186 Man, ocey, and God submiceoscopi, or infeed, wold 0s antropocetrc than the ‘macroscopic one, It stil the word we perceive stink about, oly ‘this ase theres very much per reientof thinking and ey ouch small on of petsiting Certainly 5 aa the problem of method it foncerned, the porcac to bolgy though phy ina way of taking, ‘bother way fom the macroopic approach, Moteoe tthe wy of ‘meckanien witout organs. tis tbe way which teats ty whole a on siretd ftom ts prt by geepton; which assumes oxanztin from ‘without nd ot from wis. That sno doubt why the method whch Springs fom it ste fala ooe of concentrating attention on ee am Jee and rll nits -stoms an pte in physics, molecules and aos in chemistry, chromoromes and ots in logy. Whar o 2 wea 8 hypothe astmption tomy mind an entey urate one— tht asa matter of word history the macroscopic word wes atully bul ‘up fom that nits, he fc remains tat purlag ther futher ad fa ‘ther towars th infiniti pot the only posible metho of coe fy. Inhuman history many ofthe most eal cover were made ‘le otherwise the dsonery of wheat, or intanse, and of the way 10 ‘aka and tre it ato bead. Final a whole follows only the cutenttend of entying biology more and more with phys, of lealng how to mand Be by ‘weang tas the peduct of mechani, no doubt many reas wll be scheved, But the achievements wlll be ecologic the meth (ite etas eating satu tee mechani ad resting ma a ‘Tnatural objet, instead of what ea human wbjct which seacs 2 Fuan spit. You may aot be wih mein everything Tha i, but have righty ivined the impulse behind this conference, you re with me ‘in this conistion aad you share he deteriton not lave ote smathods unexplored simply bese ty ae unconvetiona!. The Coming Trauma of Materialism Tonodore Rowak’ Whee the Waxtelnd Ends (1972) 3 book wich seems tome to deserve a somewhat extensive coset, not oly on is proper mess lterary an intesctual product, which are hgh, but tain the whole context ofits appearince and reception. Hs eater The ‘Mating of «Counter Cala ws, spose, “adie” in moe wens of the word, Dut twas adel as mode that is aeