra os }ra-
    jachrHHH 6ap huccacnuu ae racappyQara cepQ -erxprlt: ropnar Myn-
    xujjeruncn r.rca heuxs racappyQara ropnar4au caaaju, roxytu, asa-
    .4aHJrrJt Be ja aru hejaauu Qoprr.racuH4a 03 Baca[rr.rHH]r lxxap huccacu-
    Ht-t aa rojypry. K. Mapxc,6yua xepe aa, rlajqhrnbrr tvapacuxu xann
    racappyQarsruux Qeo4a,ruacuna ra[rKl.IJIr.rHAoH xanuralucrqactna
    roIrIKlIr'IflHa xeqIrA QopMacbr heca6 e.4up4x.r Topnar vyxact6ar,:reprrHHrr
    6y jeHn xeurl Qopua,rapu nauala rpio4a,rrs-r,l rypyiryruynyn acac,ra-
    PbrHbr capchr.4brpAbr.
    -- Kau.a,au,rapHu arbrp Be3ujjart,t oHrapHH r.rqapl-t-
    ,$lH;','jrTfl1XX: cHHaa e'rupag hapSxaraaflr jaju.rr,racura ca6a6
    --'-" -'f ""' onypay._ Ey hapaxaraap ,qox Baxr, rrrHH rapu-
    ";-"i".^"' rarJap eopMacbrHr,r anbrp,(r,r. Tapllrar,rap aha.nn_
    uxu r.ryxraatQ ra6aralapxuu ahara eAfipArl. ,rlaxnt 6yu.nap au uox
    KaHA,'rHnap Ba uehap ahaaucuutn auaFbr KyrJ'racHHnu-laxrrx xev-
    MHrxaa KaHAreH xsrtr4r.rttr aharr..tHIrH xqap]rclHAa j a j u,r lr uur4sr. XI I-
    XIII acpaapaa erKetre oHrapna reprrai sapau.- Ei,H,rap hav jepnu
    saMaHJla atrrLIJ'IaHMbrtx yMyMaBpoIa raprrrarJrapt (xaraplap, BanAeHc_
    lep), hau .4a Hra.rrjaHuu osyH€ Maxcyc raprrar,rap (rylru,rxar.,rap,
    Qparuve.nlu.nap aa 6.) u1a,rap. EyryH 6y uyp6auyp rapurer,rapu, 6ir-
    r6Bnyxas yMyMxa,,rr 6ypxep rapuraru xtua rnjuamau,4lpuaK oJrap;
    xaugru-n,re6ej rapHrar yHcypnepu 6y yuyluxa,rr rapsrarHsAau, he,re-
    .rux ajpuau6 MycraruJ rapnrerc qeBpurMaMHulau.
    Vramjata <Mycrarun 6up naprr.rja uepajauu> (<D. Euxe,rc) rulln
    xaH4.rrH-n.ne6ej rapHrarflHe xeqxA Anocro.n rapAarx",rapbl repr.rraru
    sta 6allt Bepltl. Ey rapr.rrarn, rarpu6aH 1260-qu u.lao, xeulrnu flap-
    Ma KeHAnlrctr Cerape,r,rx japarMbluabl. flana.napuu AeQa,'rapro ra-
    aafaH eTMacHHe ea uHxaxsucuja To'rH6.rrapHHe 6axuajapar anocroJ'r-
    qyJrap hepaKarbr, aeMar{ oJrap, 6y'ryu I,Ira.nujanbr 6ypy,(y. Oaoa",r.lap
    6y repurar oHyH,ra 6Hp 3aMaHAa 6aur repuuu rxxap raplrrarJrop,lalr
    heq sa sra QaprneHMHp.{ . JIaxuH, aprur, XIII acpun coH oHrr,'r,,rxK-
    aapHHAeH 6arulajapar 6y repnrarla xeHAau-n,'re6ej ahna;ru-pyhr.rjja-
    crl Ey ahaa,rn-pyhajja 1300-vy r.trAaH e'rrr6apan
    KeTAHKlra Kyq,'IoHHp.
    Cerape.r.lrnnHH e'raM oryHMacbrHAaH coHpa lllxuarH I,lra,rrjarun
    - pajoHJrapbrHbrH parHKaJr ohaa.nu-pyhuj ja.nu anocror,rqy,,rapbrHbrrr
    AaF l
    6arusucbr .Il,oavnuouyn rapuraro pah6ap orvacu HJ'Io xycycfiJra Ho3a-
    pe qapnlip.
    MacarraJlapta, o 3aMaHKbI TapH-
    6up vox I

    ,Il,o,ruuuouyu Ha3apHjjacB,
    raTq nopHH a.a,u u4eja:rapuHa acacnaHHp, 6a'sa uac.le.n:p.r.o flca oH- I

    .1ap.4aH HpeJIn KeAlIpLH. Xycyc r'ry,rxrjjaTfl nHCJ'IejaH Ba joxcyr,'lyFy


    ra6,'lHF eAaH.Ilonurno 6apa6apuu,rux HAejacbl Ba harra y;ttyuu lly.n-
    Krrjjor Hnejacbr rapaoAapbl I.IAH. O, nana, KapAuHaJl, I(euIIlx Ba
    paiiu6,lapui Mahsa uShxyu oJIAyrrapblHr,t ra6arlla,x,an cejJIe-
    I Bat: K. Maprc 6a (b. SHeenbc. Coq., r 25, q Il, crp. 367
    jup ne <jep y3apr.tHAs MHHHJTJIHX u,rahu ca;rranar>uH 6arunaHa,,rarhr
    :.r_Il?."-1I9LI!_"r orapar xocrepapAn. .Ilorqr.rHo 6e.na heca6 eanpAH Kr.r,
    HranH ce,trdHdT r(,rJ,rco Ba Baprbtr'rap y3apHHIr 3op HrxnerMJ jciny 1,r5
    qaJ'rbrHaH ra,ra6a narurraclrr.{a rypy,!a,{araup.
    I [orpyayp, Aorrrro
    nanaJrbrFhrH raprrbraaxbr uaharsu CH,qHnnja xpa,rur Apirbu,ry Opna_
    p[xnH xua rapbrrrrMac[J uJ,ra aJlara,,IaHAupupau; rapnrai 6aulrbrchIHLIH
    uouapxaja xaja,r,rapu esyuy 6y_n4a xeciapxpair. !,o,ruuno loapy
    arrocroJrqy.'rapbrHuu nasapuj jatu, 6yroa.nyxaa, auraru xyr.la,rapnn ha'_
    paKarbrHu raMcHJ'r ealtparr. Ey hapaxar4a xananN-nai6e1 rapurarn
    yHcyp"rap KeranKlro aprbrpr,E. Anocro,nvy,rapuu uasapujjacu' raua-
    ' MHJra. KarAnrr-nne6ej TapHrar[H[H MsBrejrrHa 6up raqai xew, aprur,
    cu;rah.rru ycj auuu Ke,(lzu]lHAa KerrAr.r.
    .[,o,rutlHo 1304-uy u,run aBBar'rnapr.iHAa o3yHVH eH iaxuu cu,rah-
    aar+,qapbr rr,ra 6fipraKAa fljeruouryx Cesaja vaji,r cahriunaaxu Aar-
    araju jep.rrapuua (lll r.rua,r- lap6H Arannjai xenl,u. Vrantianus 6au-
    ra )'qrap nu.na jerlapuurlu (Caaojja, <Dpay,r, Ka"rra6pu.la a-a 6.) rau,r-
    JHJlepH KrrMr{ fljeuour KaHA,'rr.rr'rap[,(o aMree-ny,r uyuacu6ar,rapuutn
    jyxcax casHjjaaa rlHKlrtrraQ erMacHHAeH aaha uox, 6y rr,ryHacH6araa-
    puu ruxuruaQ erMaMacr.rHraH a3 jjar qeKr.rpr ,'lap. KaHA,rHnep yq rar
    sYrM Jynjaon ceujop,rap, Kr'rrco Ba urahap.rr5puH 3ynMy aJrrbrHAa
    HAHnap. - Ey oHaapbrH, aaHM, 3\."rrMKapnapa rapubr qrlxbrtu erMacltHa
    te6a6 orypay. !,oaunuouyu 6y jepnapAa xepyxueor Ba3njjorr.r aaha
    -qa KapK[r Hnarlaxp4a. OnyH a.noa.ny re6anru r(yrnoBu cyparaa a]LaMJ'ra-
    .p6r o3yHa qan6 elupan. hapaxaruu xeHau nyc'er a;luacn jepla
    Qeo-
    AaJ'InapH BahHMaja canAbr Ba ouaap haparara rapuu lry6apusa uarca-
    .4n a;ra urrrQar 6arna,qurap. 1305-qu u,rnn MaprbrHAa aflocrorrrynap
    {eo.u,a,raapuu 6up,raurrraaru ryBBanapr.rHr.t AapMaaaFbrH erAunsp. JId-
    xEH oHnap, qox qaI{MeAaH, AaFnapa qaKr.i.rMar,rH o"'rAynap na 6ypaga
    r'.ryhacupaja arhrHAblrap. @e1a.nrap,ra apaMcbr3 rorryulaa.nap uaru-
    qacaHAe aepu;ran ra.neQar, aqJlhrr Ba capr rHu anocro,rty.napu uahs
    'oJlMar rapu6rcbrH.qa rojay. Etrp ra+e Keqa, caJraMar tanMbrrx Mr.iH
    'He{Dapa jaxHH anocroJ'rqy uyhacupavn,rapn a,,rAaAapar rap 6acMbru
    qbrFupJ'rapJ'ra Ce6e,rno AaFbrHa AbrpMatu4n. Arocro.rvy,rap raJracrrK
    ,e3,'rapHHa lrcrehKaM Ay3a,,rr,u,rrnop. Jeur rrlyhacupa 6aur,rau1u. <Deo4a.r
    urrxQaruHa 6auqHnhrr e.reH Bepqe,'r,,lo jenucxony ycjanuu.napu rau-
    pHA erMaK Hujjcru nna arpaQ KaHr,'lap n eha,ruclHll lroqyp,(y Ba oH-
    napbrH aYrxapKacHHrrH AeBpac[HA3 HcrehKaM,lap sa nyhacupc rya-
    .Jrarap[ rypaypMaFa 6au,,raahr. Ycjauvu;lapuH screhxauunu hyuyuaa
    ,anvar qahJ,.rapt yrypcy3 o.lI1y. .Il,oluauouvn 6aurqu,rur er4ujH anoc-
    roJ'l'{y,'l ap qaHxaBap/'rapr.r !,ar.6a,ar, aapMaaaFhrH erar.rJ'rop. Hrra$aruu
    'uah.t.rapunru ua'nacug onAyFyHy KepaH [a[a, 1306-uu H.nnx naju-
    suula ycjaHvunapa raprxbr xa,l jypyury e'raH er,1r.r. flahuar.nu uah-
    pyuttjjor,lap vexeu ycjanuu.napbl TaM a,r/laH ca,'IaH jeHtt t r,Iut xlrp-
    MHUraH. 1307-.,lt-r r.rJrHH MaprbrHAa, ar'IaBa r{oMaK a,'laH jenxcron yMyMH
    hyuyua 6aur,naau. Con nojyur yq KyH AaBaM er1n. Jys,rap,ra ycjan-
    crLJ hanaK oxay. fa,rraHnap nc3 acrp aJ'rt'IHapar asa6'ra e,naypy.nAy-
    Jap. Ao,lrrIHoHyH apBaAH Ba cr],'IahaauI{ Maprapura oHyH Ko3JIapu
    oHYHIa e'AaM o,ryHAy. Ao,'lqnHoja rrca ,4ehuarJr'r fitxKaH{anap Be prra'r-
    J.H rjc .[.ep.r jepc ruarra,rar,au.
    344

    L{
    I

    i
    I

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    Ayuap-
    xacnHAa sMraK 6epa6aprHjH uuaa hajara. xevrpu,r ruHur41r. Vdjauri,,
    alixap Myaclrpu_ 6e.na ua',ryuar nepup: ycjanuu,riap e',1aH erMrrrrJJrap
    Kr-r, <ouJ,rapbrH Poua xu,rcacusa rraai e,iei.napu aiuar, e'aau
    eruax
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    :1l.,lr_11-, y"g""t>. Ku,rcaja rapu.rH 6arn aepiarlr vuxuu, 6y'*yi,,
    .oHyH MYraAAacneulAHprHju 6yryn ueur.rjjara raplxbr qeB_
    oeJYJePa_K
    pn,rau. YcjaHyn Keaurxr-rHAa anocrrinuy,u-af hapaxiig, rarr.r orapar,
    KaHAnn-nJe6ej TepurarHHHH uenrej uHa xe,{ix.
    XII-XIV ecpnap,rla o",ruyur Anocro"r rap,qar-
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    vvi
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    6apxsacunuu Byc'arrr a3arMaAu. JIaxr.rn, una'r.r, KaHA,ru qHxbru"rrapLI
    6rraeacura, pean rane6nap
    a3ar'rAhrJrMacbr, aFhrp HcrucMap - . Bepxr.rr,rapuH aare o,rytuacu na ja
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    P""_??, a: xuluu ra.na6le.p yFPyHAa My6apHsa xapaxrepn xac6 e.u,np.
    LIKuH,.rH JapHcbrHaIr- au_ KeHArll ,{Hxb,[u./'lapbrH-
    _ - -^r.Y - l.pJ, -6ejyxuau. Ey ycjan o,tKeHHrr
    /q,aH orpu _t yKHHnap ycjaxu (1382_1387)
    runua,r-rap6uuuH, AeMaK onap, 6yryu 4ar.nur hnccaturiu" ahara er,(r.
    JlaKxH KaHaBe3Aa (lljeMoxryH ruI-IMa.[ hnccscE) xycycu",ra racxrn
    xapaKrep anAH. bypAa ycjaHqbr,'rap e'jau;lapuu racpleptHH jaxlu_
    pblp Ba aaFEIAblp, ceHjopnapE onnypypAynap. JIaxux xana,ru qbrxhrrx-
    napHHblH ruyxreluQ Baxrrap,qa Ba ajpH-ajpH uyapnap a,,rrbrH,r,a 6aul
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    Qeo-
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    JaTErpMacblHbr acagJrauabrpHpahl.
    e9p1_e^.eu 6ojyx h5paxar Kala6puja,4a o,ruyur xauA,ru uyha-
    -XV (1459) uar.r. Ey uyhapr.r6a
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    enara er,[H Ee oHyH hyayAnapHHAaH KaHapa qbrxAbr. ycjanaa 20 ur.rH
    qox KaHr.rH HrxrwpaK erxpr . Eylryp rah.,lyxa rapubrcbrH_
    194..i49,
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    KHpA,rIap B3 yCTa KgMaKqHnepuHr.tH HcTr.lcMapHHbIH IXHMaTd'IOHMeCXHAO
    r{ecrepr{pAH: ycra KoMar(qHJrapH MycTarHn ycTa orMat HMKaHHH,(aH
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    j:'Hn uyalay Qahnalapa-vespuJrr.rp,(Hnap. Cex rypy.nyruyHyrr AaFHrMa-
    {br HJra raqllpnapnH Be Ja BapJrbr ycranapbrH MyQn[cnauMutrr ceHar_
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    . xapJrapbr
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    _ Illnualu sa Opra Vra:l,nja ruahapaapsiaa xannralucr uyuaca-
    6ar.naputln epxaH unxtruaQbrHhrH ,4[Kap HnKr.rH uapru KaHAnHJrapHH
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    pyM onyHMarapu u4u. Topnaraan uahpyu onMyu KeHAnHnopuH rlo_
    xy Kac6Kap",lbrt AaJrlrHlra uahap.nepa Ke.qHp Bo XIV ecpla japaHrr.rar4a
    o,nan jenr cocua.n ra6erasrlH My3Any Qah.na"rapnu acacbrHbr rauKr.rJr
    ear.rpaHJraP. -
    Idratnja uahapaaprnae epxaH KarrflTaJrucr MyHacr{6arJroprt r.tH-
    'rquaQHubrn aH xapaxrepnr( HyMyHacr.t Oaopencujalup; hapvai4, e.ne
    teuun npocec.nep Eononja, Jlyxxa, flepyuua, Cujeua sa 6auIra rna.
    hap,repaa aa KeAHp.qH. Jeuu uyHacu6arrap, 6aurbrqa o.rrapar, jyu
    napva ucrehca"rbrHAa, coHpaJrap Hca urreK napqa roxyqyJryFyHAa Be
    KaMr.rra j brpM a cahanapxHAa uejaaua xa.nrp,Ea.
    tD,ropeucuja,qa, aprHr, XIV acpun 30-,,ry HnJlapHHAa 200-a jaxuu
    .nHc6eras r.rpu Mahy.u, e'ua,narxauacu BapAbI. Ey eiManarxaHaJrap My3.t-
    r'Iy l{uqll ryBBocIrHAoH ltcrnQaAa eAapal( HJ'IAa 80 uun rona roAap Ma-
    hya ucrahcar eanpar{nap Kfi, 6yHyH aa aajapu 6yryu urahapun 6ya-
    qac H,u.oH yq .[aQa qox BAr.r. Illehapuu e3yHra Ba arpa+ jepnopuH-
    ,Ea 30 MHH uaQape jaxuu aaaM Mahy,u. lrcrehca,rsr uJ'ra Marxryr'l HAr.i.
    hauuu e'lra.rarxanaJrapAa uanyQaxrypaHnH callljjeBr.r xycvcrjjart-
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    cH caplrrxra ra,ra6 eruajen Huxapra acrlQa,la eaupau,'lap. Onrap
    qaj cyjyHra jyu jyjyp Bc rypya]'p, jyu 1u4ap, aapajup oa najnaaup.
    ha,ua',rJrHr enup, vahy,1 jyjyp, jyn rajlapu lauujutp sc jyt<.rojttp
    sc 6aura Hunapna MauIFyr onyPAyJrap. heu 6up rcrehca"r BacHr.)c[-
    He MaJrr.rK orMajaH Be <D.,ropeuc[j a,qa <<qoMnII> a,4,'IaHAI,IpbrJ'IaH My3a,']y
    Qah.na;raprH yuyvu caju 10.000 uaQapa
    qarblp,fl,bt. Eeraroplt 6aura
    urahep,repAa Aa MuHnap,re l'tAu. Joxcy.r,raruMar/la o"qaH ceHarxapr'Iap
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    Ho AyuypayJlop. Onnap aaaa,lua .qaha upu e'ua,rarxasa caha6,rapfitt-
    ,113H aCbIJIb[ hala lyulyp, coHpa I{ca uytp;ruc,'reuup ne Qarulxn oaapar,

    -346 .

    L-- --- -^-, , '6-


    I

    I:L:l-rlt uy:,lay eahaa;repa qeBpnnnpAnaap. Oulapaan Hucoarartr


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    uax rxrujapu auua 6yHyn yqyH oHnap cexaepAau 6rpuHa
    Bepr.rJ'r.(H;
    Ey saruan yrryH no[onaHJapbrH 03-
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    Jrapn aa, aprrrr, aahua lrlrrflMau Ta6ore aejrrnr[nap; BapJlr,r ralrflp-
    Jrep, e'Ma.rarxaua se 6aHx cahu6.lapu (K6K lraMaar> ao ja <nxjar
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    lrarf aar>>, jaxyA <<qbrJbr3 qaMaar> (popolo minuto) a;1naHrrp,4u. ,II,a-
    ha aurarura rlca rejpa-Myrarnaxxu,r uyeany Qeh"ra Kyr"rrarepn
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    Jlap rpyry acac poJr ojHajupnnr. ourap uox BaxT 3cxr.r r[eoaan uacu.[-
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    I,Iprr nacuraun r qapar anapaH AeHI.I3 pecly6.rllKa,'IaplrubIH
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    caurjjacrua r,raJrrK HAH. 6y pecny6;ruxa.napaa 6yryH MacoJ're.repE r.rp-
    cr.r narprrcarAaH u6apar o"ran oH BapJIt'I raqupaap ho.rr eitup.,lu.rap.
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    Ey eauau Ouuap uypacu japag,srulruru, oHa AoxyH o3y.u,a.u,axrur on-
    348

    b.--
    ---l
    I

    Marl,ra 6yTyH^hoKyMar opraHJrapbrHa MaxQ[ Ha3aper erl,roK ralltxbr_ l


    hr,,t M blrrrabr. Oa.nap uypacsl qacycnJr, utejrauuu,rur, uax$N I
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    trlaH;lep nrlc ua'na,qa aI unxapuuur iypiyuyn aa"rr


    l
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    .
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    pr.rH0 ireBpHnaH.
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    -
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    cxjacli rapr.rxHnaa l\'tyajjaH Hs rojry. hepuent 6y eaxra rarep, <MY-
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    *ryt'r cujacu r',rynaQQaruj jar"T aP arlAa erMrtxalrJap; XII scpHH coHJ'la'
    pbrHa jaxhrH Munaxaa haxulrujjar .(eala Toppe 3aaal(aH ITacJIHHAaH
    ,6.rau npcu haxuunepun artruo KerrM[[IAH. Ey haxHurap nonoJlarrJlapa
    349
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    MxnaH MapKa3H .JIoM6apAHjaAa 6ojyr -apael.rrap i,re xeunpuO ei
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    Qeo,u,a.n uacnu olas Bncxonrx,rapl.rn rax6aunna nircn traxautljiil
    6aprapap o,r1y.
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    ,'rapbr nonoJraH pecny6.ruxacu (O,ropeHcr.rja4axir xir,ln), rrarpr.rcHar
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    Eprau xanuralHcr uyaacx6araapuur.rH HHKr.t-
    ruaQu ruahep,rapAe_ 3ahMarxeur.,raf yry, era
    'ili""#r"yr"jl1,;X"f"","",
    "'. y"j;;;l'--'-" rcrncuap s_a cy.nu $opua.napn KorHpar.r Kr, cex
    , _ rypynflxy oy
    qyp HcrHcMap Be synMyH Ha oJt-
    ayryHy 6u.rrrrupgu. Ey aa lllnua,ru sa Opra Llrinr.ja rirahaprapnuaa
    03 xapaKTepnHe xopa jeur xa.nr halraxar,raphrHa npoJreraprr-
    - r.rJrKaH1345-,{u
    arux ycjan,rapuna ca6a6 oJrAy. Ey lryp r.rrrK ,tbrxuu H,raa
    jyu aapqi_aH 9yro EpanatHnunH 6aurqbubrFu xla rD.nopeucujaaa 6aru
    BepIH. O; My3Afly Qahnanap[H ronr,raHErunapuu,aa .iounu rapAa[r-
    NhIFhIHbI JAPATMAFbI, TAPAAIXJIbII YsBJIoP HAAH MYHTo3EM ONAPAT BACAIr
    TorrJraMaFa Be sMeK harrunuu aprbrpbtJ'rMacH yFpyHAa uy6apHsaja
    6aruaavaru raxaaQ eAnpAu. haxnr,rujjer opraHrapbr EpaHgunuuu
    jaxa.nalurAa rroMrrr.r HurH ,u,ajaHAbrpAH, e'ua.narxaHaaapH ropK erH6
    cnujoprja capajtrHa AoFpy jonrraHAH, oHyu asaA oJryHMacbrgbr ra-
    ,a6 erAr.r. Tapxxaa MysAny Qah,ranaptlH r.rJrr xopro6uH ra'ru,nlr oran
    6y ra'rur jarupu.r,qu, 9yro Epaug.Huu Hca e'AaM eAnnAH.
    XIV acpaa uye4.ry Qahralap Ba xbrpaa canarKapnapbrH hajauau-
    rapu 6aura npu uahyA'ry;ryr MapKo3nopnHAo, MocoJroH, flepyuua ra
    Cujeuaga ,4a 6aur oepuuurag (1371).
    1378-qrx uraa <D.nopeucuj a.qa, 6y reBpAo ,rnKHH [poJrerapuarHH
    an 6ojyx hepexaru 9ovnu ycjaHtt orAy. Ey aauau O,ropencrja
    flana.nur,ra aFHp Ba - y3yucypaH uyhapu6e arapHpAbl Myhapu6a
    uox 6ejyx secaar rara6 ealrpau Kr.r,6y aa au eoea.n uahap joxcy,r.na-
    pnnuu hajaruHa ra'cxp xecrepup4a. Xalruu <rox> (<nuj.nauunlr>)
    nofloJraunapa rapruu hauu raga6Hsx jajhrHAbrpMar yuyn hauun re6a-
    rauuH nyua jang,aJrapnHAsH 6rzpu Ca;rsecrpo Me4HuH 6y Hapasu-
    lurn flana.rrura par6ar 6ac.rejau- u:ahap Qeoga.n,rapuua rapuu jo-
    HSITMAK rApapbIHa KsJIArr Ba XaJ'Irhl OHJrapa aHBaH TyTMaFa r,laFblp-
    4n. Onyn rraFHpbrrxbr .qaphar exc-ca1a aoFypry. Jlarsx qolr,tnn es
    rasa6[Hn rax.re urehapuu Qeog,a.n a'jau.napr,rHa rapubr aejul, hau ae
    6npunun Hss6a.(a s:"qap Hwtu 6unasacwra xcrrlcMapqbulapblHa-<<KeK>
    (<nuj,ran uNu> ) flonor aHJrapa rap[br rreBr.rpar,,rap. I 378-ua u,r fi i ],ryH
    opTa,[apr,rHAa. lxahap Aaprasa.naPblHblH apxacblHa. . TonJIaHMblx] jyH
    AapajaHrrap, jyu vupnan.nap, jyn luaenaap, jyH jyjau"rap, 6ojarqH-
    .rap ea 6arura My3any oohraJrap, ha6era Mahya cexflopIIHt.tu joxcy,r
    caHarKapnapbl ujaae.nru Ma'Myp> Ba3uQacHHIrH J'IaFB oJIyHMacblHhI
    ga euaf hairusnn 50]s aprHpH"'rMacuHu, ja'ua KyHAe 8 conaraH 12
    coJrAa ranabrpblnMacuuhr, ra.ne6 er4alap. Eyug,au 6autra on.nap 6up
    aaha <nujnoHMHrx> noflonaHJrapa ra6e orMaMar Bo AoBJIor l.rAapoqu-
    350

    t- ;i&
    {1L1Y49
    HrurupaK .I".j, nu:ll^.91ar. hamuH4a 03 apanap'r,Aa pa-
    on.nap cr.rjacr hyryr.nap ,rr" .rrii.lo,,yHy My3a_
    "-:rI:f _i:lLl-1"p. cexHHH-rauxu,r
    ny een,renapxn JeHH erujxJa *upypayr,"p., E;r;,;;,
    *rr.p:.T.:l.i-q+:_,:_111
    _":.*
    y3Br,rapr.r ra M hyryr,ry'iirjnai. ururap.
    __ :1*1y1_llT opraHnaphr hapaxaruu 6aru,runapuuu (LuuoHul.ruo
    -crniopiri
    MrrHnepn-a
    :: :.1__J.lx3rraaHrAa oHnaphrH asan -qoMnz
    r.r3aHha Mhr a capalu_
    onyH}racr,rHn ,aai6 e,Ar Ba ca_
    :i,,{"ify Jo,rrnaHAhr,.
    paJbr JaHlbrpMar,,ra hananal[. gounusua pah6ap,rapa
    a3aA o,,ryHAy_
    nap. Vtrx ra,'ra6a a,rae e.{aH ycJaHrrHJrap BapnbrnaphrH ea,rapuuu jau-
    {y!3:jr11"p, uahapuu xyqa,rapr u,r5 up-a,ru,re r,r ej a 6aru.ra4u;rap;
    oHn_ap HcrucMapqhrnapHH acac jysacuHu_<Jlasa> '
    cexaHrrH HMa_
    p. hoxyM ar 6a urrhrchrHhrH _ < e.{arror roHQa,rou_
    P^"Ll:.L. J,rrl} ghrna
    Jepx)HuH, JaHl,t <aAanar 6a jp-arAaphr>HHH 6a-jparunu ar,ra, Ke,{flpen
    :^T.,I{?p 99{9 heca6.Hoeran KH, oHnap pecnyo.rrnxara
    r.r n rrHnn ea x-Eqirr cLx.napnH
    uii nu*rr^1-
    ] ::1..:.::_.r.iylT41q, peh6ap,rapnuan
    l::::Y1."-14i JesH hoKyMar japa.4brnMacbrHbr r'a,ra6' eruar rapapa
    :.{:itTj- 9y BAr.r.heKyMerAa
    JeHr yv jep.uounuuuu syuajauaenepuua
    cyo oJManhr (JHnapAaH 6xpx hoxyuar_ 6auivuiu_uaaiaar uau_
    6aj-
    e1l{qp", rasxQacrur ryrMa,'rr{ xAH. E,ra 6ypa.qaora ,ov-nn
    :ry11:141:q-, MyaiiaH onyHAy xr, oH,rapui pa3rrrhrrhr or,rMaAaH ""rrnr"
    pec[yoJrrrKaAa neq oop tapap ryasaja uluc 6xauaagN.
    qou n Hrrap
    - ^-"9-11{irlyu .ronecraHhrH capaj hrHH hyuyu.na aa4u-
    Jrap. Dpracu KyH, oHnap, cenjoprja capajuHu l.ryhacr.rpa 'eau6 es ra-
    l::::p:il znpxopJ'rapa
    ra6y,r er,4xpuaja r,ryaaQtpar 6,r.ay,rap. ftpIr_
    opnap orrp-orpuHr.tH apabrHqra caoaju rapr ervila 6aunias,rap. ie_
    ::..::::l:.p1j_. 1"y1I1 o,fHAy Mui<e,rc iu ilasio 6y
    oauqHcbl eJIaH oJryHAy. O, npllop,lap raqapKaH xa,rra ss "rrloprju"r,
    xuaMerflHll
    raKnne erAn Ba oHAaH <a4a,rar 6aj pargaprJ>HbrH 6ajparuHsr a,r4u.
    tlounu ouy os aaaMu heca6 jia'*u" y"jrr-'."ari-n" o, ,p_
    rElr, qoxAau jya lapajan Aejfirar .enapiir.
    Ba aaprhr Mdhyaqynyg e'mi,rai_
    xaHanapHHla Ha3aparcH nAH. JIaHAO jaIanvu a4au uaa;-o, <nuj,rau_
    MHlr> nofloJ'raHJrapt'ra a,rareaap r.lAH Ba ycjaHbrg Ke,4r.rurrrAa xajiuar_
    Kap poJ.r ojHagH. JIoHgoH4an 6arura
    ieuir hexyuara laha trx vounr.r,
    xblpAa, caHarxapJ'rapAaH yq rrplop Be yv <<nrj,rauutrru> ronoJ,raH
    ,(axnJl
    :l*'. ], leHx cex,.o t{yMnaAaH qoM[H cexH iapaAu.lau. Vorrana, cexu-
    fla v MHH Haqapa JaxbrH a.aaM aaxr.rr,r wnw. Vxuawt cex 6ojaruu,rapu,
    roxyqyr'rapH 6aruraaapuHsr 6rrp,,rexlAHp pIH; yvyHuyja'uca lapsH-
    _Ba
    ,rep _aa .rropa6un,rap Aaxt{n rrAHJrap.
    ,rlaxus raaH6 xa,runur 1cjauslr,rap jaurajuu Bacrrrc,rapuHAaH Mdh_
    pyM o.rlyJrap. tje,'ra Ktt, uahyA e':vra,rarxaH,aJrapbr.l.cjanriH u,rx x1.u_
    6arraHbrJrMErrr, oH,,ra pbrH cahu6,nopir rrca' raqvbr unbr.r ap.
    *?l_Ttaqa-
    DyHAaH aJlaBa-,- HqapI-InapuHAa xej,rl <nujaanlrHlx> alaMnap onaH
    topnar uy-,tr^xnjjertrurapfl urahapa raxur Karr.rprrJrMac[Hr.r rajaHnup_
    1u,rap. 1378-vu Hr aBrycryu cbunapuuAa, rapxu6nua <nuj.,r6nunui,
    nononaHrapbrH aa aaxfiJt oJrayFy ceHjopujanuu crjacarunAaH Hapasbr
    raraH rro\tnH. 6y hor_vuara rapuru'esyiryu <A,r.,rah alalrrapuuuu
    csr(xn3
    -Myra,rrnocr> a,r,brHbr alur,ru horyuarnur japaruara uah4 xec_
    tapau. horyyarnu eg HHsu6aru opran.lapu ea 6yr{,racrz oJrMa,,rbr HAH.
    ''loMnrl ra,ra6 eAHpAr.r Kr{, <Carxug Myrs.{Iec} npHopJrap capajHHAa
    351

    i -h.
    6apoHnaPblH, Por,ra^{au xeTMmI{HAaH ucrut}a4a eAaH Kona
    An PejeE-
    co o3yHyH 6up rpyn cnnahnu rapa$Aap.napu x.na 6up.nnrAe Poua
    utahep.nlaapunuu xeuejn u-na Ka[ItronnaaKu h_oxyuar 6xuaaapuurr
    ene KeqHpA[. Cenarop.nap, Pou a[aH raq.{Hrap. Pujeuco esyny <aea.u,-
    ,nur, cyah Ba a,(anar rpr.r6yHy, Myraaa,ac Pona xlrnepujaiHHrJH xg-
    racKaprr> e'.nan erau. O, Taxreuean cyperaa 6na4up,qn lrs, hauunl-
    jarx Poua xaJrrH.raMcuJI eAnp, Poua rca pecny6auxa.u,up. 6yuyu.rra
    .U,ao, nanaHbl .lLYHlaBH naKfiMHJJarAaH ManpyM erAlt. tiyHa '{aBa6 ora-
    par flalla ony xaQup B3 rac6Kap e"ran et4n.
    Ko.la Au Pujencouyu haxuunjjarx auruQeo,4a.n xapaKrep rauH-
    iupau: o, 6ytyn 6apoHaapEr pecny6nHKa rapuricbrHAa aug firueje
    Ba e3 raJra.irapbrHLr oHa
    - pec[y6nHKaja
    Pova caxun.napxua tpeo4a.naap
    eepuaja uau6yp erMnur,lH;
    raplIrbrcHHAa aHr fiqMefi Ba ounapbr
    cy3epeH aA,'IaHAupuar jacar onyHMyIIIAy. Bepxt.rap aganAbIJtMbIqr
    xonl-lP nca TaM TaHa3sYn eTMIllu oJaH TH!{apaT Ba caHaTxapJII'IFbIH
    eesHjjarunn j axururaur.qupuaFa joHarAUnMfiuran; sahnA eluy r'ryaj-
    jan eau.ran, ha6era ycryu,4a <,[,orua rpu6ynayr. Pona^ayxjanHH 6au-
    qlrchrabrp> ces,rapn jasu.nutl[r ctlKKa aa Kacunau. O.rxasns aahsA-
    anjuun apsy eaau Ko;ra au Pnjeuco 6yryu Hra.nuja urahaprapnuu
    Hta.nujauun najraxru xnun Por'aa erpaQun,qa 6xp.naurueja qaFbrpaq.
    JIaxuH es apanap[rHAa pera6ar anapaH Bo Mycrer[JrnHKJrapHHIr
    [TnpMaKAeH ropxau uahep pec[y6nHKanapbl Pouaja ra6e oJlMar.a,aff
    trMTr{Ha erar.inap. flrzxep rapatpaan Pnjeucottyll e3y aa "'Ia3bIMx ap,[H-
    lxHJIJtHr Be rarujjar xecrapr'taan. O, Pova ropnaraapuuaa rahxxr*r-
    vu;rux hyryryny caxJraabr ee rujauuu tpeogaa.napu acan.nur.na 6a-
    Fr,runajHpabr. Xa.nr haxuuujjarH [pl.IHcurIH e'aan e4an Kola au Pu-
    jenco dyryx MecaJIeJIep[ rax6aurtrsa ha,ra eruaja 6aur.na.[u. Haruila-
    ]ra o, xarirrn e'ruuaAunu llrnpAu Be Por'ra4a Qeoaal haxuunjjarn
    6apna o.nyx,qy. 1347 -qt u..trgg coHyHAa Koaa Ax Pnjeuco Poua4an
    racMara Mo',r6yp onAy.
    Coupaaap, i354-Cy naaa, o, jeHraaH Pouag,a nejaa g_.rray. Eyla-
    6a o- Pouaia nanasttu eJlqllclr KuMIl KoJIMIIuIAH. flana Kola an Pu-
    ilncoiryn uauhyp.ryrysaan xcrnQaaa eau6 PoMaaa es haxxuHjjeruuu
    '6apna irvaia qaariruilplu. Koai au Pujeuco xalruu r<elr€irt sne
    Je'
    Hx]raH haxui,r[jjerr ana KeqfiPo 6ruan. Jlaxus- o, My3rJry opayny cax-
    raMar yqyE nepxnnu aPrHpaHrna Polra ahaanclr_ ycjana ra,nxAu-
    -saMaHbr
    6v vciair PuieHco suYpYn.4Y. Polra pecny6luxacHHblu MaF-
    .rry6'oauacuuun acaa ce6a6neP[Hgeu 6upu Poua uono.na H.napHnun
    srrrcaau ne cujacr.r 6axHMAaH sanrpaujr.r .u.u,u' Eyxa xspa aa oHJIap
    Qeolaaaapa rapuru nlua,qu vy6apnsa anapMarH 6aolapnaAuaap'
    ' 1378-qi{ r.r,na-e, nana raxru jeuuAan Pouaja xeuypyaaYiY saMag
    tranaHbur haxuuujjarn reKlNa xapuqaa 4eju.rr, .Hraatja-raxllnHHAa .[a
    gaurb.ouaDar raiiraraa [AH. nana haxnuujjernunn Hra.lnja Aaxu-
    nHHie ser;O oJIMacHHa ca6a6 <6ojyx ret[pnre> AeBpY - narra rax-
    rnua 6np ieq" nanants uaaHa er]riju rtlpxuaaux aeBP IIaIr' Janxrfft
    XV ecpun coHy - XVI scplrH aBBanH YqYH [anarap ss aoBrarrapn-
    EHH, XIII ecpAa ane (eqnpAHIUaPH xeHHu apa3ucHH.4A naKf,Uf,Jrar-
    nepIrHH 6epni eAe 6IinaI{JIep. 6y aaluan flanarur o3YHYt{ YMyMaBPo[a
    uri4acunah reoxpartrja uMl{anapHlraau xejnlr AePer{eae er
    qax'u'H'

    354

    3&. -
    flana aesrerr I4ra.nnjauun Qeoaa.r xuj aslurJrapuEraH 6nptrHe, TE-
    paHJrHra rreBpnnup. By rnpaHnbrrhrH 6a[rsucu xaroJluK KHJIcocEttIrE
    6ejua.nxaar cnjacarrHnaH gaha uox es haxuuujjaruun nehxeu.nau-
    4upr'rax, rohyru-arpa6acbrHbr BapnaH,rr,brpMarna MarrFyn }ral.I. HTanIr-
    janrru lrauaQejrsu harauura 03 TeoxpirrHx a,'laHrapbtHa, coHpanaP
    8CA CYJTaJIa csjacarEHa ra6e eaaH flana aesrarE hev uyp Hra;rx-
    jauuu 6nplaur.uBPLIJIMacH MapKa3H, oJIa 6u;rruasnu. !D. Enxeacun rejA
    erAxju xyMfl, nana haxnur.rjjars. hauurua Hra:ltjauuH wam 6np-
    atju jo.nyuaa aHxaJr oJrMytxayp; hapvanl, o re3-re3 6y 6ap,rnjun nir-
    uajan4ecx Krruu qblxhtrrr erMulrrca Aa, JTaKHH o 6yny aH,lar uaneeSr
    Marce,[r{ HJre .[yujeau uy,rx;lap[HH KeHII[rneHAHpMaK Mer-
    - o3yHyHEuxe.rc
    cean uJra ervnurarpr. 4aha coHpa ja3up.(hr: <...apiur lS00-
    !NY. r{rAaH nana, opra6a6 6np xujaa.nur KHMH, s3 uy,rxneplr uta vra-
    ,ujaHbr opraaaH KacMr{rrr Ba oHyu 6upaau4lpHnuecnHr.r, acans.ua, ha-
    jara xerxpu;ruacn MyMKyn onMajaH 6np Hura uenupur.ru4n>.2
    XIII_XV acpnepla Cuvuauja xpaJrnbrFH recop-
    -[IIr]ra
    :::y11,^lf .1y:.[..::-
    r/x{xrlxrlnEn,llrfl|cr* _
    pyOar caherieu at Vti a nii a
    Hesape qapnaqar aape.raia "ino.*"-
    . 13lu1 *Lpo
    Abr. eeoAannarnMa npocecx 6ypa4a aHqrar ""aup_
    XIV
    ocpuH eBBanJ'lepu yrryH raM 6aua qarAll. IIIa-
    hap.rrap (AuaaQn, Heanoa, EapH, Ili.rlefuo), Huc6aran epxan aespaa
    onayFy- r(HMn, ceHorxapnut ucrehca,ru ra jepan 6asap u'apxasaapuu-
    .[eH,u,aha qox EnsaHcaa se JlegaHrra sacuraru rnwaleuiaprasaapr
    r.!Alrnep.

    -E11fy yQ ln*,lrurOy japaHMbrur Qeo,aaa uyHacr6ar.napx-


    HLIH, xycycflna '{aHyOH HranujaAa horupauaur eaau -upcr rahxiu_
    qHnnx nyryryHyH
    vu;rnx hyryrynyH ra
    AaFr,rJlMacbrHhrH rapurbrcErHH anHpAhl. CnuuJ,ja
    .Eep ropnaFa rehxurrr oayruyrrrAynap; oH,rapEr
    Ip-rll_"_1"91 lj"rn cati sa' ja rej,;;;il-;;;;;*;'#. i#ffi;;
    r6pnaraa 6upanraa
    KeHAJtrrJrepH raHyH Ba xpaa rrrahxar.racr uyaaQxe err,rip4n. Onaap
    qeoaana, [axcH acuJrHJrbrr aJraMarH onapa\ eBneHopxeu ra6ux aep_
    xncn Ba rrcrxQaAa erruKnap[ Toprrarbr rpcx xevnpapxau
    - Bepxu eAa-
    jnpau.rap. tDeo,tra.n penracuHbrri ecac
    QopuacH, 6aru.nuua o.napar
    u_ahcy;laa, JlaxrH, Te3-Te3 hau Ae flynJa i.nunax rojvy (calryc) nnn,
    Kasalu u.n.(a 6np nera xyH 6rjapa (anraprja) x6rie.iru Niu. Eyn-
    1an 6aurra, rahxsuau KaHAJrr.rJlap AoBner BepxuJtopr Be xrrrce oB-
    4a6npu nepxp.4x.lep.
    XIII-XV ecpnap.aa
    acprar Cxun.luja KpanruFhr arpap rypyJryuyHyH xy-
    cycajjeru japuuaaa4
    ,IMa3aA sa a3aa xeuArn
    Be asaA (pycrnxlap) xej-
    ra6aracuuus (pyirnx.tr-ap)
    KaHAJrn ra6aracunui
    nn aapeqeao ranMacH nau. heunx KaHArgJrep TaAHMAaH ryBBarJrH
    (aHA rqMarapH
    (aH,4 rqMaraDH hanbrHAa 6upleuunuau.neo. tlox BaXT
    hanrrgaa 6r.rpnouMtrrx,4[nap. saxr ACJI rara.nan
    Ac.n raJraJIap
    ourap ysyH cuFbrHlNaFa qeBpHnupAr.r. Kapxun uy6apnsaHHrr xeAHtrrHH.[e
    oHJrap ceHjop ropnaFbrEAaE cap6acr cypar4a vuxu6 xernar hyryry
    ra3aHMuruAHnap. Ouaap lrlMa o3yHyr{Iapoc}rHr.rn caxraHHJrMacH Ba
    Qeo4a.u es6aurunarruFHHbrB xah4y4raugupuJrMacrr yFpyHAa uy6aprr-
    sa a[apHpALrJrap. Illexcan a3aA KeHAnHJlap n ,quxap huccecn Qeo.qan-

    | Eo,,: K. Maprt u .b. gBatbc, Coq, r 18, crp 572.


    t Jcrg op!,t !.
    23.

    d,,'-- - -': . a
    j eprepae MocKyHJr auMbilr4u.
    i:l:^ :'l-1-.1:. 1i Y
    .
    Ey xau4,rrnap hau un
    MyxranHQ_ ueDrJrapJra, aaareH KysatxTJtfl txoprnapJra, Mac_
    leprapAa
    ::i pl_Tlgp. Ey xaul.nn;rep MyBarrerx aa ja rpiu roprrar nc-
    rlrQaAaqu.repu
    -._11-y (euQurerr,rap) u4unap.
    qa8y6r ltraJtrja,Hr r:Tl.]I,IranHjaHbIH 6axur1a,,,our a j arrapuuAau
    ""::.Y..9: Qaprr n
    orJaor nurlurCs o.napar vary6aa, XIII ecpxH cou.rapuna adrpy,
    xycycxjjatrepr. HIICOATAH TYBBATNU BAhHA OCO,A,AN AEBJIATH --
    Qeo,4a.r 1ssn31rl
    xpaaauru uej4afua xaar,runr4r.r- Iya- -
    .
    9llrll!"
    BarneHMaKAa oJlaH Kpan harnr,lgjjaru 6ypaai, hap uejaeu
    aBBaJr
    oJTKaHHH 6y huccacruaa haxau iirHQrn-6e1yx hrccacnirn
    ra[Knn
    eAeE xbrpAa ea opra Qeo4a;rnapa pbrrcapnapa apxa.nanupau. On,,ra_
    !y1,..::iy li"l!'rrrHr rerrrapr ,ra 6xp6arra KpaJrrra enaraAap rtrnnap
    haxrMujjernHHH MoBrrya onMacHHu uox tcrajupaa,rap;
    ,"._IY:II Il.S{ oHnapbr xpl{
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    365
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    368

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    369
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    Ea.neap a,ra,rapr,r (XIII acp), Cxuraaja ( 1302), CapauHxla (1324')
    ga Heanoa xpa"r.nuruuuu (1442) 6upreu,a,apr.n uacn HerHqacHEAe
    . AparoH Kpat'r,rbIrbl KYqlny aaHH3,4oB"rarnHa qeBplrJ't Mnrxar.I.
    ' r,p'v'u"1"'
    ,

    Tl,'#',+i;lI#:fi;XX?:,{;ll;t}}iJ',lJJ,-#iX:
    '4ar Kacrx,rxjauuu rcpxr.r6 hiciacr 6ar,ryuay.
    'sypauuir
    iajacu'aa
    cocxa;r uuxnlraQu 6up vox qahar,(en I(acrr.rauja u.na ejnn nau. XII
    ecpnH opranapbrnaa flopryra,laja Kpannapu rarl onapar Jlcou-Kac-
    rnnuja uonapxujacuu4au ajpuun"rap. Oraap nanausru Baccarnhr-
    runu ra6y.n erAlr,,Iap Be oHa H,'IJIl.lK ceH3 oraMajx eh.4a,rapnua a.n.4u-
    aap. Eyua qox qaharrau eJ'rKeHr.rH orjacr.r hajamrHaa KITJTcaHHH o,'rayr-
    {a 6ejyx ahar*rujjara MaJ'rHK oJ'IMacbl ruapa[r japarMblurau. 5ypa4a
    pyhanx-ueHxanep .uaunjjeruapu, o trryMJraaeH Aauc opaext, 6ejyx Hy-
    $ye rasanuuui4u,rap. Ouaap Pexonrncraga rrryhyu po.rI ojnaultu ae
    haunu hapaxaruH Kear.rur{HAa 6ejyx ropnar Myr'rxnepl ryrMyurAynap.
    Manpaapaan ropnarnapbrH KepH ar'IL{HMacH Ba MacKyHra[rabapblJlxa-
    cblH.u,a, haMquHnH a3aa KaHAJIHJIap aa HurHpaK etuxur4uaap- Syta
    xepa aa, Kacrx.nuja4a oJr,rlyFy xt.IMH flopryra,rr.rj a4a aa Qeoaarnap,
    r(HJTca Bo pyhaxn-uauxaaap uauujjar,rapruxH i.rpx ropfiar Myrxrapn
    u.ta jauauru xej,rx urahap Be cap6acr KaHAnE I-rqMaJ'IapbI Aa Bapabr.
    heuuu uahap Ba KaHA [qMarapbIHHH hyryrn oasnjjaru Kacru,rlrja
    gyepoc.napuua 6aHsap <Qopaxur>.napaa rac6rr onyHMyxIAy.
    - XIII acpaa flopryrannja urahap.napn raparrn eaup. O.nxeuuH Hs-
    xr.rJrrapa, Opauca ea Olan,u,pujaaaH Apaaur aaursuue KeaeH rHqa-
    par jo.nrapuuun ycryuAa onMacbl 6yua uuxau japaruuurlu. Hopry-
    ia.n auui .[eHriscahurx u-rahapaapu lltlapxclrHAa JIxcca6os ]aha 60-
    jvx S,havnijar xac6 e4rp,u.u. hauxu uahap XIII acpax opra.lapbIHAa
    eaxeHsr najraxru Kor.ru6pa aBe3HHAa o.n4y ra Asponanun au 6ejyx
    ru.rapar uapxas.nepuuaau 6xpuua qeBpHJIAI.l. lllahapaap, xax ues6era
    pyhain, ha6e.na ayxjaen rleoaa.nnapHH MapKa3.nax ajpu.rlrua uej.l.na-
    lina rapuu rax6aiek uy6apnse4a xpaa haxaurjjaruHfifl aajaFbl Ira[-
    -XIII
    nep.
    ecpnu opraJlaprrHra uaHy6aa Alrapeu sl,rajerrltuu asaL
    eAr{nMacn Iiaa fl6pryraialaaa pexoHKncra, ecaceH 6aua qarr,H. JIa-
    'Arppuxa
    rrs XIV ecpaa [Inl*raau raj$a'uaPH enKaHI.lH uaay6.sula-
    jar.repuua a'arpa;rap.tla 6acmrlr erau,rap. Ourapa rapull,I MY6apu3a
    xar,auiypaurasrprtlauun, ha6e.ne g,anaevulttilH- lluxlruaQuua KoMaK er-
    an. I1rif ryraril anbIJIapbIH H,lKlIoFPaQH xauQaapu,u,a 6yxyuna alare-
    370
    Aprrr XIV acpAa, nopryrantrjanunapHH f,nK qoFpaQH r€urQ-
    .Iaplrbrp-
    Jrepr Harnqerr{HAo flopryranflia MycraMJtaKe nMnep}rjacbr japannaea
    6au,rajup. Ey xuneprjaHuH hyryA,,rapH, XV acpaa, aprui, ajauu
    ,cypaTAs He3apa qapII],rp.
    (par haxr rlJ.rr
    traprtxcflt. r l l
    acpnepae . cEJtBf uoEspxEJa.[8p Japa.
    ^l -Ar
    Hbrp. Kpan hafiHMfijjarHHf, ajpH-ajpEr cnnK Hy-
    uajaxae.nepxHxu juruuvar,rap.u i,iahayiraauraupup-
    ,1b1. I lapnaMeHrAa clr,rKJIap -.nap,nCr,renuap
    ajpu-ajpu.luraa tvaac e.4upflu.rap. Kac.
    :r,rnja nap,raueHrrH-EH yq [aJraracH eapau: pyhanrlap, saAaxafl-
    ,rap aa ruahep.nap. XV acpuH asna,r.rapuiaax urehaplaprn uyuajen-
    ..(anapH, 6a'3aH KaHA-r.rqMarapbruuu nyuajaula;lapH Hne 6up,rux4a
    rqnac. eA[p.{unap. Ey l(acrl.laja.. nap,rauexrunnu xycy;fijjarr,r
    x4x._Aparou napnaMeHrriHuH xycyirjjarr' uca 6ysras fi;apai'nlw
    KIr,6ypaAa xhlpA-a Ba opra saAar(aHJrap upn Qeolaa,rapAaH a'jpbr l.tr{-
    JIac e.4upaunop. Aparonaa rapJraMeHrltH aapA [anaracbr BapaH: anrl
    e'janna.p, ]fp.ua aa opra saaaianrap, pyhaHHrap aa ruahapaip. flop.
    ryraauja, Karaaonnja oa Baaencujala 4a napaaueuraap rapau. nair-
    rraMeHr MoHapxHja haxllurjjarrnr.rn QaaanjjaruHu Mahryruaultlptrrp,
    BepKHnaptl cecBepMaaaH xeq[pHp, Taxr_Taq eapacanjxHaH uy6ahn-
    canl I{acanenopunu ha,rr eAup, Aaxung oa iapr.ruri cliacaia rs'_
    €Hp Kecrapfipar. K MapKc kecrspxpal xH, flaieuej japfuuaaacus_
    .qaKbr KpannHrJrap QopMa,tauapKau xpa.n haxuv{larriuir ilah.ayaaaur-
    AHpMar yqyH oJrBepttujnH urapaur Bapabr: <Eup rapee.lau, apa6;lepa
    tuy6apusa spsHHAe apa3HHr.rn xxiax hnciaiapu ij-
    l:llx-T
    pbr-aJpbrI3_y-1cYp-lH
    BaxrJrapAa Kepfl aJrhrHMbrrx Ba enahua(e KparnHfJrapa qeB-
    pHnMI{uII{. By vy6apueauuu xeIfluHHAe xa,rr ranyu.napu Ba aAer-
    rapH japaunpau. Bar.nn,,ra onapar 3aaaxaH,rrapuu [ra.lari Keqr.rpArrK_
    Jropu raaprrlrne HcJr-rna oHJrapbrH tyaparnHrr- eesrar'aae Aapaqaaa ap-
    rupaH, 6yxylr.na 6up sauau4a r.rca KpanErH haxrurjjartnx 6auqaarair.
    {nxap r,apaQaaH, 6nxa aaxHJ,lr.tHAaK; jauajbruruarraraaapn u" ua_
    hap,nap 6ejyx ehar',rHjjar Kac6 erAr.r, vyura' aha.nu ruehxau'aaxlrpxa-
    unu jep.napaa 6upxa uacxau caJrMaFa aa opaaa MaBpnaphrH apaMcH3
    nyqyMrapbrHAaH ropyHMaFa uau6yp t4ll; ejHx saMaHra Hcnauuja.qa
    aasxjjar japuuaAa Aa onAyry KHMI Ba llpooaucaa, klra,rrlria wrc
    r{yHTa3aM eJaronap cahrla 6ojyx,4a 6apun,lr Aapaqeng AeHyicahnflH
    T1r1g1] uahaprapunuu MejAaHa KenMaorua ca6e6 onAy. Aprbrr XIV
    JY3HnnflKAa uahapraprrH HyMajeHlenap[ napnaMeHrnap[H eH ryapeT-
    Jrlr nHccacnHH TauKHn ellupAflnap; napJlaMeHTrapr rapxu6ana, harr.rrn-
    HlrH pyhaHanapHH Ba 3aAoxaHnapHH aA HyMajaHAo,rap[ Iaxlt, flI[-
    -,reP ).r

    CruQr ry6apnsanrx
    I,|.ctamtj a AoBJrarnaprHAo aMrae nyJr uyuacu6ar-
    IilcttItJtoIIIxactl. nePf,HRE nHXHlnaoEI HaTHlraCnHAa acUau Qeo,qaa
    KaEIJrHnapgHrrH lrcrHcMapbr ryBBarneHAH. A3aA
    KeHAJIH.{ap Aa 03 y3apnapriHAa ceHjop,,lapbrH haxuuujjaruun qox hucc
    g4IPrrl:19p Kacrx"rnja.qa rojyHqyryFyH xnxnrraQu Herxlrecr.rHAa
    XIV-XV acpJrep.qa ranaan ropnarrapr,r Kyr,'raBr.r cyparAa orarJrapa
    I K. laprc u <b. 3Aeetuc, cos, r 10, crp. 429.
    24.
    ':i' qeBprnAn Eyryu 6ya;rap Kacrnauja xaH,[fiHAe cnxQx uy6aptaanu xac-
    .1. - xns,raruaxpan. Ey uy6apneanu Qeo,qa.n.nap,ra urehap.rr.nap apacrrHAa-
    .. xH MyHarHua,rep oa Qeo4aa,,IapbrH o3yHyH haxxrvrajjar yFpyHAa My-
    r' 6apnsecu uypaxra6ireuarpnp4u.
    Kacrurnjaaa (epMaHAxHoc.nap > (rapaau.nap) ycjaHbr xycycnne
    ., uauhyp nAr. heurx ycjanu hexyr'ler 1437-qz xtl.o jarupau. XIV-
    -- XV acpaapaa Ea.neap a4a,lapuHAa KaHAnfl ycjaa.rapsr 6aur nep-
    - . uxllrAlr. Eypa.u,a ravup.laplrH 3ynM erax xaapx urehap joxcy,r,rapu
    _r KaHAnflaepa rouyn Myu,nyr'Iap.
    .. XV acpuH 6fip Heqo oH rlrnIlju apsnnae Kara.noHuja xycycr.ure rlHaa-
    ;-- nbr Ba (yrJreB[ KaHAnH haparar.napn MejaaHbt uga. Eypa,qa, reja onyH-
    ). ayFy KHMU, KOHAJTHIapHH Ba3Xjjern xYcycxne aFhIp HAH. Kara.nouja
    i TohxuMJ naptr [qapr{cHHAe hapaxar XV acpl'IH aBBarflHAa 6aunaH-
    nuuAu. KasAanJ'Iap rrraxcu acblJIbIJIbIFbIH Ba <IrjpeH',I rajaa,rap>ur
    : roFB onyHMacusu ra.na6 ear.IpArnap. 1462*1472-qu un,lapra Kara-
    . aouujauun ur.IMaJIbIHAa ac,'I KaHAr'II{ uyhapn6ecx ranxabl.- Asroplar-
    .

    ' rH Ba rop[arcbl3 a3aA KaHAnHnap 4.a ycjana TaJIXMIIIII rahrnu,ru,rapa


    ' Fouynaynap. Ouaap ropnar,rapun jenr,a,ax 6eayuraypyluacxsu reaa6
    Er:
    eAlrpAunap. Ycjau xuQajar re.nep MYTSIUaKKHI xapaKTep anabl: oHylr
    Hrur[paKqrJnaphr hap6u g,acra,rapa 6e.nynuyuray.nap; ycjau nurrapax-
    vulapuuaau hap6r.r ehrujau,rap YqYH Bacanr ronaanunupau. Ycjax-
    -n.a,a,rro
    uu.naia joxcy;r BepHra.ljar 6aurvunur ealr-palr. KararoHuja
    a'janrapir sa uahap,rapu ,le AYUMaHqI{JIux e.lax Aparox xpa,ru II
    Xlan ycjaxaau ea t'rarCaansa Haltr onMar Y'rYH ncrfi,Qaaa--ernu. Bep-
    riajar'n'a oHyH KaHA.'rH opaycyHyH xot'lajn x,ra I_I Xyau Kara.nouuja
    ygeifiHaa ea haxnuujjarnuu uehxeu"lau4rlp4x. Eynyr MYra6I{JIl{H,lle
    Bepuraajar 3eHxIlH ropflar MYrKJrapu Ba BI'lKoHr ar.bl a,laH, KaHAJIH-
    aaln uci 6e'3r.r.Iy3H Ky3euranop,ra ca K[rJ'Ieu,[,HpAx. ,rlarun 6y xy-
    SeuTnapu ae, tlox KeqMeAoH, napJ'IaMeHT JIeFB eTAr't.
    1484-uy u.naa KaranoHrjaAa xanllx fleapo Xyau Caaauuu pah-
    6epanju ujra jeur.r xy',r.ny xai,qr[ ycjauu 6au. aepal. hexyuar rouyH-
    ,,apuirn ycjin.ru,ra-pa iapuu hap6n auarrjjaru yFypcy3 onay.-Eerla
    Ku, acxaprep KaHAJIHnapa rapurn heraccus qblxblu eanpal{Jlep. CaJla-
    uun ecnp a,ruslr.racu la e'4au o,'lyHMacbl hapaxaru .u,ajaH,u,btpMaJlH.
    1486-',rbr Hrae hexyuar ycjaH,ru,rap"la caslura xxpt'laja sa Kara-{oH},ja
    KaHAntrnap HHH Ixaxcu acEIJIHJ'IrIFIIHH JIaFB eruaja-vav6yp oJl,ly KH'
    6v aa.Igaaaayna sacuhatu>-tlaa rac6xt o.nyuay. <Hjpaxu raj:a,lap>
    rers o.nyn,ny. JIaxan 6y rajaa,rapuH, aeMsK o,'Iap, haUUCu uyra6u-
    JItrHAa KaHAJIHJIapaaH qoxny eaoHq arHH,ubI. Kana,ru.nap uexcaH a3aa
    onaynap. Onnap- as raPnaHeH KorYpY6 Qeoaal rop-
    -aMJlaKrapHHbl
    [aF;rflAaH Keaa 6Hnap,u,Hnep. Jlaxxu oHnaPbIH flcrHQaAecHHAJ onaH
    Topflar najnaPbI, sBBanKH xlur, cenlop,lapun uy'rxnjjaruttaa raJblp-
    ari sa 6yiyr Myra6unnHAa oHnapaaH Qeoaaa penracu anblHblpabl'
    caxflaHblJl-
    Ku,rca xejptxa anHHaH BepKfiJlap raMaM[na onayFy KfiMII
    . AH.
    Beaa.nHx.ne, opra acp xang,rn ycjau.napunnu 6ojyx axcepujjaur-
    AaH Qaprnfl o,rapar,
    'h"pnb"i"pn, XV acpAe Hcnaunjaaa 6aur sepuuur KaHAIII MY-
    rucraau ,u.a o.rIci, r,rynarprlaiujjar rasanAunap' CHurpa
    uy-

    :--=**i:::.eI|sJ::.:
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    KacrnalJa ro
    Aparo,tlnl 9ATA APX.AJAHAH, AAHH3 THqAPATNHAAE EJIIA OJIYH-
    _
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    1479-,,ry_r.'raa Aparou na Kacruruja ap-apBaa _ Aparoaay <Dep_


    AHHaHAJTa {acrr.rrjaru I4sa6ernaHbrH trixairlullirn arir"iaa gat rra
    i:r.-r,:llr_
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    ylcflaP,AjaAa xpa,r
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    P1uapha,ra,rap,u,au ii
    xp a,r haxnutjjerx_
    h a xn u r j jerx _
    6xpH o,ray. zpr qeiiai.r_
    napbrH ryAparnHuH
    ryaparnHHH CapcH,lIbUMacrJHAa
    capcH,tIbtJrMacIJHAa Kpan -rrr:h.^_
    KDan haxsuri
    uujjarlHa
    iaraga uahap-
    JIap xoMaK e,(upannap. 1480-,lhr uraa I(airn.nuja ,rrhiiprip,, u. upa_
    J'IapbrHIa firrnQar-<MyroaAac epMaHraAa, 6lrlaaujap.' Sy rri"_
    Qar Qeoaa;raapa rapuu uy6apaea yqyH os Mur'trcnflH jipariu. JIa_
    KHH uahapnapuH hap6g ryBBacHHAeH
    eeoAaJnapbr vn.noo.la^.rar yuyu
    ucrl,lQaae e,u,aH Kpan haxrrrrrj jarH raa'paq.ra
    l,,jhap,,rapng rrr"prrn,
    rir hyryryHy asanaHp.lH. I(r,rca, xycycax l4g0_qr n,tair Hcnaiujam
    rar6rr o.ryuuara 6aunajan xHxaNsaiuja.[a Kpan haxxlrniliruna uox
    6ojyr xeuax er4r.r-
    Kuaca aaejhrne o,ran hap uyp rapu."rrapa rapuu uy6apraa ana_
    paH rinKBrsucr.rja, 6ynyu.na, MsBrlya rypynyxra rapuu iiap ,r_
    rr.rMalr Ba cajacu uyxa,rrQarx .4a 4aQ eruaur o.ryiay. Mapxcuu "yp ae_
    .{l-IJH KflMIl, ncnaH laAa <txxustcuja cajacuuaa xu.lca uyrnarrjja_
    rlrg aJuHAa aH capcbrJrMa3 arara r{eBplrJr.B.H rr. Hcnaruja rnxixaxcija_
    cuwa 6upnuvr.r onapar raa.u,ap Toprgir,raaa 6aurquaui erau xH, oHyrr
    aahr raltrapnbrr ua'Hacun4a yMyMH HCUMA qeBpIlrAH.
    Olxasun raxrrJtt HAe MaBreJraprrHH ruehxauaaxlrpax flcrraH I(paJr-
    aapu sap6auu fpauaaa aurp.rnjxHa
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    Hcnannjaaaxu
    uyhapn6e.tas conpa,
    tcyz-ttv JrI t paHa[a recnflM o,'rAy. l paHalaHHH cyryry u.na 6yryn
    flxpeuej j apur'aaaacu, flo-pryra,rr j a'ucrucna eau,ruaxnS, r"nun npur-
    J'rapr,rHbrH anuHa Keq.a,H. Masp,rap fpaHa4auu, oHnaptrH aa jehyau_
    naPHH MYJTI(HJJaTnap[ Ba aHHH a3aanHrnapHHbrH caxnaHhl,rMacbl uap_
    TH HJa racJrHM er,u, nap. JIaxxx 6y Ba'Arepa ana.n o.nyuualu. Ta'rx6
    onyHaH MycanMax,rap 6up cbrpa ycjaHnap ranabrprHrap. Ou.nap axu
    jonaaH 6upNxr.r ceqMaK Mar{6ypfijjaru rapu:ucsriaa ia.,rau,rrap: ja
    xpncrr.raHrrbrFbt ra6y.n erua.tn, ja l,a Actatsjarr,r repK erMeJrlr HAH-
    aap. O-nxaxxu v-auy6yn4a jaruijau ruycaartraiaapuu ia jahyaraapnx
    6ojyr hnccacu A4prxaja xoqaf. Ee.na.nr.rx,ra, oaxaHun uirncaas rn-
    I K. Moprc u O. e\ee,xbc. Cor, r. 10, crp 429.

    . .rttiiii**r-j .:: .,- ..


    qox hnc-
    ?: nnuaquu4a uyhyu poa ojnajan ravnp-cararrap ahaancnunx
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    6aprapap o,ryp. l4pn Qeo.uaaaap cxjaot uycrara n''lHKnepuHtt HrHPltP'


    caia i ' a"ia,u;ri'orrx
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    GKAHAU HABtlJA eJIKaJIOPI XI-XV eCPJIaPIe

    Anrux 4lxjauuu ra'cup AalpaclHAen


    -Qeoaar KaHaple
    9.glT:llf nuxuruaQ erMur.u Ba jirxun ranlrjlar_
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    IaT IaBaM eT,4,H. UKaHAflHaBHJaAa epKeH QeoAaIusu aerpy XII-XIII
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    r"ri{uaH. (Hopsev rca 6yn.rapuu yuyuujjaraa na o.niyFyuy 6li,ruup-
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    sa slc6arat nrahaya raa; Baccal.nur uyHaca6ar,rapr (Qeoaa,,r lrj-ep-
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    Mar YqYH anBepHunH uIoPalIT Bap HAH; o3y,4e eKHHqI{nnK onAyrrixa :-;
    auraru caanjja,aa rAE. MarAapnbrr 6ojyK pon ojHajupau; meuraanr I
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    jajuauara 6aurla.[u.
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    MaJraapnap, oBqyrap se 6aaunrsrnap ulnaap.
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    .u,bIIAa oHyH rapKr.r6[HAaH ajpu,naH oaptrx aHrenJp ropnar caha.napr.r_
    ' He cep6ecr cepaHqaM repuax hyryry e,raa erruaar,rap: HdcHJr ysBJta_
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    6aura jep.nap 6yryn rrlaha,r aha,rucr.rHlH yuyrar.r uyaxujjarnHAa ranbrp-
    Abr Be <yMyMt,t My,'tKJrap> (alr,leuaa,rap) aAJtaEbrpAbrJ'rap. Cxau4rHh-
    ,anja uapaurtrle caHuonn
    ',raMfljjar H reuaKKyny naHK KeAnpAH.
    Jepru esyuyu,4ape opxirgnapu
    -- 6oxrlapus
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    ,oHnaPa HcrhQaaa yqyH ropnar caha,lap[ BepHpaHnap. oxruuu.nujrH
    :trryhyu po;r ojna4uru JyrlaH4lrja japuualacuula sa CxoHeAa r,ryrxa-
    ' .Aapnapa Mexcyc oKHHnepH oJ,raH MyJrKrap MejAaHa KanrpAr.r.
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    ptI 6y npocecH cYp'arrraHAxpHpari.
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    ejuu garr.raxaa cHj acn 6[pnHjHH acacJlapht rojynypry.,Il,auuuapxala
    6y npocec hera VIII acp,u,a 6au,'IaHMbILx, X ecpHH HKHHT{H japHcbtH-
    4a Kojxos hapar4 (rarp. 950-rarp. 986) xpa,r haxuuujjaruxx xej-
    ax uehxau.nes,&r.rpMnrxaH. Kouyur Kesa.ncaqnbl hapanA IX ecpHH co-
    Hyu.4a Hopae,run 6r.rp rox rajQa MahanHHbt e3YHAeH acbrnH hana
    cata 6utau. XI acpnu eBBaJIrepHHAa Hopaeurn 6up.naru,4apruuacu,
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    i-;.. ' raaap MohxeM o,r Ma,?I,bL Kpaa Oaa'rf hapaaaccon ( 1016-1028) orie-
    €-.- aeH roByray ao ycjana raJlxMbltx_ K0HATHJIaP Be -A'jaH,lapa rapuH
    MY6apI'I3eaa he,rax o.n1y. Hopaeu .Il,annuapra u.na Hnxn.nrapeHtr 6I-Ip-
    rarualpuru.r .Il,anruapxa xpa,ru Knyryn (1018-1035) KeHHIx epa'
    rapxx6lxa laxHn eAUJIAH.
    3HJrr.r, JTaKHH UehXaU O.nUajaU d.eB,rarl,lHI.IH
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    paQnHa ronnauAHr,[aH coHpa jarupu,rau.
    Hopaeu4a xpaa haxuuujjaru XIII acpaa xpaa Marnyc fanynn-
    HrrH 3aMaHbIHAa uehxau;ran4u. O, 1274-wy HnAa 6trpHHl[H yMyn-
    Hopeev hyryr roruycy haxup.rrarAhr KH, 6y la rutajat raHyuaMone:
    pflI{fl oBa3 erAx. JepnH uAapa optaHJrapHHa KpanAaF acErnhr Topnar
    cahx6,rapx-xparHH BaccaJrJrapH 6arrrqbr.ltHr erMeja 6a narHnap.
    Kauaanrap cnjacn hajaraa [urnpax erMeK,[aH reHap onyHAynap.
    Syxyn.na 6eaa, xnace Ba ayHjaBn rop[ar cahn6napn Hopseu 6on,4.la-
    pbrHbr tuexc[ agaarHrnapHH ranLrrJIapHHAaH TaMaur.rna rtahpylt eAt
    6naua,quaep. Hopneqaa ceujopnyr, BaccanJrbrr na rpeoltaa njepapxuja'
    cr,r cucreMrr, HMMyHflrer Be BorrrlrHa MehKaMecH xuun rypyuaap japau-
    vaau. OxuuejapapJlbr ropIIaHIapHH a3 on.(yFy Ba xymp rHnnfl Mec-
    KaHnapnH ycryHnyr( ra[xHn er.U.rj[ ruapaET]Ia 6Hiap t,EI(HuaO erMa-
    Ar.r; Kpan cyJraJrecuHe Mexcyc recappyQar KnqrrK rrAE. Mahcyrr peH-
    Tacbl YcryH rrIH. KoHAnunep, 6aruaru,ra orapar, .qoBneT xejpHHa Mv-
    xaaaaQrjjarlap Eqpa eanprunap.
    Hopncvae Qeo4a.rrsu sarQ uHxruaQ erMurfl.au; 6aura Cxanln-
    uaruja e.rra,rapuua suc6areu uca,(aha eauQ uuxuuarp erMHrxAlr.
    Hcseqre ra 03 xycycH ropnaFbr orMajaH rop-
    HcBe,rle
    nar ncruQaAaqu.napu ra6areqr ralplrl{na aprca
    $corarreMnll
    rEItEa0lL ra, nps roprrar cah[6napr{HAaH acblnu ha.na
    ayuMaMHu KaHAnuJraPHH caju ha.re qox r.rarr-
    Kpa:r haruuujjarnsus uehKeuaaHAllprrMectr yFpyHra MY6aPH3aHHI;
    sa OHHraHalriaHuH XII ecp,qar 6au.nanuuru UUTPaJILIHrIH xeaHuIrHA]
    rynnyrqy cn.rirn japaxau. Jep.nr-r e'jaunap au;lajetnepur e,rahuaae
    raanjjeraa raJrMacblltbl Ba I(pan haxnurjjerurun ceqKlinu oJIMacbrHbt
    caxaixara cahA KocrapAlrnapco aa ttlaray6xjjere yrPaaHJlap. Apa
    uyhapn6aaapn AoBpyHAa xpaJIJTHFHH hexuaapu aa jurua rouytl
    879
    6aulrbrcbrHr,rH japlux rueereju uohxaunasau. Jap.n Eupxep <Dun-
    .,laHAnjaja rapubr - xaq jypyuyHe (1249-1250\ 6aiuqu,rdr erarr Ba
    oHyH rap6 au"rajcr,repnuu acunu ha.la carAbr. KHncaHHH xsMej[ uno
    o-e3 oFnyHy raxra qbrxaprAbr sa jeaa cy.na.naxuH acacbrHtr rojay (1250).
    Kpa.,r haxuunjjarrsun r'rohxauaeHMacfl sJla 6up tauaw,i Hiseqae
    Aa,[,atlMll BepKHJrep rar6llr o,ryug,y sa 6ou4.tapuH sasujlarn nficJ,rotx-
    au. XIII acpnH r.rKHHrrrH japbrcHHtra Hcaeu Qeoaal.napsi'- Qpe,rc,rap
    .rarn orapar haxnu cu,rxa venpx,rln,rep. On.nap cyBaplr !{oHKaBap
    h_ap6u xlr.tuarr KocrapHp Ba Bepxfi eaaMaxaaH a3aA eaunHpar{nap.
    Hcnev Qeola,r,rapuuuu Pyc rop[arnapHHa coxyJlMar sa HeaaHbru
    Itanca6guu aJIe KequpMaK ',rahAl.i oHJrapHx AapMaraFHH eaHJlMacH l-rJre
    ( 1240-,,ru lra Hesa sypyurrr.racu) coua jer,qx.

    - XII acp 6ojy ,Il,aHnuapra.u,a Aa apa Myhapu6a-


    +illllf]g! rapu dau ',i"p,in. laiun. rpa.u ' Biaier'rap
    I
    ( I i57-l 182),^ aprHr, parH6n;pnH,. aparaH raJ,r-
    T,'fiflX"#-f Asrpbr6 Kfirca HJrs r.iTTr{Qar 6ar.najapar ee ha-
    xurrrnjjarnHu uohrau;lau4I.lpt.txul.qx. ,II,axuIraapxa,(a KI'IJICaHITH aoBnar
    aruaapuna re'cupr.r uox 6ejyx r.r4n. PyhaHu.lrep KpanaaH roxyHyJIMas-
    .rur r.rurnjas.lapbr anMHlxabtnap Ba Qeoaan uyxacu6araapnanu rau-
    'TaHacHHa qox KsMaK eanpari,lap. 6au:ra CxastruttaBHja oIKanepLIHo
    snc6ares .U.auuuapra lap6u AsponanuH IlHKHuaQ ertluru Qeoaa,r
    AoBnarnapflHrrH ra'cupxne Aaha qox Ma'py3 ranblpaH.
    XII aipxH HKr.rH.rH japbtcblHAaH 6aunajapar flauxr'aapxaaa opra
    3a xbrpaa Qeo.l,a.n ropnar cahx6aap},Isaax x6apar uauxanap ron-IyHy
    japagbubrp. hauun opra Ba xblpaa Qeoaa,r topnar cahu6lapu hap6x
    xu,ql'{er Myra6flr HAa BepxunapaaH a3aa e,u,HJIIlpan,'IaP. Hurujas.lu
    ryJ'rnyrqy a'jaruap ctlnKu Kpan haxur'lujiarunuH 3gag aajaruHa, 6oH,u,-
    Jrap lrce es auajr xra 6y csnKn caxJlaMarbl olalt cunQa qeBp[JI-Hp-
    a,u,rap. Korau 6auru arslsau aFbIp ropnar aepxucH rojy.nuacu 1250-
    .ru H.,raa xpaa I Epaxa rap[Ibt KaHAJII ycjauu ra.nxuacusa ca6a6
    onay. haMr{H ycjan <xoran renuK-rypylxy> aAJIaHbIpar,I.
    .Il,auuuapxa Qeoaa.n.rapu c,rasjaH llolropjecl'Ina rapubl coH repa-
    4le aMaHcH3 xau jypyu.rapu eanpal.lJ'Iap. Eaarlx c.naajan"rapbl acapar
    anruHa canbIHAbInap Be 3op,la xaq cyjyua uarxala.lap (xp,tcrnau-
    Jrauabrpbrnabrnap ) . AaH[MapKaHHH ecrJlepa, ra puu uyhapN-6-9cz- sa'
    *naru Hapra sa'iarrutr pajoH.napu acu.lu ha,ra car'IblHAH (XIV ac-
    plrH opra;apbrHAa 6y jep.nap Teerou uauujjaruua. catu.rlasl). Aasn-
    'ruap*a'npa,'l,rapu Arr'la'nlllaaa t,tMaeparop haxuuujjarlHllx sauQ'nat'la-
    curiaan ilcru6iae eAH6 IIIlrManH A,l t'l-auu ja,u,a HIxFanJIap hajara- xe-
    ,noa^n.0. ll'Ba;Iaeuap (1202-1241\ hoaurrruuja, hau6ypr sa 6au-
    ra'eDa3;,'IaDlr esvxa era[. JIY6eK oHyu hxuajacn aJITHHAa [AI{'
    "i6"
    .flr*ii", ,oi oann a4an, IlJruaut A.nruannja uahap.lt-ap.ll aa .l|xruap-
    rrreH KaHAnHJIapEuun Ba.n4euapu MaF,'ly6 erMac[ ( 1227) HarN"IacHHaa'
    reMaK onap, 6YrYH 6y jeplep urupu.naH.
    rrlaruujjarln Qeo4a,raauuacu npoceqr XIII 5CDIIH EBBAJIIIHE AIIA
    baan n.nri'jasuja aJIHHMbItu gannuapxa hyryr roniy,napung,a sa,ll.a'
    nuuapxauuu Ii BaaaeuaP 3aMaI{bIHAa raprH6 onyHMyrlr Topnar T3c-
    BT.IpHHAO 03 oKCUHI'I TanAbI.
    380

    b.* - Jre;-:-::-- - ---, - -


    , -.-;*'
    H:[:ffi?# Strxxxr,,llJiJ,'Tj11f##T3l5dl61,,"7
    (oypxlprap). qox.AaBaMJbI onuacu ruahapaapnu ir]:c6sren
    3eu(p onMacbrHra e3yny KecrapAr{. Bnxunr jy-
    !I_r_19p, JloBpyHAa 6ojyx ojnajau rrvapar r,rapxasaapu X_i(I
    €cp,,Iapae -po,rr
    raHes3yJr er.ur. Ara',r HgH, ays rcrehca.rir, ueri;r.rypxria,
    roxyqyJyr sa 6aura ceHarnap, 6atrrau,{a orupra, ,i"rar, ,,"ancr
    caanjjacaula rarrMbuxAbr. lllahip cauarxaprrpoi i, ,iailip.
    A_rrii
    elMu-y{xi xasa iep,r'aprsaa ny,r iasup 6rp
    l!_Y'Pil 331,0 xHKHtuaQMy6a.[Hne ysyH aoeir ai:asaa 'aaiaru
    H"^l_ ill ^"" - Irrypan erar.r.
    roxyH Myrx. 6,.19-_11qru uahya ea 6arura auraa.rap
    ::1rj:il:, _"-i{1.
    Myo.ail.xna BacHracH pony ojHaj HpAbr.
    XII acpHH trxxvx japucuHah ea Xlll acpAa
    qaparuH nuxnruaQunaa 6a'aa ruysaeQaru jjai.lapceHaTKaprHr. Ba Tr-
    qH TLtlIapaT xycyc[ne xeHUIrJIaH,[.a:6anbrt,
    .r.uro'r-'a". X"pr-
    xa3 ea Aapu I,Ixpa.,rbr apr_
    .qu. Hopne,rla Eepxea, lorlana aaacbrHAa aficoyl iKo;eia ,rgeuJr
    a pKanap IIIU ua.rx Aspon a ru ua painr.o"
    -pfr
    I:.::tyl_",I _ir_p''t ii-t v"
    oJ HalbrpabrJ,tap.
    5up cupa .Il,aHuuapxa sa Hcgeq urahapaapr xpan xaprHjanapbr
    ljl."^T{i{3t: nluan xapraja,ra.p 6y urahip.r5pa drua,r ir"tirp liy_
    ryry caJaFbr rHcMaH e3yHyfirapa hyryry Bepupr[nap. Ey saMaH Croi-
    noJrM xparflJra;r.rp. JIaKBH HrrHcaAr 6axrrulau satQ 6yfxep"rap criacr
    t:i:rll yylt" pon ojHaMHpabuap. ycraaux, xlri n.iriru-5firurrpu*r.
    IaH LKaHAHHaBHJa rt,tqaparHHAa, 6axru,lbrqa oaapar, ,rly6ex ea poc-
    ToK.[aH oJraH aap,ru haHsa raqupndpr xeralx,.re'4aha riepxau.,ra jep
    TyrMaFa 6au,rajup,rap. Ou,rap 6a.nur, Manaapnbrr sa ui'aaH ubti_
    cyJlnapH r.rxpaqbrHH 03. anJrapuHa KequpMuuu.Hnap. Xlll acpaau e,rn_
    oapeH AaMllp Ba Mflc 0llnu3x jararrapbrHbrH xej,rfl KeHtlu ruurjac.u,a
    HcrucMapbrHa 6aurlauu.rruuur_Hcseqaa arMa x ciha6xapaapu haxlrr,l
    poa-ojrauara 6arxnaaHnap. .Il,anuuapxa, Hopaev aa Hcseu xpa.n.ra-
    pH 6eiYK Me6raFAe 6op,r ny,r anAbrnapH anMaH TaqrHpnapr{ Be caneM-
    qHrapuHe xexnu rurnj.aaaap Bepupannep. Hcseu
    ruehapiapnsAa 6a_
    JIaIlJla ulypanapHHHH japHcbr aJlMaHrap raHnap.
    LxaHAliHaBH jaHHH Hrrr.rca.u hajaruu4a aJ,luaH raqHpnapx Ba ce_
    Harxap,'rapbrHbrH xxurapeQ.nu poJ'ry Bap,4H: ox.nap 6y erra.n-aprx hau
    aHqaparr.rHHH, hax aa 6a'gH Tecappysar caha.napr.ruax, uacaaeu, 6a.nur_
    qunblf, ManAaprur, ua'Aau HIIJI3pHHHH ulrxuuraQuua KeMaK erIH-
    nap- JIaKuH anrrlaHnapHH 3opaKHr,rbtFH, xycyca,rJ Hopeeu4a, jep.nu
    uanapntrJrapHH (oypKepnapxH) aprMacHBbr JaHAH.1Hp.C,H.

    xrvrnne Kpau haxr.r:ur.rj j arturu 6y uepanr.qs jepnraujx


    Ji[iir"". MaPrasnauAllpMa cxjacaru_uehxau uyraQQanij-
    ""f* Jernap ra3aHa 6HnMa3.u,H. Hpx eeo4a.laap xpa_
    JIa rapIlru qHxHp Ba oHa 03 upaaenapana na6y.n er4upup4u.,lip.-.II,a-
    xxan uy6apusa Cx-ananxaslja enKanepn apacHH4aKbr MVHarHuaJrap-
    J'ra qyrFaubrp.(H. 9yrxx hau xpa.n.nap, hau,qa og.sapuH BaccanJrapH
    e3raplrHa xaplrr.(a r(oMaK axTapHparJnap.
    AaHrrMapxala uy6apuaa Qeera.n'a4a AapaqaAa KepKlIH r.raH.
    --
    rilll HJILa xpa.r Epux Kannnuur- xapruja uaa;lar*arn o;rly. l
    xaptujaja xepa o, hap ua 4aueho$' catrnOxapaap'frx
    -'npu

    d-'
    yMyMAeBnar uypacH qaFblpMarbl, QeollarnapLrH hYryr Ba-MYcrarI'lJI-
    JrHKJrapHHa roxyHMaMaFbl oh4ocHHa KerYpaY._ EDHI{HH Oy AaHI'lMapKa
    ."yarirrrrn*rip xaPrlrjacbrrHbl noar'rai nrahan oHyH onaYPYnMacH
    xra jer4u.'Eyn4au'coHpa HpH Qeoaaa,rapuH xpaa haxluujjarl
    "or"
    r.rna y3yHci/paH uyiaruuact 6au.nauasI. 1320-''Iu llraa .llauuvapra4a
    Kpan haK[MujjarI,t rarll or'lapar a'jau.lap raPublcblHAa racJlu,\I oJlay.
    O"jaxnap,qeaaar n.qapa'la,ruluuu iasap-ar a,rtusa alAr'I.nap. OHna-
    DblE Da3HrhrFbt oJ'IMaaaH KpanbIH MYhapu6a e'aas erMeK Ba BePXH-
    inp,'rr.. hyryry jox I'Lu.fi. oeoAaJl,ripHn xeu4.rlt,tlrep yaapun.le uah-
    raua haxnr',ruj jarn ra6y.n o.nyH4y.
    1284-qy u.rraau HcgeqAe aa aYHjsBH Qeoaal,'Iap ra jenncxonaap-
    lan n6apei uypa - hoe4ar uarupuauara 6aul.raau. Ey Qeola,r a'jan-
    uapu rynaaraauAUpatl. fxjaMqlr rpeo.4a,n.nap 13.19-uy xa4a xpa.rlr
    Llcieqaan rosny,Tap na asjaru.nu Hopnev xpalu Maruyc Eputlccony
    Taxra qbtxapabrnap. Jaauja aJIHHMrru MahxeMs aAar"rapzHn aBa3 er-
    MHrrr oran 6upnuin yMyMHcBeq ranyHnap tonaycy Maruycyn haxu-
    uujjarn u.nrepnuAa japaablrMbllxauo. Hcseq sa Hopsev apacblHAaxbl
    umuQar (1319-1363), Hceeu yuyu aJIBepl'IlxJ'I[ oJIAyFy MY.llnaro roaap
    jaruaau. MarHycyn a'jaulapun Bo xI{JIceHI{H ua.rnjja uurnjasnaprJ,HE!
    irehayaaauauiuaruShaaepn upn QeoAaaaapulr MYxaJIHQarlrHe ce6a6
    o:ray. Hcner Qeo4alaapu MarHycy raxr,aaH -canu6 a,rmax xHjasu
    pa'
    'Hna A;r6pexrx .Kpan ceqat,trap. O, uan. A,rtllan
    Mex.neu6ypr.ny- Hcsevr.r
    -hos.qaruu
    suauru H4apa eruaju ohAecuna alua,ru ra'capn
    -'naha aotur KvqJIaH.u,H.
    XIV acpaa CxaH,nraHaauja oJIKaJIapIIHHH hap y'lyH4a peal haxx-
    rul,tjjer npr rpeoaarlnapHH or'IHHAe lral.I. Os,y ne 6y- upn tpeo.4a"r.napun
    6u['uoxynyr tax'la oi sJIKacHHAa .[,ej[rn, 6aura Cxang,nuaanja elxe-
    aeiruaiai MYnKraPll BaPAht. OHnaPbIlr nasapat.uutnj asr'IaPrt KeHEttt-
    .lanuo. acu.,ru' ha;ra-avruuYu KoHAJIIJIapI.IHHH caju cyp'atle aprHpnH-
    XiV acprzn 6upnnnir.r japucunla
    'a6pxn.napn
    hau ropnar cahu6.lepunun ucruc-
    rrrprr"4"r, hau aoeaar sa uyiaalarluj jarnapuH.ll,aH, heu
    'r,ryhapu6a.nap oe apa g,u,qauuanaplrHAsH asa6 qaxaH KaHAJHJIepnH
    -sa3rjieri
    4a
    n cn;ruaH.'KaH.( racappYQarHxaa'uy,pryHJlyr uyruahlr4a
    o"'rynypay. Ea'sn jep.nepaa aKI{H j-e-pJlapu 6aur.nu-6au:uua raJIMbItllAbl'
    Joiviiqi rayu - irap-a erylr, XiV aipuu opranapuu4a racappyQar
    ayuixfu.iylyiy aeplrnnauaHpau. Cxan.uunaenjarlox onKanaplrHAe''xYcy-
    cli.,re irop'i6ria, ri1'uyn nrurcaan Harrqarapfl aFHp r.IAu' Hurqr
    rvBBacn qarbIuIMa3JlbItbI eKHHtIHd'lljNu xacruH cyparr'a a3arvacHHa
    ,rrarpro,trn aher,lujjaruinn tiha m aprMacblua ce6a6 olny'
    "5 Aaiiuuapraaa IV Barlerrrap Amepaar ( 1340--
    ,larrxrpranur ieZ5) xinca Be qaHr(aBapnopnn xoMajlr nJe xpaJr
    jarnnH r'rehranirananpa 6u'rart' osrer-
    J"T""fi[j:r. rap
    mr..Pzvsln' haxurr,ruj
    lrrllpnnMuu roP-narnaP' o ![YMroAeH 3aHKIlIr
    Cxone aiaasrfl, Keplr anbIHAbI. Jlaxlru [anul*rapxa xpaluuuu Bal-
    ;;;;r;ffi;;;" nivr,v" rr*up"" oaan Bnc6v ruahalu uaa
    A;rlr-d; fot.nana'a,iacusu'sa6r KarHpH6 'a""tncu
    erltacu .ll,anuuapxanu llluua'nrl
    tlne rorryurMaja qhIxaDIBl' hasga v'ra
    A;r'uasrtia haHsacu
    ( 1367-1370) ,lLaunMapxa aFHP MeFnyorjjaro yFPa.rH-
    ""tt"orC"r,ciahy ( 1370)- rne han3aJtrrnaP
    ttt'"pirwil rx{aper EMrf, ia3rapuna'
    38?

    --. -t'-''
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    -.:1
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    xx, 6y
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    ^-., -^-: --
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    rr.r

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    '6aoJllir(. .-
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    aaBaM erar. I09l-,.rx unaa o,rxaja coxy.nuyur runuar.napu (xyuari-
    naprr Ba ja no,roaec.lapu) AapMaAaFbrH erlrax,ra -i\4a,,lapsrcrau Aapo-
    na xaJrrnapHHHH uapr xoqepanapr.rHAaH ropyHMacu HrlrHHe os rehQe-
    clrHrr- BepMnur or.{y. XII acplH opranapHular 6aur.lajapar Ma,lapuc-
    rau Aacrptja ruapxrpaQ;lapnu uu aa Eaaen6epr hepcoi.napuuun ropar-
    rrxJrepx rah,ryxa una heca6,rauua,ru oJAy. CrlHflOraxniu na cy,rala
    ,qllAnrrrManapH rYauapucrauun ar.rxap ryaparrrn ayuMaHa-E;saHc
    HMneparopy I.M_axyu.n MgyHn1-a rapuu uy6apusaclix Ae MypaKKa6-
    rauraHpnpArr (XII acpuu 50-60-qu r,r,rapu) Kpa.n haxaurjj'air rou-
    rxy epaalnapH xeqflpMeK-na 03 Kanflp uau6e.napuux aprHpMara
    -aJra
    qanHubrpihr. 1089-,ly
    _xaaa I Jlac,ro_ (1077- I095) Caasouujauu Qarh
    erar; I105-qH rJrAa KanMaH (1095-ll16)- hoprarujauux acnJtu
    ha,ra ca,rusuacuHH 6atrra rrar,(blpabr. hopaaruja Qeoaal,rapu Maua-
    prrcraH KpaJlblHHH cyoepeulnjtHH (ja'nu ouaau BaccaJr acbrJrbrJrErFbr-
    uu-rapv.) re6yl erAulap, Ma,,lapucran sa hopaartja xpaJr,,rrrHra.
    phrxHH ruaxcfi 6xprujn Hna pa3hrnaullbrJ'rap; (aavaH .Il,a,rfracl jarun
    uahepnapHHH Aa e3 haxrrMnjjarH aJrrbrHa ca.n1u. Mavap xpalu iraunn
    ura,hapaap.uax KaJIHpnapHH[H yvaa 6upu reAap nynJla 6a',r a.rvar uy-
    ra6HJHHAa oflnapbrH uyxrapnjjarrun caxJraAbr. Mavapucrau xpa,r,ra-
    pH, yFypcy3 Ia orca, aaxcuja-Baluu Pyc ropnar.napuHbr e3JapuHe
    ra6e erMaje Aa qahA,rap KscrapAlnep.
    . l24l-1242-\fi1 HJ'lnapAe MauapucraH xaJlrrapLIHbIH Hecr6B aFbrp
    Qa,raxar oJrAy. Ey 3aMaH oHrap MoHroJr-Tarap 6acruH.rapuuun aali-
    uaTJraplrHr.r,[aaManbr oJlaynap. Moxro.uap xpa,'rJrbrFa l24l -,r r]Jr[H
    MapTHHIa vq lacre Hna coxyJ'r.4yr'I a p. Ocac ,qacreja Ear1, xan 6au-
    rrbrr,rbrr eAHp,u,H. Hpu Qeoga.n cahH6xapnapbrH HyQy3yHyH aprruFbr
    Ba Kpan roprrar.rapHHrrH (aouettrtt) a3ar'r,[brFr,r uepaHr.rJ xpaa IV
    Eeaa (123&-1270) ayuruaru reQ erMoK yvyu xaQajar rorep hep6H
    ryBBeje MantlK 4ejnlau. OHyu ron,ra.4urru rornyHrap lIIajo uaju ca-
    hnrnsAa aapMaAaFbrH elu.rrglr. Ee"ranuH o3y uca aaaa.nua Arcrpuja
    hepcorynyr jaHEiHa, coHpa uca AarMaclrja cahunlapuna rau1u.,{i-
    KHH MoHror'r rorxyHJrapH Alpuatuxaja qaT.[],rr.[a, Ke3r'Isufi.r r,leaaH, pyc
    roPnarnapHHa AeHAJnap (1241 -ura x,'rHH j ajbl) . MoHro,r-rarap",lapuu
    ryBBeJap[HH esyua va.n6 eaeH Pyc ropnarnapuHbrH rahpauaxaur ny-
    6apxsacn Mavapucraru y3yH My,[.,a,arnx ecaperaaH xlrr'rac er.rur.
    rDcoran XIII_acpaeQeo,aa.ruyuacu6ernapH-Tarna((yJly-
    HyH 6arua qarMacH rr.rapxasu haruunjjerru sauQ-
    ""c"ir-Ji'i,i'"r". JroMacH Bo ajpu-ajpu r-rpH oeoaaJr Heclrrrrepu-
    HtlH TYBBATIaHMACu l,r3 Herr.rqaJraHAn. Brrp Heqe ]rpl-l aYHjaBB oeoaa,'r
    HacuJrJrepHHHH upH ropnar Mynr(rapH japanuara 6arnajbrp: AyHajHH
    o rapaQun.u,axx nn.rajar.qa HeuaryjeapH (heupuxrpu) rpaQrapH Hac-
    JIHHITH luxMar-rap6 ropnar,rapuuAa (Myacup Caoeaxuja apasucuu.ua)
    r{ax.nap uecnnnun, uapr Be urnMaJr-uapr auaajar.nap.{a A6a na Eopura
    390
    HacrrnneprlHlH MynKnapn MejaaHa KanHp. Ey upx Qeoaa,l HacfiJlJle-
    paurn hep 6upr xpa.nna heca6.narutra.u,au MYcrartlJl aaxuJ'lH Ba xapfiqt,r
    iujacar jypyaypay. OHraphIH e3 ro[yHnapbl sapau. Ey rcuyHyH eca-
    cunu $aux.nnapJrap aAJlaHaH xHpAa 3a,rlal(aHJIap rauKI{n eaupAk.
    I(xaca Qeoaa.n.napH aa 03 MynI{JIept.rHAa, QaxrHra onapar, MYcrorHn
    r,qrrap. Kpa.r IV Jlac.nouyu (1272-1290) npu tpeoaa.n cahu6xap.tapa
    rapuu Ma.,rapucraHAa MecKyHnaulMbllrrHnqauapa (no.nosec.napa)
    apxaJraHMar crjacarn aa yFypny onMaAbI. Hpu Qeoaaa caha6xap.nap
    I279-vy u,raa IV Jlaclony acup aJIAbInap, 1280-lla hnaa tlca rblrlqar-
    JrapH aapMaAaFHH eTAHnep.
    Oeo.laa ss6auruHaauru Apnaa,rap cYnanecHHI.rH cou hoxu.a,apu
    III EnrpcuuH (1290-1301) haxuunjjaru Hnnap HAe aa 6yu4aH coHpa
    6a ura anas xpaJlctlsJr Hr (caaraHar Qact.nacx) aoBpYHAa ( 130 l--: 1308)
    o3yuyH eH jyxcax r.ruxnuraQ casxjjacuua ,{araH. 6y 3aMaH
    - Kpan'
    cH3nHr aoBpyH,a,a MauapucraH Taxrbl YCTYHAa jaae.n,ra cY.laaalaPsg
    nYnajasaa,raPn apacblHAa uy6apnsa Ke,(nPAI{. (Deoaa,r es6auuuaru-
    FU UrapaHrlHAa raualu racappytparnapH xYcycHna qox 3apaP qaKAH'
    n ap.
    XIV acpaa Mavapucran xpa.n.nuruuaa Nahcya-
    Kextrrrrcp ee
    roFtrix hepe(arnepu
    aap ryBBanepHH uHxItuaQH Ha3epa qapnHp.
    (XIY-XV ecpaep). Oruuqlrnux, iarx o.rapar, 6y sauaH ecac xana
    racapyQaru cahacnHa qeBpuaau. Oxuuquln'
    inr raparrucul.luH KecrepHqHcH Yqrapnanhl aKHH cHcTeMHHHH har6ur
    '

    6.rynnni.a 6au,raMacH xan. Kasa racappyrfaru uahcya.lapu caruu


    vqvs, rscr.eu, uHKHUrao erMaKAe onaH uahap.lapa Ba harra roHury
    earaaapa qexHjaja, Aacrpnja ropnarnaPHHa, Iloau-raja anapbInHP'
    gu. Ey XIV-XV- acp,lapaa tpeo4a.n pexracblnlrH xapal{repnlra Aa
    T
    a'crp' xecrapupAu. l35l-,,tH x,laa jesH HaryPan BepKH aJIHHMacbt -
    .(orly3aa 6np a'epxn ranyH.na rar6nr onyHAy. AjpH-ajpu uy,rr cahu6'
    aapri oulap,ian xerAHxqa raha 'rox HcrHQaaa eA p/l[nap. Ejttn sa'
    MaH.u,a KaHAnfirapuu hyryrn nasujjarr ae nHcJIaulHpAH. KaHAnHnep'
    axap XIII acpnx opra,Tapunaau XIV acp[H aBBanJIePnna raaap, Qar-
    ruxlr o,rapar,- cap6acr cyparaa 6up ropnar cahu6uHuu jau-ux,qau 1u-
    xapuua x'evuax hyryryn4au l.IcrrQaaa eaa 6l.nrpau,rapca, XIV acpnu
    6uirnx,,rn ous.lt,,ttjxxaa jeua ranyx ra6yn e,[,Hnax. hauuu . rauyua xe'
    pa'6np ropnaraas axxapuua, aEi{ar aBBeJIKH ropnar cahn6x nuasa
    iepuiaa ieruax o,rapau. XV acpae xpn Qeoaa.n:lapuH 6up uoxy es
    uyirrapnrnn ahaaxcx u.na anareAap onapar Kpannapaag a.nl uah'
    rama hyryry-<ruaunu hyryry> aJrHnaP.
    Oeoaa.n scrncuapblHllH Ba KaH.trJIxJIapI.IH hyryrcys,ryryHyu aprua-
    cH CHEQH uy6apusaxuu rYBBer,{aHMecrHe ca6a6 o,rly CuHtpu uy6apu-
    sa ajpH-ajpi HqManapblH Qeola,r,rapa rapulbl cflnahnu qHxbl[Inapbl'
    ra,{ii,rbrr, xx.nca on.ua6xpnHH aaeMeKlleH rMrI.tHa erMaK Qopua,rapuu'
    .u.a o3\'Hy 6ypy3a BepHpaH. XV acpr.ra 30-',ry u,r,rapuaaa Mavapucrax,4a
    rycq]'.rlr xeuuu j aj u,rau. CtHSa u.y6apt_saaxu_xacKxH.naulMacluuH
    ei iyxiax Herracx Brax KaH.fJIHJ'Iap[HlH (lllaprn Pouaulia KaHAnHra'
    priuH) sa KparJ'IbIrI'IH urapr (TpauclrlsaHtj a)- sa IIII.IMaJ'I-uapr BIIJIa'
    jar,rap rHnH M aqrap KaH.lrfl napunru ycj auu ( I 437- I 438) oJIAy. haMllH
    ircjaai,rn MaQKypa acacH ra6opqynapblH-rycqyryFyH Hxrn,ra6l, xaua'
    Ju-nne6ej qHHahbl HyMajaH,leJrapnHHH ra'nrMu uIH. XV acpua uxua-
    Iiru JapbrcbrHAa xpajr,,rbrrblH ruHMan B[,,rajor,'tapriHAaKH,narnap].a (Mya-
    cup CnoBaKHja) fljorp Axcauuruu 6aurqu.rlrr er,4ujN ra6bpuy aac-
    raaaPLi Oea.r H jj., t Kscrapupfr.
    XI II acprra Mauapucrax xpaa,rursrutra uahap.
    ..9*LL:9::..:?,..
    *;;;;fitl'-'
    Ma'laltr|ulJleolIlt]l
    nap
    - caHar Ba r,'rapar MapKa3rapfl, rKuHqH
    auajaH.u,aH ajpHnMblul sa Qeoaa,r acbI"'Ibr.-rbIFHH-
    .4aH a3aA onMyu caHeTKap Ba Tat'Il{pJlApIIH Mac-
    KaHJap Mej,raHa xaaup. Kpa.n.rrap 6rp uox cauarxap Be raqlrp rrrac-
    xaHJrepHHs urehJp HMrHja3rapbr 6axu e,r,Hp.tuJep. Ox xpu uahap.nap
    Eyaa, rIeur, Ecreprou, ,ILjep, lllonpon, Cexeurrpehepaap, floxon
    (llyacnp Eparucraaa), Ko,roxaap (uyacup K.ryx) rr.ax,,rap. Ma'{a-
    pbrcTaH xpa,lnHFHH.ca lxahap"Iap,ra jaHauru qoxJy <KaH.c. urahap.ra-
    pH> a,uraHaH iep,rep .ua Bap.q,H. EyH,'Iap e,ra 6ejyx KeH.aJIap Hrlu.'l3p xt,
    oHnapbrH caKnHJ'repfl IrqapHCfiHAe e3 Mohcy',IJ-IapbIHu jep.lu 6asapla
    caTaH csHarxap,rap ,u.a BapabI. Ee,ra uacxau,rap uahap nvrlija:.ra-
    pHHAaH HcruQa.c,e erMHp,n Hnap Bs aj pbl-a j pH Qeoaa.l,l a puu haxxr,rlt j -
    jarn arruuT:,a Hrlr,rap. Illahep caHarKa PTHFHHIIx tlxxlluraQuuga 6e-
    jyK xp5nnnajuru.rep XIV acpta 6au BeP,[H. 70-qn nrlr'Iaptre ajpH'ajpu
    uxTlrcacnaPIaH o.'IaH c.rHoTKap"IapH 6up.nauaxpax cexJ'IeP (c3HaT-
    xap 6xp,'rrx,lapH rap,,I.) QopMa"rauIbIp. Ey eauau cex rallKlJ"qarbl-
    xus ahara er,lujn-25-a jaxblH caHer Bap,nb[.
    MadapucraH Kpan,'IbtFbIHAa uahap,rap cocHa.'l B3 eruux stl,lltttj-
    jar.rap uapxaa,rapH H,nHJIap. Asponauun 6up uox 6aurra e"'lKa.lapl:H.u,e
    onayry KHMH urahap:ru.nap 6yreanyx.la, Qeoaal'lapa raprxH lrrn.rep.
    Osaap Qeola.r o36a u HHarbr FbIHa rapuH MY6ap[3aaa KpaJ-IbI MYra'
    Qra iaupaa,l;p. [Iahap,rap.la haxlvujjar ajpbt-ajphl rarplic alineJa'
    linuuu a,ruH,ne D.[r Ba qox Baxr IIpc[l KeqxPAH. flarplcuaruu rapxu-
    6rrrra urchap ropnar i,lY.lKujj rrqu"lapx, aH BapJbl ra'{HpJap Ba caJlaM'
    '1;1.1ap 1ax,te lt,ru.rap.
    E-v Savan rpa.T,rurun urahap.laptt yvlu uaha-
    pau jyxaptr ro6ara:rapuntx Qeora.r.rauvacu ca'rltjjasll HrlH; rliriapar
    ia ci.'ranqx Ianrlra"rbIH 6up uox uytt ajaxaa"l a pII Qeo,aar.'tapa - rop-
    r :rl clhuS.ripr;rJ (ICapII"rrlp.xllJJp. Mattapucran urahop"rapaHaa nar-
    Dtrcr!a:r.rr q( \v al\:aH.Ial\ lt:l.r.ip. ou,rapuu 60jyx hllccacrl 6ypa
    ilohap.,rapuH rveiraHa xa.r.irrlrl -leBp-laH coHpa hoqMYu.l\;rap Kpa r'rap
    o'irui, iI.)'.,'' htntajauu,rHx xociaprplu.rap. Jlaxxs XIV-\\''cP-
    .rap apsru.rc uahap.rapla haxtluHjjar urffiacHH.la oraH uaqap ra-
    ur,p,rcpu Ba cJ"rIaMqr"qapltHuII rYlparl'1, apr,ru. Caaarxap KYT'lecn ca
    n"iar.tir" ,.aha 'rox Ma!{apr'Iap heca6usa aprblp.!bl by-Ha Kepa 'na
    narpxcl'larra rxJh.rp.lx KYTIac aPacblHIaI{lI xscx}lH MYbap 3'rHll er-
    n,*'sraaril"r.',"p ulpaxria6aaurar'tpupaa Maca'rau,. Dyaa uehaprrt'r"-
    pnHun l439-uy ti.raj
    ^ru,*l'" ycjaHu a'luaH rssjurruu 'qaFB erMJIi
    xlYaPH anrblHAa xeqMBU,4H.
    Xiv:fxV r"p..npa" Ma,qapucraH.r,a ua'aau uur,rapu uourryu ttnriuuaQ
    ,{vMiaa-all ruluar,'ttl MelarJap Ba MHc qblxapblnnacbl aPTblp'
    o
    ";rHo: llHxtluraQ er.[.upHrMacl.l heca6usa aP'
    Ma'aax casaieclrluu -KeJlI.lpllHIl
    ;;;;;;;;;;;a,r rpa,, haxi',,HjjairxNx xeprvjv r-aa6rp'raP na 6v-
    (1308-13.42) 1327-qu r'rae u'' -
    ;;';;;;- erar. Kpai Kap,r Po6epr
    a"n ,cr"h""u halara x6ullp.lu' hauuu xc'rahar"Ia roPrar':IapHH'lla
    392

    riB.
    xa'aaH uutnapH xspynaH Qeoaar,rapErH hyryr.napu uahly,laaru4upun_
    tr 6r.

    l:l::-*ll.l.Jj;,,-,.tJXo#,I*,t'#il:f, ir;t"ffi,IlTI?:hlif "#f.::


    reirrrlyay. aapln uHxnuraQu XIV acpnu aara.laaprue ja-
    un uaprasr^ hanrurjjeran xyejjes re,iap r6h.
    KeMJreHMacuHo uapaxr japarlu. Ey aavai yryH tialaaa acai qeo-
    llt :r.]Ijgf.r_ ra rauaxKyn erMnrx.lu. Xupaa oa opra Qeo4a.n.rap,
    uanep raoaraJapE haoena Toprrar MynKnapn Qeolaa ,au,UxLuaaapts_
    aaH 3apap traKen KtrJrca eeoaa,r_ es6auruxa.nuruiug apaaan ranaHpHn_
    I:-yi1r_ ^yiti.nH rnr,rap. hax-ruujjaraa uohxauiasaa Kap.r^ po.
    AHxy HacnuHr.rH Heano,r ro.ryuaaH uarl upu
    ::pl,l.qg"::", 'rariiiar,ra
    Qeo4a.,r
    _cujacn uyctanr.rarjaua rapu.rn
    HecH,'rnapJ.rHHH
    :.11i"-i.1p
    MyoapH3a anapabr. tiy My6apr.r3aAa ouy AHAu uIMaJrapfiHrrH Ka_
    ._ii"::l1ai llqr.ru oraH 6yryH cocna.neeoaa.r ra6ararep uyaarpua earpax_
    nap. Llr,'rKH.HyM aJaHra.rr.rK MoHapxHj acHHbrH raua*xy,ry n
    iocecn daur-
    JIaHMbttutrbl. l35l-qx s.rraau aea.ler luiuu'ua.rip"rA"
    .6au,rajapar
    jaHarusr, xHpaa Ba opia aaaa,ranaapun
    Iry.^t..911i :ihl6Kapnapna
    HylraJdH.Ianapfi, l40b-qH HnIaH xca uahap,raplH aa Hyr*rajaHAaaapr
    HUrHpaK eruaja 6aur,ra4u,rap. urlaxux XV aiprH uxauva
    rarap MapKa3Jrarx.{rrpMaHuH_yFypJraphr aaBaMc6rs o.napar ra.rau. lapucuira
    XIV_
    XV. acpHH aDaa,,rJ'tapr.lHfa MauapucraH KpannHrHHbrH chjacl{ HHXH-
    ruaQuaun xycycujjaru npu Qeolaa cahu6xap.lapuuux'Hyeysynyu
    xeJnr.r ,[apaqa,u,e ra,rrMacbr na xpa.n haruurjjarnHxH 3aHQnfijHHAaH 6a_
    par r{.t[.. Ey, urahap,rapnn nuc6ares. aa iirxNuaS er"aci un *rpaa
    ea. opra Qeo4aaaapbrg HrrlrcaAt,t saaQ,rnjr.r r.na, ha6e,ra
    Qarr.rr.raaapnur
    ra'cIIcarblHbIH 3-aaeKaH-QaMHnuapJrap KyrJracHHgH raiappyqai Oa- a
    xbruHufaH ajpu-ajpu- HpH Qeoran cahu6iap.rapaaH acuau oan acu
    (nep'reH.l__oHna p KpaJrHH Baccarnapu heca6 oryHyp.lyrap) naa ueah
    e1s,rrp. I(ap.l. Po6epr aa I Jlajouryr ( 1342-13ili)' sal,riuaapuxaa
    xpal haxnutj jar_H_uuu ueorejxuaH MyBerrara oaapar nohrau,raurrla-
    cr{HAeH cogpa, XV acpxu aBBaJuHAa, jenuaan npr-QeoaannapuH Hy_
    Qysyryx. ycryH.nyjy aoapy 6aur.nauup. Kpaa ffrrironlyH (I387-l43l)
    haKnMuj jarr.t H.rr.rrspuHuH 6HpHH,{n japulu upn Qeoai,r xrrurpdraapu
    apacbrHAa oH una,(arr'rH apa uyhapu6a.napH
    4oBpy lr4n. Mauap rax-
    xap[qH r.raAHa'{brJ,rapHn
    Tbrn,4a_Ke3y onaH Heano,ray Kapa ea ouyu
    or"ry Ba-aruc,rasHH Hure rapHtuMactr Hna- 6y rrry6apula rrrlpaxra6.,r'a_
    rrHprtr. Kpan My6apH3a anapaH Qeoaaa xypyh.rripdxun a.nriuaa ojyH-
    t{araFa ceBpxrMrrrrrAa Ba uyajjan uaraula ony uy4aQua eAa11 r.rpg
    qeoaan rpyflyHa leHrrleHH Kyse[rrrrap eruaja uau6yp r.rgu. Eyryn
    6yH,rap rypx uurraau rah,'lyxaclHr.rH aprMbul o.,rayry uapanrA" '6u*
    Bepr{paH.
    1396-qu uraa rypr(nap xpaa firlcuouayx 6aur,lu,rur er4Hjn uyx-
    rannQ e,'rxa,rapAsH rofl .ranbulMbru jbrrMa xauau (ca.nn6ua) -rouryn-
    JIapbrHH Aa.pMaAaFHH erAunap. Ey yrypcyaayra, ha6e,ra Bapxa jaxun- l
    JrbrFHHla (1444) oa (ocoso uejainiixria (t++A) 6aur seiruaur uar- I

    Jy6[jjarnap ranyHayjryn xall. Ee,ra xu, harra iypx rah,ryxacr rap-


    ruuctiHJa 6e,ra, uapraar haKHMfljjarr.rH ueh xau,lau4upH.n r,l5cr o6jei<-
    rHB cypar.la MYMxyH o,'rMa:br. Xaprvu cujacx rah.lyxa, es-es,ryjyHaa,
    393
    MaDKe3E haKHMltj jaruH MohKeMraHAxplrnMecI.'I H,'Ia Hortrt{ofl eHe 6r''l-
    ,rir;.t. rrrr"rr*'6yny, yry, aaxunn u.IrPr'lap japanr'lauururlt Ey
    ,rpi"rp Ma,,rapuciai xia.n.nurunaa ja,ruus XV acpuH oprarapHHa
    Ilahaplu'rapun llrrncaan Ba
    iaxirn. iupaa Ba opra 3aaaKaHaaptlH Ba
    cuiaor'ahjnariiarflrinH aaha aa aprMacH xna anare,lap orapar MeiAa-
    ;;;il;. Ei;'yr.yprrp, KepKaMJrH capKapac' Hprr- Qeo'
    -riv,iluiti odpo*apxaainau
    'rrt,4a r'rapuxu apa4au ra'n'aupa 6u'ran:
    a.r'lri". prrpr'"u eg a.ntxaa Ba opra Qeola'r-
    iprr- 'r"M,"lua'pa[; xblpaa rapap raoy"I er'nxP'
    ,ioun"rm xoa,r cequrMacrHre IrlxrHpaKH harrusaa
    ,rl lr*oiu*"ry';*li"
    hysiaauuns xacan Ba'laxuia MeHUe''l[
    M llxal
    H'ufi AeB'lar lbI-
    ;;;;;;;
    '0"*rr:rpri'rp, rii*," 1i +no- t +ss 1 ce'r
    KPaTIHIT
    1151'.Y
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    396

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    397

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    6uinnnu apaunua aapMaAaFr,IH eAa-eAo, ja"'IHbI3 1438-'ill unnn couyna
    jaxuu ycjaHu jarupa 6u,rln.rap.
    398

    fu.- - L
    1490-1492-qH nr.[cpaa Mo.r4aeujanuu uuMaJIbIHAa 6ejyx xax',.'llr
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    _
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    orapar'
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    xejpr.rHa xej'nu-.
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    -t'lahaya'laul'uu
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    'f,e rua-
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    ;;l ;;;;;; ;i;.,"p. d"*'upon'isaaax'rapun) xn' 6yu-
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    ' sa Mor-
    "-r xlv-xv;;'i"oaa Tcipa Pouuujacra rrryajjau. ra4ap
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    ' rt6apiregr' au uyraaurna' xecraplaax uuxaHu-aep'au 1389-
    r'ry fl,rAa Kocoso MejAaHblH,u.a cep6'napl lapua-
    qblxablJla! Be uHMaJa
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    , 399

    t
    .6y.n.eruaja ua,l6yp oaca .la, rypKJrape rapuu uy6aprsa aajanraau.
    I444-',r.y Hnae Bapuajaxuu.nurux4axu sypyruva,ia Ba.naxrja roruys-
    .napn Tpaucu.nsaunja nojesoaacu Janoru hixjaannun repa6uxaa uur-
    rflpaK eraHnap. Coxpaaap rocnoaJrap Blaae Tceneu (1456-1462)
    saMaHHHAa Baaaxuja rouyHnaphr Typxnapu 6Hp cbrpa ruer.nyonjjar-
    r'repa yFParaErnap.
    Mo,r.a,annja xHjae;ruruxun^ yFpyHAa Myoapr3o_
    cr .qaha .uypaxxa6 rrapar.rrA9-".]-_1-:]Irrrrnjj"rr
    ur,raHupiir. TI;p[;;';r:,
    6aura,
    Mo,r4asuja yvyn rap64an Malrap 1eH]r
    KpanH, riama",uiir n"JIor*,
    au rahayra roparxpaH. Basxjjain irypaxxao,raurlup""-6sp'aa oy *pr_ uag
    Kr.r, KHja3 haxuruu j jarnxl uehxaluenAtplluru Xei upxah -AIeKcaHrpbrH
    enyMyH.qaH coup a ( I 400- I 43^2 I r! arc Vii,
    pH-6ojap rpynnaprr- | ^tt_oll_; Vaar. ai p6'- i; -
    _apacHHAa raxr-raqr_ yaryuai myoafnse "
    _
    xer,4a. Ey
    jannus III CreQan (1457-l5O+j ry,r,ryrui ru"ar*""rro".
    -uy6aprsa,
    uenap ananrrcH Be a3a.u, xaH.4J'rHnapa apxa,,laHapar u6oj1.x 6ojap,rapr,uH
    -rBrptrbrraaH ra Mo,r.taou j a rni a:.nsrru ri1a, aeMoK oJrap,
    MYraBfl MarrrHH
    rejpri-uahsyl haxr.rr'rajjar a,ra xeu_npr,lSia riu,r orayiaii-coHpa
    cnl4u. Mahup ar.rrrJroMar oaas_ III 'CreQau osyHyH "xat "Oy, xal Ke_
    aa
    l:-:.9. jliy::I .
    r,ra urruQa r 6ar,raj up'ea * yriyni annro*irnx, hap-
    ra3aHbrpau. O, flo"rura n.ra rzrrnQar Oaiaali.
    T_
    par,"Y:?ge:InlJarrrap.
    l4b/-qH HnAa, /vlor,(aBHjaja rr.ry4axn.na erMH[r Maqap Kparbr
    Marjaru hyujaauHxH ((opsriHiur) bpaycyuy silp l'r*"nro,.rrra
    .u,apMa-laFHH €-r,ar.r Ba oHy cy.nh 6ar,rauara Ma,{6yp errx. Ey oHa rya_
    Bana.puHr{, 1474-uy unl,a Mo.n4aruja ropnan,rapuua MyaaxuJre er-
    y. lypKJrapa_ _r_ap-tuH qaMJ'rarxAHpMeK HMKaHtr aep1a. 1475-vx u,r1a
    Illr.r{ MehMe.4,rH, III CreQarrun opaycyHAaH yq aoQa qox o,rax, 120 ur_rH
    HoQapnHK rypx opAycy tsac.ryj jaxuu,ruFr,rHflaKbr BypyruMaAa Marny-
    6rjjara yrpa4u. Jlaxun rypx,rap, re3Jrr.rKJ,ra, Baaja A,,i6a jaxul.nuruu_
    aaKH BypyuMaaa 6yHyx aBa3HHtr qhrxcanap aa, e.r.ra h5tlrnH a,qaa,{a,
    acacaa, rahxuttt.nH KaHIrHnopAaH u6apar o,rau Mo;rtasuja r.ouryHra-
    pH rypx cyJ'rraHHHHH oprycvH) jeuu:aH 6up cupa nrar,iy6ujjaiacpa
    yFparAbrr,rap.
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    napu, 1484-vy HnAa rypKnepl.IH rrauy6 ra,rarapuxu Knaija rij $e,r-
    ropoay ana KeqlrpMaJrapu Mo,r4aatja KHja3,rbrFbrHbr- ssnQrarAg. Ycre-
    anx, 1489-uy Hnaa flonua xpa,lu IV Kasuuup rypx.,rapa raprxhr Hr-
    rrQar 6apaaa 6yulaH anea.n 6ar,qaHMsru MyraBHJrorrr no:.ly na Mo,r-
    laBwjaia hyuyrrra hasupnauAbl. EyH,,Iap III CreQaHu rypxaap,rra cy.nh
    6ar,rauara ua'r6yp erAa. hauru cy,rha xopc o, hap u,r rypx,rcpa 4 uun
    Ay{ar BepMajr., oh.4acasa K6rypny. EjHl sauanaa o eeynyu uavap
    KpanH Hna urrnQaruuu ,[a rac.ttxr erIH. III CreQanun Mocrsa fi,ra
    errararapr.rHHH uehxau.neuMaqr ae e.nc 6y 3aMaHa aHAAflp. Eyryu 6y
    arnHM,rap Mon4asuja yuyn rah,ryxs rspa.{au flonua rpeola,r,rapu-
    .HH AoQ erMaK yqyH uapaHr japaaHpabl. 1497-qu x.r.qe I JaH A.r6pex'
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    Ktr l{epHoBrcbr urahapn jaxHHnbIr}rHAa) aapMaaaFhtH eaHnatr: 1499-
    qy Hnae Mo.n4aenja Hra florlxa apacr,IHAa jeHIl cy.rrh 6aFnaHAH.

    400

    3*r--r - )
    l7-,{ 1{ 6ac1{n

    s t. EI3AHC Xl-Xll aCPTAPAa

    BH3AHC XI-XV ECPJIEPAA.

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    ,4a:raapun uanaQejuxu axc eraxpaH MepKa3H haxuunjjar oHnapa Ker-
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    .qu;rap, ja'Hn BepKHnepaaH raMaMUJIa, ja rl{cMaH a3an o,'lyHypaynap;
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    qHxbrp.r,H. Ey sauau BepKH jHFHnMacH apaaau ra;lxuupru. Jlaxnn
    oHy h-ap 6up MynKa,qap e3 MYIKY aaxHJIrHAa o3Y YqYH ronaajup4st.
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    aapa on,rapuu uahxava pYcyMnapblnb,I ronJlaMar (xycycuaa vu.{au
    ,ruaajar hairapbr-ga Hcrt{cHa e2,a,ruax.na) .hyryryuy rac,qHr
    eaEH Qep-
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    Mf;lKnap[ B3 Xa3HHa ropnarnapH rxQajar raaap xeuHut tlas. 'IIaruH
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    uia 6ixuuru.irap najaaru.nuacu Har[qacus,a,e - cYp'arra a3aflhlpru. Ey
    Topnaraap,[aH a.nwuan xa.nup tlca HMneparop haxnuujjarnHnn 6au;Iu-
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    .rrpln. EyHa iepa aa uapxasu harNlrrnjjar hauuw laplrx,rapuH MY"IKa-
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    26 cltb i73 401

    j
    6_r-raaau. JIaxun npoHxjaHbrH rrpor ropnar My.rr_
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    11111]_"]1
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    ia g_,rKeHHH
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    n,irq,,p-I i ai
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    aojyruuynapinru 6rp rtcurrHa
    oyroB Kaurnap naJraMHuaHnap xa, havux xsrpaa tpeoaaa"iap.ra
    6y-
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    J J

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    HpH MoHacrrJpnap Ba AyHjaBH Qeola.n uaauxaue,rapu jasunaa
    aa jap_
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    MHJJeTH anrHHna fi,rl,'rap. byHa Kopa aa.leBrarlu urahap,rop.r., rrrl-
    Qara xnpuacxua ehrujau jox y.nu. Asat xeHnJ'rxnapuH rariasay"r, yrpa-
    MacH HJro uahap,ru,rapaan aJlbrHaH Bepxunap heca6urua o",rre oJyHaH,
    xaJrlrp. KerlHr(qa 6ojyx ahauujjar Kec6 e.(fipAH. fletlar uca urahap_
    .lepa heu 6Hp nurujas BepMxpaH; u:ahapaafan jyxapu rauup-ceuar-
    Kap Aalrpanapt, rap6.qaxx Kr.rMu, 03 uaHaSejr.rHx vyaarpua er:naja ua-
    nbrur,rpAunapca.,Ia, roBnar 6y aaxpa,rapuu urahap hajaruxu MycrsrnJl
    -Illahap,rapAe
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    neparopyH ra'jun eraHju qox Baxr, lrysl,ry acxap,raplcr u6apar oaaH
    crparrrr'rap hexu paH.n ur eruprrl,Iep.
    beJe ulapalrr,[.a Qeo.a,a,r,'rap uahap,repAa a3 MoBreJrepxHH lrehxau-
    rraulupxpaunap. On,rap 6ypa1a eBJ'rap, KapBaHCapa.lap, iH6ap,rap, ay-
    xaHJrap,
    .xaMrflapuH
    jan anuacu ycyH ropnynap, KeMnJrep aJra xeqr-
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    Keuyja, flxsa) hap6n xeuajlnain xeutru cypara'a xcrt$aaa err51,
    6aruaalu.nap; 6yayu uyra6ulxuaa pecny6,rrxa,rapa uox,ry tvrujai-
    ,rap, hap.uejaan aBBe,'r, HMneplijaHbrH aH upx urahSp.naprHaa KsMpyK-
    cy3 rnqaper hyryry Bepunflpru. rDeoaa,r.lap xa,rua iauip,rap,ra ]ieHHtu
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    o.nau jep.nu rar{Bpnapa uxc6arat taha 6aha arbtpAbr.tap.
    Ee.nerux.na, urahep,rnlep 6finagacrlrs Qeolal,rapa ra puu aeju,],
    .{eBJIare IaPIxbr trry6aprsa anapManhr onyp,[yJ,rap. CoH .{apa',ra s,t-
    Bepuurcr3 easxjjara caJrhrHaH Euaauc uahap,rapu j a.u,e,r"r unapJ a para-
    6ara ra6 Karupa 6HrMlrpAlrrap. Jaxuu,naurM ar.{a o"r'rau raHe3synyH a"!a-
    402

    Er-L -
    MeraapH XII acpun coHnapbIHAa aja.nar ruahap,rapxnaa ha,na xutDajer
    raaap saurp uta.,IIaxuH najraxrAa 6y raxasaya alauauairn, aprrrn,
    XII acpaH aBBeJInapHH.[aH cyp'ar.ra aprMar.(d ran. Carati<ap aa ra-
    vrp 6rrpaux.rapnnrH uyhaQr:axap HAapa onyHMa cr{creM[, rloBnarr.rH
    ahalrujjarcrs hxua javu.rru jtt, jyrcax nepxu.nep 6yryn 6yHnap ua-
    hap caaarxap,ruFhl Be rfiqaparHurH r.IHKHuraQHHa - auxa,r repaaup, ha-
    rrrrn caha.nap xeTAHKtra reHa33yna yrpajnplu. Llramja raqflpnapfl
    e,rraja xer4uxva ;1aha vox Muuapaa xaptlqa caxarxap,'rur ua'uyaa-
    rH Kerrrprp,u,Hnep. hauan ua,uap Enaanc uahcy.nnapuua nnc6arau
    yqy3 rrr,Hnap. tlox xequaaalr xapHlIAaH a.runau ua'uy"rat Esgasc uaa-
    ,rapuuu xejQr j jarva .u,a ery6 xev,lu.
    I Anexcej Kounnnns (1081-lll8) iaxrh
    '
    vux-
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    -".''?iiilir:"---
    !amnaoxteflf,ax xaor{ll
    PHH 3ajIeKaH Ma'Mypxap Y3eprHAe rana6ecr ae-
    ' Max u4u. Huneprjauuu aasnjjaru con Aapaqa
    aFHp nnlr. Typr,rap aeMaK onap, 6yryH l(r.ruux Acuja-
    - caJlllyrnap,
    su Eltsaucus e"rrfi H,qaH a.rrMbrrr.lu,rap. Hlrneplrjanun Hra.rtjaaaxu
    axupHHqhr MynKnaprrHH .ra uurFa,r eaaH HopMaHJrap l08l-'{ir nrga
    Aaprrarrrx aaHH3HHIIH cahN,rsxe qHxablrap sa uyhyu crparexr.r MeH-
    rera orraH fluppaxujaxu (Apa'ru1 ara Keqr{p.nr.rap. Ox,rap Eunp, Ma-
    xeaonrrja ra tDeccaJrujauu rapar erAHnap. Hopvau,rapa rapurH My-
    6apusaaa Aaexcej KounnH MaF,'Iy6 oray. Ja,rnns 1085-qu nir4a, Be-
    nercujauu xeuaja uarupar,rr,{aH coHpa, r.rMneparop ropuau,rapuu Ea,r-
    xar ja puua.aacuH.raH qbrxbr6 KerMecHHa HaHn oJra 6u.r.ru.6yHyn uy-
    ra6s,'ruH.r.a xca Berercrja ra'{rlpnapfl 6ejyx rnvapar ltltrajaa.napu a;r-
    aa eTAuJap.
    Jlaxrrs eaa o 3aMaHralra aaha '{}r.[.[H rah,ryxa japauau. Oaaa,r,rap
    rHcaMy.rlarnr 6acruu,rap eaeH Be anereH AyHajuH o rajuxa raju,lax
    fleqenerxep xunepujauuu hyaya,rapu aaxHJIIrH^4a rslur.rauara 6auraa-
    Mbrrxabl,,lap. A,rercejru neqelernepe rapust jYpYrxY oHyH.opAycyHyH
    TaMaMrrr,ra aapMa,raFbIH ean.rlMscH,rIo HarHI{a,'IeHAt'l. fleueHdi;iape, run-
    vanaap (noaoeec:Iap) Aa KoMaK earp,4finsp. funuar rouy ,fapu aa
    unnepnjaja Mf.ldxl{re eriunep. Typr,rap Kosctaurttsonoaa.rapubl
    6npxa hapaxar erusx 6apaaa neqeuernapJ'la .(aHbltxhlr.'Iapa 6atttiauu ur-
    Ilr,rap. YMu,ucasnHja rarIbIJ'IMbItx HMneparop hap6x xeMax .YyYH fap-
    6a ruypaunar ertu. O, neqeHernapna rHrtqarnapu (no,'roaecjrag.rra) 6xp-
    6upn'iua rorryurypa 6a,rau; I09l-uu ll-rHn jasun:a neuex'eh opaacu,
    .ueliar orap, raMavH,'le MahB eII.lJAfi. bxpHHqH xaq JYpYlxY 3aM€HbI
    Arercej :un,rouarnjaxuu xeuajn uaa Huxejaxu xepu lajrapau. Con-
    pa rrca l-ap6u Aapona vauxasapnepuHxH rana6anapuHAaH 6b_ rYpKJa'
    DHH car'rr{yrnapHH 03 apanapHH,(aKH attan uMaJiap]aH Hcrlr$aaa era-
    peK-KflqflK AcrjaHsru 6yiyH uruua.n-rap6 hwccacunr ea faph aaHHsHu
    .rany6 cahu.rx 6'ojyry xepn an4u. HunepujaHblH Ba3Hjj arlr 'xej.nn ueh-
    Ker{,,raHAH. Aurroinja xauau (ca.rr6uu) aea,laruuuH 6atqHcH -. '
    Ta-
    penr,ru Eoeuyua Esgancux BaccaJ'IJIHFbIHbI I'46y,'I eran.
    ' I122-qn u.nra neveneraapuH jeHn rorxyHnapu Opaxtrja oo Maxe'
    .l,oHniaHH Bap-jox,q,aH uuxapluaip. Jlaxnn ll hohasH Korlrsrg (lll8
    l,i3) xoudpiuapn aapuaaarun eaa 6tllan. Ey raxr.nap Beriercnja
    -l
    'ralrapraplr Kbncranrusono.tl.q,a sa EugaHcbIH 6aura uahap.nepxu.qa
    ' 403
    Ig-Lt."yy. rapaprrauabrnap. BeHerctjaau,raphr .
    HMneprj a yqyH e.qBe_
    ll_T!l: i{r_i yllja3rapaaH uahpyu erruax'uahaa yiyicys oi,ry. Be_
    ararr.apbr Ba cahr,r6ojyHy xapa'oidaia .reH:apn,l
    119;Tll^I-rI-r1, ?cbr
    I
    Ls.llMlfparopy Ar-eKcejHH ox,rapa sepaajr xy:5ur,rapa rec.lBr er_
    MaJe 6au.nuqa rah.nyxJ lllaprlau xos"lajap_
    er,ur.r. bH3aHchr
    .Me,ioyp
    ar. H.vngpnja rypxnapna canlryrrapna r*nydupra, ri"irnncrn:n Ku_
    - vany6 cahr.r.n6ojyHy Kepr{ a,r.4sl. ,rlaxun
    qtlK AcIJa lapblMaAacHHhrH
    le Oe,,racrux ycryH^a,a xaqJrHrrap"ra
    lvnajeorKaHu an',lar jtaiuoui,r"pr;) ryh;;;:
    6arap saxQ caaau. hune'puja ja,rxu: Ulr"aiu Cypi,ia-
    Aa ryBBarnH MoBre caxnaia 6Hr,4fl.
    XI I acpr.rH opra,,rapu iaau E_r.r_:aHc xapx,eu cH j acefliHr.rH arbl pJr brr
    ABpona j a KeqHpHJ,rAfl . Hr,a nepr,t ja CH urar".1 a HopM aH.:r apHHHH
    Y1q1asx
    Aapuarnxa reHx3l*ltlH cahu.l 6ojyua, KoprDy a:acirna, koprnrp'a, Ou-
    Baja R_e_ EKej AaHr.r3H aaanapHna jenr.r 6aciui,rapuHu gae irarr. i Ma_
    . nyr.n Kousrnan (1143-1180) uopuax,ra p,r a_nyha pa6aur Aratnjaja
    KeqHpMaK qgh,ur MaFny6ujjar.na coxa jerjt. ,rlailx Mauyu,r ea hixir_
    unjjaruxr. Cep6fijaaa 6aprapap eruaja, .Il,aauacxjauu xepH rajrap-
    Mara Be Mavapucraru EHeaucgan BaccaJr acbr,,rbrJrHru a'astjjjrtlria
    -onay. Anvar(Kmrk
    caJIMaFa. HaH, uunepajaHbrH ryBBaJtapH TyKaHyIrrxau-
    I176-qu r.uq MupxoxeQal Acrjaaa)' jaxuri.nuruiula MaHy-
    z,ra l(oxj a ( Pp.r ) cy"rrau,ruFbtHbrH rypKnepu-caJ'1,{yrJlapbr !,apr a La-
    FIIH erAunep. Huneptja osyayH 6yryn capha4,'rapu 6ojyn',ra uy.latple-
    ja xevuaja Ma'{6yp onAy.
    XII acpxH coHJrapHHAa xunepajauuu AaxHJ,rHHle aasujjar cou aa-
    pa,ra rejpn-ca6ar a1u: haxauujjer
    .yFpyHril lxrra.u,erJru rr.ry6apasa xe-
    AHp,IH; eJHH saMaH,4a re3-re3 capal qeBpHnHU.rapH 6au_r BepHpAlr.
    xlt ."Dre I Mauyr,,tuH enyMyHAaH. coirpa haxarr.rujjar as_
    Ercencn, iffurynyn
    - Jaurbl Il AreKcejflH rajjy:uy (pexeuru) AurHo-
    6araauiaiu'. xujanu Mapuja 6auraa onuar,ra 6np rpyn capaj
    HHTpHraqEInapbtHHH anr{Ha xeqan. Jegn haxuu-
    Jrep xa3HHaHfl uanu6-ra.lajup, avHr,,ra xra,rjan,rapu hxr,laja earp,
    oHJrapaaH xeuar ucrajxp4u.nep. flajraxrga Hapasu,rur auu6 .lauui_
    AbI.
    ll82-qH lraaa ycjaua ra,rxuuu xa,rr KoucrasrnHo[oJryH BapJrbr
    nra,nj ax (<"raruu> ) uaha.n.na,rapnuH xa pa6a_sa pa qeBr.rpau. Kor*rH,,,ap
    HaCJTHHHH 6Hp ronJg,qaH o.nau I AxapoHux KoMHHH ( ll83_l lgb) xa.ti
    ycjasunaau ucruQa,aa eaapax haxaurilierr ere xeqflp.lH.
    l4p[ QeoAanJrapbrH fipaAec]r alejhuua harxuxjjars xaauHr-u Aua_
    poHrlK oltJrapa rapuu ny6apxaa4e xup,la eeo.laa,rapa apxa,..raHMara
    Be raqnpnapjaH KeMeK aJrMaFa qaha xocrapas. O, cahua hyryryny
    aare br.,u,u, Ey hyryra acacaH uplr rpeoaa,r,nap, aBBa,,rJrsp, oHJraptrH
    UYJIKIapH cahunrapuuga ra3aja yFpaMErur KaMrrJrapHH jyiyHy a,ra xe-
    qupupAnaap. Ma'uyp,rapun es6auusa.nuruubrH raputrcbrHbr aJlMar
    . yqyH BepKlr juru.nuacu xrux cahnaHa caJrHHAbr. BasuQa;rapnH caru,n.
    MacH raraFaH o.nyn1y. Myacup.lrapHHuH xocrapAuKJrapllHa Kopa o ga-
    MaI! CaHaTKapnHt Be THqapaT Ha3apa qapaa'{ar rsaep qaHJIaHAbI,
    xeH]lnxnapxH aasajjaru MyajjeH raAep jaxrxHnau:H.
    JIaxBs Auapouaxuu uc.nahar.napu 6y naxra raAep ratrrarxyr er-
    uaru 6yryu Seoga,r leaaaru c creMrHa roxyHMarbr. Bepxx.uep, er-
    404

    ttr.:*--r-
    BaJTKI.I xHMu,. jeHAa Ia aFHp onaPar raJIAH,'laP. .&Ia'Myp,'IapHH .eha,'IH-
    Hs sopna cojMacbIHbIH rapUEICLIHH a,'IMar YqYH OH,raP YqYH he.qcU3
    ,u,apaqera jyxcax uaaauH6 t*ryajjau eaalar. A:^ar,iar.lap oJ'IKa;laH ro-
    sy,rrn.ra4urap. harra 6e;ra, BeHercl.rj arLuapbllr I 17l-qx n,raa -)!lanyu,r
    raparpuu.lax JreFB oJIyHMyIII uurnjaaaapu _1a 6apna eaunall. KoHcran-
    ruuorici.lr" raornplapx Hapa3HrbrrnapuHu 6u.n.lnpAunap; na jTaxr acu,l-
    aa4a,rapr Ba ajanar a'jaHnapbl uMneParopa rapuu ,eal6aaa,r ycjau
    raJraHpbrpaH. Asaousx uca 6yua MHcJItt KoPYHMaMHIx reppopJ'Ia qa-
    aa6 eep,iu-xyrraax e'4au,tap 6aru.naxru. Erp-6npH u,'la saaEar-
    arrapaH tlpu rpebaan rpynaapH llM[eparopa rapuu 6rp,laruaa.nep. Ox-
    .nap Cuuuanja KparLIHu xeuaja uarup,uuaap. I185-vl ua.q,a CHuxJI'I-
    ja iropuaHaapu (Decca.rosuxaulr aru6 xapa6aeapa leuaapasaap. Anl-
    poHrrKa rapubr rac4 hasupaau.qu. OHy eaa xeutpt6 uuxaHqa HJla
    e'aaM eT,[Hnep.
    haxnuujjaru II I,Icaax AHxe.r (1185-1195) aaa xeqrprr. OHyH
    gaMaHHHAa Auaponxxuu rar6ur er4ujr 6yryu jenn,'luxaap neFB e.llun-
    lv. l4pn a'.[aH.napun aJlfiu.u,aH anHHMbIu roPnar MYnKr'IapH Kepx laj-
    rapbrJr.nH. Agaa aharn jauajau ropnauapHH rarHrnapH,qa caxaBar-
    rj npoxnja o,rapar najnaHhi.rl4u. Bepxx sy,rr'ly laha ,la aprau. Hu-
    neparop KeQ Maru[cnaPH Ba ainaH',lanap YqYH xs3HHaHH,/IaFblr.b!pabt.
    Pvusaixopnyf aprMar,u,a u4u. Hunepuja DIr,raiarJlapx 6np-6up urr-
    p pan. h5.rra I183-qY x.raa Maqapnap ,ILa.luacujauu ryrMytxayr'Iap-
    I184-uy ulaa Kunp ajpuruuruaul l185-qH H'naa-Illxuaml Eo'rrapuc-
    TaH a3aaJLIn a,'IAa erMlllr' ll87-qH Hnaa xca Bugagc Eolrapucrar
    .IoBJIeruHt.IH uycrarxl.nujuttn ra6y.l erunu4u.
    90-vu Haaapnu opranapuHAa aH upn Maxe4oxuja Qeo,ua,uaprt
    HMrrepaTopa uraaT KocrapMaKAsH UMTHHx erAHrap.,l 190-"IbI Ila,u,a 6n-
    i-rrC Cipb;i; aegaarnsin aa r''r ycrarx,r.nu ju n I ia6y.n eran' ha'na X
    acpaa ja'panilunr 6y aeaaar XI eipxx oBBa,l HAaH e'ru6apau Elsaxc-
    aas acu.irH Nan. Tia6sou 4a osyny MYcrerHJI e'.laH erau' Oeoaa'r rn-
    iauaaou ieHuaaH rusbIIUAu. II Hcaax raxr,llaH canbIHAH Ba e3 rapaa-
    iuu Iil Anexcei (1195-1203) rapaQIrHAeH Ke3raPH qHxapHn.rH'
    XI acpHx coHy Xll acp.ua, xYcyc[na a3aa xeHA-
    Cxnor xy6rpBe. .rrlepux ha,na-ralAuru pajon.rrapAa, tpeoaa.nus-
    HH:r#: H#JTX,ffld:iTiT,HJ$,*HXX,Tffi?;,fi,;
    Qapr.raHnpAu. XI acpuH coH py6ylla-a. uuneplj.auuu ABporaaaKH. sJa-
    Jrrirrpnra", xycycu.rla opaxri.;i ia Maxeaoixjaaa, naoelvulap (naa-
    .nuxuauaap) hapaxaru jeuu4aI lau.nauabl; 6y hapaKarElH Mep-Ke3
    ,iirrrnno,id" na'r. Eypr,i" rapurerqrJlux hapaxaru 6ejyjapax XI ac-
    pux 80-ur'l HJInapHHAa a'lur ycjaHa qeBpHnaH' bE3aHc roluyHrapblHAa
    xlraMar,e,[aH asa4 *an.a,rurlap ]- nase,'I'lx,1ap ( na s'n nxuau'lap) uraar-
    Ba
    .qaH 6ojyH raqblp1Hnap. OH,rap hexyuar Ma'Mypnap-HHbI roBAyJIap
    6rrp uati"u uox luyaaai apsl.rnla uvireparop ha xx tru jjorlruu re6y'r er-
    uagu;rap. On.lapa rapuu KoHAepHJlaH opJly '[apMa'uaFHH
    erI{JI-
    gn. OHjlap uxuivr.r ytjanu XII ecpnn aBBaJlJlspuHAe ra"'IAblpAbl'qap'
    A,rexcej KouuaH hnj.ta n,la raBeJIqHropHH (nan'nuxuan'napun ) 6aur'
    q[rJIapb.Hbr ana KequpAH Ba oHJtapbIH ac;c rYBBarap[HH TopKcunah er-
    405
    *:.J:t:: lyTqaKqhrJrapbrHhrH
    JeHI ePnaPa KoqYPYnAYrap.
    J
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    tJHH 3aMaHra 6oroMHn,{H,t[jrrH ,(a ra'cflpH KyqneHrl,I.
    6oromr,rqu-
    I:p.ii:..:g'llll raBeJrqHnapHH ra,,*Mnsa i'r'i",i iiiiii'ov ra,Jrr.rM aa
    naMqrrHI.tH TahKHMTH hanHHa
    j*;y;;;ffi #"d;i#1,T}lli;iJf ,,.#ffi -,.Xl,ll"i:oi#
    i,;h;ps\rJMy a"rejhrxa flrrrrr.lMau
    ner e'rrpasst nan. Ebror,rn,rquaap pacMl
    eh xau,ra punu, xu,,iia I j epapxxjr., ui r"pr"rrr"_
    i11".::l:.:I".yl
    erM Hpnrrnep. oH.n-a psr u uosapirJJaix
    uxu.ns acac ysapuaaa
    P.I_11_.1?9y"
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    eAnp.qHnap.
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    .-._O_1lil
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    M a6aper heca6 eauplnaii; aqfiHaHHH
    hdp jep.la iaiauru uapa rapusr uy6apu:ra" .op, 'i't'r"a'
    Eorouanvr,'rap hdxyuar iryilal"Haar-airrn"-rri.. "i" lv:
    r,r-i
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    I II l-qlr r,raa Koncrasrrsoni Torp,,6aH
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    tl 86-.rbr Hnnapaa ycj a u ra,rhsrpr,a u r,, i uH, 6yHna pbrH
    nal?],.^i
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    M hrc br ^::..,: i ierna coHa
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    ue ac ria, ,rpa irra"H'6r urb,xapa
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    tr rj _
    nanapJ an aTbrp, xanrtnH resa6tur uohapar.ra .
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    P,I.T-lirl1q3::"naphr HprH.,ra' ny.r,raarpar.r.
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    Ias euo&r xaluulltrxp. Earura 6up Qltxxp Aa Baprup. haxuu'rfuxpj xepa 16oro-
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    406
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    uapu
    BaDJraDe HHall,'rH MYraBHMar KocreP.uHnap. MY6apx3aje 6o'nrap
    A'l.puauonon
    Ki.,roiau 6aurquaur er,(x. Ouyu opaycy 1205-ww.xnaayrpar'au' Xau'nu- la'
    xt{HJ,lhrrrrHAa xaqnLIJ'IaPH ruar'ry6ajjara
    yrypcy3nyr haraaau' K')'* t"ll1l3
    ,rapu Knuax Acuja.4a ,a.a"up'cuait.ir
    Hu Kej a H Mfl epl j acH ( M€pxa3'lap]r -nH' -u.."
    Eaixan.o,a MYcrar[n
    -HrrO.ji. aeBJlarnap
    ."i". 'itiio-tr
    CuupHa o.nuai.na Kuqux Aciiaiuu ulxvau'rap6. hnc-
    l.llitiii. i"nepuiuc" (l'apa aaHuarn vauv6 cahu'ru 6ojvu-
    (Apaqa) raaaP apa3HHrr
    a"i "" (opir"O xopQaariuiau .fluppaxujaja
    -
    ahara eaau Enup ncru6,a.aau MejaaHa Ka,,nH.
    Jlaruu ur*rnepujacu fap6H Aapona 6apoHnapHHa uaxcyc tfeo.u,a'r
    MvrxJlaDrHttH uehxeu o.nuajan 6upnHjH lt.lu OHnap,[.aH aH Hptl'lapH
    6Jx.nao' n.u.u,raD: Maxeaosvi a na Oecca,lujaaa tDecca'lonnxa Kpar'rbI-
    ii. nfronorri.la Axeja (Mopeja) xHja3nHFH, Opra Jyuauncraxla
    ArDusa-rDnea hepcor.nyry. Ou xpn rruapar MapKa3naPH BeHercula-
    ;ffi;D; ;;tr"- AapnaHdno,r, M'apr'rapa .raHxsui,ua Ma u'rap-Pe-
    .u,ecro, far.nnno.ns, fle.lonoxxecaa KopoH sa -''rt'r
    Mo.loH,.EKeJ 'uaHu3 ara-
    ;raou- Koxr a.(acu, KogcralrllHolloryH THqapar Maha"ua'lapx oH''Ia-
    pui lirti'. -"ra*. JliruH I unepu j acuiaa rbeoia'n .na ruuur'ruru hoxu -
    'rrrroa 6y .aes,rar rptola,r topnar MY'rxnapxHa 6e'ryuvyur-
    "anpar:
    ;;,'-e;;r; ;; ruvoaxxa6 ortrevu r-et6ri oryay-p-ay' Ejutr
    iiir#i, *rrarr'i5prx Qeosaa "u.i.rro.
    acblJtHrILIFbl KYtLraHrpaIr' l4urra'n'ru-
    ,raoun raDadxsa x-eqvHru EvsaHc Qeo.ua,r.napu 03 MYJIxnepl.lHH Cax-
    ,r airrruau.tta'p. fap6n Aspona Qeo:a,r,rapuuux bn3aHcH
    HttlFa'l er-
    *ri.n , r"rirraa oypa.rd rri"',5 *"r,nr-i QeoJ.a'r ra'cacar"lapu aaha
    6HTKHH OopMaja rYxuY.
    JIarriH ncriaacu BugaHcHH, o tr{YMneraH 6lp uox uuxluaQ erxHlx
    uahap.napuu, raHa33YnYHa ca6a6 o.n1y. Iac6xaplapur xaro.rux raj-
    1W
    IaChI HJ,ra H6aAar TaT6[r el
    l-.
    I
    ,1{:i19_p1,,,'.i,,i;",'ii..".'#,'#!::t!'S-1,!:tf
    Hapa3bIJIHrHHa ca6a6 o,r lv,JJHa JT.*T,#"*iii
    * aesiarr'e;;-_-Hr* ,,Mnep'ja-
    cu aa Enrp ucra6aaau, sl han_qnr* s.r.ii""r., ,,iillqHrapHHa
    ;:iH"" I lT,il:il [:fl Ji;], "i3ly P' An *;i ; ;
    ;lplil'""ol a, n .v"-
    " j.
    ropyiliil;;;-ii,,;;"fi ;ii1j?qlli*',,h.*:,:l.,,Xm;,,^1ff;*
    crra, Qeo4aa o36a ubrHa,,rbrFHHHH aparaH raraupuarlcura,
    rll epny japaau,ruacuxa urn, orry. o, ,;;;-;";;:'"!ir"pnru ryBBar-
    rrrK AcrjaaaH chrxHur,lhroH6_ qHxapiau,' ilp;' xn_
    'er,(r sa Enap Hcta6AaAunu
    r;;'a;;,i;jaHg ra6e
    ;;;rr"-".
    rapuu "r..rrr'l;
    Jlarunraprru aFanbrFhlHa ".yryri uy6apu:a.{e 6alrau,la ryBBa xann
    I(yrne.rapr u,ar. Baraunapaaorr* rt
    n_i,rtr;X;"r_
    "aiEyi,iau,ia _6;"-;;r, pHH 6Hp
    rucMr.r [qepncr_rHra .4a Kvt{..reH Nl.r u]ar.
    aapu Snsaucun jaaea.nr acaparnr.u,au a3a.1 Hi*.ir-.nrn"prrop-
    acraQa4s
    elu,ruac,rHi Ha[,l onMar.
    ,a,a er.{Hnop.
    .Ex.anc xmncpxiacr.rr" xaJITHHHH es ncrur,ra.ruiiara yFpyH.na
    6epna oayrinicu. iI-1-1,
    y3yHcypaH uy6apasacn *"rnr""nriii,
    l26i-;i;;-
    ,tt4. MvBarrarH o,raH JIaruH nunepujacu
    y..panbr Be oxyn xapa6a,ruri, p" cyryra
    nr"pr"n"a;j;;r';;'
    llfipqan,Ifl. Mahxo aa veeux suj2s31qH o.nan io,yuuy ;Xllrc aeBnarH
    V^l II rltrxax.r rl-aaeo,ror r zss_l rzb'zi".ral;;
    H,l**i, t a*uru
    1 ;;,";l;;#;:
    * 6 YtYs aYru uaH.n apr'r u x 64p,ra,rari, 6r.ffi . Be,ercn; ir:
    ia
    "
    :1:1,P1-' gn
    nepu1acHHa rapruu uy6aor: JI;;;;'
    l
    {1:h;;;;ru;;;,,j,y""#iliit",,l;i:Xff
    .nurapHH acraeaac erruxnaplr l,:,:,r"T":X,l.X,$.{llJil:
    rxoajrati n nrrul r:r.aprr"oi-" *""y;rro-
    napa Bepl.lJrMacH 6ahacusa carHH aJrbrHnbr. I26l_,.{H
    u,rAe Mrxar.r
    rouyHnapbr xexy1a;ru,rap,x';-ii";;;;;;r;;J,
    I:.I"?,Lo.y*
    HliH KeMai,, x,ta nairaxru ahan,rcH_
    xeu palt. Sr.ur. ,rn"pri;.;;;;;
    'rrl.lr"r"
    o.ryr:1. Huneparop raxrbrHna r., rirJi',uri*rrn
    ".lra
    onornap cyra"racH iuehxau.nau,{lr. Ey cy,ra,,la Br.rsaHc nrr._
    zeBn;rt-rufl 6a,su
    Qacrr,ra,rap,ra ta hauuu .aoBJrarlH BapJ,rr,rFbrHa cou rojyaaHa ralap
    ( I26l- 1453) HAape ernr.

    _.-.4axrs 6apna oryHuyur Busauc ulrnepujacu 6up saxr,rap ryapar-


    apa3srrapa MarrK oJrMyrr 6ap es,rairH jarHus xoaxa_
    l,l
    att .::.,*,eLI_r_
    tu . nEJu 0y AsBrarr{-H rapxn6tta auqar Ktqtr Aculauur uruua.r-
    sa MaxeaoHrjaHhrH 6np hrrccacN, 'Oacca.ro" r.rxa,
    1"p1: _y-punrJj,lsruaraaapu,
    :^p_yi."j:Il10.3rx fle.ronesnecAa 6rp cupa 4ajar m3ar3i
    Ien€-p H (mHCTpa, MoHeMBacHja,,Majra) aaxan aan. Tpa6son HMrrep[-
    JacH Ba t nlrp Hcrlr6Aanbr Mycrarr.rnJruKnapnuH caxli.{uaap. tlal^eo.
    .nornapbrH 3aMaHbrHAa Ensauc lrunepujacuuu ayruuasaap h-ap
    rapaQ.
    ,(aH c6rxbrrx.[.HpltuJ'ra p: uap-rnaH TypKnap, uHMar,rnaH cep-6,rap aa '6o,r_
    rapfl ap hyrryM e.4fl paflrap. Muxa u.n lla,reo,roryu h anlmxj jarl
    aaBpyH.la
    Ca.ru,ula rparu ',4,r,*yry '(ap.r
    :"^y9a"^1111 {yrrMaH. -
    Heano.n
    -
    rIeJAa oJray; nerercnj a.lsr.nap Apxane,rar aAanapbrHHH 6r.ip rtlcMr.rHr,
    xexyja,ru.lap tca lapa .4aHl3,qa 6xp cupa aajar *"nrr."r"pn"n ,y".
    Mlruay,ryap; narbrH qcHKaBeprapu fleaonouuelaa oa Opra'JynaHuc-
    TaHAa 63 MynK,'rapHHH ha,ra.qe cax,raj upnbrJ,rap.
    408

    tr** .- r, -
    cor 6x3qHc ErsaHcuH BapnHFI HbtH coH Hr{t.t acp japbrMH
    ,o.1',i-+yl_.-- Qeoaaa :uyuacr6arnapHHHH hoxupau,rsiru aerpl -
    o;ljil;i,:ffi* rYp'
    A3aa KaHrJIH"IeprIH acu,ru Qeo4aa xaur.'Iu-
    ;J;;v;'-'---' J'IaprHa qeBp[nMacH npocecH 6aura uarup. KeHe-
    xycyciJiaraapn. ,rHnapa [aplrK,rape 6l.rp Qeola,ruu ropna-
    ruurlau -cap6acr cyparr,e i KepHHr.tH ]t).jix\rHO
    KeqMaK ta,{aFaH o;rvn-vp. .{es,rcr cspaHqa\rJapbr deora.r,rapa ralar
    napuKrrapn ra6ya erlraja Hqa3a BepMHp 83 oH.,rapH a3 KeqvHU aFa-
    .rapuna rajrapuaFu ra-re6 e.u.upau. Ilpouuja oJapar 6sxuur[ Bepujl-
    rfl-rIx TOpnar MYJ'rKnapH, TaMaMHJ'ra, vyajjax uy,rAar.rrc rr ahly;.r a ut4tr -
    pblJaH uaprx lcruQa,ta ropnarJrapr,rHraH lap6u Aspona Oeo.t). Bd ja
    ,leHH caja[ ]rpcr{ Mynx,'rapa qeBpxnHp. I(au1"'ru,rapuu Qeo.aa.,l acu.,ru-
    irbrFbrHtrH rarlr orapar raHyHnauMa c[rHAa eKcKyccHja vyhyu po,r oj-
    uatu. Excxycgrja uyajjau apa3HAaH repxu juruar hyryryn,4au, trtau,
    To-xyHyJxa3J'rHr (xuruyxarer) hyryry eepa,r u t ur 6axrxl xr ropna[,'rapu-
    a qeBplJrMrlx.rr. Toxyuy,ruas,rur (HMMyHHrer) hyryry -aepu"rnnru
    Qeo,u.anJapa oH.rap,a.aH acbl.rrbr oJaH ahaan ysapaula xernur uahxaua
    sa nHgu6arl hyryr,rapa MaJHK o.rrMa.rrapu 6apa.ra ra'uxxar oepn-
    .l IrpIlr.
    Con Exsaxc .[oBpyHAa KaHAJrHrrepHH acrJnbrr,rur QopManapbr Myx-
    Ta,ru$ llAH. Acnau raua,'rn.lapHH acac rpyny upir ropnar rrcru-
    - re3-re3
    tfaaasraapH (napxrrap) u.na janauu, MeH6a,'rap <ja,{.lap} Ba
    ia <asa.[rap> (eaenrep,rap) harruu,la.ir,a Ma'.ryMar Bepxpnap. Ey xaHl-
    r[rep aa ropnaFa Kopa acu,ru eesujjaraa t-rrHJap. ,r'laxnu oHa xepa
    <aAaA> a.u",raH;Ip,(Hnap KE, hala aepxu cujahu,rapuxa laxun e.flrJl\lQ-
    vxrxll.rJrap Ba ,naBxaTa BePxu BepMHp,{x.'rap. AaaTaH, uysjjaH :uyaaar
    rieqalrK.(au coupa Qeotar.rap eneBrep,,raptl .ra nap xrapuH aasnjjarlHa
    ca,rhIpAHn ap. Acu.,ru xaHn,rrr.rapuu rpmaa.r iraJrHKaHe,taprHAa j a uaj an
    rryajjaH huccacn rahxrv.lx Ba3HjjarltH.l,a lr1x. tDeolaraap 03 uexcu
    ropna r.rrapHHbrir (loneruu) 6Hp huccacunr uahcy,ryx uyajjan najunu
    a.r r! a r,uyra6uJ'ruHr.a naj'rH KaH-I.l unapH xqapaj a BepHpJ.unap.
    Kau.r.lu:rapaaH aJrbtHaH peHTaHbrH ecac hrrccecu, 6aur.nuua o.rapar
    a!',r Hne a.'tuHaH, <hojar6auu BepxH> a,I.raHaH BepK Ul.H. El ua a-ra-
    Ba onapar uahcy,r, acac e'Trr6apxJra raxbr,'r Ba ,raxup rejvycy :a eaa-
    rrlrJ-rlrpArr. fIapBx,rap 6ujapa aa (axuH.ru,nuja Ba apa6aqHnr,Ira) Kenrp-
    .aH.lep. ,lloFpyayp, 6rjap xyu,rapuHHH cajH EusaHc,la a3 rAu: fl]rnep]l-
    jauuu 6xp ctlpa BunajarJapaH^{a [JI,[,e 12 KyH, 6s'3l.t.raprura ltc;, hrQ-
    ra,a,a I xyH H.dn. EyHyr,'ra jaHauu Qeola"'r.rap qox"ly er'raBa p\:crN-
    "rap - Mar'r-rapalaH oHAa6up, opYuaaH xcrHoa.(o, 6a"lur ryrl'.ruacu
    Ba oB Myra6HJrHH,Xa, aFaHbrH lajupuaHuuaau, jar ea uapa6 qeKaH La3-
    xahJ-rapHHlaH HcTBQa.asje xepa (fap6n Aapona 6aua;rureru xttttx)
    harr, nahxava sa 6a:ap xoupyxJapH sa hap uyp rejpn-aan BepKr.rap
    a.irbrHhrplllr..[.oorar rryxa",r,raQu jjar,rspxxux aFbIp iYKY M6hIa]l"'laH-
    tlprrnMnrx hap6n vaararaaap ruKMaK, hap6 xauu.lapu-rypaufblpMar
    rryxc.,r,raQu jjarn sa c., ha6e.ra xH,rcaHHH xejpaua e,raxlr,raH BepKtl.rla-
    pfiH afbrpJbrFhr KaHInHnepHH Y3apnHa .{YtxYPAy. XIV-XV acp.rlipna
    tlo-\a.l-
    QeoAaJ peHracbl, xYcycuJra MYxranHO I{YP a'[aBa BepKflnapfiH
    ]racbr heca6brua aprAbl.
    XI I I-XI V ecpaapra 6usanc,{a a3a,[ KaH.riII{ ta6aracu rar jq Hr]r I(BI.

    .i
    Aorpy.nyp, 6yHnapHH cajhl, aprblr, as HALL A3aa KaHAnI{nap, 6arllrHqa
    o,rapar, Kurax Acrjanuu, fle.nonosnecru aa EnuprH aar pajon.ra-
    pbrHAa jaUlajHpar,urap. Ey jep,rap,Ea HqMa rajaarapHHHH raJIHrJqa-
    pbl ryBBornr HAfl. flenonoHHecaa jauajaH c,raajaH,rapuru Kt{MaeHHbr
    6yna uucaa KocrapMax o:Iap. Ha.qup HcrucHanap Ha3aPa anbIHMaMar-
    ,ra cou E[saHc l.tlrMacbl, aprHr, a3aa H',IMa.4ejfl,'I, Qeoaa,lgan aculsr
    oaag rahxuu.lln HqMa H,q[.
    XIV-XV acPJapaa EngaHc umscaax jj arblHAa
    6fl3alcr,a aMTaa-nydrtuyHacu6ar,napuKer,ltKllagahauyhyu
    .oeolan racap- Dor oiHaMaFa 6au-r,rajup. KaHAIO 6a3ap yqyH
    "*r"l"rXll#ili'"" ia*or' sa 6aura uahtyjr.rap ucretrs.aau apiu!'
    Xapuuu 6asap.na ala-ra japautlp- XIV-acpAe oec-
    ""ir"i'"'.irr*r. caJroHHKa. Poaecro, Moueusacuja xnQajat raaap
    IpI raxbrJl rr.lqlaParH MepKa3JlapHno qeBpHnAnnap. AMTae'nyn MYHacH-
    6St.rapHuun EHXH[a(pbl HarHqecHHAa KeHA.lluJlaprtH HarypaJr MYi(a.tL;-
    rprjjai,rapunHu 6up iucr'au nyJI oaaHl{uaapr HrIa eBa3 oJIyHAy.'Ey Aa
    iaia;rn,'rao sqapncHHAa aMJIaKa KoPa rs6aranalxMaHH KYqIJrSrIrltpal{.
    klrrl" -iapaHAbI.
    Eyiyrua janaun, xan4.lu;tspnn 6np
    "'aor,'ra6ara
    hacc"cr r',rf6rucrau-tax s'e joxcy.n.lapa '{eBpfina . XIV-XV acp'tlapa
    aul caHeanapil,a re3'Te3 aI{T}lMOHJIap aanaHaH l(eH,llrHnapflH aM-
    ja'nu ioxcy,raapuu, a1u raxu'ntrp' ott'rapun rivapucrH- -
    ;;.;;tid,
    a"r, Or'."'", uyialy iruruilaap- - mucruja'nap (uucror'nap) -'ldiiupau-
    naD. haMfiH My3any IuqHn3p, xer,[HKtla aaha res-res, Qeoaa'rnaPblH
    ;"-i;r";;i;; .'u-iii_r'"p, ahar3 eaas uexc*r roprarJlapHHu (AoMeHu)
    e;';;":t;' ;";e ory'rypayr"p.(noxap:raplnTahxru.nu xeulau'napnu 6nJa.p- euajH
    Be haier-6aqa I{sHAruJlapI{HxH - tapu ) anaju XIV acp'
    ii* t"rrri.pr.,
    '(aortlen aprui' Qeoaa.'r,ra-puf ucxc .
    racappYQ'aY'aptHAa
    racioiv&arnapLl Hra ) nuc6araH a3 poJI olHalHp'
    '- Krra,lrrriiriri uyQ;tuc.lauruacuHa
    -
    ceJIeMqfl rHK aa KoMoK eanP'[u'
    XIV-XV acp'.napaa ianau'rHnujfiH HHKHuTaQH 6apara 6Hp'qox MYa-
    Oi,rap ccaauuu'rlaP qhaMraiQanaPHHbr
    ctlonaDH Ma';yMar BepI{pnap
    ilfl,j J ;;il'p;;, .u'rt iun' t u; u'n'iaP' aa'ranaupbrpAblrlap'
    IraH'
    Ensa Hc-

    -'
    aa csraMq,nap MoHacrHpJIap
    "i.raaap Ko-
    Ourea-n1i.n eJIaraJIapHHIrH llHKuuaQbl Ba KaHAJII'IJIopHH oMJlaKa
    rHJIMacbI
    n. re6:rre,ra[tMec[HHH a prM acbl Qeoaa'rlsu rypynyuyHyH rypynyuy' na
    ca6a6 o''I!v' oe:anfl3M
    i*ayp.r"prrm tuejaara xa,ruacxHa :uejaaua xa'rltacr.r' I-op6N Aspona o''t-
    HvH .[.aFbtJ'IMacbI YHcYpaapI.IHxH
    rciia''xlv-xv Er ga uc xas'autae''ts, x
    l##;' ;;; pal'l
    ;-iral acpaaprn
    cyp'aua KeA yuyn hajaru
    xltl-xv ecpnrpae
    xIII-xV ocpJrap Er{3ancbr urahap.
    xeiaHrotc aprMacH caq[jjaBI{ I{aI'I.
    br3auc uanepr' ja,r,lui
    ""rraaurvrv*i qeBpH.II-
    iaiul r1![aparH Mapl(e3napHHa uahaPuurn
    q1r'p1u-'lap Etisauc
    MHu 6a'3t.I uahep.nap ,",'"" '"'*"
    ,.ara"oril-"ri ,'tu"n ntta''u arup sap6a Byp-nyi brsaHc Hra'l-
    cahn6'raprl Hna ronry'
    iau raulp,rcpt.t R'1 caHJTKap e'lualalxauacu lu.xuuratpu jeprfi EH-
    i]snaDsts pcra6uru, h"mqlnvx' t"'"""n"jrln
    ,-r"a'i""ri*, p., up oir," *""' ouaap rc6uta'rapttttuu '!oxty'rr a urlt acsl Be
    urahap n'ne6ej'nap,H,H cblpana-
    i,"'fr .rr.r.r" J.,,ria ca6a6 o,ay
    fu*ir.rpurro oHl caiqa a prt'r p'! Hr a p'
    410

    u_-
    Hunep-xjauun Qeola.l.
    Qeola.l haxnu,repuHHH v3arKeplta: cl-tjacsru aaru-aaru.
    qecHIIIa
    !IecuHlla .)(-l V acp.laH
    uHaa XI acptaH ee'ru6apaH,les,rarlr
    TubapaH foBJarrrH iapu.lr' cHjacJTt.ttut
    H xapHqx cuj acoruHur ruyhyrr.r
    ruyhyr'r
    hlrccacu Kerija, BeHercuja, [Insa ga fapOx. Aspoia raqrp.lapHHrH
    a"rHHAa qarrraHMH r.D,tr. I4Mnepfijauuu an uyhyv MaHTaraJaprrHrJ _
    @ecca.nouuxaga, A,[pnanono,raa, IIe,,ronoHHec[H, f er,rax o,:ap, 6yryx
    urahap.laplula, Es6eja, Kpur, KHnp ala,rapsrHla BeHerc[iaaorH rlqa-
    par Qaxropnja,rapH BapArr. Eocetip cahHirapauaa vohxauaauau xe-
    ryja,ru.rap e3 ra'cup.rapuHH lapa -4anus cahu..rJapfiHa :a jajau.,rap.
    XIV-XV acp,'ropAa fapa IaHugAa oa Exej aauusllxla xeHyja,lbrJapHn
    Ba BeHercnj an HrapbrH KaMHJrap[ hexupau,rur eaHpalnap. ExsaHiHn
    ollp BaxTnap ly,u.peTnH or,raH IoHaHMaCH TaHa33yna yFpaMb[xa]i.
    6yryx 6y ca6a6,rap XIV-XV ecpJlapra Er.:aHc urrncarnjjarur un
    TaHe33yre yrpaMacHHa ca6a6 o;r.ay; hap,{eH.q KoncraHr}rHono.r npE
    Tnqapar uapKa3 poayny ojuauarla ,(aBaM e1np, Euaanc raqnp:rap[-
    HHH aJxHIa nca xejrH capBar raJrbrpArrr.
    .l;.J#
    ILI IjIJ:l#gf f"?#f"' ffi.'#',P,,:lff "XT,;:".d#j;;
    3raoraap ycjaiu. xaHAnX ranxhtp.[bl. EyHaaplau an 6e-
    -Y^cJaHnaphl
    tzbz-qH.
    t JyJy caphar HJr,[a orMylr] BHQHHEja aKpxrJ,re-
    pl.rHrrH (HrrlIK AcHjara hep6H MacKyHrrapHiHH ycjasn yau.
    -
    Huxej a jaxunaurbruAar(br Burpuuuja aaFrapbrn.u,a jarua j an- asar
    xaHa_
    JHJrap,[a ycjaua ra.nxlruru axprrrapa roury,uay,rap. iaaaru""acrsa
    xej npxah <KeHrrH> Kp a brHa uir aua ri ycj a H,iuri p lrtr*-iir-
    J,r
    [Ia,reo.ro-
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    xaplrtr{H HUFaJ HernqacHxaa 4eju.r, hau ,[,a Aaxx_
    narrreaipr. .rIu ca6e6aap Y3YHAaH 6au BepMHlIrAH. Eyn,rap-
    .[aH aH 6aunhrqaaapu EHsancuH r.rrrncaar Te-
    Ha33yJly, hap urejaan aBBen, caHarKapJrbrFHH Be rnlraparnH TaHe33yny
    (6y, xej,rn rapar{aae, uunepxjaja jaae,rnu rawnp,rapnn sa cahx6xap-
    apHH coxynMaJrapbr, oHyH urrtcalu j j aruuur capcHrM afl apH lt,'ra a,'ra-
    raaap nlu), xaul,'ruJ'rapr.rH oa uahep.napaaxn xaJrr Kyrranap[Ht.rH aFHp
    nssnjjeru, EusaHc uauujjart-tHAa cHHQri sllllujjarlspllu sa haxurr c -
    uxQ Aaxr.,tuura tay6apxaanuH KecKr.rHrauMacrr, coHcys QeoAar Ar.rAHrx-
    MerapH Be Qeo.la.l a'jaH.napuuuH xej,rr hrccscnrrr,rx carruu cujacaru
    untr. TypK rahnJxacu rapuHcbtHAa Ersascu KoMaKcH3 rojaa flana-
    ,rur e.r l-ap6u Aspona loaaar,rapHHHH e3 uanQaar.lapnHu -KyAaH ct-t-
    jacarrr tlll Eugaucr,rs l.rahsuua KoMax erIH.
    TypxujaHux Eusaxcsr, 6a.nxax japuuagacbrH.laKH c.lasjau 4ee,rar-
    i'rap[HH Ba 6arlra tronaaraapn HrxFaJ'l erMacn 6y olxa.nap.qa jauajaH
    xanrrapa cajcbr3 -h eca 6cbr3 uycu6ar,rap xerup.tx Be oHnapbrH Myrar.
    nopar6r yqyH ,4apnH MaHOH Harr.tr{arqap IoFypIy. Ey Hruna,r I{axy6-
    IIhpr Anpona o,,rxe,raprrHuH coHpaKbr Hrrxcar[ uuruuraQuHu ysyH
    MyrjiJr yqyH .,raHKrlrarz; 6ypaaa jeHH xcrehcaa uyHacu6sr.napuHrn,
    aprblr, osyHJ jo.n avrraarga oJ'raH lrryqraprr.rJrepuHH 6oray.
    . Typxxja aFa,,rbrFblH6rH.6eprcpap or,l t!{ acbr r{,ra 6np sauaula 6a,rxaH
    ia pbIMaracbrHIa(6r craBjaH xa.,rr,tapbrHHH sa 6aura xa,qr.qapbrH ja-
    415
    jarHHAaH acbrJrhr or'rMajapar o AeBpyH 6yryu uucanlapLrHbrH racoB-
    sypl'ua honuyur.ay.
    Xpucrr.raH ArzHn ra'au:vru uox.lry Qa;lcerfu oa.quxu
    ^ qapejaHrapHH My6apu3ecu Re 6yHynra 6up,ruxge
    . *,,"Yf,;u,l:p,,,H raptxhlnHrJ'In re'cup-u-u4eu japarvuu:ltlp Eyn'
    ;;;i;-;il;pn?.' napbrn Hrrapfict HAa LlcKeHAapujjalu jahyau QN-
    nocoQ-v jeuu nraroxuar,r TepaQaapu Oa,rox ea Poua.nu croucrgu
    -
    rapo@Aapbr Ceuexanuu rej arapbrHhrH xycycn aher'ar.rj j aru napasr.,rla-
    KuH coHpa"rap xplrcrraHJrbrFbrH +arcaQu ocacr'rapbr
    caQu acac"rap uox 6aj a ruraugblpbr"rrMbrrx.ilr,r - hapvaua
    fap6u
    6y @al-
    Poua tunepr-
    -
    jacbrna -loiryulMy[r <6ap6ap"[ap> yqyH aHra[br"rraqar [raxro cal'rhtH-
    Mbrru laha npuMr.lTHB .q,HHu raceBBypnaplu uehxalr roxyua,rapu heca-
    6HHa 6oj arAbr.
    Opra acp Qeoaa,'I -KI.r,'Ico ayHjaKopyIrJYHYH 6yneopacrua lV ee V
    ecp,,rapfiH roBuaFhrHAa hrnnou urehaprnrx (IIInualu Atppuxaaa)
    jenauiony Aarycruu (354-430) roja)'. O, xpHcrI{aHrIbIFbIH, acacaH
    Huxeja sa Koucrautuuono,,t xu.nca jsrruuuar,'IapbIH,(a 325 gc 381-qt
    ur,rapAa raca r oJIyHMyIx ehranqu MYAAaaJtapblHa, osyuyu uuuajr6
    h asupra4uru <KHJcaHI.IH j ex aue aQse4uutl po,'Iy ha rrHHAa > Ta'r I.I MI'IHI'I
    enaBa er.x.u. Aorycruu uyxrarutp Tapnrarqll uapajaHlapa rapubr raa-
    aapqachrHa My6apn3a anapblp, xYcycfi uy.nxnjjar hyryryHy rern cy-
    paiaa (6up ehxartr xHr'ln) acacnaHAblpHp, Bap,'IbI.Iblr. Ba joxcy.n,ryry
    la,r,rahnH tttt-tu, e'JIaH eaupau. Aerycrnu eeyuyn <Allah les,rern
    ^

    hamuuaa> (<De civitate Dei)) 6au acapgHAe AYHja raprxr 6apaAe


    xpncrHaH recoBBypYHY BepMnInaHp. Ottytl xoucencnjacElHa Kspa, aqlrH-
    ,i o,ran i,jdp .qea;Iarurua-1yHja ja (civitas terrena) rapulu
    "r"nu
    Dean haiaraa oHyHna qyrFa[lMuur ha.n4a oJlca aa, <aJlJIah roBJIarH)
    1'civitas beil aypip. CoHyx',ryHyn
    (ja'Hn <a,r,tah 4eenaru>ultn
    -. rapu )
    nyuajau,raor rii,iiaaup; oHyH BosHOocH xpI.IcrLaH,a,auuun jajuar'na
    <AqHHHA CA,']TAHETI-I>>HA 3ESAP '{A,1MAT, TAPUTST'IEPHH. KOKYHY KECMAK,BA
    6vrvH nHcaHrbIFr,I <haruru ,luHa) .{eHAapMaKAHp. ABrycrHH oeJla ne-
    KH, rapl{x tt,rahn nlas,ra unruuaQ eallp; o3Y 4c 6y uu-
    "i6'alnpan
    KHuaQ jYKcanaH xarJlo - uHcaHJrttlFbIH caaAar[Ha AoFpy Kealrp'
    AuiycinnHn Hpa,llt cYPAYjY rapux t.l.nahu TYBBaHHH upaaocn l'{JIa
    uuxuuri6u harruuaaxu $rxup (npooeneHcl.Ia,lH3M ) opTa -3cpn0pI{H
    -n-*."'tupux
    6viv" cae6ril.laruHutr nasapn scacbl orlAy' XpucruaH
    e4au Aerl c-
    o.irijurrrp", oe raplrnaruu.napu a'{lHxaHl'li ryp6ausr. enauhaM
    tun ea's e.iapau xu, oH.iIapH TaKqa ItHaHAHpMar aelxr' ra l<uJca
    erllaja au6yp erMelt Jla3bIMAHp O, heuqnxru xu'lt-
    r^"*rl"'6v,'Oepexairrn
    "" ,,,rr"t r jeidaa uyhaQnsaqflclr orMacbl harrblH,u'a
    ;yd;" ;;;.,-rjrd--t u.r1i,,a" Ev uvaaaaja xepo
    "a"rr' x,r'nca <n;rahu
    6anaxrr>lrH rioMditt II.1.r IlHcaH.IapblH xyHah'rapuuu 6arsru''raja u''' 6y-
    ;iI;;;; ;r;;r;'u.,6.:,' .vprv,vur' 65xur ea' 6nrap Ev rr"rttrt xn't-
    'ahauujjarnun aprblpabl sa pyhauu'lap'ru 'lllH'laprap
    aJrr, 1'ryr,, ,
    KvrJracrr apacuHAaKbl IaPxH Q'apt, t"' 6yp311a
    (6irp elttar'r rNmu)
    ;J;;,;;;A;iil;, ov'*i,t,r. 14, xvcvcu'nc, opra acp rap6 xpnctuau
    xn,'rcecll Y{YH Xap a KTep u K,[l] p '
    ^"";y;ffi;"6;;'", Aoiy.rnti,, ahrji arqbl'rHr ee Qa'rca4u rapuxtr
    u'r
    KOpym.lopr{HAa uox'ry sn.urujjat.tlap aipar'' Pacuu
    xulcaja Ayuruen
    418

    L,*
    ttopyrnnapuH repaQAapJ'rapbrHhrn Aa, MacaJeH, BHrunQ, Jau fyc ra
    6.-unu, ouyx 6a'slr uyalaa;rapbrHa acac,raHMaFa uehl' xecraplra.rapu
    6,yrryH,'ra usah o,ryayp.
    ap6ap 6acrbrHnapu aa nHruaa6u ycjau.rap sa_
    Ktlrcolrxrl rrrllcaatl MaHbI KHJtca e3 MyJIKnopHHII sa eM,raxblxhl xauH_
    *1fli1"\?|.Tfla,M.cf,xli a 6*ra;, h;i;;';.p; Jr,
    cax.r aj *.1., n rp-
    aclrapra rbIpAhI. U QeoAa,'urauMa npocecrrHa Qaaa xover "i'
    {eo,qa,raaurnracu. eTAE Ba 6y RruAa a3_ po,'r ojuaualu. Aprur', ep-
    . KaH opra,nyhyv
    qoxlH.ia roplar cahe.raprnux
    ecprap_lJ lap6ll Aapona e.,lKJ,taprrHnH
    huccacli vol airsrp.ra puu, jennc_
    KorIirapbrH, HpH KrrJrcar,rgprH pl haut hej'cruur.tH .rJxHfo ,r's.r;raHI,rutx_
    qH; x_HJ'rca acbrJrbr K3H.t.,ru.laprrt ulrejIult rJ.Ir.apJHfJa TJCTJTC\rap e:1Hp_
    ,.u.. Ku.nce Seolar.rapu Qopva,rauruarla o.rau eeo:a.r ujepipxujl-
    cuntra vyhy:ra jep ryryp.ry'.rap. Kpa"t:rapux Bo 6aurra .lynje-ari haru-v-
    ,3pl.rH Baccal'r,rapu oaaH 61' Qeonal",rapuu e3JeplHHrr J,s rro\.-Iv ra6qa
    pyhaHH aejHn, halr lo,lyujaau aacca.rr,rapu aa-pau. Hpu xu,'ria
    Qeo-
    ./laJrJrapbr KeHr]rx roxyHy"'r]ras;rr,rr hyryraapuHa Ma"rHK Hglr",rap. I(u,rca_
    HxH t..IrrHca,(H Be H'{TrMaE HyQysynyn }tohxaMrraHr'racuH,u,a trroHacTbrp-
    ,rapuH 6ejyx ahauujjaru Bapru. 529-qy na jaxbrH Hypcla;lu Eene-
    ,urrxrrn japar4uru Mosrexaccuno (l4r amjana) uouacfr,rpu rr,:rJ rr"'tK
    pahrz6 rtauajjernsuu opAeHHHHH acacu roj1,lly. Ey
    - 6eueAurrqu,rap
    ,+aurjjarxu Hr.r3aMHaMacHHAaH coHpaKr,t epKaH opra ecp MoHacrHp,ta-
    punuu j apaAr,r.rMacr,rHAa xeHru ucraQa,4a o,,lyHly. Ey uoxacrr,rp,ra-
    pblH Ia qoxy 6ene,quxrux.rap uaurjjaraua uaxcyc HAH. Aprur, VII-
    VIII ecp.napaa MoHacrbrpJap na jenucxon My.rKJraprl, aaarai, rrrrrcaAu
    hejar uapxa:,rapr4 r.ta tapi oHr'rap.[a jauausr japuapraaap rieqxpll,lup-
    ,rn; ounapa uaxcyc jepaapaa acbubr KsHA,'rnJ'raplrH-KoJ'roHJap Ba cepB-
    r;rpHa auaja uaa 6evapu.nau xexrur racappyQarrap Bap.Ibr. Bap.rarian
    MoHacrtrpnap na jenucronaap e: racappyQar rfaaaHjjaraspunir ;taha
    Ia fieHEuJIaHAEpHp, 03 MyflKrsptzHr nayrpnuc,rarulroKla oJaH uqva y3B-
    naplrHnn Topnautapbt heca6ttua, e3 KoHAJTHJ'rapr.iHru euaiu rr.:lJ lre[ra-
    lrap, 6arar,'rurlrap re 6ou jeplapll uaurucavax heca6uua aprbtphlp-
    ,[Hnap. AH HpH Ba Bapnrr MoHacrbrpJrap (a66ar.,rnr,rap ) fap6rr Anpb-
    ra o,'r(a,rapflHr.rH clrjacE hajarhrHa Aa ra'csp KocrapHpllr.
    I(r.rc,r xerAuxqa Kyq.Iy MapKa3J,rauvHu xapaKrep a.rbrp BJ ejHH
    3aMaHra rjepapxuja rorxKnrarhr onyply. fap6.ra sa IIIapr.ta xxrca
    rauKHJrarHHHH eH auaFbr osajx .qxna Mahaa,'ranap (npuxol;rap) rr4u.
    Ausr.r uaha,r"re;rapc vaho.r,ra KerrrnrxJrapr.l (npecrarepaap) 6au:qu,rur
    erupruni)l). Maha.n,ra KerI trt,ropH (npecaurep,rap) jenucxonyu 6aur-
    ,rr,lJrbrr er4rrjH njepapxujaHbrH rapxr6nua naxuJ xAH. hep 6up jenapx-
    Jrb{FtrH <(jlHHAaprap HlrMachl>Hbru rax6autuga 6auqblcbl o,'raH je[Hc-
    Kon Knrcel;r xycycx eha:vrujjar xac6 c,qapAr. ElIp cupa jenapx.rhrrJap
    Mnrporo.4fija ha.nnsAa 6HpraurMrurA nap. 5y MnrPononHjalapa lllapr-
    -rts Mrrrponolar, fap64a nce apxnje[fic(on 6aurqunur ear{pan. lllaprAa
    ha,ra V acpAa Aaha jyKcsK aopolra,rr Krrflca 6npnHKnepn-narpHapx-
    nbrrrap (KoHcraHruHonorAa, HcxaH4apuj jarra, Aurroxuja,(a oa fyac-
    4a) uejlaHa Kanar.r. fep6ra Poua jenucxony-nafla narp]rapx.lapna
    6epa6ap (couparap rca oHnapAaH aaha jyKcax) caBHjjeAa raHHHtrp-
    AhI.
    : 27. 4t9
    a
    t-
    l(sacanu-n HAgpe onyHMacHHAa jenfl cKon MelrJ,rficnapu (rypy,rrajaapsr
    Kec6 earp.ar.r. Jep-na (ea 1a r,rah'aa,rirj' arrrc.napa)
    aJpbl'{a -"!?Illji.
    9?]l.i eJararlH Ba ja 6Hp
    Heua aja,rertn jenucxon.lapu rotrnaubrp-
    ,lbl'rap; <yMyMAyuja uau,rac,rap_r.r>Ha xpr.rcrrraH xa,tcacHxun 6yryx j'e.
    nlrcxonnapH rorrJra[brpAbrJrap. 6y xu,rca Maqnxcna,pHHIe ehxaiw,' ajiH,
    KHrcaHfiH re[lxltJtfl MacaraJrapr ha,'ra o,ryHypry (lX acpaaax 6e,ra maq.
    Jr.rcnapH tiu3aHc I-l Mneparopy uarupsrpau).

    fla na,rsrrrys. r'lejAaaa xaltrac_r lap6n Asponala KHJrceHr.rH ryBBer-


    J'IaHMacHH,a,a 6ojyr po,r ojuaau. IV ecpr.rH coHy
    Poua nana:rapu, MycracHa onapar o3napn yuyu, - Vnani,
    acpnu aBBa.rrHHAa
    js'HH Kunce
    6aruqucur aanaHMat hyryryna jaja,rauau,rap. Os.napanuu xr.ncaaa 6aur-
    qhr oJ'lMar Hgr.ranaprJHbr nananap <anocroJr fljorpyu Bapncnap[> on-
    MarapH r{ne ecacnaHAbrpbrpAbr.na p. eQcauaja xopa o, Xpucrua Poua-
    .4a ulx jenucxony qaHHuHHrl onMyuay. lap6aa, xycyor.na Illtaau-
    j a1a, rysaar,ra ayHj- aBIz ha(r.rMuj j arun orrr.rauacnuaax r.rcrnQaaa eAen
    naraJlap V-VI acp,rapae cyp'ar,ra jyrca,rluaap, QaKrrrKH o,lapar,
    Poua jenapxaurbrHbrH ayHjoBH haxuu.napnHa qeBpHnArlnap. lap6n Ar-
    pona o,'rKanapHHAa Kllnca ropnar cahI.r6"'rr irlHaH HHKr.r[aQr,r l.rJre arara-
    Aap onapar 6y ropnarrapAaH rrarraHbrH capaHqaMHHa uyxraarQ
    pycyMnap aaxun orMaFa 6auraaau. flanasus anEHAe onaH ropnar-
    .napuu harr,rucu 6xp.nr-rx.{a <Myra44ac fljorp r'ly;Ixy> (patrimonium
    S. Petri>), oHyH o3y rrca haMrlH roprarnapbrH ann ceHjopy heca6 o,ryn-
    MaFa 6aurnaArJ. Ks.ncauxs rauIKH.IIu Ker-KeAe Qeog.a,r ujepapxt-tja
    ryPy,qyuy Kac6 erMaja 6au,raau; oHa IIa[a 6aru.Ibul6lr -eaHp, eH aua'
    (npaxoa) xeultulJleplt Aypypay. VI
    FH nflrflal'rapHHAa Hce
    ocpHH coHrapr,rHa jaxbrH - :uahar.ra
    rap6[ Asponala naIIaJIbIl 6yryn xpxcrnaH
    KI.IJIcacHHa raMaMH,'ra 6auqbtrblr erMex I.IAAI{acbIHH upan}I cYpMaja
    6au,raasr. flana I lpuropu (590-604) Qaa,r cyparAe KoucraumHo-
    rroJr naTpl-lapxbrHa rapubr qblxapar oHyH <YMyMAYHja> KHJICocI.IHI.IH
    6aurqucsr rnrynyHa MaJrrrK o,'IMar hyryryuy HHKap erall.
    .. nanaJlbrptln 6y ra.naxaapu, ha6eaa nana.napuH
    n"rrj:ll""r,ilXi"., . vra,,,tiala oa" fap6n Aiponanun raran jepaa-
    plIHAo ct,tjacr IlyQya a.naa erMaK IIAAIIaJIapri trc-
    T3p Kr.rnca aaxr{nl-lHAa, Hcrapcs aa ayHjaaH hox]r.q,ap.nap repaQuu4aH
    MyraBt-rMara pacr r{sr'rAll. Ey aa uuc6areu coHpaKbI AeBpnapaa oHnap
    Ensauc HlrneparopJrapr,r Bc KoucraurNnoro.r narPlrapxbl u.ne, Jlanro-
    6apA xpa.n.rapu I{Jra, coHpaJlap <Dpaux, gaha coupa Hca Aauanuja
    r.iMrIepH ja,lapbI lr,rs heca6,tau14aJIbI o,'IAyJIap.
    IhxirH 6yres,ryxAa, epKaH opra acprapAa lap6x Asponaaa xu,rca
    flJ'rc lloBJrar apacLIHAa cblx IlTrEQar aapast. Ku.nca <uesuya Qeo4a-
    Jra3M rypyryxryHyH aH yMyMll Harxqactr Ba aH YMyMH cauxcrjacu ct't-
    Qarr u,ra>r qbIxbIIIr eaHpAIr. I(Naca ouyu os Hytpy:yua Ha fiJlaca rJC.1
    eAaH,{opa rapubl oJIAyFy xHuu,6v rypynyuyH ,uYtr,tMaH,1epll u;rl tuy6a-
    pu3aaa aa Alirfar,ra uurleut,rN6 hasup.lauuuur KH,IlcJ r'Ia3a cHCTeMI{H-
    aau ucrrrpara e4up.rr. Maco,raH, oroiua> qa3acbl 3aIraHH 6y Ba ja
    IHKap aAaM KIL'ICaAaH xaPx!t oryHypAy (je'HI-l roBy"'lyply); <]IHTeP-
    I R. Maptec u @. Sueettc. Coq. T. 7, crp. 361.

    420

    k
    -urK'r> (ja'HK <raAaFaH> rap!r.) 3aMaHbr hep hancH sr,'lajarAa ea,
    ja, harra 6yren 6lp - 6yryn aHHH MapacrMnep rajaHAbrpbubrp-
    o.nxeaa
    Ibr; <<aHaQeMa> (ja'Ht <,ra'Har"raua> HCa qaMaaT rapublcuH-
    - Tapq.)
    Ia T3HTaHAJII{ rA'HeTreMa MApaCHMI-IHAaH I.I6apAT I,AH; MyXTanHo qyp
    xurca ros6aaapn Ba n. a. qasanap aa Bapabr. 6yryn 6y rag6np,rap o
    3aMaHHH ueshyuarvr,r aAaMnapbr yvyn heu ae 4yxjann harxr,,lljjaiHn
    Kac.tujH qa3anapaal as aahuer,'ru sa as ra'cnp.nt aejur,gu. O aeep-
    aaKr.r rocaBBypnepa Kepa KHncoHltH hnMajacHHAaH uehpyu o.lruar tx-
    cauuu <<eQa onynMarr yMHAr.rHH Kac[p Ba oHyH yqyH axuper ayHja-
    ,csrnaa qahcssau a3a6br rahnyKaca japarHpnbr.
    Epxau Qeo,qar AoBJrarr{ Ae, a3 HoB6ecHH,{a, KLLTcaHHH MaHaQejHHH
    MyaaQHa erHp, oHa KoMsK Kocrepfipau. Keaax flalnH Hra,lnja.4a fla-
    na aoB,,rarfiHaH japaAHnMacbIHAa Qaan HurHpaK erMHr-[,qlr. Bejyx Kapl
    Kr.rnca oH.a,a6HpuHH (decima) Malr6ypfi Bepxr.r KHMH raHyHnalxaHpAr,t;
    hauun nepxu 6yryn aha.nu.4as aJ'rblHMaFa 6auraanau. Ey aepxunun
    €cac aFbrpnHFbr KaHAnHJrapHH Y3aplrHa AYurYpaY. oHnap oHAa6HpH Yq
    uaKHnaa oaajHpArrnsp: <6ejyx ou.a,a6up>-raxblrJ'la BepHJ'Iup; <KxrIHl(
    oHAa6np> rapaBa3, MejBe Ba eB ryunapblHa Kepa anHHbIp; <naH
    oHAa6Hprr>-Hco Ma,Il-rapaaaH anblHHpatl.
    EprsH opra acp qeMujjarIrHAe KH.rceHHH qox 6ojYK HYOy3y raKqa
    oHyH cspBart.I Ba AeBnarJIa IITTI]QarblHbIH Her !l3cH .[,ejHn, haM aa oHyH
    qaMt-rj jarKH 3ehHH hajarblH.u,axu nxhncapvst uesrejxuxu HarHqacll HAH.
    O saMaH H6'laaa ruaxra6 rahctux, arc6uiiar, Knra6napblH hasup.nau-
    MACbI BO KEqYPYNMOCIT TAMAMII,IA K}'JICAHUH ANHHAA I{AMNSHMHIXAI{.
    CoH .lspauc ushayaaauraupsrrMbl t-u aHrHK MaaaHH au'aHa YHcYPrap -
    IIHH CCqTI.TI}IACII BE MYhAQU3S OJIYHMACbI 6YTYHNYKNA OHAAH ACEIJIbI II.d'H.
    Kr,rcauus 6yHnapa 03 lIAeoJIox[ Marca,4,lepnHl.l hajara xeunpuex yvyn
    ehrujauu eiparr. O 3aMaH a3'IIox caBaAbI onaH agau.napux hauucu
    uianp,'rap,- j aablqHrap, rapfl xqI{J'Iap, MYcnnH M"lap 6au'bl"Ia onapar
    -pyhauu,raptH H
    'tJpl.lcH HAaH
    qHxblpablnap.
    IX ocpuu optrrupuHaa nana I Hlrrolajun (858'
    IlanarHFhrH 867) iaMauunAa rap6 sa ruapr rHncanoPll apa- ,
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    IIIapr xllcacuHa raputr uy6apusa4a, u"rx gaQa oJlapar, nana I Hu-
    xolaj ja,nax4au jenncKon Cenxnja,ru Hcr,lopa (lV-VIl acp.rep)
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    ryja (<Ja,IaH.rbr I,Icrz4opyu nexpeuapu>ua) Kr.lJrco MoqJrucJraprruuH ro-
    papJrapbl 6apa4a caxra caHaa"rrsp, <<KoncraHras 6axuxruu> ga 6aura
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    -
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    422

    \.
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    .r{yM,1J-1JH rrana haxuuNjjertrHHH I(\'q,tI3H,[xpll,rMeCItHe jena.nuru hapa-
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    lracsrHa (uuruourja>ja) sa jenrcxon.aapu, a px Ilj en acxo-n,r apbl ,qYHjo-
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    429
    Knynu hapaxarnHAax, haMqHH-HH upa eeo,4a.n a'jax,rapuH 6Hp rl-rc_
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    oHyH rapuhtchlHAa Baccannhrr aHAEr HqAfirap Ba 03 Topnat"[apblHhr
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    -
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    VII lpuropn ra[aJrbrFbrH uyQysyuyn Bc Karor'lHK ru.ncaclutu xej-
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    vlaHtljaI.a ga rarvr uynaQQarujjar,ta coua jeruc,tH. Huneparop lV heH-
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    424

    h.
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    6r.r Aaponaaa KHJIca Ba IlanaJIblFhIH rYAparIrHxH MonI{eMr'IaHMacI'IHa
    6uo .cJ 6y K6MaK ealrpau xu, o hena ,(e qaMujjarlrH 6yryu' ar'ru ra l
    --niiia hajaru ysapanaa os haxnulrjjaruul caxnaMaraa HAH'
    ,"'Onypn
    It'faailxc; I123-',Iy lrnaa y3yHcYpeH Qaca,raaaH coHpa, Po- ;

    ua I Jlareoax vMvMKHJIca Meqlllcg qaFHprbI. Ey xrnca MaqnHcH ll22'


    ..tH r.rJlna daraaulr.nr'luur Bopttc ca:lullult rac,[.Hr erru o 3aMaH'laH
    6ene Kfl.rce MaqnHcnapH MYHTa3aM onapar qarblpblnHp'
    Xltl aco flanaJIHrHH 6eisa.lxa.nr HYOy3yHyH aa 3H rYAparrH 'laFbl
    u.ar. 6y, a'prur, III llsnoxisrruaH nanaauru (1198-1216) sauanu
    ;il\' 6itfi slpan. Q, xn.nca haxuunijarnnuu ayxjasu haKllMlriiar-
    aan ycrYH onMacri HAelacbluu VII lpr-ropnaaH *aha Q:11 ray4SQxa
    €rar.r Ba ayHja aFar'IHFL{ H.lI,rHacH rp,i"ypay lll
    Httioxesru flana
    i
    I Mapxc K. u 3&eelbc @., Coc., T. 22, crp 306
    125
    BI-IrajorHHAaKH 6yryu uy"nx.raprHr 6apna errtH Ba oHyH caphataaplrur_t
    xejnr.r KeH[ur.[;H1up;1tr; 6lp apa o, harra Clr',tr,rrrja xpa,,rJ,rbrFbrHbtH
    Aa haKIIMII o,!Iy. III hsuoxeHru 11a[a xypcnjacbrlra Ofiyu Karo,rrr6
    ,d,yHjacbrHAa a,ru lrahxoua lu,r,racn ohautjjertr napau. O, rzuxt;mc
    rp aau Toprarcus Hoha us urH,_ AparoH na flopryraa tj a xpaJ,rJ,rapbrHbrn
    o3J,ropr.rH[ oHyH Bacca"[,'rapH heca6 erMaJap Ha raua o.,rty. Ill Zs-
    HoKeHTH Be oHyH Bapnc,rapu, yMyi\raBpo[a nyucurpu poJry ojHarrar Hr-
    Ar.racbrHa Ay[apeK 63 e,,rquJrspr] Bacrrrecr.rJrra nauu lap6t Aspona tos-
    JSTIepr.rHuH I..]lUr'repr.rHa ta p b llln pabrJr a p.
    flara cevt<n,rspu orpaQHHAa, r{ox saMaH, y3yH My,r,asr AaBaM eAaH
    y,syH'y3aAbr uy6apuseuru raprrrbrcbrHbr arMar yqyH 1274-,ry r-ira II
    JItoH xr,rca Mrq.'Iucu (co6opy) uycjjaH er4u x . jeH nana ce'ry.rjr
    TOrrJrarrMbrlr Kap,4r.rHa,l,rap xapnrrru aJraM.{aH raMaMr.rJre TarJpxJ o,,lyH-
    Iraaau a,rrr,rH,U,a>) (cmu clave) or,lMa,rr,rAbrpJ,rap; 6ypa,las Aa
    -<ruQu,r cevxu
    I{apA[HaJ'r,'rapbru ceccljacu (KoHK,[aB> aIH aJrbr. Otrap xapAu-
    Ha,'rrap yq KyH spsxHnd ceqr(HHl.i ryprapr,tacajau.rap, oH.tapbrH jer,t.r-
    ju uahap Bo rrraM yqyH 6up 6oura6.rra nahAyl,rau.rAr,rpu"ru a,r] br HIt.
    Eeu nyn KeqAxKIeH conpa KapAlrHailraphr agqar '{opaK,ra cyj},H
    yMlrauHe rojyp Bar 6yu4au conpa KeqaH KoHKJ'raB Myaaaru yqyH oH-
    !'Iap 03 xurca,rapz HtrH I(aJrup"repnrlaax uahpyu exu Jr xpau,{ap.
    LrLzoH xH.nca MolrJ'rllcuHAa ( 1225) uouro,r;rapa iapusi 6upna ny-
    6apuae ana_puar sapyparH 6apeae rapap na6y,l er4lrprran.ro na11aJ'rap
    63JropHHH XIII
    acpun opraJrapbrHAa fap6rr AnponaHuu Sauu lcrytry
    ar,rMr,ru <<Tarap rahnyxacu>na rapursr uy6apnsJrap KnMn te.rleNra Bep-
    Maj a ca,'rbr[brpAr,r.nap. Jlaxru harHrarAa lana Aspona \a.]rJapbrHbrH
    6y 6acruua rapursr ny6apusecuga 6auqar;lur erlraja uahl KecrapMr.rp-
    4Ia. O aa oHyH Bapr.rcraptr MoHror xaHJ'rapbrnuH reuaju Lre Pyc rop-
    narnapbrHAa KaroJIIlcu3M ra'cupuuu jajurar yntllll rrs, aHrrar oH.rrap-
    JIa MoHroJ'r xaH,'raphr rr,rre AaHhlrbrrr,rap aIrapMar yuyu jo"r,rap arra-
    -
    pErpabr,'rap.
    IIana VIII Eonurpaca (1294-1303) flanarurr,rs HyQ1,a1'u1'. .raha
    aprbrr raJrabrpMaFa qaJrbr[rapar I 300-uy u,raa <KrrJrcaHuH j y6r ;rC j unau>
    6ajpau oayuuachrHbr ratrrKrlJ,r erlll. O, 6y uynacu6or,ra halrrrH 6ijpav-
    Aa [rxrHpax eAoH,,rapr.rH <KyHahJrapbrHLIH 6arslru.lasu"tr]ttrusso e-',rag
    erArr Be xycyc[ nugy,rxeucujanap
    Qapnas,rap 6ypaxabl rrz, - xyuah,rapuu
    ,{a
    6aruur"'raHu.lraacsr
    ny,rr'ra c arhr"'r br pabl.
    9apala Qapvau,rap
    By raxrrau e'ru6apau ol,r,4yrqa Karrr.rpr'ru uuly,rxencnja caruuli 6y-
    TyH xaro,rxK orKeraplHra xeuru jaju,r.-tu.
    VIII Eoua$acu, 6yryu rynaacu [Jre, Mypraqe rrana reoxparfljacbr
    uaejarapuun eMo,,rx o,rapar hojara Kerlr.rpMoja 'lah1 xecrapga. 1302-
    rnri rJ,rla o, <<Unam sanctam> 6y,r,'racbr nepAu. hallau 6yuraauuH con
    ' MYAAaacHHAa AejIr"'IIrpAH: <hap 6ap xeJlr oryHMy[ uncanuu PoMa
    6aur reurNurzua rrraar erMeclr typryJrytx yuyu aauu6 uapunp>. Ey-
    Hyu:ra Aa lana haxrurljjerH jep ysapuHla a"ur haKfiMnjjar e'.raH oJry-
    HypAy. VIII EoHuQacuunu 6y.n;racu rarraHblH a;r,rahuu jepaa r..rya-
    BUHH xrMH TaHbrHMacbtHbr rana6 e.a,ap, AyHjaBlr hoKM.r,ap,rapuu haxll-
    MIrjjarHHlIH IIanaHbrH carah[jjorHHAoH acbr"rbr o.rl/IypyHy 6HJIL p pl.tt;
    6y;r.na yuunepca,r reoxparuja uyr",reruj jeru (,u,aha Aernru nepoKparrr-
    ja ruyuarajjeru, je'nu pyhauu,nepxH n.1apa ersuju uyr,aarujjar) e'raH
    . 426

    IL
    1
    eafipar.r. "rlaKKH 03 caneQ,,lopfl lpuropN sa III HHHoxeHrH xnrlru
    VII I

    VIII Eonrr$aclrnIrH un.quaJ,rapbr r1a i)Mo,,lll o"rapar hojara KeqEpure


    6r,rua:rlt. Ee"ra Kn, 61'uyx yuyn HJ ttrrlcaJ.rI, HJ -[a chjact-r 3aMflH
    aap:llr. Ey aeBp.(e,[,oBxor Map Ko3,1arx] P Hn Moc H rl pocecrr MHJ'rJ ,I aeB-
    JerJap-@paHCa, Hur,iHrraps Be 6. neBncr,'rop qapqxBocr.rHAa Kpan
    haxuunjjaru rcpeQrglleH hajara xeuupr,rrpAx. flana cr.rjacerx 6y
    Myreporl rrpocecJ'ra 6apuuuas 3uaa jjer,u,a xgu. Tapuxx uxxruraQuu
    xe,{Hturr KocrapAr.r KI.I, raIlaHbrH ayHjasN haxnuujjarn ysapnn4e yc-
    ryn",ryx u4ejacr,r haurrua hau coH ,aapaqa Mypra!{e, hau 1e xaja,nx
    on Nr )'ur.ry p .

    flana cnjacaruxlu ou rvryhyu rapaQr raplrar-


    Opra acpnepxfl napa lapubl t*ly6apx:e.leu r6apcr x1r. Tapnrar-
    rapf,rotqflJrxr
    hapel(ar,tapH. nap pacMl{ Krlnca ehKaMnapbru.laH 6y aa ja au-
    Kap aapaqoae y3ar,'rauaH ,{xu rc':rHu.rapn lrla-
    ;rap. Tapurar.rap xpllcrlaHJhlFH Mycrorn,tl 6up.r,tra xuuu uJK ar.{blM-
    .rlap aruaFa 6au,ra,ruru feBpAeH 6auaajapar 6yryx sap"rurr,r 60jy
    Myruajrrer ervHrxilup.,rlaxrtu tapurcrut.nlx hapcxar,rapu uahs Qeo-
    ra,,lr3rt iroBpIH.la uox 6ej1x BYc'ar Bc ahouljjcr xac6 craH:
    Xprrcrlran ,r.uHu opra ecp fap6li Asponaculaa anvar Qeora,raap
    cuHtlanxn .ryujaxepyuryuy aejHn,6Hp haxulvr usQxypa t<ltltu, hau aa,
    6trp qo\ qaharaax xanr KyrnaJ'laPHHxH ulYypyHy aa MYajjeH eaHpr[.
    EHKencflH iag,auru xrrt , oH.IapbtH hucc,rapr <aHqaf ,u.uHII rHAa HJIa
    rx.[.an au-lu"pbrn MH[laH]r. Beaa 6Np lxepauT,u,e hap hancnr, harra pacuu
    opro.IoKcnjaja IYIrIMJH o,taH,HqITHMaH Ta'JlHJrl Ba hapaKaT 6eae ,ra6yA
    oiapar unatiujjai rpopuacu aJIManH HAH. Tepxralr.H.rlux hepexaraa-
    pr,ruuu acacunu Q6o.qa,lueM rypyrytuyHyH ajpu'ajpu rapatf.napnna
    aa ja 6yroaayx.u,a tpeo4a,rusua rapuH HqrHMan e'THpa3 rolxKun e.u,uP-
    1u.',:Iaxax xaroaux riu,rcacN uesvya rajaa-rauyrnapbl uasapn 6axuu-
    -{aH ecacnaHAEIpaHFbI Ba racaxr eranji YqYH, oHnaPbrH <naahu casx-
    cfiiacH, DonyHAa qblxblu erafijl{He xepa <QeoaarusM Y3aplrHa YMyMIT
    6dpvaaa'n6u,r., oryuaH 6yryi hyuyr'riap sa hap uejaau aBBaJI KHJI-
    ia 1:aprnaa o.nau hyulu.nap, 6YrYH I.IHrxna6tl Ha3epHJianap - u'{rx'
    lrar aJ ctrjaclr ,"s"pu1l",rap, 6aru.iu'{a onaPar, ejHH 3au.aHra haM aa
    'raparau-apiinaai
    u.n ahu jjar [6aPar onManbl u'aa'rap MeaqyA u'lrn-
    uaN nyuacn6araapa hyuytuyr MYMKyH oaMacbl \'.IYH oHyH Y3apI.IHAaKH
    Mytd-L,lacJ[rK napbtJ'ITbtcblHbI jox eruax na3btu ttltl> ''
    Epxau opra acpaapira, ha.na Qeo,4a,t MYH acx6arnaplluuH rauaKKYJI
    elMa.tlrjt-r, QeoEal- nciucuaPH Ba oHyH hajara xeuupll'ruacr BacI'ITa-
    .raplnnn (o uyunaaaH scac fireo,'loxu ro'cup Qopuacu KHMI{ KaroJtllK-
    ,njnn l")' n"i yryr*, xapaKTep aJrMaablFbl 6np lrcparlr-qa lap6n,Aa-
    pona ha,ra K\T,'IJBH lepurJTuu,rux hapaxar,lapblHblH Ho o'[ayFyHy 6Er-
    r,aup:r. Jlatlis rapurriult rJ"lxM,lap yuytt- lo;r.l .o 3aM,a,ll dJ'I Bepl'l txJ'lH
    ltlcuy6n opaH'
    irninn u.pro,. X-XI acp,Tapao ttlilud,rn Vratula aa
    ;;;;;";;;;;trn unrn,uaqo,na 6orour,r'rap repl,rrrrl sa 6ojyx ra''
    ct.lp riecrePAIr.
    HuxrIruaQ erMlrtll opra acp,'lep .neRpYHAa fop6n Aeponaaa rapH-
    I Maptic K. SHeenbc o., Coq., r. 21, crp. 314.
    2 Mapxc K. 3xzetoc @., Coq., r. 7, crp. 364.
    427
    rarrrrrJrr.rK hapaxarunuu jyxceluuru, u,rr nor6age, ruahap.naprn rraej-
    IaHa r{eJrMac[ se HuxuuaQu rra 6ap.rn uan.
    <DeoAaaHsM vauujjorunla urahep,ru,rspNu cH,rxu hyryr 6epa6apcus-
    .luju, urahap charrlcuurn aurarsr re6era;ropuHuH TeKlto aynjeou {eo-
    Aa,,IJrap Be Kllnce QeoAar,,rapbr rapeQnHAaH ^leju,r, halr 1a ruahap ra-
    lrlrprepli Be narprrcxJ'rop rapaOHHAaH xcrrrcMap o,tyHMacH, IlrrrrllMaII
    srAAjjarJrepH KecKUH,'IHjl,I, rahajar, Hrc6srau (xaHaaa uyrajuca.qa)
    Qaa,r xurnuaa hajar uahap.napu ec,rr rJpurar MapKa3repHHa qeBnp-
    uuurln. Taca4yQH.aej[,'l KH, uahap,rapuH aH epxoH Bo ,rrorxFyH HHKn-
    uaQ ernHjH [Urva,rr Vranuja, Hary6r <Dparca. Pejx au,rajarr,.
    <D;rau4puja, lllurraa,r-lllapru Opauca, qeHy6u A.qMaHflja Kr.rMH BH-
    JrajorJrap, ejnn aauau,qa, replzrarqaJ'rlzK hapaxar"raplrnuH ra eH Qaa,.r
    aHruuaQ errluju uap ras.nap [a].IJIop.
    lIIehep,rapuH I.rHKI.ruaQhI rapl.rar,repHH KaH,[ae Ia j ajbr.'rMacbrHa
    KoMsK erar'r. Sursa-ny,r nyuacu6er,rapunun unnruaQu Ba 6)HyH"ira
    a,'raraAap onapar KaHA,'t[,,Iapnu uyhyn 6up huccacuuru Ba3Hjjrrt]HrrH
    lrl.tcJIa[IMecI{ KeHIrx KYr,'ls,'IopuHHH repHraTqI]r'1ux hapaxar,rapuHa
    .re,r 6 o,'ryuuacr,r yqyH 3aMlH japaablpAbl. I(ulce Qeo4a,r,raphr, xycyctl-
    .na, os haxrr'rujjarJlap[ a,rrblHAa o.raH urshep,rapuu esyuyr;rapa hyry-
    ry 3,-raa erMaK ushl"rapuHa, e3 iuYrK,ldpllHrlJ jaruajaH xaHg"rlr"napun
    III3XCI a3aAJrbrr AJlas eTMaclrHa rbI3rHH cyPaT.qa 3HKefl roparauKJ'Ia-
    pHHe Kopa xu,rce a.nejhtua ahna,,lu-pyhrijja, rapl.Irarrln.raK ahsa",rn-py-
    hujjacu xyu,rernpall. Ey aoBpyH 6yryu auruuau hapcxar sa cxnQn
    MyraBr.rMsT tpopua;raprr arrHr..r n3p.(a aJITbIHAa KeAUpaIr. @. Esxe,rc
    jaauuu4up: <<Deo4anusua rapubl I.IHrI.IJIa6[ uyxalzQar 6yryu opra
    scprep 6ojyHqa IaBaM erMl]lx,qlrp. o.qoepyH lxapal.IrHHa yjFyH o,rapar
    xah uucruxa, Kah aqblr 6r,t'er, rah ra cr.lah,ru Ycjau uraxagsaa 6aur
    BepHp>r.
    Opra ecp rapIrrarJlapI'IHI.'IH a3 I.'trrlTIluau Iicrt.tra-
    opra acp MornepxHa Kepa h Ku acac rllla 6ypxep aa
    t,g,l"tl1p,1:11I___ aa xeua,'ul-n,re6ej rapurar,'tapuua -6e,luax o,rap2.
    *'l}1:#Xl'j"" Eypxep raparari urahap zrrucaau jjaruuuH nu-
    ;^;j;6;. KuuaQHHa MaHe oJaH Qeo4a.rr 6yxoeaapblHa Ba
    Qeoaa.nusu uavujjaruuru 6ypxeprapu cuxr,Iu-
    AbrpMacl,rHa rapuru ruohap.nnrepuH e'rupa3 NQaascu x.4 . Ey [crHra-
    ueir Esxe;rc.,opra acp.,repru pacMI.I Tapllrarl.I> a4.nau,a.sr purpgsl. XII-
    XIII ecp"rapnu rapflrarqll'IllK hapaxauapuuuH uoxy mahs 6y ucru-
    raMara M3;cy6 u1u. 6y qYp replrrarr'lapHn reaa6,rapt pyhauu,raptlu
    xYcycI.I Bo3ujjarao or'lMacbIHhIH, nanarblFhlH cnjacn LA,q,narapEIHbIH'
    KIJTCaHHH Topnar CApBar,',Iep[HUH JIaFB OJIyHMaCbIH6I Ha3apla ryrypAy-
    Oulap AuHu MepacHMJIapt.IH caAaJlatxAllpI'IJIMecHHa Ba y!{y3JIau,n HptL'l-
    MacbIHa, pyhaHu;repuu ua'uarl cHMacblHtlH jaxu ut.l aruastpu,'IM acr'IHa
    qarblu.tblpar,Irap. Ey repuraruu;IaptrH HAeaJIbI epKeH xpHcruaH <<anoc-
    ToJI> I(l]rcec <<yrtly3>> Ba <caQ> xlllca I.IAI{ By ru[aJH oJIaH
    - caAa,
    Tepr.rrarJlap aHllar <Krlrce QeoAa,lusl'tu>ua rapuH qblxblp aa 6yree-
    ,ry'xaa Qe6aarusn rypy.rlyurynyu acacrlapblHa roxynvyplyaap Eyna

    I K. Mapnc u Snee,wc O., Coq., r. 7, crp.361.


    2 Buc: K. Map\c u O. Sueetoc Cot.. r. 7, crp. 362 36'l
    428

    t-
    xepa aa, 6a'seu 6ypxep rap[raruHAau os uauaQejuxa (xu,rca au,raxu-
    Hbr MycaAr.rpa erMaK Bo ja nalaluruu cujacu Hy+y3yHy nrahly4nau-
    4upr,rar yuyu) ucrlrQaAa ertraje uaruutau 6yrea Qeo4a,r rpynnaphr
    oHaapa rouynyp,4ynap. rrlaHy6 <Dpaucala Ar6n (Ar6uroj), r{exuja-
    ra rycqy uyhapr6aaapw aeBpyHAa, Hxxnlrapeaa Bux,ruQHn 3aMaHbrH-
    Aa 6ere onMyuAy.
    Kasa,rH-n;re6ej repurarlsp[ raha rcrr xapaKTepa lra,rux u;tu,raf.
    6y raprraraap urahep ea xaHrHH Ma3n)'M auaFbr KyrrarapxHxH jan-
    Hbr3 KxJ,rca aa pyhauu,rapa rapubr Aejfix, hau Aa Qeoaa,r,rapa, BapJlrr
    rarrrHpnapo aa urahap rraTpHCHaTbrHa rapubr J,yr.rrMcH uyuactr6araHu
    aKc eraHpupax. Byprep rapHraruHuH 6yryH Al.rHlr rane6napxHa uapuK
    oJ'laH KaH.(Jrr,r-rrJre6ej rapxrarr, 6yu4au a.rasa, HHcaHnap apacbrHAa
    6apa6ep,rnx rana6 e,qup.u,H. A,n,rah rapuuclrH,r,a haMbrHbrH 6apa6ap
    onMacHHAaH BareHAautlbIr 6apa6op,rltjH Harnqacu uuxapu",rup, 6y-
    HyHna Aa CHJTKH QaprJ'rap HHKap eaH,,'rHpAH. KaH,u.,'rn'n"'re6ej repurar-
    JapH,6rrp rajaa onapar, ha,vqrsus rahxuraqx,rrx hyryryxyu sa 6xja-
    pbrH TaFBHHH raaa6 e4up, ajpbr-ajpbr fiQpar rapHrar,,rap Hca avraK
    6apa6ap,,rujnua Ba aM.tIaK yuyr'.ruaajnxa 'l arHpbIpatIr a p. XIV-XV
    acpirep.la aH parfiKan (raru) xaul.nn-n,re6ej rapsrar,'Iapu, vor ha.r.rap-
    ra, xa.[r ycjan.napu Hra qynFaubrpalr (anocror rapaau"rrapbr, .ron-
    raPAnaP, ra6oP,rynap Ba 6.).
    6yuyHra 6e.na, 6yryH opra ecprrap 6ojyxua eaa raprrar"rrap aa on-
    MyruAyp Kr.i,6y rapurarlapAa heusH uxu HcrfiraMarl'lH yucyp,rapx aj-
    .(r,rH cyperAe 6xp-6rpux1ax Qapr,r eH M I.IpAH.
    Opra acp repHrarqfi ra','IHMr'IapHHl.IH ehKaM,'IapbI KH0ajar ra-sap
    paHKapaHK ual.r. JIaKriH acac HAeja.'lap Bo vY.u.aa.lap 6up uox rapn-
    iaraap y.ryH yrryMl, H,4u. Eyu,rapuu cbIpacbIHa, hcp urejrau aasa.n,
    ta a la !,axl{n oJlMar,'la 6yryu .u,opcua,rapaaH o,raH Karo,rlHH t(euHln- .

    Jrspr.rHa raprxbl KacKHH raHrx,lH MYHaCI.i6ar alrJ..lHp. Ey'ichar haHcn


    nqiruan ra6araja MaHcy6 oJIMacbtHAaH acHnbI o,rvajapar_6yryu ra'
    pHrarnap Be oHJIapbIH 6yryx ysr.rrepn YqYH ccqHjjaBI.I AI'I. PyhaH ,'Ia-
    pH TaHTHA erMajrrH ecac Ycy,ly 6yHAaH 6aper AAA KI], KeuxuJIapHH
    pea.,r ax.,raru Eu6ruja KeIIHrulrHuH HAeaJl 06pa3bI u,ra uyrajttca o,ry-
    ayp, ounapun ca3JrapH Ba Ba'3JIap[ HJ',IA KYH.Ian[Ir( rarjpY6a ryryulay-
    pj,i,ypav. tapn.arug.naplu axcap ll aru, ha 6e.na l-u,ty,r xeHcn j a j a, Eu6-
    rltj aj a au.q [q]rnMacHHHH ra,ra6 o.nyu u acuHa, <xpucra roBylxM a)Hbll{
    ayHj-astl aaantrap aa pyhauu,rap
    -Eup -
    yuyu Qapr.nu or'IMacbIHa I{acKIIH
    tryny".rap eAHpa;rap. uox railier,rape nralcy6 6u.q'arvn.lap
    qa'
    xulcann <6a6sa. Qahruacr>, uejrau auelu, naIIaHbI Hca oHyH
    HulrrHr.r, aHrI.IxpHCT aAJ'I aHAblpblpaHra p. Dv 3aMaH TapHraT-
    qunapar 6a'su, uni6eraH r'lylajur',i (-ue'raaIla) hlccacl ea.lapuHu aca
    I(aroJll.'lK heca6 e,u,up, KHJICaHHH aY3a"IAl.L'l MacH Ha KeMax, erM'lla
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    429
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    I Eax: K. MapKc u ab. S\zetbc Coq., r. 7, crp. 377-378.


    430

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    432

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    28 cKb. 773.
    4i5 l
    I

    1
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    nQpar Qopnra,rap anbrpAbr. tDlaxel,,ranr"rap (<rupltanu,rajaunap>)
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    JI a,U,bl.
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    l:ahap ,vaxre6,repH Bo y HHBepcIITer"l JPIITIIIH MYc.lnlrv- aa ra.la6a"reptl'
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    *vra'vrup i.r"'Ha..ir*rruritllr.rirp). o.ropy Hoarnv, BeH'rll Atnloplt'

    I K, Maprc u @,3aee.toc, Co'I., r. 7, cah, 361.


    434

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    28* 435
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    436

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    :oou siac,rapu, x'icycl'1.[e r+lou BI,Ix,ru<p Ba oHyH apAbIqblnJ'l a pH HbIH,
    Jar [-yc (hjc aa rycuy (hycuy) lryhapu6anapu nsBpYH,4a <Qulvau-
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    MacanaH, XIV acp u cony XV jexu japaxr'lblu 6tlp cblpa
    -
    repxrarnap yuyn cauujjaar.r Han. -acpaa
    Ey ra-pnrarnapae, YcjaHnapJa a'Ia-
    reaap o,rriaca Aa, ryBBarr'ru xenArfl-n,le6ej uapajanu Hc3oPo qaPnHp-
    AT,I,
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    nap>blH) ra',rruu 6ejyx HyQy:a ua,rax n;,u. Ou;rap QpaHctc xvu,raP
    2 K. Mapxc u @. 3metoc. Coq., 7. crp 363
    ciJr l
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    r.rAr.r.
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    QpaHCfl cxqh,tep qaMxj idrHHxH 14ac,,raK
    AoHyMy naa pa3brJ'rauMlrpabrJ,ra p. <Pyhqyfl a p>brH 6auqbrcH ujllahi1.jj ar -
    {rH njorp C) ten uALt. OHyH Kopytx",rapug.(a r.rHlr[Jrqurux,re sahra,rux
    rIyJIFauMbItx,ilbI. Pacun xn;rcexu <lIHCMaHrr> ta <<xyuah;ru> K[I"rcc KI_tMI_t
    I(ocKlIH TaHrtl.I eAoH Ba TIaTIaJIbIFLIH Te3r,rltKra vahs o.rrauarsluu xe6ap
    BepaH jorp O,'ruou joxcya,ryr Ba Maha66era acacJ,raHaH jeuu rurca
    j aparua ra qa Fr,rpbrpAr,r. Orasu ra',,ruN,r[ 6ypxep ropursru qapq]rBecuH-
    naH Kauapa qbIxM6IpAr,I. Jlaxus caAe xaJ'rr KyrJrac[ uuapucuu4a jajsl,r-
    1ur.qa 6y re',rnu aaha rerujjar,,ru pyhaa rsah oryHypay. By esyny
    XIII ecpuu couy XIV acpLrH aH KyrraBrr ropllraruu"rnx hapaxar;ra-
    pun.qau 6upuH,qa- I{euy6u Hrlaep,lana, ar'IMaH rop[arJrapu, Aacr-
    -
    puja, tlexrja, Aratuja ae @paHcauu ehara e,1as 6exuulsp hep:na-
    THH,c.a, haMqHHllu oxa jaxsIH o.nau 6erapl.rrap aa QDarIl,re,rlu (<<rap-
    4aur.nap>) hapaxar.napuu.qa Kocrap,(u. O,'rueIl;t'lu 6arbIuJIapbI TapIi-
    rarvn,rapa 6ejyx ra'crlp Kocrapalt. Tepnrcllu.ncp (xycycu.rra I+Iauy6n
    tDpauca 6exls,rapfl) oHy os,lapllHau pyhaun aracn heca6 ealrpal.Ir'13p.
    Oi,raparn aH rartzjlar,ru ahaa"ln-pyhujjeja Ma"r'IItK orlaH -huccecu O,'ttt-
    a[HnH r(aroJrrllt Klrrcec]{ Ba tlaIIarbIrbIH Mehe o,laqarH harrltu4a nej-
    FaM6aprfl j[lHH Te3,'IHKJIa <ulahu ueeprlrlrl> oJl,alIaFblHbIH (herra. -6y
    IICBPHJIITIIIIr KOHKPCT BAXT,I PIT I325, 1330, I335-"III IIJIJI3PAA MY3JJAH
    oJryHypay) ra6arllaAaH xo6ap BepIr,'IMecH KI.IMII l.l.3ah eA[pAHnap; <HJIa-
    *ru" ueiplr.rruru, Harltqoc HAs era 6tp uauujjer japanauar4srp xr.r, .ha-
    jaxblH a4ar''runu un"rnruaja'lax> ea.hap
    Mr.rH ',IiMftjjaraa <heq xec e3 jaHaubl, 6exnu"rapru uyhyu
    ,lyp au.lax YMyMI'I oJlaqarablP. EyHyHra
    ;huicaca 6ypxep rapurartl MeBreJIapHHAa raJIAbI; (KHJIca raJAa-rauyu-
    .ltaobr)>Hr'I TaHrlr,{ erMaK,le ruQajai,lau,qu. <Asal pyh> N'raeha6t,lHAoH
    .rl" *vporrt'p sahxa.nnx rapliai,rapu A,rr'aaullja, <D"laHapIlja na lllu'
    ,ijoasc, TopnarJIapHHAa xu 6exun,rapa B.r 6erapanapa iaxblH
    "rr*
    ,ulrr"o. 'nA:aa pyh> sah;arllK replrlorJlapll, aprblr aabl qaKllJ'IMLtx'
    xlv;'.; a,ruau'H,rahlriiarqunapbl - aahua'rapu EKKapr Ba 6aura-
    -,ruputroiu ta'.r u u,r apnHrl i Te'ct-lpt-l aJIrblH.lla
    u!x'13p by rJpl.{tor''lapl.lH
    raoadnaoaaou 03 AI'IrrarJIapI'IHH IrHCaHblH e3YHAa, oHyH AaxflJru aJIs-
    ;,I;^*" ;';';r;rilt pytt, i*,apuata !{3Mrlerxal{pnpal{rap' Ey Mej"I
    nan ne " haMl{u Mei,'r,rsps xac o,'IaH rIaHTeu3M YHcYpJIapH 0HJIapbl KI.II-
    i, il"jaco,na xarupu6 uslxapupau 6y -"rlaKlIH
    oHJIap
    repurdr''Iap'
    ".",ir, "rori.riril
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    l'lax'ldp'
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    .rrorro,roiii "u tvirliry.
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    q"r'Eo,irv;, 'niha' ep*an a pauuu'r'r apuuaaH Qapr'
    ;il i'i'".l".riliJr, ]
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    ;;r*;ilhy; iirllrl, .,o, sahuar ^ea . -
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    i"n't'n"p harra xsu'l rcceppyQaru
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    rheh,ra"lapn, ha6e,1a joxcy"[ Mahs'1'ra
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    ;il, ;;;." "l,.,rxot,run i'ycai'pa
    438

    b&-- '.
    I
    J'IA.IAH :.YHJABH A.fA\TJAPYqYH' BA'3 A3AA,'IbIFbI' U6AIATIIH AHA NII'IIIH-
    ae o,'rMacHHbI Te.rc6 e,up, "laKfiH voBqy.tr fvpyJlyua ro\)'H llypf!'.]a P.
    XV ocpau 30-,ry lr.,r;rcpHuaa xax.a.rx-n.ne6e j KYrJaJsptlHe \laxcyc cM'
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    ,ro,r,rhpa rpyny ucrucHa raxun ealrp.[H. ,rlaxan 6y rpyrI, rauKn.rlar
    6axbr MbrHAaH, yvyu u hapcxar-la H a j p u.r lt a ltu tl-lau.
    XV ecpnn sBBa,'IHHAe Hexr.rja4,a MejaaHa Ka,loH aa 6y saxra ralap
    opaaa jaju.nusrru 6tp uox repHrar,'IapH osyHe 6np,'taur,lltpaH rycqy
    TcpHrarrr coH repalla MYxrennQ HqrlrMaH ra6aralapu e: arpaQuHa
    qei6 ervnurr,l. f!'cvy,ryr H.rK aBBa,'I Jau fycyn (hycyu) vylajnrr 6yp'
    xep ta',tnunua acacnaHblpAht; 6y ra'luIrl, ha6e.ra qex uartll.ijarttnltu 6y-
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    -
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    rux 6aprapap o.raqlaFH harruxra uuru,ra6u xou,1,ru-n.rc6cj u,r'eja.ra'
    PbI, XYCYCII":IA XIIJflA3Y IiAEJAI PbI YCTYH,IYK TCTXKIII
    C]IIP,]T.
    ,Ilarltg xa rapurarqxnspgH avaxcu:qacusa ra'rtl6
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    Hl3lji,r'i,l uavrjjar;rapnnllr uahap'aeuaror'r-vr1' XIV-XV
    3cp"]lepae na[aJIbIfbIH TaH033Y"'IYHIH raptxblcbIHb]
    a,ra 6r.rrtarn. Ey rDeo,laa Arponacu rapltxlt uHtixua+HHr'lH \ :'l) MIl
    KeaHurrrrrru n"rnt""l, naH. 1302-'{u ulae OpaHca tipa.tlr lv Ko:c'r
    @l.rrrn.rc uvHarturaia KBDaH nana Vlll Eoux$acl lrar.rt6ttjjare lrpa-
    au. flanaldp <a6aatl u:ohaprtt repx erusja.ra ee Itrartarnahra pslttu'
    Ooanca xoa.rusb,tr (Ke.lKacH> aJTHHa - AsrrHjona heq\ pudj'r ucq'
    6r:p o;rrt.irp. flana.rapux 70 rr.ra raaap raBaM e.[oH (1309-1378)
    oAsuxioH r.r,raprr 6aur,lan,an. 6y aespls nal a"rrrr-tDp a uc a
    "arprru
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    ivx aipu,riru a.-, ia <6ei1x cxx3va,) 6auJaHi.bl B1' :aual flana rax-
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    (o3IHraH-
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    Pbrr,raaag acbIJIHJIT,IFLIHHH laha .qa a3aJ'IMacblua .ioHJJMnul
    iV K".", (DH,rHnnrH 6y pyhlaxur yryp;rl hapaxar'napru.
    i.piioiprri"p.
    439
    Haxu"rrapa KpanH Ba napnaMeHrH rapaQxx4ax (1343, l35l
    l9r.:glq1
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    I1l9!I ';]9
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    _naaala eaaH Bo H. a.
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    HIny_a_na_.pbr rrJra qynFaurAbr Ba os pean tleaAecuHr.r anMaH HMneparo.
    py IV "rlyaoetr Easapuja,ruur,rn nana,ruia raprubr My6apHsacHHAo
    rarrAH. I yBBarnH, natranH rlaH bl onMajaH ayajaal-t haxlr,aujjar
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    acpaa ojyHyx nAyHjanHH Myaa.
    ,
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    coHpa fice Hon Bax,ruQ JcacraHAbrprbrJ'rap. ha6e,ra 6yHaa'n essan era
    !Y Qrxpu 6ejyx n,arre- osyHyr uMyrnaiajjar harrirHaa> acapHHAa,
    6aaua Qopr,aaaa uca <14,rahu xouearzjaaa coj,rar,lxurau. Ea'ea'rapa-
    rarqlrJrnK ra',rnu,raplu4e MHJ'IJIH Krl"rce japa4u,ruacu Ba xanr yqyr
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    HajHpabr Kr, 6y aa xa,rreqaK XVI acp PeQoprvacaja xaejanapHHrr ra-
    .6ar,rajupau.
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    ,ca hapaKarbr> KeralrKqa Aah, KeHHur jajuauir. Ey hapbxar ranarrbr-
    FHH AyHjaB[ xunapAa 4ee.na.r haxHuujjarnra, aHHH tuiapaa Hca ayH-
    ja xn,rca co6opynyu (ua',r.nucuuuu) rapap,rapuna ra6e o.,rMacHHblH
    .sapypxarjunn cy6yr eAupan. <Eejyr raQpara>Hux 6aur,rasuacu u.na
    <xx,rca hapararu> xycycune xyq"raiafi. O-panca aa 6y hapaxarclal.
    nfiJa a3aAn6rrr'Iapbt)HHH Ta,'Ia6 o,tyxuacuua-@paHca xn.ncacana poua
    -ja uynaclr6erag Myxraprrjjar BepnrMacrr ra.la6rzne xerupu6 qbrxaplbr.
    hauxs.re,ra6 VII Kap,rsrn <6ypx rauraue,rn racaxrHaMecr{} (la38)
    x,ra hajara Ke'lHpr.rJ'ran .6y Qepuau,ra <Dpauca4a Qpancsra Ktl,lcacn-
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    K"'Ica MaqJ'lHqrHHH nafla repap,lapbrHAaH ycryH onAyFy 6r.rnArrpHnAt,.
    A,rr pyhagr.raapax ra'jnu onyHMacbrHAa xpal haxruuj jaurHr.rH xycyclr
    hyryr,rapa Mar [rK onayFyra6y,r eax.rrau, hauqnxus pyhauunepxu rurr-
    Ha ryHjaBfi uahxeua4e (flapHc napnaueurrn.qa) 6axuamacH rajAacbr
    rojv;ray. HHxtarepaAa Aa 6yHa 6anaap hapaxar 6aur,r aH:r,ruulsr. III
    Hsnoreuru 3aMaHLrH,[aH r,ryajjaH o.lyiruyur harr nana KypnjacbrHa
    KerAEKqa laha as-aa ha,rnapaa oAeHHnHpAn. 1366-vu ulasn xca 6y
    .OAAHHIII TATI ONAPAT JIAFB EAI-INAH.
    - asoaa Kuacsnus capcbrMriur HyQy3yHy lrehrau.nanluprrlaja sa hap ruejlau
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    peKarbr> TapaQAaprrapbr jeuu ayHja Kurca Maqlr''rl.rcl qaFbrpbrr,rMacbrHbr
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    .440

    Er--r -
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    ,[aH qhrxapAH. Ma',ryu o.lay xu, hauHH nana KerrMHt[ aaHx3 fynayPy I

    Ba ran[ nyn KaceH HMHII. Jlaxus nana raxru ycryHAa My6apx3a


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    Kocrapnaen HrrnQar xcrep Ersaxc4a, ,rcrapca i" nyi ropnu.,rupur_
    Aa haM x-anr, har',r Aa pyhauu,'rapun axcapujjarx rlpaqriH:ras paaa
    oryHAy. KaroJHK KrrJrcecn reja o;yHaH rzrrrSaru a;.rir Iorul :
    JIHraa araabrru a.,rrbrrraa o,rax Vxialna sa Ei.ropycuja iopru.rupr_
    uus ahaaucnna ra6ya eranpa 6x.ngu.'
    XV acpxu r-lxr.rH,,rH japbrcHHAa raMaMH,,IJ aj.tHH
    XV ecpAa o"[Ay KH, IIanaJIbII o3YHYH TeoKparHja u.q"quaaa- l

    naranHFbrfl criacf, pbl nA ajphl-ajpbl AOBIaTJ'IApHH Kaxac{aK IIHKH_


    xrl(raraprrlru rrrarhu io,tyn4a MaHeaarrp. Ey gorpyH ra6arqbln
    6oEa'IuxracH. uyr'"q$"**rprnpx, xycycHJ,ra hylaauacr.rap, jeuu
    , yyraparrH MeoKypa nyuajau.ae,rapu raH u c _
    ,'IANI,IHbI KETAHKqE AANA TE3.TE3 ITAIIAJ'IbIFA, O qYMJI3IAH OHVH TEOKPA.
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    - naflar,rbrFblH
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    cH_
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    repu arrbrpabr. XV acpaa nana,'rap poltala sa porua cr'paQuHai os
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    YtIyH Bap,ryBBanepuHu capQ erMaJrH oJrypAynap. flana.lap es cxjacar-
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    -
    14l
    .AaH, rarnrepAaH Hcru(DaAa eAHpAHnep. flana capajn (xypujacu) 6y-
    I ryn Asponaaa es hajacusuacuHa ry"'IloflapMa,lapbl Ba carrblH"rblrr,I
    ,uao Maurhyp r.rAll.
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    pyjy6 cax,lav;Fa sa uaH.,Ianaup a Fa lia"lhl lxblpi,Hna p. Ee.la xu' 1484-
    Iut

    '.if unaa r{aAy Ba qaayxap.rlux harnuxaa nana Qepuanu rapq oryHr'y


    hiuuu Qapuaula .ralynyu MeBlIyaJ'lyFy HHKapoJryHMa,3 harlrar e',ras
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    aanvacusa, hev 6ap xyxahu o:It''tajau rIHCaHJ'IapbIH, 6artrnHqa o"Ia-
    .par raaHHnapblH, cyparaa jaunupurMacblHa raKaH BeptI''IMHtu
    KYTJIaBH
    6ray. Mahs 6y saltau I.rHrBl.l3Hclrja KUJIcaHHH Ba oHyH MYraaaacJlsrx-
    auparll'H rypyJ'IyuyH herlrl sa yjrypMa ,nYuMaH;IapltHa rapubl eH Ke-
    iiniri t'v*yini xeqau. Httxsusliciia Acnauiiarc xycycN ahar'lnjjar xac6
    ,er4u. Byp,ra o <6ojyx nuxausllcr javu>j a ra6e o.nau aJI AnBaHxaHal-a
    ueiprr.iri. h;rx u6'ejyx rnxsxsuc'llla uu, Touac Topxseuaaa o'ray O
    ,6y 'sesxQaaa o,layF, l8 Hn sp3aHAa 9 Mrlua jaxHH l(YTnaBI{ cyparaa
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    iaruu,'iap sa cujacu pexHMHH aYUMaHJIspnHAaH l.I6apar HAH'lap'

    Oeogalnsu rypyJlytxy HHKllura(p erAIrKlIa KaroJlHK xl;rcacu lap6l


    Aepona4a Kerafl KqIa aaha MY_pra',Ie rYBBaja qeBpl.r"'tl,tp.4x. .
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    .6arura "aupljr.
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    HrrlrnMaH ToparrH
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    i,o.,rIH:a-hau uau-cuj acu, hsM ae eehHr unxumaQ cahareplrH'
    aa'- aaha 6e.jyx auxala qeBpHnapafi. Ku.nca Qeo.(al,rapbl KsHA"[fi-
    aaprn Hcracuapuuuu hap haucu ruaxu.lae jynxy,l"T auaupltnuccltua
    ratuu xycycflne xHaaJIbI MYraB[Mer xocropupallnep. Eujap sa rah-
    KI.IMqHJIIIK hanuAag aaha qox oHrapHH Topnar,lapbIHAa aaBaM er,4l.t.
    Jenxcxon.nap Ba MoHacrbIPJIap, xYcycI'IJIa oH,'IapbIH MYJ'IKJIapI{HAa oJIaH
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    aap. flana,rur MapKa3na[rMHlx MI{J'IJIH AoBnerr'IapHH japanllacltna
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    ru japaau,rlracu harsrHAa MYpraqle xejanl-uaeja Hparlr cYPYp.qYrap.
    Kr.r.ici xa.rrr hapexar,rapuHr,I taH IIqIIHAo 6oryp, rapurarvuaaplr ea Qeo-
    aa.nnalr rypylyuryuyn 6aurra,[YIxMaHJIapHHl'l auascbl3'dacl,lsa rc'tu6
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    MEK.II.AH,N.E II3KHHMBPA}T; O KATO.IIUK O,IMA]AH XA"IT"]APA fAPUbI TA,'IAH'
    uu;rur jypyur,raprgan rnhanquclr Ba roIU KIl.t a rll blcbl II,l.ll; oH.rIap ca'
    Qa;rar i5 iio.rarrx KerI.ipIrpAI'I. I(u''rcc, rrchajer, 61' aosp.la nej4aua
    xa"rr,uru g,yujaox uelaHujjar sa stlja,rsl.rrur r[ou1'u1a xycycu,ra ra6a so
    uer!anx o",rai uonhyuar ea xypaQar jajuplul. Epxan opra acp.raPra
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    442

    L
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    - a.lavarnnlr
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    abt.
    XV ecpaa, HqapaJ,raprlHla , aprsrr, 6ypxya myuacn6ar.rapx yncyp-
    napuHHH vejraua xaauuu oJAyFy Qeoaar ayujaihrHbrH epxair Oypxiia
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    03 rapr.ixH op3HHAa pacr xeaauju es 6ojyK capcbrHrbr _ peQoprracuja
    apaQaclrnAa AH.
    l9-uy Qacxr
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    6EJHEJIXAJIT EJIATOJIEP.

    s r. xr-xv acPnaPAs raPBtl ABPOnAAA


    EEJHAJIXAJIT MYHACIEATTOP]iH ItHKHIXAObI.

    XI-XV acp,rep apeuula Aeponaaa r',lyejjen 6ej'


    Eelflarxanr HaJrxaJ'rrMyHacx6ar.nepcucreuujaPaHblp;TeA'
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    6eiua.nxa,rr uyuacx6arrapa ha,lalux xaQajar raaap MYHra3aM xapaK'
    re"p anrua r'luuau : aafi Mn caoHp,rap Ba aHn,'loMarlix HYU a j as,aa.nlx.nap
    joi uau: 6ejHa,rxa.nr hyryr 4a ha.na.nur rauaKKYJ'I erusuuu.l4u; 6y aH-
    .rrajuurun elyuy,6era 6yrenayx.ua, qar[H (H, haMfiH Aesps aHA erMoK
    I
    r*rymxyH orcyrj 6y aeePaa 6ejuaaxa,rr hyryryx axvar ajpu-ajpu ytt-
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    I
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    nnxnuaQ erMeKAa uall.
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    I
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    444
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    -
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    XIV-XV ,yp*r"_
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    . .rrapn H,ra IIIapr onKa,rapH apachrHra r,a firruca.
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    _

    rouii qyaox a p aaha cox ehaxrllet xac6


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    44 ti

    I
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    paMauqacblHa MyraBItMarH Horuqecu H.1J 61' sar,rat lqyH ccacJrhr cypar-
    Aa c,rl,r,oH AyurMylr MoHro,,I-Tarap,,r ap Ke3JaHHJMoIoH lapa aeun: ca-
    hrr;lrn,(axn sa BorraHua apxacbrrr.f,aKbr ays.lapa rajur4u,rap. Pyc rop-
    nar,'rapbl 6y ha.rle4uvu MaraMAa fap6r Aapona yqyH cuflep onAy.
    Ey apa.1a aJ'rMaH qaHxaBaplapn I,Icaeu, Hopseu ec ,Il,auxuapxa
    uaa urrrrQar.fa, Poya nanacussru xejlrp-ryacsr u.r.r pyc xuja:,rur,ra-
    pbIHEIH aFLIp sasgjjarNHaaH e3 rlraHaQexspnHa acrxQaac ervaja ua-
    "rrbuulbrJ,rap. OHnap, ,qelrax oJrap, MoHro.tnap,ra ejrlr naxrla [Iuyaa-
    fap6rr Pyc ropnar,raphrHa rapubr raq jypyuy rauKH,r erguaap. By
    jypyur Hoeropol KHja3hl AreKcaHAp Japoc,'IaBI.I.IuH Heoa (1240) aa
    9ya xe,ry (1242) yaapuH,larx r'.reuhyp Bypy rMa,rapaaKbr rapJ'rar ra-
    Ja6e,'raprr Har[qacHHAa rar,raMrrJ'ra 6oua vuxgn. XIII ecpnH 40-.rr,r Hn-
    "'rapHHHH OpranapHHAa IV nana I,IxHoxeHrH, herra, rroHfor'r-TaTapJrap-
    ,a flTTll+ar 6ar"ralrara :a,]ah.l Kecrapifn. O, ruouro.t-tarapnapa Ka-
    roaux,rauruajH raKnriQ errr{. EyulH,ra fiana JIarbrH HMrlepIrjacbr y'ryH
    Toh",ry(a ropaaaH capaquHnepo Ba 03 AyruMaHE oaau A.nuaurja Hvne-
    paropy II @p gpaxa rapubl MoHrorr'Iapbrrr rI.IMcaJrbtHAa MYrraQur
    [a3aHMar nnjjaruHaa I]aH. [ana, hauqusug rarapnapblH uosro,r ha-
    xuurjje r a,'rrbrHAa onaH pyc ropnaulapblHbr Poua xypujacuua ra6e
    €TMaK MorceAlr aa KYAYpIY.
    XIV-XV acpnapaa 6ejua.nxaar MejAaHAaKH ryB-
    -IlY-:I-Y Tll-"P-l-'-.... Banap Hr.rc6aruHAe qoi MyhyM sajirruKnxx 6iur
    ??X"'lI#:,,:;illllS*" sep.a;. A.rrrrauuja IiMneprj'ac;I holieHurravQeuaep
    'l"1r,.tir*r**r"p. cYJIaJIac[Et-lH haxnunjjern 6aura qaTAr,IlAaH
    (1254) ea 6yHAaH coHpa 6aur,rasas cerrsHor
    Sacu,'racusaeu coHpa 6ejHo,'lxaJlr cujacar4a 6rp o raaap aa uyhyu
    po,r ojuavupau. XIII acpHn coHy scpHH aBBanIrHa jaxHH na'
    ,na.nunuu cnjacu ryaparu Aa 3aHQnaal.I. - XIV Hnax 6ejne,rxa,rr uynacn6ar'
    -rapla 6y sauau yuyH eH MapKa3JIautMHur lap6x Aapona ,u,esaar.napu
    o.rau Huxu:rrapa, OpaHca, Kacru,rnja, Aparou apacunaaKbl MYHacH-
    6ar,raD sa MvHarH[Ianap 6au"ruqa jep ryrypay.
    Ey aoepyn 6ejua.nxa,lr MYHarHuanopIlEAau aH 6ejyjy <Dpauca x-aa
    l,Iuxri,rrapj ipaciuaaxn Jysrln,Tnx MYhapH6e (I337-1453) wtu. Att'
    fiurrepa'- Opanca uynaiuuacnna JIan sBBsrAaH 6up uox Aepona
    -[.oBnainopu li'{aa6 ea[,'rMHtu onayJlap. OpancaHu na[a, haMql]HHH
    [Ior.ranruria, Cuuunuia, KacrI.l,'IHja l(panrapH, O,lax,rpaja rpaQu
    ItyAaQIIa elupa,u. Huxx.nrapaHHH TOpdQHH:a A.rrvaultja HMneparopy
    Eis aprr j a;r sr,,rlyaoaur, coHp aJ'Iap rco E-vpryu,luj a hepcory, 6llp cupa
    llH4ep,rau,1 Ba aJ'tM a H xH j a3,1a pbl qblxbl uI e!,n,pAll-r eP
    Oi nahajer Opaucaiurn rlla6acn rre 6arua 'rartluur Jyan"r'rHr
    nvhipu6onuir uyhyu 6ejua'rlxarr Herllllc'rlepu o.lt,.11" Iroltltn uyhapu6a
    nJr*,i""uran ofafcanui ctljacrr MapKJ3.l.rutrtacn 6aua. 'taraH saqox 6y
    eaxr,a.aH e'rn6apau <Dpauca Asponauuu 6ejH.r.lxanr cfilacarllHrr
    vvhtx oo.r oiHarrara 6a ttt.l4-11J.
    ' Jysu'.unx'r,lyhapH6aaa hrp6fl ;-,rta.nlrjjar;lap allrpvaFhlrr jeulr 1ci'r'
    'rydsa,lrapu riurur eruSjuu jeurr npuHotit;topn ha:up-
    .lapbi Bo hep6u
    -[aHMara 6aru.nalu KH, 6yH.[ap ,qa coEpar'Iap KeHI{Ix J aJ blJ]Abl'
    447
    K ,
    e,(aH ruehap-yH jyxapbr Ta6arenepH 03 arnapfiH,[a xejrH capBar ron_
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    I
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    TeuKrrJr erfiprunap Kr.r, 6yHnap !.a 6auauqa o,rapar vei,r'apa5n x6a_
    par uArrnap. E_vua xepa Aa ruahap,repaa coclan 3a,uljjar,,rop trox Baxr
    uuraE snAi(trj jarnapne qyn Fa ubrpAbr.
    __-rl1llloto"canMar orjacaru, oHyH rrex KH.rcecHHH o:yrrau aaha qox acbr-
    l-l 1.":!!*g y'tyH aalu 6y xfi.rceHrH uru,rapl.,Ha rapbrrxMa_
    n"p r y KacxltH yl\.{yMH e'rrpa3brHa ca6;6 o,ray. gexnjaaa
    _".o1 _.-"-]
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    poua xl,pujacsrua raprxH o.[A],ry v,{yH Hapa-
    :-yI1 relqa ae;n"i, ejuil-air,rinaa, hin
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    I-i1:11r,rapubr qeBpllrMr..tuan.
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    [tbr r{brxbuxr,rap, KaTOJ'Ir.rK Krr,lcacflHe rapuH My_
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    qex xarrHHbrH rvyxranuQ by h"p;;;r' iraaer.nap
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    by hapexara nDara vHaaencrrerruxH Seoaa,r,ra llaahuj jairpo$'Jc"opy
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    ;;;..,';;;yha HHne_
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    ra,[a6 eaupr;.
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    ernauLu. 6u6.rrjaru sex' nliJ,rHHr r""rp"rrruar. O,
    Iililr:.:l:y
    rrpara--yxlrBepcfi.rerr.IH,[c ara,,rh]r e,4aH aJTMaHJ,raparapusi nay6apusa-
    Ja oauqbrr'rbrr erMHrrrax. 6y uy6apueaaa vuusepcurei uap.,,ruiujw-
    HHH qexnapa Beplrn_Mecfl (1409) aa Jax I-vcyn
    py ceqlrJrMecu l-l,re 6aua qarMbtrxAbr. litrrrepcrrernn pe^ro-
    Karoatr Kurcecr.r Ba gexajanuH a,ruau pyhaHl,,upu lyca
    regaplracbrHa uy6apasa anapbrpAHrap. osB;,r.rc rapuru
    pHqr e,a nau aa IIparaHu raox^erua,u
    iyi"nr,r.na.* *u_
    b"ray (r+Li;.-Bxj'."r"p .orp,
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    oruAacflHa Kop9.9!.p rapflrarq, xrua uyhaxaua
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    450

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    a.au pyhauraap, spx qex Qeo4al.napu-nan.tap, ruahap narprrclrarll
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    Aa oHnapHH MapKagH o.nau Ta6op urshepHHrH a4uuaau) aaHHbr aJr,[br.
    hauun rpyuyn acacHHhl Karrrnfinap Ba caHarKapnap rarrrxun eAHp-
    4rzaep. Onaap raupy6alu cepKepra Jas Xxxrauux 6aururraur er4n-
    ju opay japar4u.nap. Ta6opuy.nap QeoAar rajAa-raHyunapbrHa, Bep-
    xxnap Ba MyKon,reQHjjarnapa rapruEr rrlrxHp, KaronHK KHJrcg ra[rxr.r-
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    MyaijeH eaflnaH e3 xeurHurnapu BapAbr. Ta6opqy.napuu 6np rncMfl aM-
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    451 I
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    I
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    l1!"9rrp
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    p '{na 6ypKepnap ,Be qeHKaBapnapuu
    - ixacale
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    Oyfxep uc",raharur
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    oao onry. I ycqy hepaxarHH4aru 6y Mynajr.rM (rue'raar.r.n) ua6ha <Qux-
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    ) an r,ryhyn
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    ajr.iHrl [,{pa erMacx- Karo,'rHK Kllr'rcacHHAa ja,rnsrs pyhauu,r"p, 6y uyp
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    9exuja4a rycqynyt hapaxaruluH xeuau syc,sr a,ruacu poua
    na-
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    ja na4ap erAH. t{exfljaHbrH o3yHAexH sa oHyH hy,ryanapHHAaH xapHlr-
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    I
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    ), 6e.,re Ea,r_
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    .u,e aa eKc-caaa .{gFyp.vpa)'. Ta60p,t1'.,rap AaruaIrrrja ysapnxa hyul,ua
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    ra BHralarJ,rape raxrir o"{.nynap. Ta6opuy,rap jl,pyru,rap sauausr
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    :(aH.4.'rxrepH Ta60pqy,lapbrH opJycyHa laxr.rJ'l onyp, os ayaiaat ee p1_
    hasv Qeora,r,rapuHa rapuhr My6apn3.ljd ra",rxslpasr,rap. Kon4rn y"_
    JaHnapbr .raK'{a AnMaHrrjauux ajpu-ajpu hr.rccaaapusla Aeju,r, ejHu
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    ra o,'rKe,tapAa, Ae aroBJlaHbrplbr. byHa Kopa .aJ r),cqy hapaxaruusr
    jarupuaraa 6yryu xaro,rux Aaponacsrusru uaparsr eapasr.' Karo,rrx
    KHJ'IcacI.IHHH Ease.rAe Keq pflnaH MaqJ'rHcH 6y uarcal,,re frnu,,rauvu.lap-
    .ra (uauruuxaap,ra) aanuurur,rap anaprbr Bs casrLu (1433-vy ua IIpi-
    ra KoMrraKTarH a!:laHafi caslru) 6arflalbr; Eaeen xu,rca MeqJ,rr.lcu .ayrr-
    jerr-r agau,rapuu .4a 6up 0HH,,IaH qaxbtpr,ra <xp[cra r.oByrrM ac brHa >,
    ja'uu npnuacruje ajHHx Hl{pa erMac Hrr ra6ya ei1n se xrrnca aM,,laKbr-
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    Qau,raHuunapuu rarr oJrapar ra6opvy,'ra paau a j pbl,rM acbr aeMaK r.rAr.r.
    EyH,uaH conpa Qnuuauvr,r,rapua Bs Karo,,rHK naHr''rapbrH HH 6up.tauruuur
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    452

    b--
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    ,Il,yuan ( l33l-1355) ropxy,ry rah.nyxexxu He raaap 6ejyx tl,rayryay
    .q,ephaa 6aura AyuAy. O, Poua nanacu HJra AaHbrrrrbrrJrapa 6au,ra4u.
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    JraHMacH, Crerlau ,[,yuannH eryMyHAeH conpa Cep6rjanuu 6r.rp cupa
    uycram.'r Qeoaa,r uy,rr,rapl{Ha fiapqaJlauMacbl rYpKJlapI.IH Ea,rxauaa
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    r"i" rr"rrffi uehxan,rau,a.upl.t
    ;ffi;;;";il;yn.,ry1v Quxiu 4a cej'nannrnpa' v :.:ryi. aBBeJIrIe-
    c;-;;. c'*ord.t j"toipaJ'- oflvur'raHa iul'uo'-ot'X1^1 cunahu-
    ilii;'i.rrpai,*o, oua ra,ru6 ra'ltuax rai-rar acaH o''Iyp exap ayruvan-
    io 6H3 6'vHy e1a 6it"luapn-x; halr ga
    Jraor.tMIr3r.IH cu,'IahblHa 1n1"'"'*itn*
    ;;t #H'Ar;;;;.rof dr,in;'"'" onManHjHr KE' oHnapr'rH KopYunepr'
    uilx ra'clplt aJlrblHa aY[IMalaK)' ys-
    Xoucruan xaeonoKulacblHu aHTsl MaaaHLjjar -au'aHa'rapu nle
    ja,"I
    #",,^B'#a*"_%r?:i";i'6u:t
    jJ,Tf ii.,,"-t,;y"'.iBx;l'
    458

    tEr**--. .; ,- 1-:
    <OeaceQa racKfi HnHjtl harrun.4a> ocapuHAa [Iro;levej acrpoHouxjacu,
    ApxHMeA MexaHI.IKacbI, Eexnaa haHAacacu, fluQarop'uycrirncr, Apuci
    ToreJr MaHTtrtrr 6apaAa ua'.nyuarJrap ranMhrrxabtp.
    Kx.nca pyhauulapHH rahcua aJ'rMacH yqyH 3apypn oJ,raH Kr.rJ,rca Be
    MoHacrtrp uexra6lapn raurKr.rJr eAapKarr aHrHK AoBp ayHjaax 6x;rux_
    lapHHHH ajpbr-ajpH yHcypnepnHleH ucrnQaAa eruila rrr5u6yp o;ray.
    Jlarns asrsr HpcxH aa jaanus cou Poua uunepujaiH 3aMaHHHAaKbl
    Ma3MyHcy3nauMHur QopMachr MaHHMcaHHnAH; 6y upcgau 6uprapae-
    an ucruQaAa eAHnAl Ba o TN LAH cypaTAe xpucrfiaH ehrau;rapuni yl-
    FyHJ,rauaupblJrrbr. Asrrr 6a.nsxnapHH yHcypJraplrua xx.lcaHxn ehii-
    javaapuua yjryn.raulupu6 6Hp jepe ron.,raMar yqyH HJIK qahAn ha.'le
    V acpaa Mapcuan I(ane,ua KgcrapMnrrrAn. O, <@u,,ro,roxHja rla Mep-
    KypnHHH xa6uHx harruuta> xura6r,ruaa aHur uaxra6,4a rahctaus
    ecacHH,ll,a AypaH Ba <je4au aaal ceHer> a.u,br Hfle Ma[hyp o,rax Qau-
    napxH rHca xyracocunrr Bepaa. VI acpaa Eoecu sa Kaccno4op 6y
    <jelAu canaru> nxx rahcna nlrnJ'raclHa ajupaunap: auaFbr nnnra
    TpuBnyM aal:arar rahcr.n nul.nacu: rpaMMaruKa, pr.rropnKa Ba rna- -
    Jrer(Tr.rKa; a,rr rahcn,r [HJurac[I-<KBaapHBnyM> aAnaHaH Tehc n i

    nHrJlacr: haHAaca, heca6 acrpouor'lxja Ba MycnrH. Ey racrnQar XV


    1

    I
    jysuaauja reAep,[aBaM er4a. Maxra6,rapAe, coHpanap yHr.rBepcr.rrer-
    JIapJIe PnTopHKa Cncepou,4an, AHaJreKrnKa Apncrore,r4au ejpal. nfip- l
    i
    Itl. heca6 Ba hoHAocoHllH ojpenrruecuurlx acacbrHAa flurfarop na Eex-
    JluaHH, acTpoHoMujaHuu ojpauu,rMscHHEH acacbrHla aca flro.neuejuu
    acaPnapH aypyPAy. Jlaxrn epxan opra acprapaa <je,a..u,x asa4 caHar>urr
    TeapHcH raMarrH;ra pyhaHnaapHn TahcHr Marcaarepxna ra6e e,[HJTMH[r- l

    ,1H; pyhauulapuH HYMa jaHAanapI.IHe rca !IY3H Ua"ryuar - ayanaPhl l

    6n.ruax, .naruuva oxyMaFH 6auapuar, xulca xHluar,rapr rajaacu l

    Irre TaHHIllirHf, heca6,a,au au a,qu ua',ryuara MaJIHK orMar na3blM H.[H.


    Ey 6[nHK rarpecHHflH xeH[uJ'reHMacfiHAe KHncaHI,tH ruaparu jox u,[n.
    Eyxa xepa ,[.a Kunca prrropxKaia ja,raus uoasaaapflH raprl{6H,, Knnca
    ' se leeaar caHsnJreprHHH haaup,rauuacu yqyH Qajaa"'lbI 6tp Qanx ruun
    jaHaurupabl; Aua,rexrtlKa aeAHxaa o saMaH,u,nuu ehrau.napun acac-
    JraHAHpErnMacLIHa xI{AMer eaaH cY6yrJlap cI{creMEHAaH [6apar Qop-
    Man M;HrHr 6aua ayrlrynypay; heca6 uca harr-heca6 YqYH Be peraM-
    Jrapr.r ilnHH-MLtcrI.rxa 6axuuusaau joauarLau erpY 3apypu oJIaH reril-
    py6a 6x,,ra x.neprH Maq M!'cy heca6 o,r)'HyPAy.
    ' ' hanAaca r'.ra'6a4"!ap yua,r,a,u,ruacn YqYH 3apypll oaaH QnrypJrap
    Ba qnsxuJlap 6apaaa 5n aaH 6n,rnx,lapn ahara eglp1tl. Myclrn 4nuu
    hruxnap oxyMaFbI Ba t{olIIMaF},I, acrpoHoMHJa I{ca xP}IcrI.IaH nacxa
    6aj pautlHuH- 6aurlasu acu BaxrJIapHHbI heca6,r auar ycy,r.na puuu ej -
    poaHpaH.
    ' Mv.aa,qac jasuHun (,qtlHn xura6,lap: ehAu-erl.rr Ba ah,[H-''Ioa[a) -Be
    n*rr"L ,iarr'pt>uuu uyrfysy 6yryn iar''uap,laH yr'Ia ryrynyPAy Ey
    aeapyu Typ.,ly lprropu, Ceelanjaau I'lcllaop, Mohraparu Ee,ua na 6'-
    pu iapaQnuaan jasu,ruuru rapnx acepnapH x[nca ,u.YH]aKopYtxY Hna
    aulrnaHMaraa rrleMIIJJarnH uea',Iya aaa.larcH3 r,vpy'IyuaH harr ra-
    3a rraErp br p r. br ,
    )ipilcinrn ehrauuHa Kepa KaI.rHarbr (xocr*rocy) aJL'Iah xaJIr er-
    ,rr,i"p; o heq HeAaH j apa4u.nr'rurulup ga a,r,rahuu Irayajjau erauju
    459
    Baxr MahB oJrarr{arAbrp. Ee.na,rux.ne, aurHr QancaQ,aHrn ax uyhyu nau-
    s JHjjerH a6eaHnajlr harrun,4a Aprcrore.n saejacu 6uP
    - ayHjaHuH
    raiapa aruaau. Aurur 4eapaa Apncrore.l na flroaeuejuu Ka[Har[IIl
    rypyayuy 6apaaa japar.uurnapH KeoceHrpusM ra','I ll M l.I aa xpflcrualr
    ehxauuua yjFyuralxAblpblnalr. Kauuar YMyMI MapKa3H, oraH KYpanap
    cucreMfl KLIMI, recaBBYp onyHypay; oHyH MapKe3fl HAa - hapararcxs sa-
    rajaHax Jep'aypyply. Onyx arpaQul.aa KyHuu, Aj, 6eur
    "rii-a"
    naCxer (Mepxypu, Benepa, Mapc' Jynltrep Ba CarypH) ,noBp eruP-
    ,r, ovi,a'", io*iia h"p"njt.rs adjaHai ynny:'rap cahacx (3oauax) sa
    6v.ll,'tvo calta Kenl'lpall. Ey.n,ryp caua llrK hepaKarBepHql{ rYBBa- HJIa
    ;i;;;Jr;;;;r;rarl Kurnuroi*i arr jvxapur uapra6acrraa. a'uah ga
    racBHpHHa, haM'{rxl'lu qahaHHaM Be
    *.rr.*r"J i"rrairpl".,d.yujauunjepuu <xyuah'ru> orIMacH paM3H HAH-
    ,.r*.r ,li ia*nl itn.Itlotiaiseu
    f'- rtlasnara ltca, KI{JIca ta',tt.tltuxa Kopa anAYKAaH coHPa 'laJalernH xPHc-
    .''-tl""i,"oriPyhy AYUYpAY.
    rHaHJrapHH
    '
    6ysaas a3 xajan aei 'rAH JepHH uap-
    ""iruivpi"p'Aa
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    i;;;;r';;.;;p-""nvHvPAv) 1ar jei'ri,,pau Pasailla- Kepa 6vpa aa
    6 D BaxrraD iephg '{aHHarH oruyui,uyn ui opaaaH aepa qaj - [a"I'na'
    oi'par, raHi ia Hla vaj,rapu axMara 6au''IaMblluAblp'
    - -knr""-ant
    AyujaxeiyulyltyH hoxupau'ruru ra6lerH Kuaca Ta'-
    sa- flHcaHbItl
    ejpauunuact'rHa xYcycxJre ruarrpr ra'cirp i^1iL1f "j.il.
    *
    ouyx Max''lyr rr0uar' o 'IYM''la-
    ,'rirrra *up" a.n.nah ea iaparaurrur
    6np
    -
    iJr rr-.rr, orp-oupxHAaH dJp"'i'u'ao'p hapruyaiuxarjunun
    Y111L.:9j"*t" "'h-
    raeahypy
    DaM Ba lraear'I aYH;a paM3,l *"', "i'att
    fi ilr ;r;;;;;fr (c,M Bor'r apH H ) uejaa ua
    ---.,i"pfi .-'Ltv'p""'np" -vuxapua-
    ii""ii i" r"1,"p'n xepyHlutas ceoe6napHHxH>
    jajaurs
    -Ko-crapHnMac*
    Kaacaxtttl
    ra6nar harrusaa.rrr* ""uryi]) heca6 eavarpau' ra"IpY6e jo"rv
    e;il; ;;r;;;;u ruej.nap upitl''ru*o
    ' ac'r aaare.,tapt'tH
    Ha Karxpu6 '{blxapupau' By
    HJle ejpaHfirMecuHa " .nput tani"""'KocrapMlr:1j11'-
    6yryn opta acP MaaaHuJJarI''"' i:t'p
    heca6 oay-
    P,:lap' VI acpae
    xn, co3nap ueJnapun t'6'"iu" a jasrularuaupu
    HvD.[.v
    :iI;ip;;"";;;;li-,;.:_l:iL",,J."JL.LtHIi#l,il,'i,lHol,'itt[f
    oDra acpnapllH HrK eHCHI{JIOnei
    rpa,Marr{Ka' ra-
    By acap o 'EeBp'r'a
    ;54;;-d;;;"r""rja,cu jasuaauaurpono'noxlja. Ba HxahHliara'laup
    ,r*] -.iprOri"' iocl",o""oxuia,
    horaoi iyHan-potu a uya'rnuQ-
    6u,ru r,rapur ronnycy [t!.[r' "tu'"i'no Jla.KHH 6y Ma'ny-
    JlaDUHttH acapnap HAaH *"'^*'"'*[to"
    "o.-!pr'",,u' "tuiru]]r'' rrrph- €rMfl urar'r-
    ;;"r;;;; -i"t't yiFyH
    nasaprijacuna ureKn'raa
    ij'
    Ey xria6 epKaH opra t"pn"pi" ''i"a"ii'ii"i'Ha
    yulH 6aur'nuua uau6a o'ray-
    o
    ' Cut"tsorltgtr 6yryu opra
    ra'*rp xecrapru'
    HHqecaHal'tiia
    -
    aaa6ljjar:a 6H'laBacHTa pea'ttacr-
    .[.eBpaa aYH.iaHbIH ncpadctr
    tlecflHa aKC O,IyHMacbl uo' u'^""'"o''n;-p Bd a l'lcroprjanap
    apxacHH.4a u" "to*ortxl.rrrs uaaansi.ia.r aa r'aaQ1yq3.. --cahacrHAo
    vehxau-
    "-"' ryrrerepxrrr
    xarr .rrro".r"*r""fi"'ni!oup"" ,'pb".t:ljll:
    r'";r""r'
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    ilt;;;;-;;o";rjjarh ayHiaHHH xa,rr KYrre-
    -
    o'yo'u"ii"'- 8i'"p"" 6iaian japa4uotu'nuru
    .napu rapaQuu4.a' o"p*
    460

    l5t*-s- -',f*dE-
    rypypay. Xa.rr vaaaunj jarHHr.rH r(oKr'repu QeoAarusuaaH aBBaJKH acKE
    AoBpJrep,[aH 6aunaHbrpAbr. Ey r'.ralanujjar 6ap6ap uaaaxu [.tpcr.t Hr,re
    KeJrJrap, re,[,H M anMaH,'rap, c.laajar,rap so 6aulra 6ap6ap xanrnapuHbrtr
    6yrnapacraxr aeBpy acarxprap[, xHaMJapH aQcaHa.rapr, aa 6ajpau-
    napH Hra a.[areaap n1n. Eyryx opra acpnap 6ojynua xaxl.la,rap nue-
    pHcHHAa caxranuaau_6y au'ana;rap ,13 ,l'rHr hrcc;rap Be recaBBypnap-
    ra, JaKuH 6a[rra vaeha6s anA ]uil.r hucclap aa ra-
    - 6yrnapacr.,ruja
    caBBypJrapJra a tlrbr"'raHMbrurAbl: 6y hncc.nap Be racaBBypJrap yqyn Ka-
    .u,apnu xpHcrHaH rapxr-,u.ynj a,ruru, xpHcrnaHnbrFbrH',raH,rbr ra6HaTa
    Har{cbr3rbrFH 1ap, :aytt. Caaa Hncan",rap ra6uaru asqar nahuualt rye-
    aa tejua, hau aa uar,.lr ue'var",repux Ba 6y.a,yHja ceBrrH,rrJ,rapuHrrH vaH-
    6air heca6 e.{HprHnsp. OH,'lapun ayHjaHbr repK erveJapuHa care"'reBh
    peaJI{3M xac rlAH. CaAa xa,trug ua'uaax hajarur.],a auKap cyparAa
    KHnca Myclrrljcr.rHa sa 6yrea"lyx4a haxnu crxQaH uaaaurjjaraHa rap-
    ribr.lypaH xanr MahHHJapbr, ojyx,rapu Ba uuQahu noesuja 6ejyx poa
    ojnajupau. Myaa,raQa Me'nyM o,'rMajaH xa,rr japaluvu,runu, Qolx-
    aop Qopr"raua. Qagre,r'aaa rcpoqara paHxapaxK lrAu. EyHaap HaFIIJI-
    ,rapaar, paaajarnap.{aH, MyxrenrrQ ,rupur uahHuaapraa 'l
    - uaha66ar
    MahHbrJrapbr, cyQpa uahuu:rapbl, eMaK MahHht,rapbl Be qo6aH MahHbt-
    I
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    MahHbr,'rapbr, MaraM Mahllbtnapbl Ba x. a.-aaH I.I6apar I.IAH. EYTYH 6y
    - Toj I

    Qo,,rx.nop HyMyHaJIapHHuH xeK,'Iapll +eoaa,1n3[{,u,aH aBBaJIKH acKH aAer-


    neps KeaH6 qblxbrp,{bl.
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    oH,,rap,,ra a,rrafsaap oaaH <ara-6a6a aa3T,'lapH> kHMH, xa"Ilf KYTJ'lara-
    purrrlr nc'na",r uaaauujjarr.rxa xejrH ,r,apcllela uapaur japa,r,up,au. Je-
    HIl TapHxl{ uapal{TAa, e3Y Ae qox Baxr JeHH eTHoc (xarr) acac"'Iapbl i
    y3aPHiAa Al]pqanaH xa,'Ir MeAaHll aH'sHaJIapH coHpaJaP 6yryx opra I

    acp jasu,rsr oaLHIr ela6Hjjaruna ra'cup KocraP.a[.


    Epxau opra acpnapfiH xarr jaPa.(blt'IblnblFblHra, ,ha,ra vaaauujja-
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    .lo jyru,rap Ba Bypyu M a,ra p h arruuaa, 6aullbl,'I a pbIH aa rahpauaH'r apun
    o"iraaairr,, u"ali erau iahpaua H;rtr r tt ahuurapu Ba,r.acrar"[apbl 60-
    jyx jep ryryp,ry. Ea':aH hap6u npyxxHaJap Htl,rpHCHHla ltej:ana ra-
    iiu-oy uahiu,rap Ba aacraHr'lapbl coHPa,lap xa'lr nQauurapu raau-
    hyp,ra ur4upap ba xa,rrun ap3yJIa pbIHa )'J FyH o,1 apa r .4eJ u u.ilHpllpal'l-
    .rap. Xa.,rr ,aacrauJapbl opra a-c-p fap6u AsponacslHbIH.I.tpll c[oc acep-
    JIaDUHHH IrrKuH acacbl o.'lny. xa.lf acacbl o3YHY rart
    jerxln',rNjl ala
    Hxxu;rreoa. Hp,ranasia sa Cxau.u,unaexja o.rKe.lepnHllH epKaH opra
    acp enocyHJ.a 6yp1sa sepAr. Ey o.lxr.lap'!.a Qeo.ta;r'rauna npocecllHHH
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    erKa,,l3p[H xa,ri ue'pnnaa KeJlr Ba reA]'lM aJMaH eQca HenapIIHII H,
    Bajar"{5pIHHH ue.napu jaruauarIa u,lH. Ey aQcaHe.BJ paBajer''lrp'[a
    xa,,rr 6aavu raxajjy:ryuyx rYApsrx o3YHY xYcycH"'Ia aJ.r,bIH Kecraplrpal'l' 1

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    ,16I
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    eAeu rahpauar,rur Hrrua,rapuuaix rioapaiiup. vl"nantiio


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    Aypyp. Ey noeua X acplH aBBanr{H,a.a aHrJ'l-cakc arr.runaa jasuja ca-
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    pa,!apH Ba rpoxycaap Kocrapr.rpauJrap. Xa.rra xysaa,rux yHCHjjorae o,1aH
    6y aAaMrap acaHJrbrrJra xarr rapfirarJlopHHl.I MaHHMcajHp Ba oHraphl
    re3JrHKJra 6yryH Aspona4a jajup4u;rap. I(xlca rahpauaxrbrr HarMa-
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    repuex vircear,la I'ICr[Qaae enx,rax. JlaxuH xanr japa.4hl"] H"qblFbIHraH
    rhaMaH ucr[Qa,na erca Aa, xtl"lca oHyH [crap .nYHlaBlI a.[.aMrap, uc-
    rapca fa pyh;H[nap Hqap[cI'IHAe ro3ahYp'repuHa raPuH AaIrM MY6apH-
    ," gyni<u opia scprapl.IH xanr. MaaeHltjjaru e3 ,[axHnH Ma-
    "nrpopar. h'"rHuri qeo1i,-ru;Ica uaQxypacl Ha rapubl Koprs6ull
    t rij"",ir"'""p,
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    e'Tr{pa3 II+aaacu I.raII.
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    i
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    j

    462

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    i
    uacbt TaMaMHJIa apa,llaH lanxAbl. .[l.auruu,raua BaP.a.HUlnapfl jaAAaH 1
    qbrxapbrnaH. Con asrur.Aenp an'auaaapH-, o qyMreAaH ,[aur.ue'uap-
    JrErFbr, Mo3aHKa caHerx jarHH3 r+laxy6n Aaponala raJrrbr. Mapxaaaa
    aa fap6u Aapolauux uruual ar,rajcr,repuH.na Hca arau ue'r'aapauru
    ycryH rau. Ha.up Ncrncna,rap Mycracila orMarJra 6y Me'Map"'rHFbrH
    HYMyHenapH raJIM a MbIlx,u.blP.
    Eap6ap aerry Be,D.yHja ayjyMy, OI3HKH ryBBaje napacrHul, MaJI-
    gesnar nyuajuu erauP[nMacH, aaruu 6ynyula 6xp,'lHK,[,a Maa,[,H onaH
    urej.ra 6x.raaacrra LIaHJIbt raMac-epI{aH oPTa ScpnapIrH IrHrqacaHarfl
    y,ryH 6ax 6yH,'rap ce,,IHjjaBx n1r. Ey xYcycHjjarnap esYHY 3epKepnHK,[a
    Bo Kura6 hasup"rauuacu lruflHna 6ypy3a nepar. Tav,rapa, rblH,lapa,
    rorranapa, 6oj1'a6aru,rapa, y3yK,'rape, 6u,rapslx,repa rusu,r hauuja
    HqapHcnx,[a rNiltar;rx .4aunapJla se tlypaxxa6 Haxblllrflaprta 6asar ny-
    p).rj pay. Easax"rap flqapHcIrHAa haulacu,^xycyctlaa <hejaan> Ba 6HrKE
    i.rorHerapu ycryH"ryK rauKHJ'r eatrpaH. OsytlyH 6yryu npnuurneanx- .
    .rapuna 6axlr a j apar 6ap6a p HHtrIscaHarl'l 6ej yx .aaxu,ru aI.IHaMu3Ma Ma- .,]
    JrHK HAH. Ouytr 6aur.ruua recBrp Bacflracn paHK IIrIr. flap.rar uej.lap 1

    6ap6apJapbIH xepua hltccuua aa .ayH j aHu .llepK erMa,rapuHa yjFyH onaH I


    Ma.[,J.H.rrrrx.qyjFyrapbr japa.ruplu xr.r, 6y Aa xpHcrHaH KIrJIce raPKI{- i
    Y3ar HAH.
    'VII
    ,rr,yHja,'IbTFHHAaH
    acpaa fap6N AsponanuH xpllcrl.IaHJlalxMacu nuu 6aura qarua-
    cu u.na anrponouopQust'l lnvacauarn al{pqaJlnp. Ey xutracauarun uap-
    xaassaa a.i.nah BJ MYraaaecr'IapHn Nncan cuQarHHra racBHPH .Ilypyp-
    llv.
    <KaporrBr ora HUn>
    VIII acpuu cony - IX acpHu aaas"lIlHAa' 6ejyr
    I(ap.n sauauuuea, KaporuHt Aes,tarauaa Qeo-
    jyxca-
    ra,{-Kr.lce MaaaHlrjjeruH;H MYajjsH jYxcanruu 6aur aeplp Ey
    ,1lItx TapuxluYHacrrur.Ila <Kapo.nuur ojanuuru> aIbIHbI anMbltxabtp'
    Xaoo,rrir,rapun KeHHu Jpa3l.lJln aoBJ'larlIHI{ HAape ervaK Y.IYH agBnar
    ,nJprr"r, r'lyajjax rahix,r haaup.nuru onaH Me'Myp KallpxapH Be
    uahxaua haxnuiiapu rla3blM HAII. Eejyx Kap'l 6y '{Yp a'qaMnapbl o'
    gauau aha.nuuuu jexana canaalut rJ6arJcIl o'1aH pvhaHH"'Iep Hqe-p-H-
    i
    ,un, 6u,rapin; hapqaHA pyhaur.r,rapnn MaraHIl caBItJJacH JYKcaK
    "nra,
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    i

    xeoa haD 6uo uouactup Ba ienrcKon xaqeaiaiu uaaaltrla pahr6;rap


    ;;;yli;;rr;'p y'ryx ruai<ra6.n-ap a qHr M ar H xTH AYH j eBx-.ara Mn a pHH
    rihir,, aruaiuibl ra[IKu"r err'aax yuytt :a (802-uu H'] raxyHy - Ka-
    ;;;;;1";;., u"na) Tahl xacreDHJraH Jern japa'lu'rvarra onaH MaK-
    ra'nHM nporPaMH KeqMxtr xtlJce t''t;rxta6'rspuHHH nporpa-
    o:rap, 6"pt'annxpau 8l3-'ry lt;r lfla'rott xfl'lce
    Maq-
    ""0;ainitoa""* ero
    """oI", rapaPbln,l,a aejs:rluiu xulll, hcuux
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    pv'
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    i

    i;;;;;# 4
    463
    , 1:l
    il I
    6ejyx por ojuauuuuu. Huneparop capaj4a a4a6r aapHax KlrMH 6rip
    F: uej raurxt,r erMuulAr.r K , 6y Aa <Capaj ara4eutjacu> aluxu a.nlruur-
    ,qu. Kap.lrtx 03\ Bd oHyH '{oxcajJH afire y3Bnapu, eH KopKeMJ,rx py-
    ;
    haHH B.r IyHjaBrr u jaurap. Axeu:a a,rl,laMbrru capaj rucxr;6uHHH My-
    [.r.rdpr BJ ura Kfl p-1napl.l 6r' axaaevt j auuH v3B.tepH x.f H.tep.
    e,rJIU
    AKaleMxJaila rJhqd xxrce aejrr,r, ejHl JaMaHr.a aHrv r uyealaQ-
    uapur, ha6e.na AcpHaK y3BJ,repHHr.lH s3J,roprlHrH As ecapn{JpH oxyH}'p
    na ruoph oflyHypr). Aralelrnjarun hep 6rip yssy osyua aarur ,rara6
    Beja 6[6,'r[jaAaH ,nara6 xerypMyu:Ay. Kapr <AaBx.[,), A,rxyrru <<D,rarx>
    aAr'laHbrp.qu ra c. I,lra,rnja1au Poua uya,r,rxQnaprHu H ecapJrapr.rHAaH
    H6apar o",rj a3br,,rapH KarH pHJrM r.r txAn.
    EHp cupa MoH acrbrpJra-paa caJrHaMar'lep jassl,rup, aKlrHqrlJlrrK Tex_
    HHKacbIHa Mapar aprbrp. Aur x aespa aaxp axaxulr,,rax rexHflKacbrHa
    aul aceprropxH ysy xoqypyryp, KeH,l roc€ppyQarbrHa AaHp jexl acap_
    "rap (uaca,rax, _Bo,raQp14.Crpa6ou1'u <<EociaH,rapuu 6eu"pn,ruacr
    harrbrHta xHra6. uejaaua xa.nup. Er:auc rrMlleparopnapbt-
    -neoMacbr)
    xu jalrcsuajaH I(apa Axex, Eopuc aa 6aura uehap,rapae aauaau
    capal.rap_Ba xlJcarap rllKlr"rMacr 6apena eMp oepat. 6y rHKHrunap,
    acacar, Eusauc _ Me'MapJrapxhlFbrHbr rar,'rHA erca Jo oHnapaaH qox
    xtrqar( r.rlr'rap. <Dp,anx.lap,la H[laar caHeruHfiH KaMHJT nHxlruraQ er-
    MaMacH y3yll.[.aH I(apl eauauuHAaa yq an,[bul M bttx rrl{uHTHJ,reprrH, Ae-
    MaK onap, har'rucu yuy6 aaFbrn.qhr. flerpyr,rysa rarap anqar'Axenra
    6rp xa ne,r,tu r a.r M br tr.r,[ br.
    @parx 4eararnnrlH hajernuu
    ."^..?:jl_l.|_r.!ry J1l6nil9p,
    ![,a HJ'l aH,{upAhI- I ehCI.Ifl KopMyrX aAaMnaphrH
    MaaeHH
    I
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    :IyH iaBH
    a.u.a
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    tvroHacTbtp
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    I

    ysy xovypy.rrruaja 6a urnaHnu. 1,


    ap-3HH.u 6r uyp a,riarua,rap ehruiaru xe i,ru apr1u. By
    ,y3l.r.i.t
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    Jrapr,rHr,ru yuyvn caju 7000-aan uox.u,yp. hasupla aurur naya,raHq,rr_
    pr.rH acapnapu Haup- onyHapKaH acacJ.raHbrJ,laH a,r j aaw.napuuux 6ejyr
    excapujjarl r{ahs IX ocpa an,a.aHp. O.njasuaapsrHirn sahnpr raprabi-
    rbr ra xej,'rn jaxuruaaurau. flemax onap, hdp jeprr iypyci lasu
    raj.nacu
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    Haxbrtxlbr 6aru,ruraapa 6aaaal,rup.ln.
    Kaponrnr jaauusr;rapuHux - Ilane"r lHaxouyu, A,rxyuxuu, l.r lr-
    neparopyH reprlYMejH-hanHHAaH H6apar o;rau <Eojyx Kap,ruH haja-
    ru>Hu jaausrur Ejurapasru acaprapr opra acp rarus aAe6sjjaruuun
    HHKHUaQbTHa rehoc onay. hxr <sy,rucr acpu>HAeH coHpa <Kapo"]'luHr
    ojaHblruH> uaaprQrt, o qyMranaH AyHjaBu 6x",ruxaspuu xejpr.rHe
    onaH Hr.eja HpanH cypny. ,rlaxltH <Kapornut ojauuuru>Hn Ma.a.aHujja-
    tng harurs ojaHLltubr heca6 eruox onMagi o 6o'sn PoNla HYMyHaJ'Iapu-
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    JI HMACbI I,IAH.
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    aaha !,a I-IHKHua0 erAH. haJ'lc epKaH opra acprepAa KI.l,'lca xaafiMra-
    464

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    plrJr.rpAH. Conpa.nap cHJK.,rapxH aMaKAa u.'r HrHHblH 3apypHnfljH Hnejacbr
    jaiu.n4u. Ey u.4ejanu ,rlau jenncxonl' Aaa;r6epox (X acpxH couy
    Xl acpnu oBBa.r ) rbrca'{a onapar aH aerrr rxaxuJrae 6e,ra uQa4a er- -
    ,u,n; ...6a'aulapa a)'a ealp, anKap,'rap[ AoiVuryp, 6auranapbr uu,rajup
    6y cHJKHH yqy ra 6xpxa jauaMa,rll, ajpbllMar harrun,aa .ayutyH-
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    r-r.uryrcycy (miniter dei) o,ruacu harrus,r,a Myaaea nHxnIlaQ er4ll-
    plr,'rHp Ba xocrapHJrHpAr.r KH, xpa,r, herra eAa,rarcue oJlAyraa 6eJIe
    ra6aaaapa oHa rraar erManHAupnap.
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    u:u. Ey aHqaf oHi Hna Myaj jeH o,ryHyp-Iy xu, haur.rH uaaaiujjcr ja',r-
    HH3 capaj Ma'Myprapbr oa jyxcax aasuQaau Ma'MypnapuH xfunx 6up
    rpvnyHyH ehruj a,;.lapuHa,{aBa6 Bep np!.H. <Kapoauxr oj a Hbrulr,r> AoB-
    p\ HAe a3 Kr.r,,rca-ar.rH ,qyHjaxopy[y haxnu 4ynjaxopyrx oJrapar ran.4br.
    uKapoanr ojanorruu> I(apo"rrHr.rap xvnepujacuusrx aaFHnMacbl
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    uox nlarra6,rap 6ar,rasAu.8l7-,,{u u,,IAaH 6aur,rajapar pyhaxu a4sr a,r-
    rr,rara hasup,raruMaj aHxap yqyH Knnco Ba MoHacrr,rp uaxra6aapsx.qa
    rahcua a,tuat ra,s,aFaH o,'ryH.qy. IX ocpnu, e3.iloBpyHyH HnahujjarbrHbrH
    trHKUuaQ caB jjacnHAoH jlxapHra rlypaH jeKaHa oplrxHHaJr Myra-
    Qaxxupu [p,'raH^(r.rja,]ll Hoass Cxor Ep[yKeHa u4x. JvHau au,rnHn
    jaxuu 6r.rau Epuyxena jyHau ueon,raroxqy,'rapblHrrH acopnapuHu oj-
    paHMHlx Ba OH,'rapH JraTblH'.laja qeBupMHtnAH. ou,rapuH Ta'cnpl{ HJla
    EptryxeHa esynyn 6au.,tttva scapl.IHtra <Ta6ltaruH naPqaraHMacbl
    - jjJCHHHH aKcHHo
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    rraHreH3Me Meir eaHp. Eprl'xeHa YqYH xpHcTfiaHnblr e'rxra4u hap "ryp
    6u,rujuu acactl HAH. Jlaxas o 6e,re heca6 e!.np.r,H KH, aHH H,[,paK a3aA-
    ,'IbIFbIHbI CbIXEIIUAbIPMAMANbII6IP. EPI1YKEHA AFHN HH KIIJICE ATANAPH-
    HbIH HYQY3YHAAH YCTYH ONAyTYH}. TACAHT C,4,I,I PAH. COHPA.TAP OHYII
    €capnepH 6u.q'aTlrI Jcapnapfl KHMll n]ICnaHH,qAI'I.
    IX acprn coxyna jaxuH Arpona o,rxe.neplHltH qoxyHAa ua.1anrjjar
    ieHHAaH TaHa33Y,Ta 6aLu,ra jurp. Ev reap X-XI acplrn 6llpHH'{fl japH-
    iornu ahara e.[,Hp. Ja,lHbt3 A,ruaHnja.aa Caxcouxja cYnanacl{HAaH
    OmoH.napAau oJ'raH trM IIeparopJlapbrH capajblnAa X acpuu coHyHAa
    -
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    'rri KLrHr[ ulxJ'IspH ana pbrnHp, o,r j a ssr,ra psr EqYpY"lYP-1Y- Ea'su co6op-
    ,la pbrH He3,a,LIH.[a t.laxra6,rep au u.r lt u urlu. lPei uc4axl j en nc xon uax-
    -r"6r"ptrH.u,"H 6uputtta 980-qH u,rlan 6au'Ia j apal <a3a,ii caHarrspH>
    pahn6 a,'rr.ru heiOepr - KaJIallaK narIa I I CuJrBecrp reapnc eaupAI{'
    O. AeponaHH apa6 parattacpl tt.re. heca6 sMal"lapHIllt acaH'lau-
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    r'rehayaryr-
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    rua'ouna xolrax era}I. Jlaxuu ox,rap 6y MaacH jjerl.lH aara
    xeHHUr Ba
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    773 465
    30 cno.
    '11:T_'trit-',r:

    *
    i
    5 2. Xr-XrIl eCPJIePAe OPTA OCP MaAeHl,JJOTt,l.

    X-XI
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    -
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    ueaeinii5trrrn' 'laHrbl ulanaprdpAe eMTJa rcrehca,'Iu Ba fl\'.I
    slxxu'r,hul4a TAAaBY"IYHYH HHTeHCHB llXXt-lUla$U HaTI-IqaCI-tHIa
    pory. jasnaru, heca6.narrlaru, caHeA tapru6 eruajx na
    pocMrrna[A]rp Mejr 6avapan a4auaapa ehrujau
    ,[.ypMa.a,aH aprbrpabr. Caucrxaprorr ucrehca"ru npaKTHKacH Ta'{py6[
    ' 6u.nux.napa Mapar Aorypyp Ba 6y ,{Yp 6x,ruKrapnH ron,raHMacbIHa K6-
    MeK eaHparr. Illahap.nulapa xac o.raH hajarhl QaaJ.{apK erMa, ajHr
    harr-heca6, urxxy3apJ'rbrr aFbLqa acac,'IaHaH ra+axKyp QopnracuHun
    truJroHu6 haaup.naHuacuua ca6o6 orr,y. OrJu ra.qa6ar Ba Mapar rar-
    pacu apr,(H. Aynjean rahcltra vejr xYll,'IoH,qfl. Canal,rr,Lrur pyhaulr
    . . HyMaj aHAeJrapuurn uah.lyg, raupaclrHHH
    hyaya,rapuu.lau KaHapa qblx-
    AhI.
    Ku.ncauus sehHa rahcli,r y3apIIHAa uuhrcapu [o3y,'tay. MeQxypa
    cahacxnae Kr.i,'rta 03 haxxu saetjjaruHll cax"'laMaraa tau. Jlaxun, har-
    ra r,rahuijar Bo +a,'IceOaHxH osYHa ra xaro.rrtx Masha6r x,la 6up
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    virr'anjjarunHi Me'HaBIr hajarHH4a 6aru oepax, ott-vtl uuxr,turaQuna ca6a6
    oJraH 6y MYrapal'rH ha,[uca,rcpru Mar{MycyHv <ltahap ua4auujjartt>
    xut'tu IHjuar,raxlHPMsK oJaP.
    Illahep ualauujjaruunu xox.napfl xa,rr ve.[aH HjjerlnAan 6aur"la-
    usrpau. hax ulahap.raplx a:al' aha,rucu tahxlrt.ru xeHAnxrap uqa-
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    uox
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    -
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    pucnnaan e'ru6apau, urahap,rapaa BqrHMau 3Hrnxjjdr"lap aapHHnaLU-
    4nxua ruahap uaasuu j j aru 03 jex"l uHc,'ItlJ uHll ltrll pax.. by MaaaHHJJarJa
    -r,ayxranuq
    ,*rrua 61.,r"trap dUrrap o,Tay. haurix vej'r,rap 6ap rapetp-
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    'ar.rpHpal.r.
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    iiii.iri p".uoit arapr,Iparrna p. tlleheprapaa jen HCKon Itlexta6aaptr x-
    ja
    i;;'a;ri.;, 6y sa auxap u,x"tpnH lMYa'I''r M H) raue66ycy H;ta
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    qblxMbltll al.IH''IalIl-
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    {HnaD rDynv tori,raitlplu,rap. Tahcrl harruubl uaxup'(Jl3p1.IH e3Jlaplr
    'olahariaH KurcaaaH acu'ru o'ruajau 6era uax-
    ;;jr'pil;;i. Maaa, qeBpllJlttpal{'loP'
    ra6jra-p acai.,Iur,ra jeuu naejaaapblH MaPKs3JspHHa
    466
    .,f
    EE*E- ^
    Kr.uca 6y uaxra6.napa ury6ha una - ayHjoBr, 6a,rux,rap Ba a3a,[Qll-
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    Eo",ronja4a (Hra,ruja), aprur, XI ocpaa hyryr uaxra6,rapn uejraHa
    x.-r;up. By :uaxra6,rapru japaHMacbl H,qJ <MJHuMCJMaD rejt-traH npoce-
    cuu, ja'ur Poua hyryry yHcypnopr.iHt,lH MaHaMcaHHJIMecaHHH ecacH
    rojy.lyp. Eypaaa rllqapar coBAarapaHn, uyxra.nuQ ny,r aua.nNj jar,ra-
    pbrHH Be 6a'seu cn,rx,rapapacbt
    -MYHac[6arnepH
    aa raH3tM eaaH hyryr
    HopManapHHhI ojpanupanaep. hyryruyuac,rslr 03 Y3epI'IHAaH IHHH
    epiyjy aruara 6aur,rafu. Ca,lepuo (l4ranrja) ae Moune,rjexln (<Dpau-
    ca) ru66 uaxra6.lapxxg,a nHcas 6aaasuHtlH rypy,'Iy ly 6apa.qa reupy-
    6ares aonan lraejanap ueiaasa xe,rxp, aHrtr ra6u6,rap o.T au hl-tnnox-
    par ea fa,leHnn acap.napx ejpaxr.r,'rr.rp, epa6 a.TltuaoprHnx tal,rujjar-
    .:rapx uasapa aJlblHblpaH. E1'raupy6n rc6a6arux rHrluraQuua uspaur
    iaiaaupatr. OxcQop::a (hnxn,rrapa) onrllKa . xYC) ol"la^ jaxruul raa-
    in" orj,rypay. ,Ihsla (llluvarn
    '"n.
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    iasaruu rap-xx. Ba a4a6njjaru
    noiuju'o', Illaprpaa ujeaan I

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    ., ul .nir"r,
    I

    lbrHAaKbI uleja,rapJlu rupqeJlAnpall. Kl,'tjou rac4ut eaHPAH


    xu' J
    1l
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    x4u' Eypa-
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    .,,it" rt;
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    opra ecp oan(.oac*n
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    LIaJlbl,I-
    -1
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    ouyn uJ'e'ia 6lnespecruu cap-
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    u'v yr.jQ'xxllpnrp veilaHa xa'lnll'
    -ipri
    c' ur:a
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    qacaparru 6up rlnriup *i'";'n O xocrapax xr' ja'rlu: ttscanus hscc
    (ret) <yHrI-
    crrrlin rax-r.,x ,r"1.,,p' -o"p,'
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    I

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    ayry ra6y.n eaxJmpau. Tax-rax urej,rapa rca, ja,ruua 6y narphyu,ra-
    pLIH TepoMacn Ba oHr,rapbrH 6Nrxux oauajau aKcH KhMr.l 6axuaxpJ,sl-
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    HoMliHarxcrJ,rep 6yu,rapu aHqar yM)'Mu an.rajuru,rap heca6 e4rpln-
    ,rap. B. H. J[enanus geauju xrnrr, <<opra acp,repaaKa HoMr{Ha,,rHCT-
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    .rapxx uy6apr.r:acrxa 6ausajan vahar sap,:,up>.r
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    <Maxta6 ernau> AeMeKAup; sehcla> - cxo.racruKa
    <vaxra6> cesyxaauAup)-
    -
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    acp.rep), rapaml AeBpy (XIII ccp) Ba raHa3sy",r lospy (XIV-XV
    ecp.lap). CxoracrnxaAa acac rry6ahnca roFypaH !,(acana 6x:rtjux e'ru-
    ra4a lryuacx6arx Mece,raclr ur' {.
    Epxan cxo,racruxausru 6auu"napraH 6Hprr KeHrep6epr,ru Auce,rll
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    hHjjaru QaacaQu 6axulr.{as acacraHlbrp\,raFa uah4 xocrapapll.
    Epxeu cxo,racrrKaHbrH AHKap, uxc6arau l,ryraparrlr llcr[raMarr.i-
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    i

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    I
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    rnxaja rapuru qHxbrp,u,br. A6eajap aFbr"rbr .ipaKHH 6aut,rH,{a MaH-
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    cHHe IaPIXbI (A3PK e,[HpaM OHa Kopa KU, HHaHL,IM> Te3HCI.iHH rojyp-
    ay. A6e.rjap o3yHyn (I,Inahljjara xupHu>, <hc sc jox>, <<Auaaxru-
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    o.nuacu Qnxpxul{ }rpeJlr{ cypypAy. EHxe,rc xocrcpxpau: <A6e,rjap:a
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    ra au var,Erp> !2
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    Be KeHHlr urahap aaag,rur hapaxarntslu unxuuraQu uepaHTr.rHla
    A6e.njapuu xepyxraapx Ba Oaa.,rHjjarn xu"rca yqyH xycycr.rJ're ropxy-
    ,y ll^lu. ByHa Kopa Ia oHyH ra',,r[rurr xyQp e'.,rau onyHAy. OHa ja3-
    Mar Ba Aepc .u,elrax jacar e1aa1H. A6e"njapus ra'ru6 oJryHMacbrHbrrr
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    acp MHcrr.rKacbrHuu 6anr,rapuala:H 6upu a66ar K,repaocc,ry BepHap
    Atl.
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    I Jlexuu B. Iy'. Ocep,repu rav xy.r.rfljjarbr. 25-,r[ q , cch 39
    rApxuu Mapxca M SHre,rbca, r. X, c.300
    468

    hEeE*:--r---
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    d'
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    ayHy riunajx6 hasupaag,u.
    -li;1",j,1#lllll" XII acpaa, aBBeJrKuHa Hnc6ereH, aHTHK Lrpca aa-
    ha aaiHn M apar- -oiaHM acbr urahap u-aaaiujjarn
    n,ta 6ar.ru uat. Xa,r jYpYrunapI,t ea Hcnannjaaa
    PeroHrncra lep6r Illapr ne ExeaHc ua.u,eHujjaru Hna raHbrul erall'
    Spe6.napaeu asaa ealurMlrrrr To,te1o, aprur XI ecpnu colyn,4a, apa6
    aa jyuaH anxMnepH Ba Q[nocoQnapblHHH acapJIapHHI{H narHH AHIH'
    He raplryMa onyH.rlyFy MepKesa qeBpH,'Ilrp. Xl I ecpla ,laxsp 6e.ra 6up
    r*repxas, XI acpHH coHyHIa HopMaHJlapblH apa6,'IapaeH anauru cn'
    vu.rNla rar. Eypaaa apa6 €.IMIIHII caXraMor,la jauauu jyxau ralxHn
    .1a 6li,rrp4aaei. XIII Jcpla Eaxrur, hHrnoxpar, flro.neuej, Apxuue4
    aa fa,reins acapnopl JIarhIH AIrJ'II.IHa qeBprnMfluAll. Aopona, hau'rl'
    H H apa6napxH ra6ajjaruyxac,r ur e,rMraPHHa aal{p ecapnap}I Hr'Ia,
    6ejyx ra'rn* atnuu A6a Cnuasus (AorcexHaHun) Qusnra, uune-
    pa,roxuja,
    - Opri acp ra6a6are aaup acep,'IepH Irra raHbIIx onay.
    uaaarujjarxuui aaha aa sHKI.IuaQbIHa ax xyuay ra'-
    cupn Apncrore,rnn ra6xar QarcaQaotua aaflp acapnopxHnH Ba oHyH
    api6 uraphvn;repuHuH rapllyMocn xocrapal'I. Apxcrore.txH llepr ra-
    nauuu.na'puH4ai 6upa o,rax epa6 H6 PYu,lYH (l126-l196) acep'
    .napu jaju;ruara 6au.najup. O, fap6u -4aponaaa Aaeppoec ar,6l HrIa
    raHHHbIpAhr. Kop.loea4a ,4apc ,qejau 6y uox 6ejyr arI{M o3YHYH -i
    Qa,rcaQu cllcreMI.IHH japarlu. OnyH Qa,rcaQu clcreMa rIYypyH 6H'
    fuu.ru.nrjuxxH ra6y,r o,ryuuacuHa acac,raHHp,:l],l. Ey -u,a "la6ya. o,'la-
    par Nc,rau .(LrHH r.rJla rorryruuaja xarHpu6 qHxapaH. Aseppoec ApNc-
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    harrnsaa aHHH racaBByp,laplr I.IHKap ealpax. H6H Pyul ejpaaupan
    xu. uareplrja a6a.a,a Mesqyaayp sa 6yryt ra6uar haaxcanapx naahu
    raHyHnapa !.ejHJ, e3 raHyunapuna
    - ra6uv raHyanapa
    ra6e.aup.
    Mviaauig pyhauu,rapt Aseppoecn Kopaoraaan roBAynap aa 6yryu
    api6
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    ronry
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    Bepcurer (,raisrHua universitas-
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    ium'et sbhatarium) yHnBepcxrer
    '
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    r"6;;;jj"[: 6y ; i; a,i*"p
    469
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    peKropy (rector-haxnu) cevupAl.l.
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    raupy6aja Mahaa rojy,rMaMacr,r Aa 6ypaAaH IoFypIy. Cxo,qacrHragbrH
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    neMJrepr{HH, Moca,teH, yHfiBepcar r.rJ aJra p har-tblHAa MacaJ,raHl, rapubr_
    .rapuHa rojuyur as haa,r eruaja uah4 xocrapuarulr.r.nap; oruap-lap-
    6u Asponanu ra,1ru jyuaH ea apa6 a,rNu,rap[lHHH 6kp qox ecepro-
    pfi flna TaHbrrx eTMr.rruannap.
    YllxBeDcllrernapAo Aurur< upcnu ox3 oJ'lyHMacbt acacbrHAa eJIMri Ko-
    l(arolxr( ltpTlYacH. PYIII AAHPACHHHH XCHHIIIJIAHMACH XPIICTI,IAH AHHH
    Jlapxc l'6ll-pyurlqynapll r,ra ayujasr 6u"rrxaap apacriHAa xaacaHuri as-
    Xlll acpte. sa,r.nap ru,rajn6 hasup,ranuru Ba MyAaQtla er-
    Axifi HHc6arfl [o3Ay.
    470

    Ertuc.n*r-
    F+ '."- -':
    -t$t ,1

    ,
    Aptcrore,rau ra6uar QelcaQecllHe aaup acapJlopu HJIa raItbIluJIHr
    XIII acpae yHHBePc[rer ra,ra6a.nepx Be MYaJlnfiMnap]I nqapHcllHAe
    pacfi oHa.rr usM aa asag,Qrxup.n aax j un .; a j u.n uacblHa, PacMIl cxoJlacrx'
    irala rapruur aypan ra.nsr'aLiap u6jaaia xeJIMacr'IHa ca6e6 oaay' Sa'
    c"r"n, hrprc yrxaepcurerxHuH MaKflcrpnapH Eeualr Auopu aa.ILr-
    naHaH Aain.q,uH Hpanx cypAYKnapx [aHreH3M a,uejacuua. Kopa xpuc-
    rr.raH r(r-rrrcaorHuH aYuTYHAYjY KI.Iun al;rah joxayp; a;r,rah QYryu re- \!
    6Hora jaju,,rusrur traiai.qup.'EyHa xepa ,u,e xHrca esynlH 6yryx eh-
    xau.raisi Be r;uHronu xna
    D5 ajuunepn r.rra 6uprtxg.a
    61In,1rlxna .naauu bv xepyu.nap
    treitt,tlflrD. Ey
    ra3HM aejuaauP. xoDvuneD
    .M,nn.,r.r,.nrn+!rrr rapuraruxanx
    avarpuxaraapsrir haoaxaruHaa jajua.qsr
    TeDr-rrerqrr-qaK hapexaruH4a iaiuaau xx' xx. hauug
    hapaxaru Aa Klnca aMaHcH3.rIIJrJIa j arblpabl.
    XIII ecpxx coH.rlapblHa aoFpy KH,'Ica rapuHcuHAa' repurerqHrlrK
    hapexar.nafn ae asa4Qnxxp.na.llja rapnu t'ly6aplsaaa osyHyn..Qea-
    r,reri".,raprnx vohxau.neuAlpuax aa:uQecn aypAy. lIoMHj jarae
    "aq,
    peia
    peaa rawpy6a
    re',rpy6n 6l.nlxaapa rane6arblH aprAl,IFHHbI
    6n.nuxaapa^raaa6aruu a Ha3apa aJIaH KHJI-
    ie raxrniCHu
    ca raKrHKaHbI aajuuAH. Snsa,r.lap AYHIaBH
    .a.ajrurau. aBBe,'IJap aYHjeBH 6H,'urKnapa
    oH,''IfiKnapH HHKap eAall
    KHnca, HHAn hauln 6u;tlxaapa allHHH aajaFbl KllMH JaHaIIMaFH Te-
    ra6 erau. <Da.rcaQa <H,rahujjarun rapa6aurbl> e'nau o.ryx,ay, Apuc-
    rore.l ra',ruvns.qaH I{ce aHHH eh(aNlbI <acacraHAHpMal> YqYH xcrl'
    rla,aa o.nuara 6aIxraHMbIUJAbI. JIeHuu jasup,{u: <,[lnnuu.nux ApRc-
    iore.raa,{au,,rHHbI o,'IAypMytl.l aa e,rxyny a6San,laulaupuaurAsp>.r
    'Ku,rca
    au,raHqrl pah16 uar'lxjjar,rapH (6ax, l8-vn Qacaa) sacu'
    Tacr..rJra yHUBepCUrer,rapa pah6ap,rxjn e3 sJII'iH3 KeqXpAH. eesaa"Ia
    flapNc ynraepcllrerHHAa, coHpa Hce auxap yHHBepcnrernapaa una-
    hH j j ar Qa Rynra,rapll nananblFHH xej HP-AyacH Hna,[oMHH.HKaHJIapHIt
    haruuui-iarx anrHHa ,.vullv. HerH',Iaae cxo,racrgKa cupQ .[rnu xa'
    pa*r"p "a,ra". nCxo.raciaxa u,rahrjjaru jexuaan 6upnuuH;tNju a,ra
    kerrpan ua oHyHna aHllar ra6a6ar sa hyryrury-xac,rur xulrau reupy6u
    e.l r,al-ap
    '
    yryp.na pera6ar anapa 6 ,'l3pAHnaP... vntrsepclrer,rapaa .u,x-
    ,aH'ru oahi-6repu Irlohxau,raugu ih o BaxrraH e'rr6apaH cxoracrHKa
    enMandirHHHH 6yryr r,ae'tsau rynsa,raput u y aly..D.2
    vHUeepcrrer.lapaa KaToJ'lI.tK HpTHqaCHHbIH hy',,ryUy un44ar.lu nae-
    o;loxl :uy6apusa [apaI{rHHAa Kerllpal. Ey uy6apusauuu MapKa3u
    flapuc yrHsepcxrert tr.o,u. Xlll acpuu tlxt'tx'lx japucuuaa 6ypaa Hxn
    apncrore;tun uaxra6 apacslx.qa rorry IIM a _KeAx paI.I. by MeKTaOnap-
    liu 6upu - apablqbtn KaronuKnap o,ra-x Eejyx le,rc6s a.rnruur Al-
    oepr litsa-tia0) aa oHyu uarupan <Dor*ranuu (1225-
    -AxsuHa,ru
    1274) 6auvu,rsrr eranKnepfi uaxra6 ApucrorenliH acap.flapl.IHtr KHJ-
    ca ,"',rrorlm yjryH,r al-rltl p uaF a qa.rIHlxHPAH. <Aprucrn-u-x Qaxylt'
    i".rrnaa uejaiii KaJrMItt[ lHxap nerra6 Apltctore.nIlH l'I6n Pyrua
    pyhyH:a ulcph o,ryHuu.u yFpyHAa qHxbltx erHpnlr. Ey vexta6un
    6au.rqucu Epa6aur,rsr Cnxep ApncroreflHH apAblH-qa aYHJaHHH Ba
    6vrvu qasnu Max,lyr-yH, o r'tYt JIaaaH HHcart cojynyH (lacauulu), a6a-
    -e.r,rp,
    ai, 6r.ryryry tacart tpaxtuxx oJlaltar oHJlaPbIH aaaah - xa-
    lr. ,riaforiram xa,rr oayu4yryuy tiHKap e,qupau Crxepns ta"'l '

    I B. H. Jleuun acopnapx raM KYn,rBjjarH. 29-'{y '1 , coh 345


    2 Apxxe llapxca n Stre'rsca, t. VIII, c.344.
    471 _j j
    :;i
    I
    l. MHHAa a!'rJrahbrH e:y ra6tar raHyHJrapbrHa ra6e eauar.rpar.r, Knaca
    r6a-pyur4vy,rapa H ra'nrMuHr{ jacar erAn (1270, 1277). Epa6anrlrr
    Cxxep nana 3HHAaHbrHAa hanax o.n,u,y.
    XIII acpaa apAHqHn cxoJracruKaHbrH aH 6ajyK uyuajaxaacu nra.n-
    jau aournxxasqHcu ArsfiHa,'rbr Oolra r.rAH. O, xaro,rnx x,rahtjjaru-
    HHH ra6 ars Be qaMlrjjara uyuaca6artuHu eJra yMyMlt lrpr.rHCH[nap[-
    . Hn Hu,rajH6 haanp,ra.au xr, harr.ruu nplIHc[nr'rep[ xaroaux Krr,tcacrr HHAH
    t a" roxyHyrMa3 heca6 e4up. AxsaHarH Ooua osytyu 6aru acapx
    oraH (Hnahljjar MaqMycy>HAa Ba 6Hp cbrpa 6arura acaplapuu4a
    Aptcrore,ru 6nprapaQn[ asah eaapar Krr.rcaHr.rH ehrau cacreuugx
    pacHoHanr.r3M rrrerreirHAas ecacnaHAbrpM aFa, er'rMH Ar.tH3 xruMeT eT-
    ,(t{pMaja ,,IahA recrepl,tp, txyyp Ba e'TI.ITaAHH haxuoxaiacu rAejacbr-'
    Hbr l.rpaJrr{ cypypAy. JIaxux rpa",rcsQata <u;lahujjaruH rapa6aubr}
    MoBrejHH.4e caxnajHpnbr. O jaenpasr: <E'raraa uacala,repauqe hap
    hancu rapu 6yryn $r.uocoQ,rapAaH qox 6a,rrp... 'rynrn haucu rapu
    - 6r.nrrarp Krr, pyh orMa3l[p>. AKBuHa,,rbr <Doua ucpap eAr.rpAr.r Kr{: <aJr-
    .nahu g,apr eruajH rapurucuHa MarcaA rojuajau hap vyp e,ru ryHah-
    IbIP>'
    Axsusa,nu OouauuH firrrca.{rr ai, cxjacl xAejanapbr Qeoaa;las-
    r'luu anxuuraQuraa 6arII BepMH[r lerru ha.[uce,rapN nyn MyHacn-
    - O,6op,,r
    6ar,repn oa urehep,rapua raporrac{H}r aKc eraHprlpAr{. Qau-
    aNxtx ryrah orMacbr Bs <eAaJrarar'rrir rxjuar> hamuHla ta',ruu ape-
    nfl cypAy. AxsHHaaH Oova xocrapapnr.r KHr <aAaJrarJrr.t rajuaru> r',ryaj-
    Ha3epe aJrMar ,'ra3brMAbrp. Eyayrr,ra jaHaursr o, xycycr.r MynKHjjarHH,
    lroMnjjarr.rH cr.rJ'rKJropa Kopa rautK,lJrlHru e6a4naajuHr.r cy6yr eAl.1p,
    cr.rJrKJropn oMoKAaurbrFa qapbrp 6rF, Ar{H aoB,'rarriHlt (reoxparujauu)
    ruagh e,qnp,u,ll.
    Axsruartr tDoua opra acp ayHjaxepyuyHyg e HC u KJrone,[,Hja cxc-
    TeMHHH japarMbru, 6y cHcreM BaclracuJ'ra 03 AeBpyHyH Hpenr{ ar-
    .quru 6yryu MecaJreJrapH KHJrrioHrt aa Qeo4a,rrau rypyJlytxyxy rarH
    MyAaQHa MoBrerapr{HAeH ahara eruaja ,,rehg xocrapr'luu:4x. Mehs
    6yna xepa Aa nana,'rbrr, hsrra XX ecpAa, AaQa,,rapJra AxsfiHa,,rsr Oo-
    Irtauuu re',rulrusu <raro,rrri,rxjun jexaxa harurn Qe,rcaQecH> e',raH
    erMarx, oHy HeoroMH3M arH rra jeuxaar arpva,rruHruru. Myacup
    xatoaux.nujrtt ueQxypauu,rapu 6y ra'.nauAa alluuH MoBqy.r.rryFy Ba
    KanHra.rt.I3MHH e6aar"rujtrru cy6yr eruax yqyH <AaJ,rxJrnap) axra-
    P br pna p.
    raupy6eja acac.nasan 6n-
    Apar,rv u.,r cxoJracruKa
    Taqpy6x 6xnnixE rnjun nuxarraQuHa aHxeJr o,qay. Taqpy6u enM-
    l|Hl(rlu!a0u,
    Porep Eexor. nap -- ra6a6ar, acrpoHoM[ja, a,,rKflMja raMaMH-
    aa x.rahrjjara ra6e eax,r1u. Ey xycycujjar,rap
    a.rxruja,qa MaA,u,a,,rap Ba oHr,rapbrH qeBpunManaplr harruHla opra
    *- - e3yr{y xycycHJ're napr'rar [raKarrra 6ypyss eeparl. Oa-
    ecp re'rr-rMHHAa
    xaujavu.nap ue'uy:;r,ru <Qa.acaQa .4aurbr>HbrH xolraju r,ra aalr (rrac-
    .nauaH) Mera"'r"rapb( rbr3br.[a ']eB pv3ja u aauurup4sl,tap; 6y.qauun
    6yryu xacra,rrx.ltapx caFal'rl\{ar Be 6Mpy ysarMar xaccacrHa Ma,'lHK
    oJrayFy lla KocrepuJ'rr.rpaH. O"rxnujavuaapuH ajpu-ajpu reqpyOara-
    pn 6a'su Mallla,,rapxH xacca.'raprrHu ejpaHnraja KeMaK erca Aa, e,'rKr.rM-
    472

    :a

    Eair.&* . - -*
    _ i!*
    -,{..
    EI
    ja ueehyvar aa Qupu,r4arnx AajaFbr lrAH. Opra ecpaapAa pnjasllj-
    jar, $nsuxa, acrpoHoruaja ea 6aura eunrnap cahacuH4a rasauulan
    HaunHJJarnap KH.rrcaHHH gHAAltHe o,'rapar 6aru BepMfiu]AH. OKcQopA
    yHllBepcx-rerr.l{HH lpoQeccopy, QpaucucxaHusr pahu6 Pouep Eeronylr
    (rarp.. 1214-1294) Oa'lHanH raneju 6yHy cy6yr e.qap. O, relrpy6n
    6a,rnjx aaropureJra_pa nepacrxrx oJryHMacbrHa rapu:u roluyruay. Oiyn
    Qurpxnue <raupy6e,rap aflapMar 6auapuru 6yryn 6uaflx.napaau na
    ceHerJrepAaH yqana .4ypyp>.
    Pouep 6eronyu, osyuyn <6ejyx aMaK> aAnaHAbrp,u.HFH acac aca-
    _onapar o ,aeapyn ixcux.lronelxjacu i4aau4upupaap.
    puua han.ru
    beKoH, ra,4pyoeAe Ja,tHbl3 qox coHpar'rap cy6yr oLrynuyu 6np cupa
    rapfl6a Oap3xjanap cejaajapar< Kocraprp;lH KB, <aBapqbrJrap onMaAaH
    y3a or.IneH rypry JaparMat MyMr{yHAyp>l o, heq 6t,tp roury JraBa3u-
    MarH onMaAaH hapaxar e,[a 6wlan apa6a.ltap, yuau uaurunaap, ra.r-
    Abrphrqbr KpaHnap apsycyHAa nga. Eexou 6ejyayvy onr[xa ',rlthas-
    ,apH I a paAbr,,lMacHHbrH MyMKyH oJ,'r a qa Fr,l HbI cej.nauxurlu; xoj ryp-
    uaru ha,u,xcactsllH KyHau uyanapbrHbtH jaFbr[] AaHanepuHAa cHH- -l
    MacbI HarI.It{acHH,4€ Mej,(aHa KanIujnHr.i 6BpHH.,rH onapai O a jAun-
    ,r alx.4up M[uxAH; Aaponala uJX AaQo 6apurur pecelranu Eexon rap-
    tn6.erunur ee oxyu hap6rl Httr yr{yH ahauxjjarxxn xecrapuuru4u. 0,
    QocQop, MarHe3HyM Ba BlrcMyr a,ruar ycy,i,rapuxsr uyai.lax eruaru
    Bs r,iopyHypr 6yxaphrH xy.ryxy ojpaxnaaje otah4 xecrapi{Hur4x.
    Poqrep Eexog erMHH a3ar cyper4a ruxuuaQ eirraacuHxn sapypn
    I
    :l
    on,(yryHy Hcpap eAHpAH. O aejupau: uArn,r ayeiyn npaaaHuH 6aiar-
    rIHc[AHp Ba oHy ryprynyu2 ,4orpy jexaJ,(xp..- .,rahu,rauxleH 6ejyx
    rehayxa joxayp... IlIahna,rnr syauarrnu roay6 .qarulan nrylpu*airiu
    ejpeHMaK.{aH.najarar.nr hev 6up llu ona 6x.nr.raa>. I
    I(u,rca. Polrep 6exouyx acepJraptrHH ;la'uar.na1r. OnyH osy
    xu,rca uahxauecrHru
    -h_oKMy Hae 14 u,ra raAap ha6c,{e larAbr.
    ,I*-illffillll^" H;X3'*,I:11?1",H,:;,J,*3iffiX"JXlil:
    nar cyparaa uQaae oryxax JrarbrH aHnJrH e.(a-
    6njjar
    -
    aHruK cyxernap.qi uauapa' (capxyiaur) aaa6njjaru, Oalr-
    .[N- na hopacN_naH rer,'rrrA onyxMacbr, rapuyrtrejr-haa (r"rei5.rran, fljep I
    AoenlapbrH <(DeraKar,tapHMun raptxr>) aa uaxry6 rxaKrHHtra ja3H-
    JraH acapnap, ruehap ca,rHavarepr.rHAaH 6apar onaH aaa6xjjai jyx-
    ceK raparfu eaup.
    Ey. ega6ujjaraa BaraHrJrapHH
    :

    - capxap,4aHJrapbrH (.naruu.la

    'l
    ,t
    vagarr <capxepAar{nHr erMex, <aBapaJrauuar> cesyu.qau) na ja
    -
    ronuapaJ,rapbrH japaluuruuru xycycr jep ryryp. OH.napuu acac hni-
    cocH Myxren Q [qrHMan ra6ara,rap HqapHcr.rH,(eH qbrxMH[r copxap-
    gau rare6aaap uau;rap. Ey ra.na6a,rapnn 6rp uoxy pyhanu.repuu aua-
    pu huccacuHa MeHcy6 lrAfirap. Os crlxlapn HJ,ro AarrMu eJraracHHlt nru- I
    paH Baralrrnap, 6Hp HeB, uahap snja.tulapbrHa rreBpHnMflrxArrnap.
    Oxrapnn japa4uwu.nurunbrH o3yHaMexcycJryFy flqruMau sasnjjar- i

    JIaprHxH xycycujjaraepuuAaH AoFypAy. Baranraap aarun noeaxjacu I

    an'aua,rep uJre cHx 6ar,ru x.qu.lap. cypornapn aa rue'p aheuxaapnnu


    6y noesnjagau xorypMyrlrynep. Ouraxnapu Ba ,EatrMr.r MecKarrnepl
    oJIMaMacbI, ehrujau na res-res herupaue oesujjara canHHMaJlapH oH-
    l
    173
    alH
    a
    t: --.' -r =_,_,--- _

    .- Jrapbr, ahBanH-pyh HjjenaPHHa Kopa. uehopHH ,(eMoKpaTHK ra6erana-


    ' pH Hna jaxuxia uraiipupau. Barauuap ruuQahu xaar japaau"lulu-
    iuua uypa'rxer e,rlHP, xa,rr uahxu,rapunuu r'{orllBnepfi B€ OopMara-
    puu.qan' ucrurpa4, e4apax oHnaPhI JlarblHqaja 'IeBllpllp, hajara nNx-
    6ru MyHacr-r6ar ro6nt-rF eaHpAHnap.
    On.rap ca4a hajar ceurnolx repaHHyM eaupaxnop. Ou,rapuu ha-
    iar eruaacn a3a.[JIIJT x4n: <hajar4a eMYp cyPMaK Ks3analp, aKap
    ,' byhyn agaaabrpca! Asaa pyh nce a.n,raha xourayp!>. Baranraap py-
    haun.napu, pahr6.nr.rjl, PoIr.ra xypujacuuu (nala capajslHu) xecxuu
    . TaHTHA eAnpa[Jlap: <Poua hauusu sa hap xacu 6xa6up'racuaa ra-
    par e4np.9ox uyra,u,qac Porua capaju EjpeH',r 6up 6aeapaup. Opa4a
    - cexar yla.napnnxn hyryraapuHu a[IKaplla car],IpJ'Iap. Oxap ua6uu
    aory o.ltca opail,a ceH hap ruejx eJIAa eaa 6n,rapcau>. BaraHraap 6aur-
    . ra cr.rJr(n3pnH HyMajaHAsnepHHn JI,a KYnYn ha4erfXUe qeBHp[PAHneP.
    ou;rap uahepnxnapa ra3aHqa uej,r recrap.u,l.tx.napx YqYH, qaHKaBsp-
    nepa uca JroBraJIHrnapHHa Kepa Kynypayaap. "rlaxxn BaraHrnaphlH
    qox ha,raapaa, ou-
    Qeo4anusu uaruujjarxuu reHrHA erMa,repn, 6lrp
    aapuu uyajjeu vtl'tlarav 6yHoapaca oluajan, cuuQu cnuacuuu nrup-
    Muru yHcyp oJIManapHHraH HpoJIll KaaI.lpAH sa 6y ranrrl4 apAblllbln,
    AAPIH TAHTHA AEIHNAI,I.
    I _-__-.... lllahap",rapuu xuxHuaQu sJIa narblH ,4nauxnu je-
    enpe'arrur a""t"n'
    *aH, las;I aNrn oJIMacr apa,u.aH XII
    raaxsrp.
    ecpAex lep6x Aapona e,rxs.,rapI.IHAa MI.IJ'IJIIT aAa6I.r an.;r,rap rauaKKY-
    .rra 6auuajup.
    Mu.nlH 4rr.napga oaan a4a6rjjarsr-u ja ju,rr'racuH.u,a ruahap xxra6
    e'ua,rarxana.rapu 6ejyx poa ojHajupau. Ey e'rraa.narxaHanap HHAH
    6auJu'{a xura6 hasup,raxMacbr MapKo3nepIIHa qeBpHJ'lMIt urfinep Ba
    ruahap,rr.napru 4yxjaau 30BrnepitHI.I oaaMaja joHerMtllxaxJrap.
    XI-XII acp.napra, 6y Baxra raaap aHllar uruQahu au'aHa4a ja-
    urajau rahpauaxnblr .D.acraHH, rarl-I oJIapar, TaUaKKYJ'I erAH Be xar'lr
    .u,tlnnopuH.[a jasuja a"ruHa,n. E,'t conarxapnapblHblH aacraHqbl-
    .rapuu cejreaxxnapu xa,'rt aacraHnaphIHbIH rahpar'.tau,r-a pu, a.qaran,
    ' 03 oJrKecuHHH Ba xanrr,rHuH MyAaQHaqI{nap[ o.naH aejyurvyaop o,ryp-
    ;_ Aynap. flacraH.napaa oHnapHH lrxrganjr, Kytqy, acKapr pauaAart{,
    caaarar[ TapaHHyM onyHypay. H,qea,r,rau,qupttrMurx qaHKaBep cy-
    : paTJrapt.rH,[a xa.]rrbrH ap3ynapbl Be aaa.naT, B[triaaH, pauaAer harrun-
    Aa raceBBypnep[ os nQa4acuun raflblpaH. 6yHyu,'ra jaHauH, Oeoaa-
    Jlr3MnH +opMarauabtFbt lxapal{Taa j aau j a a,tunaH rahpauaHJlblr aac-
    TaHnapbt lreHxaBep Ba Kr{Jrca recsBBypnep[H[H ra'crpttHa Ma'py3 ran-
    ruaja 6n.nrtaas4a; aacraHnapHH rahpauax.napsr, qox Baxr, xpllcrnaH-
    auruu rrryaaSaaqx,,lapl{, 03 cy3epeHnaplrHllH caal{t Baccan,'Iapbl KITMLI
    'TacBHp onyHyprynap.
    @pauca rahpauaHnbrr aacraHnapbrHbrH aH uyhyrlr uyuynacr o.rrau
    <Polaua harrunaa HaFMa>aa (rarp. I100-uy r.ra ) Hcnaunja caQapnn-
    gau rajuaapren Eojyx I(apa opaycyHyH Poaan4 rapaQuuaes 6aur-
    qHJ'IbIr eat.rnoH apxa aacrsclHHH Poucesar aapacfiHAa l,rahn e4u.nua-
    ct-r paBajsr o;ryuyp. Xa.nr ra'cupn, x;rx AoQa oJrapar, 6e.na ryaoar.nu
    ruoKr{rAe HQaaa oryHaH BereHrrapBaprllK MoB3ycyHyH ryAparna cac-
    neHMecuH;laAr.rp. Po.nau,u, e:yHyn acrapu 6opuyny jannbr3 Kpa,ra onaH
    474

    ai-a:4" .-,,!- ,,-.


    E
    BaccaJrJrbrr csAararHHle lejnn, h3p rxejtraH aBBan, <a3H3 (DpaHCaja>
    xtt.qMar erMeKAe Kopyp. PonaHAa raprxEr xaHH laueaon cypertr ro-
    j)'",1ypay. py cyp"rn, racBHpHHAa Seo4a.n os6a uruHaJ,r brFHHa raplubr
    xa,rr urrrhauu 03 axclrH[ TanHp.
    XII acpaa l,lcnauujay,a uej4axa xalutrl <Cx4 harruxla uarue>-
    ,tla xaJrrbrH ,rac6xap,rapa MaBpJ,rapa rapubt ysyHcypeH BereHnap-
    BapnHK My6apH3ecH eKc -onyHMytxAyp. floeuaxuH iehpeuanuurin
    r[McarHHIa aps6napxH Caa* (1ana6) aAr'laHAHpaHrnapu I(acruau-
    ja $eoaaau Poapnro Arac Ae BH3Bap Aypyp. A,ruax iahpeuas;lur _l :i
    racraHnapHH6rH aH 6ojyK a6xaacn <Hu6eayii.nap harruH:i Haruar-
    rflp (rarp. 1200-uy u,r). Ey Aacraunu acaiHHAi 6ap6ap 6acrunaa-
    pH aeBpyHo ar.ra oJlaH re,u'uM arMaH paeajar.napu lypyp. floeMala
    Qeo4a.nusu ayHjacbrHAaKhr. a,B,ernapr.rH Koaapnl, .naxrd 4ysxyu ruau-
    3epacH HerU onyHMyIUAyp. <Deoga,rnsu uarraajjarn yrryH qox ala haa
    oJ'raH qar([tuMaJrep Ba rauap,,tbrrJ'rap xaJ,rr au'axa,rapa pyhynaa ur-
    rnhav o,ryHyp.
    Opra acp AacraHrrburhtFhrHuu jyxcax 6aaut xejtpujjernapa ManHK
    oJraH HyMyHenapu, oAar'rerr'ln onapar, .[yHja MaAaHHjjarnHHH arr Kop-
    KaMnH a6uAenap[ cbrpacbrHa aHA eAr{nHp. 4
    rrtarrarao XI-XI I acprapAf?eoAaJru3M ueultj jaru cx,'rr- I
    nepHHuH Qopuarauruacunus 6aura qarMacbr trJro
    "il6iiiiii. qaHKaBepnapHr{ naeo.roxxjacu ratlraKKyn ranHp.
    Ey za ea €KcaHri, o oryvaa.uai uauxanap aaa6nljarusla ran'up. trlari-
    xaBep aAa6njjarbr lraHKaBaprapr{H qreMujjarAaxfl HMTHjasnbr Ba3[jje-
    TI{Hr{ ecacnaHAr{pHp, oHnapbrH jaxuru uaher.nap}rH[ hap6[ paua-
    - AUHHHa
    aaTJIepHHU, BUqAaHJrhInhtIIapIrHH, XpaJra Ba XpHCTHaH CAAa-
    l

    rarnspnHn Maah e,(HPAH.


    I{auxasap aAe6HjjarH ,lynjaBn xapaKrepH Hna Qapr.texapax se 4
    tepxu-AYHja,rur 3xJ'IarHrra 3frAA n,.tr- Oa Hleja.napu_ua Kopa ,xar'rr
    I
    MaaaHnjjarnna AyuMaH oJ'raH !{oHr{aBap eae6ujjaru, 6ynyn.na 6e.re,
    her'lun ueaeuujjaruH MyajjeH ro'cupuHa Ma'py3 ranMr,ru, xycycflna
    xanr cyxernapHHH ax3 erMuIrr, oHJrapbr 03 pyhyua yjryn oJlapar je-
    H[-IAOI{ UII"'IEM HlnA}{P.
    XIecpae <Dpancauun qeHy6yu,(a (Jlanxeaoxaa) flpoBanc xanr
    Tpy6aaypJrapa uaxcyc ayHjaar qaHKaBap nfl pxK noe3Hj acbr
    Ir.rJrr.rH.[.3
    MejAaEa KenAr.r Ba KeHErrr jajn,r4ur. Esxe,rcuu Qaxpnnua, o 3aMarr
    qaHy6n (DpaHcbr3 MI.IrJIerI.r <Aopona HHKHTITa+IIHIIH 6arxblHAa Aypyp-
    Ay>; 6y MHnrar <harra opra acpnap[H eH AapHHn[KJepH HtropuclrH-
    aa raALrM eJTJTHHH3M rrapHnThlcbr japarrrrurug,u>r. Ey aynjalaru ua-
    ha66arn nuclejaH r{[nce rapKll-ayHjanbrFuHa MejAaH oxyjaH rpy6a-
    Aypnap Maha66erH 6ojY( coaAer Ba xouj6axrruK KUMtl rapaHHYM eaHP-
    annsp. OHnap <Keear XaHHM, aj Hs j aparMHru4u,rap. 5y ajrHa cH-
    rajxur e,lepxaH r,NaHxaBop <ryrQxap;lun raj,u,arapblna paajar erua-
    ,rl HAn. Et rajaanapa Kope qoHKaBopAaH acKopH Pouaaar,u,aH 6aul-
    ra uaMujjar.qa o3YHY arapMar, coh6eru aaBaM er,u,uPo 6fl,rMaK, My-
    rKopyuyp apa6ora <ceijtt,lr (ja'rn <aFa)) cseYHYB EclaH al{rH ra[yErapHBa
    yiFyH orapar rareooY3y HersqecsHtro aMaJIa xeJlxl'tllj a,[J(Elp-rapq.
    - | Mabrc K. s 1aze,,roc @. Coc., r, 5, crp. 378.
    476 i

    ,,1
    t
    i

    B: curH aJrarJIapHHAe IIarH6-oxyMar, qHAAI'l cyparAe uIxJIaH[6 hasup-


    JraHMbrrr Mapact-tM acacblHAa raablHa ryJL,Iyr erMeK 6aqapHFH Tera6
    onyHypAy. <JlyrQxap.nur>, qox Baxr, ealiupl Qopma nau. E; QopI*la
    apiaifuuaa xo6ya Qeoaa.n axraru I(H3JIaHI{pau. ,rlaxnH 6y <,rlyrQxap-
    .nur> uraxcujjarun rap6uja oJIyHMacblHAa ua'xaar rpo6.neunaps Mapa-
    FHH aprMaraa onayFyHy xocrepapAx. flposauc noeaujacurlla uaha6-
    6ar hiunu Aa M IIaHJIU o.nax ra6uarnu, 4orlua ,u,l japuH repeHHYMY
    r{r,re qyJrFa[brpau; 6y noesujaea (cupaexr,rap aanaHaH ure'paapaa)
    hauqnnxs cujacn ae (rrfiMafi npo6.neuaap aa 03 aKcHHH Tarlhlpabl'
    €ay aa rpy6alypnapblH ropKrr6'{a pauxapauxauju (rpll Qeoaa,r.lap-
    Aas 6auravuu joxcyn itaHKaBap,lape Ba herra ruahaprH,'I€p HqapH-
    cr.rHAaH tlblxMbtlx aAaMnapa raaap) uyxra.lar! HIITHMaI{ uej,uapa ca-
    6a6 onypry. 3u rlrauhyp uarpnepaaH 6uptlunu-Eeprpau 4e Eop-
    HyH j apa4rruu,rsrFbr aqblr-auKap xa JIra _ 3HAA xapaKrep Aaubl j bl pabl-
    O, cir piesr.na px H,qan 6uprH,a,a ja:up: <Xorr.a,yp KopMaK MeHa xa,'IrH
    au, va$axeu, ytuyjau, qst.rllar!> Earura rpy6aayp,rapblH acapJ'la-
    -pfiHaa 6fis, arcuxa, npr.r Qeo,qa.rr,rapa, xYcycxrra A16r (A.n6rroj) uy-
    haps6arapusaaH coupa iynrar,ranuuur pyhaul,'lapa rapnru hyuyu-
    .naia paci KanhpHK. Et.tp cupoeuraa .u,ejunsp.eH: <Eapox,rap eojryn-
    vy.rryr4a ycraaupaap! Eererapu, KopYpYK, o3Ka 6yFa,'lapbl t<acup,qcp
    MI.Ir'ra.(aa, 63,,rapHHHHKlr haiutpsl4ltp, aMMa, ra3blM,n.Hp roHarJIblraa>'
    Eaurra o,rra,rapaa lIIu tr,t a,ln OpaHca.(a rpyBepaap' A.nuauuja-
    -u,a MIHHe3fiHKep.rap
    -
    (<r"raha66ar rapaH HYMqYJta2u>) ,rupxx uauxa-
    sap noesujacuuuu japag,uusr,rapbl I'l!,[,lep. Xll acpnu .coHJlapblHa
    .[oFpy TaUaKKYJI eTMHlrI O,raH <MHHHe3aHla>JIapbIH cer'IHlJoBn xYcy'
    cajjarH on,rapuH xa,lr aH'aualapx l,ra cux 6ar;runblFH I'IAI'r.
    'llanxasap noesnjacnH4a <,[e>,HI'IH xYcych jepu aapaup. <,rle>lap
    uaha66er-ua,lapa cYxerr'Iapfl Hs Ma,[I.lK oJIaH MeH3yM noBecrnaP IIAU-
    '.nap. <,IIe>.nap, 6aur.ruqa orapar, Kenr paaajar,rapx sa eQcauare-
    pui.qen a,ruuuuu.IAsr (<,re> re,rr Epxtaulj acuuaa uejgan_a KarMI.I[r-
    !u). Eyulapaau 6ar,rsrqacbl 6pur'napuH, panajara xopa, V-VI acp-
    napao jeuaMbllx 6pnr,rap rpa"ru Apryp ea oHyH aajHpMlr Maca apxa-
    cr,rHa ronJraHMbrIII lIoHKaBapJapH HH H TapnxflHAaH u6apar.q[p. By aQ-
    caHanap <6perou cuacalacfi> ar,'IaHaH xeHl.itII lIaHKaBop MaH3yM po-
    MaHrapbr yuyn uau6a o.Tay. JlyrQxap,rHr poMaH"'IapHHtIH xYcycu qaH-
    xaoap a,a,a6nijarbl xaHpbl xuun xuxnuaQun,aa Qpaucus uranpu Kper-
    jeH ae Tpya'(XII acpxu xxauua iapblcbl) 6ojYK po,r ojualu. Apryp
    ilaaaiar.,riirnaan oHyH poMa HJl apbt na rapn6a sJIKaJIsp, aauuurau hei -
    BaHnap, THncHMJ'reH Mlrtrr a,u,aMnap, acpapaHKl.r3 uauapa.n-ap.na 6rp.nlx-
    ,aa Kenr aQcana.nepunun 6aaxu a,reut Aax[n onay. Mavapa axra-
    p brurnapbr lrsHKaBep poMaHJIapbIHa Mexcyc cYxernapxE acac xYcycl.lJ -
    jarr rau. JIaxnu 6y poMaH,'rapbIH erapn o,ruajau ahauHijaru 61'uaa
    u,r,H xu, oHaap 6ep,at uncax hucc.napu na uynacn6araapluu u jeHIt
    a,'reMIHL auu6 xecrapxp.u,ulaP.
    EyxyH;ra 6e,na, .,iauxaaap poMaHrapbl xu,rca uaQrypacuuuH te'-
    cxplrH[ aa oKc erAHpLtpaa. Ey 6yren 6xp cr,rcx,ra pouanlapaa, xyja
    Xpucrnn qapMbtxa qaKLLtIMacIr lrna aJlararap oJlapal aAbl qeKH,'IeH
    <fpaa;r>uu Mvraaaac Sra',lanun lIaHKaBap,'IapHH axrapMarapbl 6a-
    pala arpcane,rapAen KeHHII rcrnQa4e eAI{JIMeclIHAo xYcycrna He3a-
    476

    blarai.*'',=.-:-
    qE!'!E|srsara---: s:-
    E
    Jla qapnr{p. Tpucrau ga Hso,'ua harrus,la poMaH KeHrrru jajuarur,rru4u.
    5y pouauaa- rahpaMaHnapbr Aoj[u]Ar.rpeg a.lIu ga xesar l,.raha66ar ayj-
    ry-rapu racQ oayayp. hapruaH QoH aep AyeHHH <Joxcy.n henpnx,
    (XII acpru coHy) acapg e3yHIH AeMoKparr.rja uej;l,rapx u.na $apr-
    .neaup. Ey ocap KaHI"qH rH3H_HbtH orysalr xecra,rxjaHa ryry,rr,lyur 6ap
    qaHKaBape oJaH ra'cupnt'l uaha66aru 6apa,4a 6a4rH hexajarallp. A,,i-
    MaH qaHKaBsp noeaujacuHuu.lrrKap acap HHAa- Bo.n$pa u 6os Eues-
    6axsrs XIII ecpflH aaBa.,lHHa aua <flapcueaa,r, porr.riiuuai ca.{e HH-
    ca u hxcc.rapuur.tH Seora,r neahr' r\r atsr aa iapur sr- rrry6apraacH TecBr.rp
    o.qyHyp; MyenrriQ pchuau,r",rnju aa xejapxah,ru*r veuxaaap paura-
    Aarr na <,ryrQrapnH isri{.qa H> yqa ryryp.
    . CauQx ca,,rxjjaja \ralrlri oJyacbrHa 6axuajapar, ,.roHKaBap eAa6aj-
    jarbr opra acp. Mal'aHxjjarrrHau ,lyHjasurauuactna, uucaH uraxcrj-
    jarrua ra ouyn huccaaoxua iuapat japaHMacbrHa KoMaK erAH.
    lll.h.D XII-XIII acpnapra opra acp MaAaHxjjaruH,qa
    ala6rJJaiu. AYHJaBIBapeaJ'II.I3MMoTHBJ'IapIIHIIHRHKHIuaQIIH-
    rj
    ,Ia rxahep ena6Hjjarbr xycycHno 6ejyx po.rr ojna.
    au. XII acp4an uuQaha urahap Qoax,ropy uejaana xeair-p xr.r, 6yilaa I
    /ta xaJrra Maxcyc 6aru,raHFbt,.{HH Te'c11p]t napnar cyparAa o3yHy Koc-
    TapHpAH. XIII acpaa 6ynya ccacuu.La MIJrJ'rH, xarr 1r,raepllHaa ja-
    au"au ruahap aAa6HjjarH japaHbrp. XII ecpxH opra,rapuula u.rahep-
    trtap^q€ peanucr MsH3yM HoBeJ,rJ,ra (OpaHcala <Qa6,rr.ro>
    fabula-raucn.n co3yHraH; A,ruanrjaaa <uBaHKH)-Ma3a.nx - J'larr,IHqa
    hexa-
    ja.rrap) xanpu MejlaHa Ka.txp. Kn.inr< hexaja.,rapAe OeoAarflap cuH-
    QIluaH nyuajenlanap .carHpa pyhyH.la racBup onyHyp, Karonr.rK py-
    haHxnopHHHH aqKe3,tyjy Ba axJrar.cbr3,,lbrFbr HQrua o.tynyp, caAa xaJrr
    Hylrajau4a.rapunnn hasupltana6.rlr,rurbr Ba aFbrJ,rJ'rbrJlblFbr, caFJIaM I
    .qYttlyHlNacH Ba raqpy6rr ar,rsr oacQ o,lyHyply. .i.-
    Tarpu6aH e,ra 6y:avart.lap ruahap carnpa enocy NxxxuraQ e,1np.
    Ev enocvH aH 6ejyK 4gn,racu 6lrp uox onu,r,rnr,rap apsnnla (XII ac-
    pnH coHJrapbrHAan XIV acpr.ru opra,rapbrHa ra,1ap) @pauca4a japax-
    Mbru Be 6Hp cox Aspona Ax.n.rapaHa qeBpanMxtu <Tylxy harru,rnla
    ?oMaH>AHp. <Ty,rxy harrornla polraH>ra Kpan Ho6,r, Qeo-
    1a"'r a'jau ajbr EpeH, qaHKaBap jaMaH Ba - aqacnau
    rypA Hseurpr.rH,
    -
    tapaj lroueavrcl 6o1yer- xNuu recBfip oJryHyp. Pouauaa
    - erluax
    -Tojyr, AoBuaH, [r:r6ne sa c.-HrrHr rrrMca,rbrH,4a caAa L,taMaar AyuryHy-
    ,ryp. Eau rahpaMaH o.rraH ryrKy Penap uahap,rujo xac onaH xycy-
    rfijjar"'rapa Ma!,rHKAHp: xrxxy3aprbrp, 3HpaKAHp Be riuqaHJbrAbrp. O,
    .Qeo.q,a,l,rapaa rorryuMaJ'rap'Ia holrl-rua re,re6a qarr,rp, raK H Te3-
    'Te3 CaAe aAaMJIapbI I,IHIIHALIP BC aJlAa.IlJp.
    IIIahap aaa6rjjarHHbrH .rrrKap KepKaMr'rr{ acapn XIII acpla @pau-
    ca.r,a ja3llnMbrrx anneropaja noe\tacbr oaaH <Isrgbu xya harrnu.4a
    poMaH>Al,Ip. Ey ecap 1a, hauuuuuu 6r.rp vox Ar.rJrJropa qeBpnnMurx-
    4np. Er.rpun.,rr huccaux 30.,,ry H"qr'ropaa Kr,rjou ae JlopNc, nxxnull
    haccesr Hce 70-qli rr.rJapra Xax ae Men jaauuu,rap. floeuaHus
    tltiHtt',rx hxccacr opTa acp asagrpllriuparnnj HHHH napnar HyMyHacr{A[p.
    -[(ya.nanQ axMarJrhrFa Ba 3opaxbr.lr,rFa hyvyr'r earap, KHJrco xa.(r-rMJra-
    pr.rHHH qehaJornepecr,ruju aa r,aaqaHuj jarcus.rrujuHu ausr6 KocrepHF,
    TloeuaAa 6yryH rHcaH.napHH aHaAaH oJ'rapKaH 6apa6ap ,qoeya,qyrla-
    477
    I I
    .-.1
    1
    ]:..-!r:q.?:1-,;,.---.

    pbr rscAHr eAr{n}rp. EyHa Kopa .qa XaH Ae MeHHH tpuxpuuve, ou.na-
    puu .nejararr harrr,rHAa Qr.rxxp jypyaapxaH rrxcax,rapui ruaHurajrtu
    i,eju,r, ruaxca rej Qrjjer,rapuHN aa suja,tu,rururuhr Ho3apa arrMar .{a-
    3brM,[brp.
    lIIaup Pyr6eQxx (1230-1285) xa6ruo aa cupneur.napx (cxjacn
    MeB3yaa ure'paopu) napnar cyparae nQa4a o,ryHuylr aHrnfiarra ca.
    vujjacr aauujupAu. Eyu,rapAax 6upyxAe o, jasr.ruxltr: <Po*ra o.r-
    naa,rujxan Myraaroca 6yxeopa, Nn4u jyra ory6 carruuauna, uepa-
    ENpuclrntn rraKJrbrFbr rr,'ra reM[3J,raHMarH oJraH 6y qnpKAeH 3epap qa-
    xflp rlHAH 6yryu e,r, 6yryn a;rav>. flana IV Aaexcau;1p xycycu Qap-
    Mar",ra Pyr6e0HH ecep,,repr.rHHH jaHlrrpuauacu 6apoae heKM BepArl.
    utenaD Mvcffrc ^-
    *"'";J*;:^' eo lllehap,rapaa
    ' xaJrr xopy Hra cbrx 6aFnbr o,,laH
    '" 'loxcaclu (nolnQonnx) uycuru uejraua xa;t.qu.
    ' Ku"rca ApaM,rapbt KLtMIr, 6aaar xapaKTepI.'IHa
    Ma,IHK O.rraH, Uahap apaMJrapu rua6nh.nap ( uacrepr.rjalap) Ia
    6n6,rx j a
    - p[,'rMacr.rHAoH H6a par HAH.,rlaKrrH
    cyxer.repunrn cahuanau,u.fl
    Qapr 6ypacuH,la HALI KL1, 6y ure6r.rh,rapa xaHa 6ahap sa najsle 6aj-
    paMJrapbr Yr{yH csqBiiaBH oJraH xaJrr raMarnaJrapbr, 6aeaxau xejulr-
    nep.u,a en ojyHnapbr Be MapacHMJrepH aaxH,'r eaHJlMfiuAH. 6yH,'rapbrH
    ecacbrHAa, MacarsH, Mexrhyp <Po6eH ra Mapuou ojyny> (XIII acpru
    coHy) japaHlbr. Ey ojyula HKI.I aurHrHH Po6en aa qo6an
    rus Mapuouyx raprxx rocBr.rp o.ryHyp; Mapnou - KaH,4JIH
    lraHKaBapr.rH oHa ry.rr-
    ,,ryr xocTepMscHHr.r peaa eAlrp, e3 ceBXH,'Iltc He caanf ranbrp.
    lllahap rearpuHbrH xHKnuaQbr, yruyurjjar.na, QonKropyH rearp-
    JlauabrpbrJrMacH r.r,,re qox cbrx 6aF,'rbIAbrp. XII acpuu opranapr,rHAaH,
    apTbrr, r'raTbrH aHnHHA3 aelHJl, xaJ,rl AHJrJrepHHAe KocTapuraH TeaTp
    TaMauanapHHa, raapHqJla qox,']y cblpo aYHjsBH Bo veshaxaan uesuy-
    Ha MaJTHK onaH cohHaJrap Aaxx,,I eAIIJ'IIrp. Po,uapu urahap.nn.nap ojna-
    jup, rauaura,rap Hca 6r.rJraBacI.ITa Irahap uejAaH.rapHHla Kocrepnnrip-
    Xl_x,l I(nlca-.qrn ,[yHjaK€pyuy opra acp HHqaceHerl-
    acoaaora Hr.rH
    ';;;il;;,ffi.'* IHr(r.iruaQbrHa hor,'reAHqrl, ra'crrp xecrapuulu-
    aH. KH,,Ice l{H(rgceHerHrr aasrQaaapruu al.tHAap-
    napbrn AltHIl htlcc.napxunu naohxaulax4r.rpl.rrMecnHAa xopyp aa 6yHa
    Kspa Ae 6sAnrl japa4uuu.rruru uapuraaja caJrMaFa va,ruurupAu. Pac-
    cau Myra44ac jasu,4au aauxua XpHcr, Ma4oHHa, en.nxja (uyraaaac)
    cyporJrapaHr.r, cyxerJrapH, cahaa rypyayul.lapuxu urulauajs Maq6yp
    e.(IrJIHpArr. OH.d,aH 6y cyper,'rapHH pearrcr recBupr{ Aejr.rJr, oHrap^la.
    Hnahfl nHK, MyraAAacJrHK, KaMHJT,THK lt,u,ej anapbrxH a,rbr6 KecTepMeK Ta-
    n36 onyHypAy. O gaMaHxsr r.rHqacoHorAa HHcaH 6oAaHHHHH recAoH
    Qopuaua 4ajuurluplrleper, ruapru (opra acp paccaMJrapuua ua'nyu
    onMajaH rrepcfie(rHB Ba aHaroMnja raHyH,'rapbl 6axuuux4au) uaxu,r-
    Aa racBhp oJryHMachr g,a 6ypaaaw aoFyp,(y. ,rlaxts xa.nr en''eHanepx,,ra
    cux 6ar.nu,tur opra acp caHarxapnapH j apa.a.uuu,ruruubrH rejpfi-aAH
    Iapa{aaa poHxapaHK oJIMacH rr,'ra HaTHqeIeH[p]lu; vax,ru uylrahx-
    ,qanap oHJ'rapa HHcaHbtH AaxrlJlu ar'raMxHlru seHxru,rrj_rnx, _olrlojuH rnj-
    Maru Ba xosaJrJlajuun xecrepuax HMKaHbr BepHp,qr. XI-XII ecp.rap-
    Aa rar6grs r.rHlracaHar cahacxH.4o-6earrl xanqanap mxyHMacH,
    TyHqAaHrerua uejnep, MHHaJ'rbI Ma'MyJrar HcrehcanbrH,[a myhyu r',ry-
    BoQ$arHjjarnep ra3aHbrnA6r. Por*la yc;ry6yn4a xnra6 uuxuarypy ca-
    478

    E-b*,'rr_: __ .
    r{erl,| jyKceK reperrH ceBkjjecHHe qarbrp. XI-XIll ecpn3pAo rxylne
    Ba IaIUEIUJIaMO caHarr.tHHH jexr rexulrx ycynnapH (hopiyAa jdny-
    .,ry6 hauapaaxugrx aaurnapaau ncruQaga- o,ryHrriacu) llej)raxa x3-
    lup xw,,6y na fap6x Aeponala aaur ue'uap,rurbrHbrH AHpqaJrMacH-
    ua ca6a6. oray. Me'Map.rbrr:a jeHH ycay6
    -'poua yc.ty6y'japaxup.
    6y yc,ry6 Poua aa Eusauc lre'nap,rsir ju'euc,rapruo i"atrunrpa,
    ouna H Kxncenep, rananap rl KH,'rMacHH,na NcrxQaAa o.lynyp4y. I(u.nce- "a
    JIap y3yHcoB xav,Qoprracuaga o,raH Hpu, arup 6aua.nip'a4nnap; ox_
    Jap bIH tloxMapra6aax ry,r,la.lepr, rar br H .lall Afl Bap.'r apAa, hyujypla,
    rap neHlrapeJrapl oJypa),. fy66axu pova yc,ry6,ry japsrru.laupanr
    TaF,r ap ca.xraj brp!,sr. Ku,rcanuH ecac Kopyuytrr rap54u' aa cyryx6aur_
    !'rbrrrrapH hej xa,r,rapra 6a:alua Hp.ra. 4ridp,,iap na*oiru,runriai . harrr
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    rrrp:a. Poua yc.ri.6y vox ltea,la-ra o.rrvaiH ll,15 eapr,raunp, a,xxa
    hHCC,'repxH ga a.q.qahraH ropxv hnccrlrrru ryBBaT,,raHMacHHa KsMaK
    e.lHpaH.
    XII acpan uxnnvt japucsrunal 6aunajapat fep6Aa,
    llhvaan <Dparrcala, 6ilrra 1.c.ry6aau o.rri, 'r"'rrploi-'_ax.o"assaa
    -..
    nr",-
    I

    lit-aprbrFbr aJ'r.aHaH lte'rrap,,lur mejaaua xa,rtp. Ey ue,uap,rsrr ,t


    aa I
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    !1..::.-lll lrru sa Mahcy.,rAap ryBBarepHH yMyMlr rHKnuraebrHbrH Ka-
    Jraq{oK TeparrucHHn sKc er,4Hprlpau. for ni'ru a plsrruuuH ' caurjjaaN
    6rHaur,rH 6yryu"nyxla xeje yua,ruaculo,f .- Roua ycryo-
    lI"y-.1]]1ii
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    Ii99*Ir"::"-,ry
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    cax,'Iajblp,lH. Byua xopa :o ioi l criyOl,taa rixx,laH aajainip
    Hlrlx ALIBap cahacfl .rrasbrM xeaur.rplt. 61,xyu aaasrrga ^r,i""
    yry, *"-
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    *iqLi lyrll raMaM,lajaH qoxnv urxrrl rya,raaap Be
    :i] ",I^_A.1lr_iii.p.br
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    lA,riah axaclr)
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    HY MVHanepHAr.rp. Ior xr,rcacx AapHH
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    11\ rr,r,1JpHHa a.n,rahun aJrqarMa3J,rbrrbr Ba xrJrcaHln
    Oelyi.iyjyry aurr,r_
    jly3l-" lli- Ey xu19a,ral, ejur sauanla KopKaMrra iauei acap.napa
    ,]rll9i lVIo oHrapbr <.1au canQoxrja> aA,rra H.aHp M brrrrAH. trir yc_
    Jr)'oyHyH JaJr,rnabrFH AoBp,r,a ayHjaBH rt,e'Map,tHr polra yc.ry6y
    a6a_
    p1'ua nuc6aran laha 6ejyx po,r ojrrauara '6aru.najsrp. IIJnftafriia,
    cex caHarKapJrapunut-6arta,rapHHbrH arnapw xa'a ruahap urypacsr
    {paryua) 6auaaapu .rHKEnup. Ior yc,ry6yuai yqa,,r,aunaH 6y duna-
    Jap uanep oypKepraplrHHH (opra ra6araAau o,rau urehapaulap) u.,l_
    THV-alI_MaHJIHK ulYypyH] H apr.lblItlHbt aKC ernHpHpAx.
    XIII acpaa hejralrapa ur; uua pea.'lH3M rvej.nn,-,paruu raapHq,le
    aprfbrFbr Ha3epa qapabrp. Oep.tH ce',rljjaja uaaax caQarn oJraH, cap_
    6acr sa ra6y[ hapaxar,ru Qunyp,rap a1u ha,r a,rbrp. Maxuar cahHa-
    trrnKJtopH (xaua.nr.rap uahcy,r ron,rauuuHHAa; e3 uaKHpAJlapHHs
    My-
    hasrpe oxyjan MaKrrcrp ea c.), ha6e,ra Myxra,rfiO xani Ha.o,,r,rapu
    Ba paBajer,'Iapu re3-re3 ajaHr.rrlrK rocBr.rpr yrtyH cyxer porry ojuajsrp.
    479.
    I- harung cu.txnn Saunean cyporAa qapecH3 ranAbrFHHbr K6crap-
    P_Y.HIo
    r-
    uuuaHp.
    F:
    HacpHH HHKHluaObrH/ra raplryuejr.han
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    nap) , Tapwx (canHaManap), a aaKrHKa nasvya,ry' acap;rap Odlyx itri-
    M ujjar Koc6 eA[p.
    j u rr rHur a Qn 6 ypxep,rap u x ( o pra ruah ap;r
    rapflH, i1l, l" "trrlypygyg
    H,,rrl.rMax iMaHTHK
    - ^ ^S..lh:l__:l:9.1
    n_
    Laha la apr.aHFbrHbr
    .aaaOlrjl Kocrapxp_
    I ga. IIIahap noesrjacarura, apilrnHaa aa urahap arux"r, oy
    KenM,r r jeHr.r xaHpLrHra-MeHcyp Hoae.ruia.rapaa rua_
    f-u_rgl:-y:jarm
    napnHnapa Maluer [rynptlKrHjrr, ra',rpy6H aappaxa, hajarceBapnr{K Kr.tMH
    xycycujjar.aap ar.ra ear{nHp. Bypxepiap aei,rarrH ,iaiaru rnun sa-
    AaxaHJ'rapa aa pyharalapa rapuur rojy.ryp. XIV acfiuu axa 6ejyr
    QpaHcbr3 uraBpm_,t H
    ILlaprjeHHH (1385-rarp. - Elrqq ,Ilyuren {raip. 1346_1406) sa AniH
    t435) japanbrqbrJ,rbrraapbr 6y ircjaaapna
    OH,rap Jysr,r,ri.rri u yha pu6a:a ' uar.ny6 o.rayraapu
    3gy-r11*1ut1"p,_
    ytryH QpaHcH3 Q€oaaJrapHHbr xacxyH arruhay e.u.llp. xpa.n uyrua_
    BnpJreplrHa aa p1,haHa.repu xy.nyl: heaaQrua uesupapiap. ^ Eyp*"pra_
    . jyxapbr nahparepr.rHax uaxaeejunu uQaa5 ea'ax E.'flyuen
    ?1ar""1?j.
    Ba A. Irapr1e, ejHx 3aMaHna xa,rrsl rujau,rap eruaxaa xyxah.laruu-
    pbrpnap.
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    Huxu,ruc rrleQQpu gocep (rerp. 1340-t400) XIV acpan 6ejyx
    I
    L.
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    Hranjau OjaHuun.Haeja.napuHuu myajjeu ra'cnpuu" ai,r'pyr'.rr-
    I
    I
    . MHuraH. oHyH eH jaxurbr scap onaH {KeHTep6ept heraja.rapx> uH-
    xHJ,rHc xalt .&t,tHHAa ja3brnMblur MeH3yM HoBeraanap ro[.tycy H.tx.
    haM Ma3MyH, har'a ae Qopua e'ru6apx,ra lepllH MHJrnl{ xapaKrep Ia-
    uujan 6y. xose,r;ra.nap tlocep perpy HHxuirrapecxHHH rrapnar MeH_
    3apacHH-H japagup. Opra acp au'axa,rapnla .rassrl,ruHqa iujvar,rau_
    I .[upaH l]oj:ep, 6a'saH es AoBpyHyH Itloghyuaruuaas .(a xr{rac o"{a
    6uaurp.,rlaxu H onyu japaqurru;rurr,rH4a 6aru,runra jepu Hnx6rulHx,
    a3a.[QHKHpnHr'l l.t r(, harHrarHH peaJr TacBr.tpfl, pyhaHu,rapnu auxes,ryjy
    aa Qeoaa.r,rapux JloBFaJ'rbrFbrHa pnrxxeHA onyHMacH r!.fryp. Uoi6p
    noesrjacu opra acp urahep ua4eHrjjara xuiuruaQuHsiu'jyxcer cj_
    BnJJaaa oJrryFyHy axc eraupxpalr. Ouy uuxN.rrr.rc hyuaansuuunx ca-
    naQnepflH,[aH 6wpt heca6 erMaK onap.
    iiesa.n Qpancus ruarpa <Dpaucya BHjoH (1431_rarp.
    ,,"IJ
    l+ory _"_"t-rll
    noe3n1acrrHbIH acachrH.[a xa.lr japa4uuarabrFbr Aypyp. O d3
    'a-apr.ru
    ue'pnapr.rHAa jaua4_slrsr waunjjaraaxu cHrQr.r sB-AAiliierrapH
    eKc err[pMxrrr][p. Carupxr rne'p;reprule haxuv criuQux ,y"i1ari"-
    napuH , pahlr6napn Be BapJrH uahapru,napx are canaH nirloi
    cyJrnapa par6ar 6acnajnp. BHjoH japagsr,{HnbrFbrHAa rapxa_aynjaiu_ lox_
    Fa rapubr jeus,ruurn Morr.rBr,rap. oHju 6y aynja cesunu'.nepunr.r 'aacr[
    erMecu
    I - 6-yryu 6yu.nap opra ocp 4yujan6lyruyae uelgln oxyuar
    Ba oxyH nsrnpa6.irapuri'a"ir" vdf,r" *""r"p-
    l.^y.?*JII:,.I1..Ha
    I .y.T,I llJory epaHcara OjaHHUHH ca.naQ.rapunaeu 6upH xuuu ca-
    qHJJenaHA[pvaK
    I rrMKaHhr BepHp.
    Xa.rr ueuuajn XIV-XV 5cp.lepu-n uahap rearp caHerHHAa
    o3y_
    napnar 6ypyse aepar.. Xa,rr xapuaaa,i ojyHrapH eca_
    :.Y._IY.{:1.r,
    cbrHAa Mel,u,aHa KenMHuI Me3aJrr{ cahxaurraap _ qpaicus.6apcaa_
    482

    -!5ii,ry6ar+.!!-
    pbr Bo arMaH <Qacrxaxrunu.n,rapn> nehs 6y sauax KeHHur jajunAH.
    Ey cehaa'rux,rapAa ruahap.nu,rapuH MaEUJaTH pearHcrqacuHa racBrp
    oJyHyp, rrt{rxMat-r ea cujacu rpo6neMrape roxyHy,ryp. XV acpaa @pau-
    ca,ua <I{aHa6 lljep fIare,rau> Me3haKecn vox uaurhyp H.u,n. 5y Mag-
    harale uahxeua ua':rayp.napunun a',rx63ryjy, utopsQcfi3nr.rju Be cy-
    pyHAypMaqur,ruj r HQua o,'ryHypAy.
    H6aaar ,lpalr,rapbrHa xerAlKua 4aha uox IyHjeBH yHcyplap Aa-
    xHJr onyp. IIIahap ralraua,rapHHa KXnceHHH ra'cHpn sa Ha3aparu
    3enQnajHp. Tearpaaur.a,upu.ar',rnm 6ejyx ravarl.ta.[ap ura6uh.nap
    KocreplrnMacu pyhaHunaprn anHHAeH caHcrKap Ba raqlp - 6rrpnuKra-
    pxnuu (cex.napuHllH) arnHa revup. En6nrlja MoB3y.,rapbrHAa oJ,rnaJra-
    purla 6axuajapar ua6flhrep axrya.rr cauljja AaubrjHp, Mashara se
    MaHUar yHcypnepaua 1a ahara eArip,nu,,rap; cupQ lyujasx MoB3ynap-
    .4a 4a ua6nh.nap [ejAa o.ryply Krl, 6yHrap pea,r hajar ha4ucalapx-
    Ha hacp o,rynyplyaap.
    XIV-XV acp.lap lrahap Me.[aufljjarxH,u,a uxu orapajaw Laha aj-
    .qhrH He3ape qapnHp: narpficu,rapxH jlxapu .[aupeflapHHxH ua4auuj-
    jaru cyp'aua AyHjaBH QeoAan MaAoHr.rjjarfl u,ra jaxuu.raurup; AeMox.
    parxx ra6aralapHr na4annjjerH Hca KeHA,'rH Ma.IaHHjjern HJta cHx
    raMacAa unxHruaQ e1up. havxx r,l alrauujjarnapnr rapruar,rur.llr ra'- I
    cfi pu raprrErnbrrJrbr cypeT.{o 6wp-6upuuu 3eHxcHHJrauar..rpHp.
    l(EEIJtX
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    ,firii""". 6Hjjaru. eH eBBaJr, xanr MahHHraphrHAaH ( Ma-
    ha66cr uahsuaapbr, enoc uahHu.lapu, cyQpa
    uahHu,rapu, naxurar uahuu,rapn) x6apm HAH. y3yH 4eip epauu4a
    urt!ahu an'euaaepao jauajaH 6y uahasr,rap uHgu jasuja aJrbrnbrp.
    Kau4.la.napun cunQr.r lry6apxaacu, vyhapr6S Ba .(aiHHrbr,u,eBpyHAa
    xarruu 6aunsa xaJ'reH- rrycu6a-r{ap OpaHca,(a uahnu xu"rrej.nap-
    ,qa (KoMnJ'reHrJrapAa), ha6ene XIV acp4aH 6auaajapar- Aaponauun
    6up .rox enxectuAa Mej,[aHa xalas 6aa.laAa.lapAa e3 aKcHHr.r ratrAbr.
    klluxv;tlc xaJrrbrHr,rH ceBH\{JIr{ rahpavaHu raqar Po6an
    lyaa hacp oJtyHMyrx 6annaaaaap cu,,rcl,{acn - otp:aHaalt
    (XV acpaau 6a:ul.;lraja-
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    recu u,'re yeua4a jauajaH asaA oxqy (oxarax), QeoAarrapuH Bo
    Kpan Ma'Mypnapuuun ea6aurusaJrbrFHHa rapuH joxcy.lJapbrH MyAa-
    Quaurcx KrrMH. TacBHp oayuyp. Po6un lya cypartnra xanrHH a3aa-
    naur6aajx 6apaAe apsy.rapu exc
    J'Ibtr, uHcaH ,'laj arerI.r, caAo HHcaHr,lH
    oJryHMyu/lyp. Kenaru.nap HcapHcr.rHAaH qbrxMbrrrr 6a',sx jasuvu.napun
    japa4uuu,ruruHga, xr.nca-Seo4an aH'aHaJrapHHHH eKcHHe orapar,
    KaH,[n[r aMaj[ ltlxrHMa hajarriu ecacu xnrlrn eacQ oayuyp. Aprnr
    XIII acpuH coHyH,[a EaF6aH BepHepun jasaurrr HJIK ar'rMaH KeHAJrx
    IroeMacEIH,[a <KeH,n,,lu he,rrrr6pexr> noeMacbrHra HaMycny eMeKCe-
    Bap KaHArrH -ryrayp qaHr'(aBepe fapuH rojynyp. xlv acp lrHKHnHc
    ruar.rpr.r Jleurrexguu (rerp. 1332-rerp. 1377) <Vu.njalrun ltlyr-
    Yiuj ar',r
    vy fljorp 6apa.qa xaja.,lr,r> aAnEI aJrneropnja [oeMacbr Aaha HQaAanH
    cuuQn cavrjja laurujup.uu. floeua raHlanaapa par6ar hnccu u.ra
    aubrnaHMEuxabrp. Mye,raurlun Quxpnrrua KaH.u,nunap 6yryn qe- l
    Ml.rjjarnapun caFJraM acacbtHbr rauKun ernpnap. oeuaaa xasAax- rl
    HrrH QH3IIKH eMAjH rrHcaHnapbI KaMI-lJr,'tAlUIlrpOH, OHJIapa axHpAT I

    3le 483 -*t


    +i
    -;+1
    : .'- - -.f iagffE"r;;

    Aynjacunaa ryprynyu 6axut eralr 6aunu,la oacara xrnn rajuar_


    ,aH.u,[pt-IJt-tp ra 6ap ues r{Aea,'r KI{MH pyhaHr.UrepHH, uahxalra haxxu_
    JrapxnnH, Bepxn jbrFaH Ma'MypnapHH, capcar xpi.n Myua BHpaJreprrHHH
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    ycJaHbrHbrH HtxrapaxqHnapbr a pacHHAa qox j a j H,t MH unbr.

    T.cBrDf, c.Eer. XIV-XV acpnapAa Aapona erxa,rapxtrxn qoxy_


    ' HyH Me MapJrHFriHAaror ycny6yHyH hoxupax,ru_
    rH AaBaM erMaKIa KAH. JIaKHH 6y ycny6 raxMurnau-ruuu rpopr,aa4a
    <uo'nalosas> ror yc,ry6y Qopr,,laiunaa hexupanaur eaHiail. 6e-
    -jyx- oxuap.ruru una Qepr,rauau 6y yc,ry6yu, 6ynyH.na 6eaa, uyxra-
    JIrS_onKanapae es xycyctjjar"rapr BapAbr. K.naccui ror yc;ry6y e.nxa-
    ctr.@pauca u4n. TxxrnruatH rypy,ryurua garrrr.lnjt, 6asax oesxux-
    Jrtt1u,, paBr(JrH trryrre Haxbur]r'r apbrnbrH [apJrarJrhrFbr, MyraHacfl6rHK Ba
    urc6ar ahasrx QpaHcbr3 ror yc,ry6yxyu ecac xycyinjjar.lapu 6yn-
    JIapabrp. A,luas- ror yc,'ry6y yqyH THKTHTHHHH, xycycaH Hegapa qap-
    nalrar Aapoqraaa xoja yua,ruacu Ba 3aHK[H sahtpr.r 6asajHn o,,lMaMacbr
    ceqHjjeBfiaxp; hejra.n.nap, acaccu, 6xuausru uvnnla o.nyp Ba ra6a
    peaJrn3MJre Mncrnxa r{orxryHr'ryryHyH (cyQu uyrua xa,ruacauaH) uya-
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    co.napu.6ejyx Ba xeHlrtlr onMaJ'rapH xaa Qspr,renup4n. 6y xnaca-
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    uapnbrr Aa xHxuruaQ e1np.qt.
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    Tbrp. OpaHcbr3 xpar'rr a pbrHhlH, 6ypryul hepcor,ra psr u rr H ci jra jaapsrH-
    Aa qox reruaHx aflja3Marapbr japalunup4sr. By a.njaslra.napnua Aa-
    porraHbrH hap jepruaaa xaJ'rMrru paccaMJ'rap 6e:ax nypypay.t-ap. Mnr-
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    I
    pll napnar Ha3apa qaprIbrp, Mr].[nI-I paccaM,'rbrr lraxra6,rapa eoprua_
    : ,aurMaFa 6aur,raj up.lu.
    i

    <Deoaa.[ sn ,laur.rjjaru r.lc MaaaHnjjerHH uHxuuaQu :u,q4ajjar,rn


    xapaKrep aauujup, o aeBp.le Qeo.u,aa-ruaca Ayujaxepyury ee oHy
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    cbrHra, coHpaJrap fica oHyH,'ra 6rp,ruxaa, hauqrurrl urahap uaaarr-lj_
    I jaru apacuxaa xelau uaeja u1'6aprsacnnu axc eraupapaN. JlaxtH
    uahep, xanr, rflcMaH aa AyHjaat ucuxaaap eaa6rjjarunuH r.rHKl.rua-
    Qu, aprur XI-Xlll acpJrap^(a, uauujjarzi ua'naon halaruH^qa x;r-
    cenuH xuhncapuuu janaur-jaaau captuaupau. XIV-XV acpnepaa
    naha ruahap.napuH Ma'HaBH hajarslnla OjaHnru (Vml6ah) r,l6aariuj-
    JoTHHHH aJpbr-ajpH yHcyp,repH Aot yJ,ryp.

    484

    biE*, . j. -.-,+ -.--.


    EE-:- +E-?r'r- --'

    2l-ynQecH,
    EU3AHC meAeHr{JJeTu ( tv_xv ecpnep)

    BxgaHc HMflepxjacbr 6yryn epxax opra acpJrap 6ojyuva nap.lan


    _
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    Hnl1araa e,rJliHlt3M ra
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    485
    i

    cfln _japaIHqHJHEbr uaaexujjarNurx paHKapaHx Ba rrapnar


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    486
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    488

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    493
    - ..-

    3apa lapnMaFa 6aru;ra-Au. Epxau hyuaunsu IoBpyHAe uca eap.ujjar-


    -+t-
    ur.raxjuu uyraparra uahar,rapu oH nraHa vuxupau.
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    I(ounac, uorpatpuja xapura,rapx, hep haucn jepux es Aaupacruu
    I Mop&c K- u Sueetoc O., Coq., T 4 crp. 427.
    498
    :::l
    -!:+--

    MyajjaHrrauaHpMaK YrIYH cHha3napaaH f,caHoa,u,e-o-nyHuacH atlhlr ae-


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    ir"rra "ih"annaa aa heta6.lana [pHHcHnIr rar6tlr olyuvara 6aru-
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    499
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    hapaxarcu: aypMacHHa, ouyu Kaunarsltt MapKe3Ir o.nuacuua ury6ha
    cArpal. PHja3ujjarvu JIyxa floqqo.nx (1445-t514) prjasujjarla
    <hap ueie rar6xr oryua 6laau yuyl,tx rauyuayjrynayr> KopypaY.
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    ,ranu) arulurz xaurtp erl,recu (rarp. la45) uox 6ojyx po.r ojualu. Ku'
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    I ltoprc K. u Sueetoc @., Coq., r. 20, c. 346
    ' Jene opa.4a, r. 22, c'tp. 382
    500

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    yc.tty6y japaruuuauo.
    - Ojauuu-r O sauax hra,rujala Ker'IalleK ulr.nnarns 6e':r
    lvlr,x6iprxx yHcypnapfi japaHMaFa 6au:"rauuur4rr; yuyrru
    IIrvvov.
    aH,'r reuaKKYn e,u'llp. MYsJlaH MeAaHHJler YMy-
    504
    #
    t&a.=
    It
    1l
    -\1
    ruyy- i
    Mr.r,,rnju MejaaHa KaJ'Ixp, 6yHJlapna 6:apn:rxla llca MHJIJ'II{ 6up,T nx
    py ojaHbrpabl. Ja4eran MYAaxHnaJIaplI, o.[KaHHH cHJacI'I aaFbIHbIrJIblFbI
    liralvia aoBnarnapr{ apacuu4a oaaBor Ba 6yuyu Aoryplyny jep,rn ,- l:
    saraHn-€psapaux XIV-XV ocpHH eBBanJlepHl'qa 6up vox hyuanlcuap
    yuyu Hralujauun 6np.nrlju npo6,renrunu raptrrblcblHa ca,l qaKI'IpaH'
    jlaxuu Oy n,qeja, aprblr, oJIKaHH eJIAaH ca.nas 6eA6axr.nuxnapaaH ryp-
    "auqir
    rvavur ioavsv cniacr qaherAan 6up,raurruaxaa KepaH la6arllEl.ll
    ,ini.,ri, hr*r* oryPay. foanM qarnapaa Hraaljaustu 6ojyxayjy
    raPubl
    harruHaa xarHpa,'IeP ofyu OjansrLu aoBPYH.[.aKH a'Iu3nxjHHa
    e'rapas huccunlr ryaaaraauAtlptlpru. 9stxuu joly Aaponannn 6arura
    6ojyx erxa;lapltnAaKll MYrfiar[jjarraP xlt MI.l rYBBarrn MaPKa3rIe MIIII
    hai<iunj jar lipa,quJlMac;IH4a KopY,rYpaY. .II.arte, a6ac jepa, e'rrauuu
    Myraaa'ac Pblia r.runepnjacuulttl tzuneparop'r a psl rapaQauaeH, xYcy-
    .r1,, Vtt heuprx rep'erpuuaex 6u p,raui.qx p t'l neua jx-H n xos'najupatli
    erMax
    o,
    l{cra-
    aJlMaHJIapHH htamtiaia reurrltlu hyvyu''tapblHbI 6epna
    inoarl. fieroaoxa aa o,lxanuH 6 p,lellAxpflnMecH ap3ycyHAa ttatl'
    ,lIir- tsr"iai ,ruar xaiaa utu. ]ara,,nialarapublcHHra enxaHa 6lp'raur4rp tra'ie
    ra6u,r oaas rvBBa,lao iox uat't. O.rxaurH hans oHyH
    cuiacl,t ,{aharaaH aaFbrHblr halaa ralaqarsr 6I{p Heqa acp rypypAy'
    flerpapxa ne Eoxxauvon,vu gaMaltr'IH-lari hyva-
    hyMarx3M Maapn$x nrioi irupr6, 6yryu Hr.t.rttir.tl- cr"p':,r,trr i:-
    "1 9nf1 .
    Mepre3napx' iuauapa 6ruiruai'. @aopeuclja' Pt)"ra' Ilear('r'
    iie'".ria, Mxnauna hyr'laHucrlapuu ;sLrHaI(Jl')-
    pu MejaaHa Kana[. Ey 6axulrrlas <D,lopeucr.rja xYcycfina ceqnnllpalt'
    Sha,ruiun xeHIrIrI I(YTJIaJlapnHxn par6arrHN ra3a-HMaFa na r'aaultyp-
    ,ut""tt qaJlIJIrIaH olopencuja haxuu'napu - Me'llul'rap urahapu
    y'tyx vox
    ieHH gesrra lt KltJlMltlr KI'r,lcaJIsp ae 6uuanapla 6asauax
    '6sivx sacaut xepuaajnp, 6ojyx r"ra6.nana Haal'Ip a.ltja3H''IaPbl aJIH-p -l
    06111x *nii6*arullY3r,'laH paHJ'Iap <Eojyx> 'rara6x l
    '"{bperco Melirqnsxu haxauwjjara Aaha qox ,ue6le6arti
    "r'rir'.rpiirlp"iH'aa sa
    uar'l"ut
    ;;;;;p".r" o.IIMacbl I.IJIe Qapr.naHrpiir. o es capaisrHa hyuarncr
    ruurp.i"p, ja3blqbuap, paccar''rlap, r',le'ruap,rap. a'lHMnap, Sunocot['rap .l
    qaa6 eruu ruar.
    hyuauucr.rap 6np Hoe ruapaQarax c[nKs qeBplulMllurrn,rrl. H ra- .

    .rujaauH acLt.llsiaa HacH,'InapH Ba xr,Ipaa haxuu.rapu. oH,'lapbI KaHc- I

    neb. xatu6. ,u,HItJloMarIrK e,rqu Bo c. cfiQeru una es jau.napuua xnrr' 1

    ,"ir.["'r", eaup, 6xp-6 pIrHI'IH aJ'IliHAaH anblpar{Jlap XIV scpun cou-


    (o'ryuuo-
    rlapbrHbrH an xopxar'a.,rn aH[noMar,'IapbIHAaH 6Hpn hyuauncr
    Caiivrarrl uaH. hasHD,{asa6 ga aqsrr.x,'I iasu'tst o,rau o. e:yHyn clla-
    Cu oarn6ana rvBBar.rut :ap6a aypa 6v apftt. Caajyraruxuu a.a,a6r
    hy,ryr,aaap.na ra'rx6 erAtjl Mu.lan hepcory ouyn 6apacuHAa aeulur-
    qox 33pap Byp-
    ari:'nCa,'iiyraru lt"ua uuu uoQap uarxasapaan aaha
    iy*ayp rl'hyl,la urcr arja.lsr.nap-esJlspll aa 03 poJ'IrapbIHbI 6afia !-
    <Eejyx capxapasrlepuH aarapbl i
    uypajr,,rap. Eaxxaq.Io lejxpatl:
    vsi.iafu uehpauleHAxpM I'Ip, aKclrHe, Kpa,'IrapblH aanapbl aF'
    3r,rqH,rapHH ca jecnnna HecI{JIAaH-HecJIs Keq[p>'
    EpKefloialH I(n,rca-Qeona'nrapl.lxlxYHacrblFuI-,'
    .[eBpyl|[e ,4a nraljau hyr'.ranucr.napuunu '
    raprxuYtlacnHr. Hpo,l je AoFpy 6lp a.4.quu '
    pllxqHnep <Hrahu MyaaxHne>HH, Kyja aJ'rJrah BO
    oB,'rr.rjarap rapaor.rHAeH ropa,4a.]lMHlrr Mo'qy3aJ'rap harruHAa hexajar_
    JIapH rap[xl.IH IsahbIHAaH, acJrrrHAe, xauap erAr.r,rap. Eyvyn,ra 6e,ra,
    hyuanacrlap rapnxu uau6alepa, -xycyclr,ra xu,rca- uan6a,rapaua,4a
    Kop-KopaHa [HaHMHp, oHJrapHH e'rn6aplu.llur A€paqocrrHH uyajjau
    eruaje va.ruurrpgulap. Ey 4onp4a uau6a.lapxH raqrulu cahacsnaa
    as xejnl-t yFypJ,rap ra3aHbrJruu.urgu. hyuauucr ,rlopeHco Ba,r,ra (1407-
    1457) 6ay:auua o,rapar Qu.lo;roxrl raHrnA VcyJ,rJ,ra pbruran ncrzea4a
    elapax, VIII ecplH ueuhyp caxra coHeIH o,rau <Kopcraurnn '6ex-
    trulrt,l>HHH caxraJrbrFbtrHbr cy6yr er4r,r; ra[anap o3,'rapriHnn AyH jaBr.t
    haruur j jer I-IA,AuanapbrHAa 6y (ceHaAe> ecacr'ra HHpAbrJra p.
    hyMaHI.Icr raplrxqlinep, u.lr AaQa onapar, yMyMAyHja rapuxnHxH
    jeau .qoap;rauranpunMocHHt.t [paJrr{ cypAyJrap. Ey aosp,reu,a,npMa coH-
    panap rapnxrrH raruM, opra acpJrap Ba jenu 4enpaapa 6e.nyHuacruuu
    acacbrH,4a Aypay. oHrapaa anrar aoBpyH coHyHAa Por',ra uuneprzja-
    cHHTJH cyryry harrunAa Ba opra acpnop 6apaae rurca-QeoAan ra-
    p[xrxyuacJrtrFbrHa ja,q o,rau raceBByp Mej.{aHa Ko"'rMriu]4rl; hyr',lauacr-
    TapIIXqIlJlep opTa 3cp,,repu aHT[r AoBp.(3Kr.l qHq3K,'rsHMaaaH coHpa Ma-
    gauujjeran cyryry Hna calrujja.reueu xycyc'{ 6rp AeBp KHMr{ rHjMcr-
    JaHAupHpA[rnap. Oe uar;rapuusl oH,rap jerrr Nr;IaHu jYKcarrru AsepY
    heca6 eallpar.nap. YruyuAynja rap[xuHuH 6y uyp aeepranallptrJlMa-
    cI-rHAe AoFyn!raraa o.rau 6ypxyael-rjaHbrH 6yroBryKAs QeoaarllsM aoB-
    p\rHa o,,raH ruaHQu uynacn6err.r osyHy KocrapaH.

    Eptau 6ypxya MeAaHHjjerH Ojanslu MaAaHxjjarx, n,,rx ae$a


    - r.rqepunepHH4e
    o,'rapar, 0eoAanIr3M OopMaclrj acbIHblH jeur, 6ypxya ry-
    PynyuyHyH hauu4au aBBaJr MejAaHa xa.n4uju Hralr.rjaAa rarxeKKyJt
    eA[p. Ey ua4auujjet XV acpun oBBaJr,rapfiHAaH 6aru,rajapar lap6x
    AaponauuH 6aura o"rxaaapuHfiH MaAoHI.I hejaruua ra'cnp Kocrap4u;
    harrauu o;lraaepAa ruahap.naprH nnxauaQn, uahap"rapun jyxapsr 4an-
    paJrap HuH (6au,ruua oJrapar raqupJrepnu) alnuaa 6ojyx sacanr
    rorrJraHMacr,r jaxbrn Karal{eKAa epKeH 6ypxya ua4auujjern Be hyMa-
    uasrrr yujaxopyrxyHyH MejAaHa KaJ'lMacH yqyH 3aMuH hasup.lajuplu.
    I
    ueiraap lap6u AaponauuH 6a ra or'r KaJ'ropriHAa raM
    Jlaxnu 6y ieun rueiraap
    JlaKnr
    ITIaKHJIAa, mafi3y:n-tpttn,u,eH actrJrbr oJrMa.[aH jarHue XVI acpaa
    tI-ITaJrrcr MyHacil6arnepH Te[aKKYJIa 6alxna-

    rO

    ! !- .6
    ,^{ioB
    utr',
    '>a 9-a <at.
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    ' i/X
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    ^
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    XPOHOJIOKI,IJA

    lV acpEE coHy
    - VI ecp - 6ap6ap rajoarapuHHH
    ,apuH 6ej}1r Kocyr.
    xlr,rert hopaxaru
    - <Xaar-

    375 hyxaapux ocrror rajoa 6spnxjl,IHrI AarHrMacH.


    378 ArpfialofloJl 4ejyuy, Bectror,rapHH PoMa opry-
    - cyHa raru6 xanMecfi.
    395 Poxa uxnepxjacuuua fap6u ea lllepru Pona ru-
    - IIepxJanapHHa napiIaJraHuacH.
    V acpur 6auaaururu
    - lllsuary A0pxxaaa rarox crBKnapr hepaxarbr.
    V acpnE 6npnHqI,I japhrcbr
    - farJrxjara 6arayAnap ycjafihr.
    4r0 Aaaapgxun 6aurqarnHFbr h"'Ia BecraorJapHH PoMa-
    - Hlr TyT[acH.
    418
    - VIll ecp H eBDerIr fep6l Poua flxflepBjacEa opa3flcnure Becrorm
    - !EBIETE.
    429-534 llluraax AQpxkaaa Bat,[an t<pannHFH.
    449 - Auracaxc,rapwx Bprraxujausru [uFa,rHfla 6auIJIa-
    - AJIADU.
    hyn,ripuu Mayprar (Kara,rayH qeny) iaxuunurun
    451 - Ia yaFny6 orMacha.
    Poxaru aaruruacu.
    {55.
    V ecprn optaaapu - Baraaaaapus
    Earayaaa'p hapeKaruHErH llcnaHxjaja jaiHnracv.
    457
    -Ilajraxru JlIon oaan Eypryua xpannbrruHHH jaPaH-
    Macu.
    476 fep6H PoMa nMnepHjacDIHElH cYtyry.
    48r-51I - iDpaHKnapErH 6auqncH Bo RpanEr xno,4B r.
    493-555 -- Atanaiar.a Octror xpa'r,:uru.
    VI acpru aeraar <Ca,rrrlt raHyIIJrapH>
    - nyarje AojyuY, OpaflMapblH AkBlraHrjaHH ryr-
    l

    507
    - uacu. i
    527-565 Eutaucaa xMnepalop Jycr HsaHEIH haxt{MBjjarr. 1

    532 - Koucraurnuonoaaa <Hnxa, fcjanu.


    535-555 - Ersrucun ocrror,lapna MYhapfl6acl Ba Ocrrot-
    - XDAIILIFhIghTH IIIIFATH.
    568 Jiauro6apa,rapu H Ll:,a'r.niaia coxynMaFa 6aulraxa
    - cH.
    CnaBjaunapHH 6aaxau japuua.4acbllraa ecKyfl-
    VI acpHf, coHy
    - VII ocp - IAIIIMAChI.
    VII ocpllE 70-ux ua,repu Erptaur EoaraPucrau raP.luru.
    I0l8
    -
    -7|-714 aDe6naoxH Hcnanriauu rytuacur.
    t5-741 - ,irp"n*' aesraruxuir MajopaoMy Kapa Maprcal.
    7
    718
    - L'ltnauljaaa Acryplja xpalaurunElH jaPaErach''
    726-813 - EH3aHc,[a tr(oHa aneih,{aprapH haPaKarH'
    732
    - Ilyarje .u,ojyruy. Opar*aapHE ape6nap Y3ep rtra
    - rana6act,
    75t Ke,uex fltnnulu Qpaur KpanH e'naH onyHMacH'
    756 - flana aeanaruxt,IH jaPalrMacH.
    76E-814 - Eeiyx Kap,'rutt haKtrMniiars
    772-&4 - sdlvx Ka'oaus caxcnanna uYhrpr6acs
    774
    - 6oiyx Kiprus Jlalro6ap,u- xpannHrHIItI lyrMac[r.
    800
    - Eejyx Kap.nun lMneparop e',Iafl onyHMacH'
    814-840 - .Ilyaoetxru haKIrMfl jjarx.
    -
    507.:
    I ''!dd-.".
    t,
    t \--\\
    ,
    820-823 Oo a CraBjaH !.cjaHH.
    ' 829 - Engaucta
    AHrJlca,Kc r(pann6rrrapHHrrH HHxtl.trapa xpann!r-
    - FHH,Aa OHpTIaIIMaCH.
    . r-842
    , 84
    843 - Caxconrjaaa Crea,tunr r cianu
    Bepaen MyraBr.rJroor. Eojyx Kapn HMnep jacHuLut
    -napqa,raHMacH.
    . 85s
    "rlorap loo,raTlln H larbrrMacu. Hra,lhja,
    - Ba,rlorapllHKuja nposaHc
    I{parrhlrnaphlHhrH japatuacu.
    IX ecplH coHy-X ecpH tlexflja ,[oBnorxHuH japaHMacb|.
    6atxnaHFLr,,rLr -
    9t9-936 A,ruaxnja xpa,ru I heupux.
    919- 1024 - AnMaHHlaIa
    - A-lMaHujaAa LaxcoHltja cyna.rocll.

    .
    936-973 - Jlex qaJH I OTroHylr haklyBjjeflr.
    955 lrapHHna tejlur. A,lMaH Br qlx rou.lyH-
    - napHHHH MaqapnapH vaF,ry6 erMecH.
    960
    - Iloaula ,[oBrsrlrHl.tH japaHlrachr
    962
    - ArMaH KpanH I_Orrouyu Pouala runeparop e'aau
    onyHMacH Ba PoMa xMneptrjacu aArbt trosnarlE
    JapaHMacH.
    976-1025 EH3aHc nMneparopy-(Eo.'l-ap Aejyuqycy)
    . - cIJ|lt. II Ba-
    - 987-t328 (Dp.iHcatra Kaner HrnoD c\.,1a,licx.
    - MaqapucraHAa Apnaaiap cr.ra,rarr.
    '. 997-130
    rerpn6aH
    t
    1000
    - Ma,{apucraH KpannHrhl|lH H iaDaHvacH
    -
    t0 t6- t035 - f.lHxxnropa, [aHlMapKa aJ ilopae,r xpanu Knyr.
    - DOnraphtcTaHhIH
    l0t8 Dl,3aHCht TvIMacEI.
    - AnMaHfljala <Dpauxotnja
    to24-l l2l c1:,raaacn.
    - HopMaHnap6rH llely6n Hran[ja
    1030- t09l - MACE, so C[,.rr,lntljaHbr ryr_
    ' 1033 (Apeaar) xpalasrruHHH AnMaHHjaja
    - oxpnaunxpHnMecx.
    -Bypryuauja
    1037
    t054 - Vcnauujaaa Kact[nHja KparrbrrbrHbrH japauuacr,i.
    Xpucruan xyacacrsr.rx iap6r-Pova-xaidnlx oe
    - lUaprr-jynax npaBoc,taB xir,rca,raptxa IapqanaH.
    MACEI.
    t056-t 106 runeparopy IV hcHpr.tx.
    t 066 - A,rruau
    facrr.rHrc Aojyuy. HopMaH.iapuu Huxr.r.nrapett ryr-
    - MACH.
    1066-1087 HHxunltc xparH urrfar.rht I Buaheau.
    t 070- 1075 - CaKcoHr.rja ycjaHH.
    1073-t085 - flana VII fparopu.
    1085 - HcnaH,lapErH To"reaouy xcpu a"ruacu.
    1086 alVlahuap xlra6ur
    1095 - 14uxuarepa4a
    K"repMoH Molr",rucn.
    1096-1270 - jypylr,repr-r
    1096 - Xav
    Kana,ru,rapru xaq jypyury.
    1096- t099 / - Oeorannaphrn 6HpHH,lI xa,{ j\p\u,ly.
    I122 - MYraBnneC.
    I I30 - DOpMC
    Haxy6r Vrantja ea C[qH.Irrja fiopMaH AoBnJr,la-
    - pHHLIH Bah[,tr Cr.ra.nrja rrpa.,r,ruruula 6apaeuruacu.
    I 137 -,KaranoHkia ee Aperolylr Aprrol xpannuFHHAa
    oHp,latuMecH,
    I t38- 1254
    . I t43- ll55 - Aanauujaaa hoheturayQeu,rap claaaecr.
    Bperuaau Annoayu 6aurvu,roiru [,1e PoMaaa nana
    - anejhnHo ycjaH. Pecny6,ruxa e',rau o,ryuuacH.
    1147 sa l160
    .ArMaH Qeorar,lapuHLrH o6oapar,repa rapuu xaq
    - JypluinepI|.
    I 152-l r90 I Opl,llpr.tx 6ap6apocca.
    I l5{- I 189 - A,rnan runeparopy
    (par6r II heHpux fl,rasraxeser
    r t54- 1399 - Vnxntruc nnaHTakeHer.lJp cynanacu
    I t67 - HHKrl,rrepe
    Vtafiija ruahapaepr,rloM6apfuja qaMIjjar[HxH
    - japaHMacbr.

    -*
    E>::""
    'e
    -/ 169-l l7l l4DnaHluiara uHxrJrrc rluta,lblHtlfl 6aunaHuacH'
    I
    lt74
    - Hipee,r.ui 6rpxe6ejHep,lap \cjaHtlHEIH 6au'raHxa'
    - chI. 'i
    I 176 fltlauo jaxErsnLIFHHAa ,[ojyu. I -Oprraprrx 6ap-
    - 6aooccatun rouryunapHHtlH Marny6 onMacH'
    I I80-1223 oriancst: xoaau ll Olnnfln Asrycl.
    I 183
    (on.r"r" ' cy,rhy. llJluaau l4raruja urahapaapu'
    - rrx eryuye.qapa hyryr.napunuu 6apnacu
    It87- 1396 H(Hrl,.rx 6o,rrapucrau'raP.luru
    I189-I l92l' - YqlnqY xaq iYPYuY.
    I 190
    - Eulariuu ie-itiljanun Mycrer 'ln jfltlx raHHMacht'
    - na[a
    I198-l2l6
    Terpr6eu-1200 - flapnclltytueepcuretflEuH
    Hxuoxesrl.
    airuJvacu'
    t202- t204 - ,uopayHqy xaq jypYuY.
    t204-.1261
    - llarun flMnept{jacH.
    t209 - llhuaal tDpanca Qeo,4aa,rapLJIlr,IH an6uroj'{ynaPa
    -.-
    raDulhr xaq i!D!urvHa 6arxnaMacH
    t2t2 Jia. Has"c'-i'oioia jaxutt-rurux:a leiIuI. Hc'
    - nrHHja xoar.'rbtr.tapHHbl H 6H p.'rJrx \t tl ur IIBBJ.IJpH_
    HHH ePa6.lap \',3apHH,la rana6ecH-
    t2t2-t250 II Oirapn'x Hoheurural'$ex, Cltqfinrja, A,1MaHxja
    1l2l6luu u.raer1 xpaau. iruan rvneiaropy ( 1200
    qE B,1AAH)
    t2l1 OpaflcEr3naphru .Ilapocx-o-Myarc Be EyBHH jaxhru-
    - ,rHFElHia HHxrrJrrcJ!+ Ea oHnapHH Mlrraoxrnepx T

    \'3eprH,la rana6ecll.
    l2r5 Eojyx a:a4.rur,rap napruiacbr.
    - MaqapHcraHAa <fusur 6y"r,ra>
    1226-t270 - cDpancus xpa,ru IX JIyaoBBr
    t237 TeBToE opAe h nra fu,run'raunap op,(eHnHnH 6np-
    - rau ac[,
    t25l (DpaHca,q,a <nacryllluapr xaHAnH
    l26r-1453 - Ex3aHcra naneonornap cynanecH. fcjaHH.
    1265 - HHx nropa nap,raMeHrrHHH lo'cuc onyHMacH.
    t263-1267 -
    1272-t307 - HHxtrnrapara soraH.tarll MIhaps6ectl.
    Hxxnanc xpa,ru I Eayap,u.
    1279 - HHKH.lrapora.MvuajHJr,{tt j\ 3,1\ x.lep t
    t282 - <Cn.r nl,tjagblH axuau q6aaerr, CHqHnfijara q)an'
    - cbr3 3YnMYHe rapui[J xarf rclaHH.
    I 285- l3l4 <Dpanctrs kpanbl IV Ke:en OHn nn.
    - llcaeupe urrr$arunHH japaHMacH
    t29 r
    TOHyHyH 6uPnsrrrMec .
    - \'q Mclxa KaII.
    l29l Axpanun crryry. CanB6qHnepHH lllaprAo axr,lpErH'
    - qH MYnX,repuHfl rTripMecl'i.
    1293 OnopeEcEjaAa oaa.131HH 6eprapap onMacbl.
    r 294-1303 - flana VIII DoHxoarcx.
    XIV acpxfi 6aur.r. - BanaxfijaaapyMEli rnjas,luruuuu japaHMacEl (r'lap
    -PoMHIiacx].
    1302 Kyirpc'aojluy o,rauaprja luahelnJpu rouyHyHyH
    - Qpinisrlianxaoaprap[ \3aPxHna rana6JcH.
    1302 OpaHcaaa Eau uirarnapuH la'csc onyHMacu.
    - Atannjata Aon,{rko \cjaHbI.
    1304-1307
    1309-1378 - lllflMarr.r
    nananaDoH AB HioH acaDarfi.
    l3r9 r363 - Hceeu, Aopaeu o,i O,ranrplla xpa,ru Macxyc Epurc'
    coH.
    t328-r589 l,hxa,ruc (panu III EaYaPr.
    1327-1377
    - OpaHcaaa Baaya cYaaaacr.
    t337-1453
    - o'pun"u- nre Hixt,'irapa aPacHHra JY3snnlK MYha-
    - Dn6e
    t342- 1349 becca,roHuia.qa (E[3aHc) 3[,ror,lap YcjaHH.
    1346
    -- Kpeor adjl ury Hxxualc.rrpflH QpaHcu3nap I]o'
    p HIA roJrs6octl.
    50g
    I
    i -.\
    I
    I
    1347 P-qI!A1 Kora ,(H PHeHcoHyH pah6aprEjH aJrrHEAa
    - y.c,JaH.. l,oMara pecny6nkRa e'aan oayuuacu.
    1347-t378
    - ,r,l lip1, anMaH rMneparopy ra qexrja rpaau
    ( l.r-{o-qu HnAaB)
    1347-1350
    - fap6 Agponara ifaoa 6nvM)
    t 348 [Ipara yHnBepcfi rerusin aquauicu.
    I 1349 - Ill Eayap.[HH <Qahaa raxynaepnsHrsjsHr.tfl, 6aur.
    - JIAMACH.
    1356 luneparopy- [V Kapnr.H .fbr3un 6ynnacH,
    1356 - ryl"al|
    tlyarje Aejyuy. OpaHcbr3 rol,lyHnapHHErH uHxx-
    - nflcJrapna BypyrrrMaAa MaF,ty6 onMachr.
    t356-1358 Erjeu Mapiearn 6aurquiuru anrtrHAa napficre
    - ycjaE
    1358 Opancaaa Xarepuja.
    1360 - llne HHxgnropa apacua,la Epeur cy,rhy
    - _Opagca
    oaF4aHMaCH.
    1367-t370 n,rr
    - !!1.*lil AaHr.iMapKa Myhapr6acr. lllrpar-
    3yHA cynhy.
    1378
    I
    - Karoatx l(H,rcecllHtro, <6ejyx reepuranuu> 6aruaau,
    MACEI.
    I 1378
    OnopeHcljara qoMrll,I lciaHH.
    1 1380 - Kno,{qra aejyruy. Beniciia aoHaHMacuHHH xeHyja-
    i - nbrrap ysapllHAe rare6ecfi,
    l38l I4uxrarepala yor Tajnep ycjaHlr.
    1382 - rraplcaa (MonoTcur YctaHU.
    1382-1384 - OpaHcaAa ryueHrop yciaHu,
    1382-1387 - III[uaJr{ VlTafiiiar,a ryxlnnap vcjaHu,
    1389 - Kocoso veayna5 aejyil. ryfxaifrn cep6.1apr rap-
    - MAIAFIIH .
    1393 'TMEC
    Typ(napnE Eoarapucrau THpHoBo qapnhrEHHN su-
    - FAJI CAMOCII.
    1397
    - .I,[cBe,r, HopBeq Bs ,u.auruaprauut KarMap ysn.
    4l0 lac!r
    r
    fpynaa,rl lojyury. no.'rjax, JItraa, pyc ra lel,
    - napns 6npneuMt,Iru rysBanepnHr.rq TeBToH opAefl{
    rouyHnapHHEr trapMa,(aFbrH eTMec[.
    l4 t3 IIapllcla (xa6ourjeHnopr ycjaHEr.
    l4ld-1418 - KoHcraHc Mo,snHcll.
    - JaH fycyH jaH,(upHnMacEI.
    l4l5 - Aeerxyp aejyruy. Huxuancaapxu OpaHcu3rap \'3a-
    - pfl Ie, rana6ac
    l4 t 9- 1434
    fycry uyhapr6aaepr.
    .

    1428-1429 - I4uxurrcaaprr Opaeauu uyhacrpajo aruacH.


    l43l - Xarsa acApxus Pyanaa jaH.4upunuacu.
    t43l -
    1434-1449 - Ba3er Maq,lltcl.t.
    Jhvan aojyurysaa ra6opqynapuH MaFny6 oJMacH.
    1434 - OnopeHcr.rjaaa Mean,ruuxu hoxupau,ruruuuu 6ap_
    - rapap onMacbr.
    t434 Ilceeqaa EHKer6pexr Enxea6 pextconyu pah6ep-
    - nljI{ anrhrH,(a ycjaHHH 6aruraHMacEI.
    1435 I,IcEecre plKcAarHH 6l|pnHqq caEEpHun.
    t437-1438 - TpaBcuBaHHja ee lllrraan-llJeprx MaqapHclaHAa
    - KaHInn ycjaBH.
    r439 npaBocraE Ba (arorsK Hr{r'rce,lapHHlrH o.lopeHcfija
    - rrru$aru.
    1442 Heanoa rrparrblFunhru Aparory ryruacu.
    1450 - ttler Kea ycjauu.
    1450- 145 | - Eaneap aAanapEHAa xaH,En[ VciaHEr.
    1453 - Typx,rapuu Koncrarunonoay iyruacu aa larur-
    - uacu, Bugasc xMleptIjacHH6rH cyrJrry.
    1455-1485
    An Be ar rEr3Hn xyn MyhapH6acx.
    510
    -

    &L*.= , -.
    E
    t458-1490 Ma,{ap xpanH Marjau 6yuja.0.x (MarDej KopBIrK)
    1460
    -- Kerayla-(Itlany6-fCp6n AnMaHHja) <Earuuar> 6aj'
    DAFH AITEIIItrA XAHINI| YCI'HH.
    t 46l bpaxcus Kpanu XI Jlyrosfl(.
    l46l -1483 - Huxuarapale Jopr cyaaaacu.
    - 1485
    1462-1472 - KaranoHliaaa xaHAns YciaHLl
    1466
    - Topyu cyahy. Teorou oprexnuuu noruraras
    - BaccarrhtFht ra6yn erMacll.
    t488 cl,InKu HYMajoHJlanHjHH aqIJnMacH.
    t477 - AaHnMap<a,(a
    HaHcH aoivurv. EypryxaaapHH var.r)^:ljjcr Ba
    - Io'{ar KadrHf ha,rir o.ruacu. XI JI1:oanrra
    ha6c6ypraip aPacHHAa 6yPryHA vYrrrnopkHl'tH 60-
    Jrvu-trvDvrllocll,
    t 479 Kipa Oeplnr,anr sa xpan H3a6enJtatHH hax'Iu[j'
    - i"ii '.\
    arrliaa Aparon'ea KacrunliaHHH Bahlnl
    HcnaHuia aegraraHAo 6fi DneulMacH-
    Xvar Carasur iah6apaujr 'ra Karanol -
    148.r-1486 - Ileirod
    ;al'a'xauain Ycjann. Hjpatq aaernap aa'Ialag ral-
    trAIADUH JIEFAB.
    III
    - G;.;"pt aiivry. h"npr* njYAopyu Prqapa
    1485
    v3epfiHAe rane6acr
    l49 t - Bocrauux (DDaHcaia 6 p'lautrnpsnvacH'
    ilT ytv Pexo*xscrasuu
    - l;;;;o;
    6aura
    1492
    qaTMacH. "t;p*lunnx
    1494 C"ronao-ano,r, ta'cttplaa Oaopeuctliara xanr KYT'
    - ,"r"pnir* ' Pecny6rixaHHH 6apflact,t
    't6lxuulu.
    '.-

    OAABllJJAT \..

    6yTyH OeHH y3pe ntaHBoJlAp Ba aAaE[JJAT

    i. MAPKCI,I3M-JI EHII HH3M 5AH llJAPI,l HIlH ECOPJIOPII


    I
    KoMMvHlrcr,,ecxon naprx,.
    f
    I
    , *.'a!,2:,1:.["X.':';:i: r9"yi;;ttbecr - K. Mapxc
    - 2.r.Maprc
    coq.,
    K. h gH?e,lbc O. Het
    3, c. 19-25, 4s-61, ,r-rilu*u'
    Hreo'rot"
    -
    (. Mapxc I <D. 3nrearc.

    q.
    3. Mdp\c K. Kan[ra,I. r III. r,n.47. _
    R. Mapxc u <D. g*eenbc. Coq., r.25,
    l. c 344_37q
    4 MopKc K 3KoHoMuqec&o.{bxn. )coocl(t{e pyfionucfi
    corr.. r. 42. c 80-8, - K Maprc u a. 3aee,toc.
    S MopKc K. <Doovu. nne r rrre,""6ypru e KanHTaJ,rricrlrrrecr(oMy ,,por3BoAcrBy.
    K. M^aprc A Q..Suzeioc. Coi., t. --"-"r \Pu'Jr
    16, ,r. t. c aOS -472. -
    vr,iniji!fif fr i$![Iill*t-'e BbIIItrcKrr'
    - Apxuo Maprca t 3nrearca, t. v,
    7. Sxzetoc @. flooucxoxresle ceM-br, qacrHofi co6crB€H,ocr[ r.
    K. MapKc Q. 3aeeioc. Coq.. r. 2t. c. 2S-8S, r3ij-iZSl'l"!'lrnv'l llr,u(r
    rocyaapcrBa._

    t <b. 3xeetoc. Coq., r. 21, ,06_4i6. -*'""


    ^."i:i!:;i:;8,,t"?ix*;*f
    cy.xapcrB. - K. Maprl
    ;Iw,i#;i,r*;,?",1*il#;,1,/#lu;".
    lO. Sxee.abc d. floaoxexle nrro,rero i,r"c;'B".,qr.rrr.'I K. Map,rc O. Afi-
    zetoc. Co,t., r. 2, c 243-245.
    11 B. H. lleauu neerar harruHra. Ocopaopr rau (ynnljjar'; q 39, c, 70_92.
    12. B. _h. Jleaufi.. Koscrr.rry^cxja xyrJU.taIE harrHHra. acJp,lrpHfiuH
    rxjiarH,,{. 34, c. 45-48. Tav RyJr-
    13. B-.H. Jlexuu. Pycujaaa xan ra.tlt.]\ltx fiHkrrura4rE. a,.eD.1rpuHfiH
    ,1 jjarH. ,r. 3, c. I95 t97. 212_213 raM riy.t-
    14. B- .Il. JleHuL._pyc Hr na6brHbln Kyqy Ba 3aHonnjfi Ocap,ropunrrn
    nHjjaru, q. 15, c 2 8-2St. rru rr1,n.
    lllaH6arop
    I5. Arprxv,rurvp6 B naMflrHllxa-x 3arra.rlHoroo cpenHeBe(oB6q. flol pea.
    .
    o. A. Eo6uau- poradccrsel&oi U. U. Evpc,<oio. -f93;f -""""
    i._n:
    cpe.lHeBekoBofi ,raraniioii ,rr"puryp, IV"_tX eexos. M.,
    19. l:::lllll cpe.rHeBeKoBoft ,larhHcxoi rlreparypH X_XII aexoe. M.,
    1970.
    ilId. l:.y.:ll-r*,
    LoUIiaIEHa, xcronfiq cne,rHeBeKoaba. noA pit. E. A_ Kocxuacxoeo t9Zi.
    A.0,. ldato4ooa, r. I-ll:. M. _,,I- t927.
    t
    10. CpeAHeBe(oBbe B ero naMrrHu(ax. IIol pea. Z. H. Eeopoaa_ M., lgll.
    2,0. Croepneou,t 6. Ircropun Cpelurx aexoa B ee n care.rrx r uccrelo3aHrrqx
    HoBefiulx yqeHHx, r. I- II, pisn. rJ:.
    21. XpecroMarx, naMqriHroa 6e rocv'{apcrBa I npasa crpau Eeponu'
    n"a-i;;.'?.-'i .'k;;"ririlJ'illigO*i"^"brror'J
    I Ev 6onMelr xecrsnr,lrH ,,.^anlep r€pc.rr,ljHtr,6yry1
    br, ia .,xcdp O*.x.1,1epfiHJ
    ::1rir.l:.AilH.ajebr 6ocr.i,rop lspa'oraorllar culahHcEH[a 6ypana KocropuraH rca-
    pllH cHpa ltoMpaclt x ocTrp r1v u Ill p
    l.i all
    5t2

    -E&s-_-
    22. XpecroMarxq no l|crop tI cpeAEI{x BeKoB. floa. pe,a. H. II. fpa4^a\cr.oeo
    u C-A. CKaoKuRa, r. l-II, rrsa. l-e M., 19,t9-1950
    23. XpecloMarns IIo [cropnx cpeaflfix BexoB. noa pea. aKaA. C. CraBE^&a,
    r. t-l I. M., 196l-1963.
    Tarrxrar re aapcrlxr<aapl

    24. fpotluo ct<uit H. n. V3 couHanbHo-3koHoMltqecroi Hcroprn 3anaaHoeBpo-


    neiicKor'o cpe,tHeBeKoBbr. C6. crareii. M.. 1960.
    25. fgrxooa E. L OcHoBHHe npo6.1evH ncropr.rfl cpe.tHHx BexoB B TpyAax
    K. Mapxca n o. 3Hrenbca. yq.-Meroa rroco6He, usa. 3-e, Hs.(-Bo Mfy, 1977.
    26. Eopona B cpe.qHse BeKa: sxoHoM[xa, nonl,lTxl<a, Kynbrypa. C6. crarei. K
    80-.,rer[ro aHa.[. C. A- Cxa3KfiHa. M., 1972.
    27. liclopnq Eo,rrapau, r. l, M., 1954.
    28. Hcropfl, BeHrpnx, 1. I, M., 1971.
    29. I4croprr Brr3aHrsl.l, r. I . 3, M., 1967.
    30. l4croprr Vranwt, t. l. M., 1970.
    31. HcropH, flo,rrtflu, t, I, M., I956.
    32. Actoptrt OpaH[r.rn, r. I, M., 1972.
    33. Hcropua r-le\ocnosaKHr, r. l, M., 1976.
    34. Hcroprn tllBe[uH. M.. 1974.
    35. Kosoneecxui /1,1. M. 3KoHoMHqecK[fi pocr EBpoIII,l ro Bo3 HI(HoEeErq xa[n- .1
    ra,,Ircrnqec(olo xo3flircrBa, r. I-lll. M., 1898-1903. l
    36. Kovc\uqxui lr. O. Oeora,lhHoe rocy,4apcrBo (V-XV or.). noco6[e rnfl
    y,tlrre.lefi. M., 1967-
    37. Kopcgacxuri r{. P. O6paaooaure paHHeoeoaarbHoro rocyaapcrBa s 3anaA-
    Hofi EBpone. M., I963.
    38. Koc utac\ud E. ,4. flpo6aevu aHr,,rHfic(oro Oeotaxn3va l,l ncropuorpaoss
    cpe,lflfix BeKoB. C6. crareii. M., 1963.
    39. Kgauuep H. IL Vcroplt gxoHoMnqecKoro 6ura 3a[a]Hoi Euponu, r. I-
    ll, rr::. 8'e, -\1., 1931.
    40. Hegcortux A. H. tlpo6jneuu eBponeflcKoro +eora.rs3Ma. H:6p- rpynu. M.,
    1974.
    41. no,,tt{c,.'ui O- ,. 3(oHoMu,{eckaq rcropuc aapy6exHtrx crpax. 3noxa Qeo-
    IarH3Ma. M., 1954.
    42. [IopuHea 6. O. (Deo.4ank3ir x Hapoarrbre Maccd. M.. 1964.
    43 Canpd{un lO. rV. Ocrogxr,re npo6reu6r rrcropn[ oeora.rbHoro o6urecrBa B
    rpyaax B. h. ,rlc{H a. yq. noco6He, rcr- 3-e. M., H3.('Eo Mfy, 1977.
    44. CKaBxuH C. I. Vt6pauuue rpyaEr no rctoptrrl. M., 1973.
    45- Bu3aHrxrlcKufi BpeueHHlK, r. l-36, M., 1947-1974.
    46. Cpe,1ufle Beria, BHr. l-41, M., 1942-1976.
    47. Catapxux B. B. Llcroprrqecxas reorpa(Dxq 3ana.rHoir EBponbI B cpe,[H[e Be-
    xa. tr't., 1976-
    rDacxrJrap yspa McH6cnep sa ora6xiiaT

    l..rh QJc.rJ
    Boixureiv O. ,r/. 3ana,rHoesponeiic(aq cpe,tueBeKoBar ucropuorpaQrr, M.-J[.,
    1964.
    Jlo6,tuttcxon A. ,4. Hcrovnrrxooe.(eHle ucroplr[ cpelrrx eexoe. .II., 1955.
    Metug-foiKo3ooo H l/. OpaHuy3cKxe xpoH[mH XIY Bexa xaK HcroPt klt cBoe'
    ro spenear. M., 1970.

    ' By c jahrua acac e'TH6apHna anqar l9l7-1975-cH ll.rrapilo q!'IxaH MoHo-


    rpaouja Ba ron,ly.rap KocreplrnMrurarp. Aaha arpaonEl ara6Hijar Me'.lyMarEI YtryH
    6ax: Hcropur cpe.{Hxx BeKoB. Eu6nsorpaouqecKlrii yKa3are,'Ih. [Io.l pea. K. P. Cr'
    xosa a ). A. Hepcecooofi. r. I, l9l7-1958. M., 1968; Cpealrue BeRa, sbln. XX,
    xxl. xxII, 24, 26, 28,30, 32, 34, 36, 37, 39. 40.
    33-773 513
    t
    I
    I 2-'rr Qacaa
    Moptc K. llucbvo x H. Befi.qeuefiepy or 5 Mapra 1852.
    eetbc. Coq., r. 28, c. 424-427. - l(. MapKc O. 3H-
    Sxzetoc cb. ,rllonBHr Oefiep6ax xoHeu KnaccHqecxofi He euxofi otlrocool,ll{.
    K. lrlopgc A O. s\eetbc. Coq.. r. 21, c. 30G-317. -
    Sqeeioc <0. IOpflauqecxui couha,lr3M. I(. Mapxc n O.3lzet6c. Coq., T. 21,
    c.495-498. -
    B- Il. Jlexux. Kap,r Mapxc-Ocapnapn raM xynnfijiarbr, q. 26, cah. 60-62.
    B 11- ,leuu. Xarrqu,rurus rriuci4r xa:uyu ea u. Crpynernr KfiTa6brHra
    rav KynnxjjarH, q. I, c. 439 -441.
    oHyH raHrr{alr. Ocepaapr
    B. Lt. JIeuux. Marepiaaisv ea cilnriiroxparrrnr. Ocapaapu rav KyrrrjjarH,
    q. 18, c. 380-382.
    heMcr.rHsH 6ax: Ns 1,2,3,7,8,9, ll, 13.

    ***
    Atnaroa M. A. flonhr[qec(ue nAen opaHUysc(of, 6ypxya3noi ucropHorpaoxn
    XIX gexa.M.-JL, 1949.
    Acuxoecxaa C.. A.-As uctopw
    ._ H. lepeAoohrx u.qei u pyccxoi MeaneBHcrri(e
    (T. Ipanoecxnfi). 1v1., 1955.
    . Eape M.,4. Ilpo6reMa coqflaJtEHofi scropxx OeoAanH3ya B coBpe[eHHoii 3anaA-
    Eofi MeA{eBEcrrjI<e. M., 1973.
    Baikurei& O. JL Vcropua coBercKoi MerHeBucrnrr (1917-1966). Jt., 1968.
    .^-_fcTry-o -8._ 8. HcroprorpaQr.ru Hcropnr cpeluux oexba (cepelnia XiX s. _
    l9l7 r.), M., 1974.
    fioxu-too A. ,y'. npo6neMH arpapHofi xcropxu paHlero cpeaHeoexoBbn B HeMeq_
    xo,- 6ypxya3Hofi ,cropHorpaolH xonua X[X-iaqara XX B. M., lg5g.
    ..3a6opoo-M. 4.. L4cropuorpagw xpecroBbrx noxoaon (XV-XIX or.). M., I9?1.
    Ko^cltuHcEuil f. /4. Hcropnorpaonr cpe.(Hgt reroo (V_cepeluua XiX o.). M.
    -1963.
    Kgp6aToo_I. Jl. HcTopnorpaQn, lro xcropurJ Bnaanrul. JL, 1975.
    . qaraJIanTuH 11. tb. O'uuta B Dycckofi rcropuorpaeuu [ocjeAEefi rperl XIX_Ha-
    XX B. KxeB, 1971.
    MoeurbxuqKull -6. a. nonl,tTusecKEe { MerororrorHqecxle firet pyccxotr ,s6e-
    paJrbHoi uelHeBscrBkr cepe.q HLr 70-r ro,loB XIX s. Hacara 900.x'ioaos. Toircx,
    1969 -
    lda,torqoea 3. B. CoBercxoe B[3aHrlHoBeIeH e sa 50 reT. M.. 1969.
    MeroAo,rouvecrre_l tcropuorpa$uuecklre Bonpochl nctopuqecrofi uayrn. C6.
    crare , Bur. I-10, Toucr, 1963-1975.
    - haMqEHnH 6ax. M 24, 25, 26, 38, 40,43, 44, 45, 46.
    3-vy Qacre
    Mapxc K. Halpocru olBera Ha nscurrao B. H. 3acy,ruu.
    eenbc. Co\., r. 19, c. 400-421. - K. Mapxc u O. Ox-
    .. -Uop*"u /(.
    K. Mapxc
    Bgeaexre. (1,13 3r(oHoMnqecxux pyKonHcefi 1857
    <D. Sazetoc. Co'{., r. 12, c.723-724.' - lg5g rr.). -
    -^^ 9719.to-c
    -tb lyrr-.llrcparr. - K.
    Maprc l <b. Steetoc. Co,r., r. 20, c. 105--106,
    t88-t89. 643-645.
    tb.-K rrcroplg llpegnltx repMar[eo.
    - K. Mapxc \ A.
    gveeabc. Co9.,
    r. -^3aee499
    19, c. 442-494.
    halrqasut 6ax: iL 2,5,6,7,8, ll, 13, 14.
    ***
    -- .Ilpeeuue repMaHuhr. C6. 4oxyuextoo. BBorE. cr. tt pel. A.,U,. yra,r6uoBa. M.,
    1937.
    _ _-Ilopdo* O npoucxoxlenuu x rerurrqx roroB. Bcr. cB., nepeg. E KoMMerr.
    E. t{. Cl(Pxrscl<ofi. M, 1960.
    514

    .96
    rye.{-,.- -t-
    :.:i _-
    rErr=_-=

    ,,!

    .
    yq.
    Kopcgicxud,A. P. Bo3HsKHoB€Hre QeolaJrblux orxoueH,.rE B 3anatrHoi EBpone.
    MeroA. noco6ne, BH[. 2, 1,i., ylal-Bo Mfy, 1973.
    haMqnrEH 6ax: J.{! 16, 18, 20, 22,23.

    Kopcg\cEud,4. P. forcKar Hcnaflrq. M., 1969.


    Ilegcuxun ,,{. ,r. Bo3HH(EoBeHHe saaucllM-oro_
    _t(-p_ecrbqrcrBa xaK x.racca paEue_
    Oeoa€nhHoro o6urecrea a.3ala,[uoft Eopone VI-VIil BE. M., i956.
    IIerpgueacxud-.A.]}r. Oqepxfl tr3 ncropltu cpeauereroi,oro o6qecrEa E rocy-
    AapcrBa, n3A. 5-e. M., 1922.
    ldatoqooa 3. B. Buaaxruq s ldtatu', B VI B. M., 1959.
    _ Uroep aH E. M. Kprlll.rc pa6oBnarerbqecKoro crpo, B 3arIaAIrHr llpoBlrltufirx
    PrrMcHofi HM[epHI,|. M., 1957.
    -- haMqxH H 6ax: J'l! 24, 25, 29, 36, 37, 40, 4t, 43, 44, 4Si r. tX, XIII. 46: gun.
    ll, XIV, XVII; 25, 29, 31, 34.

    4-,{y Secna i

    (0. (DpaH(cl(flfi nepuoA.


    -3-42etbc
    .
    c. 49t-518. - K. Mapxc t e. Sueetoc. Cor., r. 19,
    hauqxrsu 6ax: N 3,6,7, 8, ll, 13.

    Caauqecxac npaoaa. Ilepee. H. II. fpau[aHcxoro. M., lgSO.


    _- Kopcgdaxut,A. P. Bo3Hl.rxHoBeHEe ornorueHsfl B 3anal8oi
    yq.-Mero,L noco6 e, rEr. t. M., I4sa-soeebaalonux-
    MIV, 1968; BHn. 2, 1923.
    EBpole.
    haMqxHrB 6ax: L 15, 16, 18, t9,20,22,23.

    . Hegcbttult,4- l/. Bo3[r(HoBe[r.re_ 3aBscuMoro_ _Kp-ecrbrncrBa Karr Klacca pauHe-


    +eoa.aauroro o6uecrBa s_3anaAHol Espone VI-VIII BB. M., 1956.
    Ilerpgueocxul I. M. Oy.ep(l/. rr3 rrcropfir cpeAaeeexoabro o6qecTEa f, rcy-
    4apcrBa, tI3I. 5.e. M., 1922. '1
    ldo.ro4oo A.,4.-Ceo6oauac repeBg, B 3anaaHoi Heficrpgr.r a enoxy Mepoenu- -t
    ros r KaponulroB. Cn6., I912.
    Y-dato4oe A. ,q,- V1e atpaploit ucloprru Kaponurc(ori OrauApxlr. M.-JL, lgBE.
    __9o-"!gr!- de -\gaax H. ,n. Llcropis o6ulecreenuoro crpoa lpeanefi Opinunn,
    a. III-IV, M., 1907-1916.
    _..-..hqy_q_1lln-.q9-x:-lYf-?4,2s,32,36,37,38, 40,4t, 43, 44,46; BHn. , V, Ix,
    xv , xv t, xxt, xxlt, 25, 30, 3t, 32, 33, 34.
    ,r
    5-va $ac.,ta
    Eax: M 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, ll, 13.
    _ Eaprurnx P. M. I4croqsuxs In, fi3yqeHu tcTopsfl naaJrfiKnarrcxoro ABlxeE[r.
    Epeean, 1961.
    Bl3aH?[icxa, I(utra anapxa. Bcr. crarun, nepeB. rr KoMueHT. M-fl. Ca otoea.
    M., 1962.
    Koxcranruu Eaepr$opodfloli. 06 ynpaeaetnr rocylapctDoM. M.-JI., 1934.
    llpot oqutl uo Kecapuu. Bof,Ba c roraMs. nepeB. C.'B. Koiapattera, scr. cr.
    3. B. Vlaaruosoi.
    C6opHrK ,4oxyMeHroB no couanbHo-rrogoMr.rqeckofi tcropru Baaantuu M, 1951.
    heMqsnrH 6ax: Np 45, r. IV, Vl, XVIII

    Br3aHrrjrficxxe oqepx{. M., 196l; M., 1971.


    faxdafl A. II. Aepes8a I ropoA B BusaHrln IX-X eo. Ovepxa tro f,cropf,r
    Br3aHrl|lcKoro oeo,(anl,IsMa. M., 1960.
    Kgp6aroe f. ,7. PaHHeBfi3aHruficI<I,I[ ropoA (Axrnoxur e lV o.). JI., 1962.

    :'t
    \ \
    Jleoqetxo M. B. OqepKu tro lrcropHx pycc(o-Btj3axrlficRxx orHourefirtr. M.,
    t956.
    Jluau4u4 E. 3. O'repxs HcropHn BssaHrnficKoro o6uecrBa n xyaurypu. VIII-
    reDBaq
    ' no,loBr.tHa lX a. M. ,{., 1961.
    lluegteacxon H. B. BA3aHr$q t Lipau ta py6exe VI u VII ss. M.-,{., 1946.
    ydarbt4oaa 3. B. ATarnA l,l Brr3aHrlq e VI e. .U.. 1959.
    yctatbqooo 3. 8. l4aeiHo-nonHr{qecxaf, 6opB6a B paHBefi BBgaHTr.ru (no aaH-
    HhrM HcropHxos IV-VIl aa.). M.. 1974.
    lcneicxui O. H. llc:,op['. Bri3aHrxftcKoi nMnepflu, r. L Cfl6., l9l3; r. ll,
    r. l. J1., 1927.
    haxqnHlH 6ax: r\! 27. 45.
    6_uu rPac,ra

    c. 57
    3\ee,tbc O. 3auetxrr
    t-572. - K. Mapt<c u o. SHzenbc. Coq., T. lE,
    o fepuauau.
    Sxzetoc @. Ilrrcruo K. Mapxcy or 16 aexa6pa 1882 r.
    eenbc. Coq., r. 35, c. 107. - K. Mopxc tr Q. 3tt-
    Sueemc <0. l/cropun VptantuLt.
    c.515-5t6. - K. Maptc O. )H.ee ,c. Coq., r. 16,
    naMqrBrH 6ax Nr 2,3,5,6,7,8, ll, 13, 14.

    KopcgHcKui A. P. Bosuuxsosexue Oeoo.[anbHHx orHoueHHfi B 3ana,r,Hoit EBpo'


    ne. y{.-Herotr. roco6se, BH[I. I, M., h3r-so Mfy, 1968.
    heMqHEr]E 6ax: I'a 15, 16, 18, 19,20,2l,,22,23.

    fpa4uaHc\ui H. r/. EyptyHlcxac IepeBHt B X-XII croaetnqx. M.-I., 193t,


    fUpeeuq A. f,. floxoau arxnxron. M., 1966.
    Mutocraz ,l- T. CP,eraKafl BorqrHa B fepMaHur.l B VllI-lX ss. u ee poJb B
    3axpenouleHEr{ xpecrsanctra-,\{., 1957.
    - -Mutbcrot./1. L O,repxu x3 ucroprru AepeBHH B Kataaontu e X-XII er. M.,
    1962.
    h_e-ycwxuu A. ll Cy nr6r,r cBo6o,rtHoro kpecrbrHcrBa B fepMaBr.tH s VlIl-XII nn.
    -- 1964.
    M.,
    llerpgweecxui I. M. Orcpxu H3 Hcroplll aHr.tflfic(oro rocyAapcrBa u o6qe-
    crBa E cpe,qHfie Be(a, k3,[. 4-e. M., 1937.
    Buxoepldoo [1../'. flpoucxoxlelre (Feo.(anbsbrx oruoruenuli B JlaHro6apncKofi
    --
    Hra,rrr. Cn6., I880.
    traMqnHr.rH 6ax: J,lb 24, 25, 26, 30, 3L,36,37,39, 40, 41, 43, 44, 46; auu. II.,
    IV, V, VI, VII. VIII, rX, X, XII, XVIt, XXII, 28, 30, 31, 32, 33,31, 35.

    7-qu tF ac.,ta
    3x9g,toc !. Anrl-.(opunr. r.
    ,--
    106- 108,278-284.303. - K. Mapxc tt ab. )hee,xbc. Coq., 20, c. 17-18,
    B- I.l - utleHuL. E?3aprap nraca,tacu Aejun3h Mccenaja 1arp. Ocap,repu rav xy,r.
    nnjjarbr, ,,r. l, c 89-91, 97-99.
    haM'{[HnH 6ax: J\'-. 2, 3, 6, 9, 10, ll, 13.

    HeMeuKufi ropo.( XIV-XV ss. C6. Marepraros. BBoIH. cr.. noA6op Marep.,
    lrepeB.!npfinox. rr xovveHT. B. B_ Crox,luqKoa Tcpeuroouq. M. 1936.
    LPeAHeBekoBHfi ropo,t, C6. rcroqH[KoB. Coir- ,4. A tlo,[' peA.
    _
    B. <b- Ce.uexoea y.r 3an. Mocxoe. roc. nel. HH-ra HM. B. {up4rtai,ea.
    I4. .IIeHxEa, i. iX,
    3, M., r949. - ";E
    5t6

    B-..--.
    Cro&ltuqxaa:l-epeu(ooul. B. 8., Ilueu&oaa C. "4., CpelHeBexoBErfi ropo,u, B 3a-
    I
    nanHofi EBDone B XI-XV BB. yq.-Meroa. noco6ne, Bblrl. l, M., l4sr-so Mfy, 1969.
    heuqsiux 6ax: I', 18, 19, 22, 23, 46; BHn. X, XL .:
    :tj

    fpa4uaxcKui I/. II. napflxcKfle peMecrrerrHHe uexr s XIII-XIV crorerHqx.


    Ka3aHh. l9l l.
    Kupunltooa r4. ,4. Bonpocu couxanbHoi n xraccoBofi 6opb6H E aHan[ficKfix ro-
    poaax XIV e. M., 1969.
    Jleeuqrud fl.,4. fopora lr ropoac(oe peMecrro B AHrfiH B X-XI[ oa. M.-JL,
    1960.
    Ocunooa T. C. llpnar.rc(nli ropor Lt el(cnaflcHt Anr,lus. XIt-XV se. M., 1973.
    nora.&cK.ui O- fl. Oqept t cou[a,rLHo-3r(oHoMfiqecxotr no.,Irr[(H ILexoB B ropo-
    rax 3a[arHoi EBponEI B XIII-XV ta. M., 1952.
    Ceanudse A. A. Peuecao n peMec.,IeHHLrxE cpe.ueBe(oBofi lllsequfl (XIV
    -
    XV BB.), M., 1967.
    CpeAHesexoaHfi ropoa. C6. craref,, Bun. l-lII. Caparoo, 1968-1975.
    Crat C. M. 3xordusqecroe ll couanhuoe pa3Brrue palxero topora (Tynysa
    XI-XIII aa.). CaparoB, I969.
    Croxnu4Kau-Tepeut<oou,t B. B- OcHosHue npo6neMr{ HctopHu cpe.q,HeBe(oBoro
    ropoaa. M., 1960.
    Crox,lur4xaa-Tepeuxooua B. B- Ovepxu no cousa,tbuori clopuu HeMeul(oto ro-
    po.ra B XIv-Xv BB. M.-"rI., 1936.
    6eno6 f. fopotc(oit crpoi tI ropoacxa, xr3Hh cper]lHeBeKoBoii fepuannu. (fle'
    DeB.
    ' c HeM.) M.. 1912.
    Ilupexi A. Cpeaueaexoaue ropora Eerbr H. (nepeB. c. 0p.). M., 1937.
    har.rqrrnu 6ai: ive 25, 26, 30, 32, 35, 39, 4 1 , 43 i6; eun.-ill, XV, XVI, XIX'
    xxl, 23. 30. 31, 32, 34, 38.

    8-,,rI Oacne
    Saeetoc Q. hchMo K. lllurary or 12 Mapra 1895 t. - K. Map$c @. 3x.
    eenbc. Coe, r. 31, c_ 356.
    )Eeenbc <D- (O <Dpanuun B 3rrory oeoaan 3Ma). Aprr.tB Mapxca n SHrejEca,
    r. X, c- 285-286. -
    haMqnutH 6ax: Ne 6.

    Ahia Kota{u{a- AreKcnaAa. Bc. cr. nepea. xoMMeIIT. t. H. Jlo6apcKoro. M., ,j

    1965.
    I
    3a6opoa M. A. Vcropna xpecroBHx [oxoAoE B Aoxyveurax u Marepranax. M.,
    t977. I
    yca au6H M!)HK|,B. K{ara Ha3{raHuc. flepee. M. A. CarEe. M., 1958.
    hauqgurn 6ax: Ne 17, 20, 22, 23.

    3a6opoq M.,/4. KpecroBHe noxoau. M., 1956.


    Ss6opoa M.,4. flancrso lr xpecroBlre noxoaH. M., 1960.
    3a6opoq M- .4. BsereHre e ucroprorpatlurc KpecroBhrx noxoroB (raruac(a,
    xpouorpa$r, XI-Xlll ae.). M., I966.
    coxotroa H. //. O6pa3oBaHne Beneqaaucrofi xo.roHflanhHofi flMnep r. CapaloD,
    1963.
    los6owau K- H. K.laccooar 6oph6a B Bs3aHTn[ s l180-1204 rr. t, qerBeprElfi
    rpecroBHfi
    ' noxor. EpeBaH, 1957.
    ycneflcxui <b. H. Acropta xpecro8Erx noxo.loB. Cn6., 1901.
    hauqsusr 6ax: Ne 29, 39.
    517

    '"-
    t
    t
    t
    . g-cly oacne
    3r.?e,bc O. lTucb o I( O. MepHEry or 14 nlonr 1893 r.
    - K. MaW u 3c-
    tD.
    eerbc. Co's., r. 39, c. 85-86.
    I
    Sxeeaoc <b- fipeflrc.roore x 3-My HeMerKoMy H3AaHsp pa6oru K. Mapr<ca <Bo-
    ceMHaA(aroe oppvepa "rlyu Douanapra>. K. Maprc y <b. Sueetoc. Cirq., r. 21,
    c. 258-259. -
    O. (O OpaHut,ttr B gnoxy (DeoAanrcMa).
    t. --3aee!bc
    X, c. 279--302. - ApxnB Mapxca u 3nre,nlca,
    hoM, rHrrfl 6ax: N.. 2, 3, 6, 8,9, ll, 12, 13, 14.

    <Dparuyscxar aepeBuf, XII-XIV ua. )Kaxeptr. Ao(yMenrht, nepeBr, EBors.


    cr. rl np[M. H. II. fpaquaxcxoeo. M.-JI., 1935.
    K{tata o aeJrax l,I npaBreasflx.
    r. --C-geepul.
    XIV. L, l94l. - V,l. san. Jleltrrpa4 nel. lrrr-Ta.
    honqxxxn 6ax: M 15. 17, 18, \9,21,22,23. 46. sErn. X, XI.

    _----Eeccteprawi n. i. Oeotatb1af, ,(epeBHa u pHsor B 3anaaHoi Eopone XII-


    XIII BB. M., 1969.
    fpaquaflcKui fr. I/.
    6yp.yHrc(aq AepeBHq B X-XII croaerarx. M.-J'I., 1935.
    Koaorcorua A. B. O'reprr no arpapHoi ucropufi CeBepHofi Opauutr r lX-
    XIV ss. - y.r.3an. HBaHoBc(oro roc. IIeI. ux-ra, r. XVI. Hcropuv. uayxu. I,Iea-
    uono, 1958.
    Konotaorutt A. B. XaKepns 1358 r. so OpaHunt.l. gan. Hgatoscroro roc.
    neA. lrH-Ta, r. 35. HBaHoBo, 1964. - Y'r.
    Jleao{do1ct ud A. [1. XasP.a a'Apr(. Cep. X3JI. M., 1962.
    Cudopoaa H..4. Oqepkn no Hcropln paHnefi ropoAcxofi xyrErypH Bo OpaH[sE.
    M., 1953.
    Cudopooa H. A. Anrs$eoaaalsue rorxeflfi, a ropoAax Opau(rllr eo rropol
    nonoB[He XIV-Haqane XV B. Jlerrdrq. M., H3A-Bo Mly, 1960.
    Etox M- XapaxreptHe qepr6l opaH[y3cKofi arpapfiofi rcroprr. (llepes. c Sp.).
    M., t957,
    ntu-,A,ptaiu lll. (beo1attuas MoHapxfic Bo Oparurr u s Anrarrr r X
    XIII se. (fleper. c Qp.). M., 1938. -
    ' Tbeppu O- OnHr ucropuu flpol{cxoxAenH, ri ycnexoD tpeuero coc,'rooua. B
    xa.: O. Toeppu. Hs6p. coq. (Ileper. c $p.). M., 1937. -
    haMquHrH 6ax: N 25, 26, 32,36, 36, 39, 41, 42,43,44,46; BHn. I, VII, Xtl,
    xvt, xv , xx, xxt, xxtl, 27, 28, 29,30, 31, 33, 34, 35, 37, 38.
    l0 -,r y 0acna
    Maprcc K. I\annra4 r. I. (. Map.c O. 9*eetoc. Co,t' r. 23, c. 280-282,
    715,728-729,74a-749. -
    hauqrrrr 6ax: lir 2, 3, 6, 8, 9, ll, 12, 13, 14.
    ***
    _ AHrnufickae aepeanx XllI-XIV Bs. rr BoccraHue Vora Tailepa. flepen. u rre4.
    .II. M. Ilerpyuleecroro. M., 1936.
    Becrurucrepcrue craryrH. nepeB. c nar. r.r crapoopaflq. E. B. lyrEoBofi. M.,
    1948.
    Ilar,,rrrsrxu Hcropur{ AHrnHfi XI-XIII BB. nepeB. t,t BBer. L. M, nerygueac&o-
    eo. M., 1936.
    Jleurneu.u.. Burenke VrarqMa o flerpe flaxape. flepee.
    aEocroeo. M, 1941.
    lr roe4. l. M. flerpg-
    heM'rHE B 6ax: Ne 15, 17, 19, 21,22,23.
    5t8

    3fr.a.-r- -;\-----=- ...:F+t:,::i


    .--.-=''

    / Aldeeaa K. Z. Btyrperrsr xonogu3a(r{r lr pa3B[rle Qeo,u,ar 3!ia B Asrnarr


    XI-XIII sg. JI., 1973.
    Eape M. A. llccaelosaHuq IIo xcropl|E aflrJlsflcxo.o Qeo,u,aansna s XI-XIII as.
    M., 1962.
    f grxoea E. B. BosE,lKuogeHse aHrr ficr(oro [apnaMeHTa (n: acropru auralfi-
    c(oro o6uecrBa n rocyAapcrBa r XIII a.), M., 1960.
    Kupunnoea.4. I. BonpocH couna.rLHoi lI kraccoBofi 6opb6u B aHrr[ficKHx ro-
    poaax XIV s., M., 1969.
    t.
    I\octt uacxut Alrarr XIII g, .M.-
    .4. I4ccncAoBasr.ti no arpapHofr ucroplu
    II., 1947.
    Kgsxe4oa E.8.,IlBxxeHne nonrapAoB s.AHrau (xoueu XIV-XV ae.).
    3afl. fopbKoBcxoro roc. yH-Ta, BDarr. 88, q. 2, fopbxnfi, 1968. - Vu
    Jleau4Eud. fl. A. fopota n ropoacKoe pexecrro B ArranB s X-XII EB. M., 1960.
    ConpdKu{ D. M- Courarbno-IloJrH?[qecr(tle B3MqArr aH[JlllicKoro (pecrbrHcrBa
    B XIV-XVII se. M., 1972.
    Butto?padoe r. a. CperneBexoBrre loMecrhq B AHrrsx. Cn6., l9ll.
    nerplueocxud I. M. Boccra,r',],/,e Vora Taiaepa, t,l3A. 2-e. M., 1914. d
    IlerpgaescKutl I. M. Oy.epKA Hs rcropr{s aHrn trcxoro rccy/lapcrBa I{ o6uecrBa
    ,l
    B cperHr{e Bexa, Hsa. 4,e. M., 1937.
    Moprox A.I(. l'lcroprr Anraur. (flepee. c aHrn.). M.. 1950.
    nru-,lltotoiu U. (Deoaar.rt,tar. MoHapxra Bo OpaHunH tr Anranu s X-Xlll rs.
    (nepeB. c opaHu.). M., 1938.
    Tpeaetotx 4. CouflaarHac rcropra Arraru. (flepeo. c anra.). M., 1959.
    Xu./ttor P., (Doaafl f. Boecras e aHrJrfiicxoro napoaa o l38l r. ([Iepeo. c
    aHrn.). M., 1952.
    hauqussu 6ax: M 25, 26, 35, 38, 39, 41, 43,44,46; Bun. I, Il, IV, VII, XVII,
    xxl, 25, 29, 30, 3t, 32, 33, 34.35, 37, 38.

    ll -qu 0acne
    :i
    ?fiee,Nbc O. flrcouo x o. Mepuary ot 14 sto,, 1893 t. - l<. Mapxc E <0. 0t'
    aetbc. Cos., r. 39, c. 85-86. l
    Sueetac eD. Kpecrrrncrar Boirra B fepManxn.
    r. 7, c. 346-358. - K. Maprc i O- 1fleenbc. Coq.,
    )ue.tw <0. O PeQopr{a[xx n Kpecrbrllcxoi Bofise B lepxauntl. Apxno Mapr-
    -
    "t
    ca r r. X, c.356-357.
    SHrenEca,
    1I
    3teemc <b.3averxn o lepxarrt. - K. Maprc t (0. Sneettc. Coq, r' 18,
    c.571-572.
    hansrtrg 6ax: N 2, 3, 6, 8, Il, 13.
    I

    fexput "Iateuicxui. XpoHrxa JIEgoHu*r. Bsea. nepeB. It I(oMMesr. C. A. Ax-


    flut c\o?o. M.-Jl.. 1 8. 1
    lerb onbct. craBrHcxas rpoHxxa. IIepeB. c,aT. I nprx, JI. B- Ps?grcocBo,
    M., 1963.
    Kpectancrue aBrxeglu B fepMaHHIt nepea PeQopnauuefi. C6. AoKyueEToB.
    Coet. B. A. Eptonoeo. CaparoB, I961.
    haMqxHHr 6ax: i\, 15, 17, 18, 19,21,22,23.
    t**

    Eeccleprtul lO. JI. @eol.at tar. aepeBli, u ptrHoll B 3allaanoi Eepone o XII-
    XIII ss., M., 1969.
    Korecflu4teul H. @. Hcc,reaosa8ue IIo ltcropufl oeoAanbHoro tocy,(apcrBa B
    fepMaHrn (lx-nepBas noJIoBlHa XII E.). M.. 1959.
    ' Hegcot)un A. h. Cy w6s cao6oruoro (pecrbsncrBa B fepMalxn e VIII-XII os.
    M., 1964.
    C upu| M. rV, Oqepxs ltcropltll IIoJIrr qecxol 6oph6H B fepMaHtlrl Ha(aByHe
    PeoopMauxfl. M., 1952.
    6t9

    if,'..
    CrortwqxatTepeuxoou,a B. B. Orepxu no co[ranEtofi rrc?oplx f,eMe(xoro no-
    pona B XIV-XV BB- M.-,{., 1935.
    Jla npoo K. Ucrop]/..fl repMaHcKoro Hapo,(a, r. II. (flepeB. c HeM.), M., 1895.
    hoMqHHflH 6ax: lV, 24, 25, 26, 30, 33, 35, 36, 40, 41, 43, 44, 46; eun. t, VII;
    v I, X, XX, 31, 34, 38.

    l2-uu Sac,,re
    Mapxc K. Kan 'taJ.. r. 23, c,728; T. 25, q.
    c.365.367. - K. Maprc n <0. 3ueei6c. Coq., II,
    S eelbc (b. 3aMerkx o fepManlrn.
    - K. Mapxc \ T.
    <0. S*eelbc- Coq., 18,
    .. 571-572.
    ?fieetuc .D- K lTarhrHcxoMy qlrarenro. npeAlcnoBr{e ( rrran6r8c(oMy fl3Aa-
    Hrrlo <MaEHoecra I(ouyntcflrrecr<ofi naplnlr>. K. Maprc t
    -
    <b. 9aeetoc. Coq., r.22,
    c. 832.
    hauqanun 6ax: N9 2, 6, 9, ll, l!.

    Canaprcun B. B. BoccraH[e ,Ilo,ruruo. y,r,-Mero.(. noco6re. M., Hea-oo, MfV,


    197 L

    hauc Hsrr 6ax: N 15, 17,21,22,23.

    Eoprxux H.,4. HapoaHEre ,(BHxeH q B Prue (1143-1343 rr.).


    'rHrlHa, IpeBHocTh rr cpe,[Hue Bexa, BHn. 5. CBep,[noBck, 1966. - B c6.: Au-
    fg$oec|uii ,U. A. Vlranbr'l.cKoe Bo3pox.(eHxe, r. I, JI , 1947; r. 2. JI., 1961,
    Hs ucropur.r rpy/lr(fixcf, Macc HrarHr{. C6. crarei. M., 1959.
    Hra,rlsucroe Boepox.aexue. C6. crarei.,rL, 1966.
    Koretoxuxoaa ,1. A l{ran *rcroe KpecrbqHcrBo l,I ropoa B XI-XIV ss. IIo
    Marepra.laM Cpeauei r Ceeepxofi Hraauu. M., 1967.
    -- Coxo,roa H. I/. O6pasooanue Beneutaucxofi xo4oHlarbHotii [Mnepfiu. CaparoB,
    1963.
    PAreh6gpe 8. lI. Hapo,lubre aBtrxenuq B ropoAax Hrannr.r. XIV Eaq. XV B.
    Jvt-JI., 1958. -
    Croxtu4xan-Tepewtcoau,t B. B. OcHoBHHe npo6reMbr lrcropnn cperHeBexoBoro
    ropola. M., 1960.
    _.tlg\qaro,I[rr. SroroMulecxan scroprrq I4ra,I[u. Anrsqnocrr, II cpe,IH[e Bexa.
    {nepeB. c rr.). M.. 1954.
    heuqunrx 6ax: Np 25, 30, 35, 39. 43, 44, 46; BErr. lll, IV, V, VI, VIl, X, XI,
    x , xtv, xvt, xx, 28, 30, 3r, 32, 33, 34, 36, 37, 38.
    13-uy Qec,re
    Mapxc K. PesoJro\rot:'l.ar l4cla+fifl.
    c.425-433. - I(. Mapxc t <0. 3Hze,16c. Coq., T. 10,

    hauqrnus 6ax: Ns 2, 3, 6, 8, 9, 11, 13.

    flecHh o Cx,te. H3I. nolrorosu,r A. A. Cnupuoa. M.-JL, 1959.


    heuqusurl 6ax !& 21, 22, 23.
    tr'
    't
    Il B. O'repKn no ficrophll cperlHeBe(oBoil Kara,rourln
    Apcxuit Ao coeAuHeHu, c
    Aparouov (VIll Xll Bs.). L. 1941.
    I(opcgxcxui A P. Hciap q l4cnasrn s IX-XIII sa. M., 1976.
    520
    --fc.'

    ryEr4 - - --..- :-+:.i.-:ij


    --.-,ar--
    Kgdpne4eo A. E. Vcl.ay,'/.t B cpeaHHe Be(a. JL, 1937.
    Mu,tbc\at Jl. I. Orepxu It3 Hcropl t AepeBHx B Karaaouun X_XII ss. M.,
    1962
    I(yaorypa l4cnarun. C6. ctarefi. M., 1940.
    Co[Harh8o-sxoHorH'{ecxHe npo6neMEr tcroplu Hcnauru. C6. crraefr. M., 1965.
    llucKopctrui lr. Kpeno-c,rrioe npago s Karaaou u B cpeAHle Bexa KseB, 1901.
    Arbta ^. P. Uctop:,/.n l4cnaHBH, T. I, M., l95l-
    upo-u-Kpeaea

    14 - ,r y 0 ac xa
    3&eelbc (b. Orser iocnoaHuv flaylrc Opucry. _ K. Mapxc u <b. Ouzenc. Cot.,
    r. 22. c. 86-88.

    I1llul4a*rjs calH. PeA., Bcryrr. cr. r{ npnv.. M. . Cte6,tu8-Katp cKoeo. M., l95li.
    Lrapuar ga,u'a. Pe,[., Bcryn., cr u niun. M. II-
    Cre1,tufl_Katewizo M., lgdi.'
    haMqlHHH 6ax: M 21,22,23. 45: .un. 26. 36. 38.

    ly!*f,A. C.
    ! ,1 CBooorHoe xpecrbeHcrBo eeo,aa.rbHoi
    l4cToDflq CxaHnflHaBcKljx cTpaH (Aanun,
    HopBerflH. M., 1967.
    Hopeerua, llloeunr). M.,
    l97l ^ofl l
    Cooaudse A. A. Pervrecao H neMec?'reHHH(u cpelreBeKoBoi [IBeUru (XIV _
    XV ee.). M.. 1967.
    Ctedtur<-Kaaexcrui M.lt. Mrp caru. M., 1971.
    Unbzeipccott 3.
    I4a npour,roro fic.raHncxoro napola. (flepea. c rca.). M., 1g57.
    "' I
    haMqrHrH 6ax: M 25. 26, 34, 35, 43, 46; iO, ai,5i."iJ. .]1. ' -.*1
    ""r. .-tl
    15-qu 0acna .-t
    6ax: M 2. 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, ll, 13. l
    --t
    l

    Eax: I& t7, 21, 22, 23.

    Aguaput B. I/. Kpecrrnncxoe BoccraEle B TpaHcHrbBanEE (1437_143g rt.).


    -- 1963.
    M.,
    . ---Aqadu
    H, llcropue BeHrcpcKoro Rpenocrnoro xpeclbrHcrBa. flepea. c oenr. M.,
    t956.
    hoMqrH H 6axi ]$ 25, 28, 35, 39, 41, 43, 46. snn. VI, 36.

    16 - u or Qa c,r a

    K. Kanuraa. K. Mapxc u @. Sazetoc. Co,.r., r. 23, c. 246_25O; r.


    - -aop!9
    c. 367-36& - 25,
    heuqsnrs 6ax. ll', 2, 5, 6,7, 8,9, ll, 13.

    Eax. N, 20, 22. ,]


    I

    fpe9gn O.,4. Collxaarso-aronoMsqecKrifi tI [onHruqecxHq crpofi MortraBrE BTo- ,]


    poi uoJroBlrrH XV B. KHuuHeB, 1950.
    521 .iI
    431
    Motoe H.,4. Moaaaerc'efioxE OeoAans3Ma. KllruuseB, 1964.
    IlIAuopuN 8. 17. Kpecr6qHcxoe BoccraH e B TpaHc[rhBasHH (1437-1438 rr.).
    M.,' 1963.
    l4cropna PyMHHxr, (nepeB. c pyM.). rloa pet. M. Pomepa. 14., 1950.
    heMqrnnH 6ax: N 25, 35, 43.
    l7-qu Sccno
    Eax. M 2.3. 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, ll, 13

    AH\a xottr,ufla. An(csaAa. BBoAH. ca., nepeB. u KouMeHT. fl. H. Jla6apcroeo,


    - _'
    M., r965.
    rir*rr" Xouuata rcropun, taquHarrurarcr c uapcrBoBaH f, Hoalsa Konana'
    r. I-lI. Cn6., 1860-1862.
    Hutcubop fpueopa. P[Mcxar xcropua, BaqHBaloulaflcq co B3flr[, Koucraltuno'
    norfl rarrflrHaM{, r. I-ll. cII6., 1862.
    C6oplrx .uoriyueuroB Iro collla.'IbHo'3xoHoMI{qecKofr ncroprr[ BrI3aHTu{. M.,
    ---_Loseru
    1951.
    Xl
    H paccKa3tr KaxaBMeHa. Coqrureure Bn3allTlfictroro nomosoaua a.
    florroaoBxa reicra, sBetr., nepeB. tr xoMMeHr. f. f. 46aePufi?:-M, 1972.
    haMqrBHH 6ax:'Ns 15, 18, 20, 22,23,46 r. Vl. Vlt' XIX' XXI'

    footxoo 6- I. floaauesrganruficKfli SeoAanx3M. M., 1962.


    Kixdaa A. I/. Arpaprue orHoueH[f, B Bfi3asrfitl XIII- XIV e. M, 1952.
    Karr.don A. r. Coq[iauuui cocraB rocnoacrByloulero x,lacca B[3aHTu[ XI -
    '
    XII BB. M., 1974.
    i Kawdaa A. lf ., "\uraepux.1n. i^. Ovepxll ucroprx Busautult u PxtlHx cJasqr.
    M.,' I958.
    t Bu3anrus g XI-XII BB M, 1960.
    "luraopun f. l-. Eo,rrapuq
    I Jluraooux f. f. Kar xuar B[3aHrHfinH. M, 1974
    I Medeedeo ll. fl. Mucrpa. Ovepxx uctopul fi (ynblyPH no3lHeBl'l3aHTlficKoro
    ropona. JL, 1973.
    ' Xeocr'ooa /(. 8. Oco6ensocru arpapgo_nPaBoBblx ornorxeullfi a noeatefi Buaax'
    I
    rr.ru (XIV-XV BB.). M., 1968.
    I itcnencxud <b. lI. Hcropts Busasruficrofi ItMIIeplH, r. III II.-JI , 1948

    :
    Ilu^b C. Btt3a{r tict(fle noprpelH, r. l-ll, M., 1914.
    !- CM. raxxe M 26, 27, 29, 45.

    18'q n Oac r a

    l Sreetuc rD.,ltoaBxr Oefiep6ax B I(oHeIl xJlaccuriecl(ofi HeMeu(ofi oxnocoOHlr'-


    "K -i"';;; ; Q. 3xeetoc. coc , r. 2l' c. 294, 313-314.
    ;tr;;";, o B""l"*n" K aHrJlltficxoMy trgrattuo <Pagsrruq -c-o-uxa'rr 3Ma or yro_
    nnfi x uavxen. - K. Mapxc fi O 3\.etbc- Coq, r' 22, c 30tt-30/'
    ""^ ii""'rlii- o xjprau'i""*rl courarlx3M. K. Maprcc o SHzetuc' coc' i 2l'
    c.495-496.
    -
    - -"5"riii" @. Kpecrrrucxae BofiHa B fepMaHur' K Maprcc tt <b Sveetroc' Co't
    - '
    r. 7-'haM,rtrHtttt
    c. 360-363.
    6ax: .Ys 2, 4, ,6 ll' I2' 14.

    Ahplen netD Hcroort lloux 6eacrBl'Ii. I'bA noatoroBllrrl Il. A. Ip6oeaaa'


    n. ap. ois.
    A'.Cia[,po"o'aJ"u",
    " 'i;-.;;';;; pel. H. A. Cudopoaa. M., 1959' .
    xilt-xtv BB ; Boccra,He vora Tafiaepa cocr'
    t. A.-'kiiiiicxun t1 E. M. ncrpgueecra.n. M.-JI.' 1935.
    522
    .
    .E
    - -. . .-___,_!n4i:

    , L$Qeccgpo C., Egpropd ly'. ,llHeBHrK{. M., 1939.


    Hraauqrcxtte rvMaHscrH XV Eer(a o qepxit I peaurul. Cocr., pea.
    Il llpeficJt.
    M. A. fgp&ooct<ozo: !1., 1963.
    _-_ Catapxux B. B. Boccrauue Aorlqnflo. Vq._yero,{. noco6. M., Hg.(-no MfV,
    1971.
    hauqunsn 6ax: M 16, t7, 18, 19, ZO,21,22,23.

    Eopraux H.,4. Apxo;rua EpeusaHcKnfi _ 6ope4 nporue Karorlsecrofr (epr(Brl.


    M.. 1956.
    lpuzgte_out H. P. llcrogu,. r.rHxBx3ullHu. M., Ig70.
    Kepoo B. JI. I,l3 B-cJopH[ Hapo,(Hbrx Macc npo.rHo KaronHqec(of, qepKBl
    B enoxy oeorarfl3Ma. M., 1970.,6op66bl
    __ Kgaxeqoe E. 8. nonnap_aoB B Axrns[ ((oHeq XIV_XV BB.). _
    yq.3arl. fopbxoBc8oro.flaaxeute
    roc. yH.ra, sun.8g, q.2. fopbK lt,.196g.
    JIoJu ct ui C. f. Vlc.topn,. nancrsa. M., 1961.
    Pau 6. E. flancrso i pycu a XI kV go- M.-JI., 1959.
    Cudopooa - paggeft
    H.,4. Oqeprl-no ncropxx xyatrypu ro Opan-
    {rB. M.. t953. "opoat*oi
    _ Kopetux M. C. Baxueiulue MoMeHTLT B rlcropu{ cpeArieBeKoBoro narrcrBa. CII6.}
    t901.
    ,tlu f. H. Hcropra uuxauouqnn B cpe.(Hrre BeKa, r. I-II. (Ilepea. c arra.).
    cr]6.. l9lr.
    haMqxuus 6ax: i\-i'25, 43, 46: II, lV, X, XXII, 25, 27 6ypaxuaurruaap
    y 0acna 19 -,{
    3d?e,rbc (b. Apuua. Maprc t O. Sie tbc. Coq., r.
    - 6,K.
    havqunux 6ax: N 2, 3, 9, I l.
    14, c. 26_29.

    Eax: l$ 19. 20,21,22,23. .';-=,'lI


    1
    -.i
    *** '-l
    ':l
    3o6opoe M. A, Kpecroeue noxorrr. M., 1956. 1.l. I

    l4croput 4unaouaus, T. l,tr3.I. 2-e. M., 1967. l


    naagto B. I. BseurHqq nonHrnKa ApeBHeri Pycu. M., 1968. -.1

    ciii" t'i. iiopiu;#;;;;*y;;"t


    Ilru-Iarollu 11.
    .. lr r'rl, ls5i. I
    OeoAaarHaq MoEapxrr Bo Opa lIH u s AHr,Ina XI-XIII ss- I
    (nepeB. c Op.). M., 1938. {
    hoMqflnrs 6ax: Ne 26,27,28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 40, 46: I, II, VII, -!
    23 6ypaxuauruaap.

    20-,r 0ecne
    -, _1rcetoc @. -"rlro,48flr Cos., fl KoHeu r{raccrqeckoi HeMe[(oi Onnoco+EH.-
    K. Mop,.c A <0. Sueetoc. -@eriep6ax
    r. 21, c. 294, 313-314.
    Sieeaoc <0. BsereH[e x aurnuitrony xsaaHuro <PaauttTtr, counaJrn3Ma or yro- ']
    rr ( Eayxer. - K. Mapxc O. Sieetbc. Coe,1.22, c. 306-307. 1
    Sxeetoc cb. IOptasqecrgi co[uaJru3M- K. Mapxa u <0. Sxeetoc. Coq., T. 21,
    -
    SHzenbc @. Kpecrrnrcxat BotrHa
    - B fepMaflxE. K. Maprc t tb. Suze.toc- Coq-,'
    r. 7, c. 360-363.
    B. H. Jleaun. Mraan uaca,raja traup raHrBA[ rejaaep.-Ocapaapr raM fiynrHj-
    iarH, q. 24. c. 136- 137, 146.
    B. 11. i;";-.'o;;r;"6" 4"6."f'"pr.-a""pnep{ raM KynrniiarH, rr. 29, c. 346- . i
    ' 50''i
    _r
    A6etso Ilerp. I4ctoplra voux 6eAcrBtlfi. H3.[. IroaroroBl'rs L. A I'p6oema,
    H. A. Cudbpooo u ap. Oin. per,. H. A. Cudopoaa. M., l9-q9j ---.
    lloKvMeHTtr no HcropHH yslsepcrretoi Eeponu XII-XV ss. Yq noco6fle'
    Bct.li.,'nepeu. u nprr. i. k. Jlunitnuxoaod Pea. /. E- Mo'xo'teHt<o' Bopote,*t,
    1973.
    3apy6exxan rflreParypa cpeaHnx Bel(oB. Coct- E lt. ngpuues M', 1975'
    Hcaanacxue caru. M.. 1956
    flecHb o Htt6exyHrax. M., 1972.
    IIecHb o PoxaHAe. Pasfl. lga.
    Ilecss o Crt.le. M.-JI., 1959
    floaera tpy6aaypos, no33 { MflHHe3IiHrepoB, no33l'Iq BaraHroB M, 1974'
    flo$rr8BaraHroB. M., 1975
    Coeaueget'osufi DoMaH l,l noBecrb M.' ]974'
    h'aia,ruHuH 6ax: "$ 16, 17. 19,20,21,22,23'

    funeeuq A- fr. Vctoout I cara. M.'


    "tt- 1972'
    rl;;;;;;; kor';;;;' ii'. Cp"ai,"""*oBa' rarrHc*aq'ureparvpa Hraanu
    M..
    "" 1972.
    'io6'ro*'po*d"crae.cxou o A l4cropun nllchMa B cpe'lHne eexa M-Jl'
    '""- Kr""r"uo,4. /. fornqecxuii rypcuo Xlll -XV ss JI , 1974'
    1936.
    ,
    L ii;;;;;;";;p;; u"iop,i' 6n',iio6n' rloa' pea M r' ttoaqxa H ap' H3a 2-e'
    M..
    ' " 1971.
    i,oonurc*oa A. n. JlafiAcKaa naaeorparpua. M, 1969
    i;;;;;;;;;;i; ?. i. u"*v""'"o 3anaairoi Eoponu B cperHre BeKa M-J['
    t964.
    '""- porrorouo B- JI. Pylonuce.al KHura h roMort{.Iec(oe nrcbMo Bo OpaHIIuIr I
    Xlll-XlV :\'1 , 1975.
    ""'c;;;;;; sa. ir.'e.-or"p*, no ucropl,r paHHei topoAcKofi Kynbryp, Bo opalu'ru'
    *'' lt. .ltlte carr. Ivl', ls7l. - .^^-
    Sllor*-**
    F

    Cre6iufl-Ka-tg|c(ui M. n. KyJtbrypa l4c'taHr ''l Jl ' l90/'


    8. cpe'4HeBeKoBofi 0u'
    O'repxu flo Ilcropllr satlaaHoeBpoleicxo'i
    Tpaxrex6epz O.
    Jocodkx. M.. 1957.
    "*"8iia'"'""'i' - Vc
    gan'
    e ,lrc6oeHar nnpuKa lpy6a,4ypoB H ee I'Icro'rKoBaHI]e
    p":a,rixoro
    *'ii;;;;r;;'i."il
    roc. nel.
    tlH_Ta, r' 34 M'. I965'
    -,-
    xlll. E' i{ ' 1972'
    ' coi"p'oirorr.",i,l n'pu""*n" aBepPoucrbl
    wuiiii"u a. o l4ctoiu rta''It''EcKoii nnreparypll E ura'lb'Hcxoro 'lsblra'
    Jl., 1972.
    fiei f. OqepK ucroplll{ cperHeBeKoBoro Maaepfia''IusMa (nepeB c neu) M'
    1962.
    "'-burooou H. CoeaHeserosue yHllgepc rerbl M 1898'
    ;:;1i;;;';#'ii;';d:' r&16: ii.'it:lJ. rr''' ao, it. IIr' v xxr' 6vp ' 26' 28'
    29, 31,33, 34, 38 6YPaxbuHunaP'
    2l -qB Qacrs
    20.!rt Oacfl,'Ira({ recrapllqEja 6ax'

    feonoHHx. B 3aflTlicxa, ce'lbcKoxo3qicrBeHHan gHullxJ,olle']lH' X sexa' Bse'


    , *o*r"r". E- 3- Jl unuutl M -JL l960'
    .1"r.,'n"i,]"".
    ^-'"iiliiri lipir. n"p"u. , xot'ruesr. A fl corp'cxad M' 1960'
    ff"rrnru" oi*, N, iI. 22. 23, 45: 1 vl, xxlv
    524 b-
    ,*'
    r. B[3aHrnftcKas Kynbrypa. M-, 1968.
    Ko.rcdax A.
    Kaxdot A.17. K,lfia A nr.rcareilh B BrrgaHTr.rx. M., 1973.
    Jlasapea B. //. Hcropur BnsaHrr.rficKofi xfiBorflrcu, r. I-II. M., 1947-1948.
    Jlunututl E- 3. Ovepxr ucroplE Bs3aHTnficxoro o6utecrBa x xynbTypH. VIII-
    nepBaq no,loBnHa IX B. M.-I., I961.
    Medoedea Ll. I/. MHcrpa. O,repxu ucropuu x xynbrypH no3trHeBr.r3aHTr.llicKoro
    ropoaa. Jl., I973.
    ldato4ooa 3 B. HAefiHo no,rHTrqecxa, 6opb6a B paHr.reii Braalrut (no tran-
    HHM r.rcropnxoB IV-VII ee.). M., 1974.
    ycneHcrui @. 1y'. Oqepxn no HcropflH BH3aHrHficxofi o6pa3oBaHHocrx_ Cn6.,
    1891.
    hatuqrutts 6at: .\i, 26. 27, 29, 45. ,.1

    2l , q H e ac J a t
    ;J
    - K. Maprc \ O. A*eetbc. Cov., r. 20,
    Sflzenbc <D. AlareKrHxa fipspoAhr.
    c. 345-348, 500-501, 506-508. s
    _ 3rcetoc O. ,tlplBur Oefiep6ax H xoneu xaaccnrecxoi HeMe(Kofi ofiroco(trur.-
    K. Mapxc tr o. 3H?etbc. Coq., i. zl, c. 287-288,312. ,*
    ?rcetoc <l- Pa3BHrHe coura.rr 3Ma or yroluH K Hayr(e. K. Mapxc l tD. 3n-
    eetoc. Cot., r. 19, c. 203, -
    haMq HxH 6ax; ,\-i, l, 3, 4, 6. i
    .l
    -n.l

    a
    -_2
    dofitadaqo Inc. ,[,erauepon. Pa3H. E3A.
    Iaare A.tuzoepu. EoxecrBeHHar KoMeaflr. PasH. ns,[. ii
    HraarcHcxue ryvaHrJcr6r XV o. o uepxru u pemrrxll. Cocr. peA. l{ rrpeArlcJt.
    M. A. fy(o8cxoro. 11.-JI., 1963. j
    a

    I]Tafi,ABcKaB HoBeJr,'ra gnoxll So3poxleHnq. M., 1956. -ij


    Ilerpopxo <I>pau'tecxo. KHnra fleceH. M., 1963.
    haMcflBHH 6ax: ,Ye 22, 23.

    It
    Eaucu| "al. M. AaHre x ero BpeMr. M., 1965. l
    Bceo6qar ncroput rc(yccrB. Iloa. pea. 5. B. Bei apH n ap. r. 3, HcKyccrBo
    3noxH Bo3poxaeHrr. M.. 1962. I
    fgtoqctiui,tr. ,4. Hra,rbsHcxoe Bospoxaenne, r. l. "r1., 1947; r. 2, ,rI., 196l. I
    ,tlcnuoeteeoa ,4. l(. Oqepxr uraJrErBcKot'o Bo3poxAeEBq. M., 1929. I
    llcropuq 3apy6exHofi n[reparyphr. x Bo:poxleuue- flol 1
    pet. M. n. Aterceeea H ,ap. M., 1959.
    Jlaaapee B. i/.
    PaHHee cpe-qHeBeKoBte

    flporcxox4enue ,ra.,rbf,Hcxoro Boapoxleurr. Hcryccreo flpo.


    i
    TopeHeccaHca, r. I. M., 1956.
    Xtodoacxui P. ,y'. OpaHqecKo llerpapl(a. floasra ryvauraua. M., 1974. I
    Xo*erroocxan A. ll. ,rlopeHqo Ban,ra-Benhxfif, flTaJ-rhqHcKsfi ryxauucr. M.-JI.,
    1964.
    Kopetux M. C. Pasnufi marbqucxufi ryMaH[3M rr ero ficropnorpaQttr, T. l-
    lV, Cn6., 1914.
    no,u- 2-e.
    dgpexapd fl. Ky.rsrypa l,i ra.ruu B 3noxy BospoxreHuq. Pa3s. n3,{.
    har|qnsrn 6ax: M 25,26, 30, 43, 44, 46; eun. lV, V, Vt.
    I
    i
    'j
    I

    ro25 ,I I

    li
    i
    . t.t
    J
    MYHIOPI{qAT

    a-cpnep r'aprxr*a rurp ,"rd"r"p (v-xv {tlij


    illor"6- 91*
    " fA. ,ll.
    -oor-r.
    JIiY6nrHcsaia) ,; -j$E
    -1.", *;.i;-";dr"r" eruusaS 6eoaan[3unH Mahrjjor[ Ea oHyH MeH'
    -' aais,r-haor'i
    *l;;;I;;H;rc' ij. s t'vrnoea' A 14 'Daiuroa) 29
    s I 'rr"'ri-""rrioj tbeora.nirsvnu ahrjjarxHlrl x3ahH 29
    du oioaaarruns uexruaji npo6"reur 4l
    ' EPxeir opra ecPnaP. V-Xt acPnap
    Aaponaaa Oeoaan[3M rypy'ryulyHyH MeJAaHa
    3.qv - - ;;; Iap6[
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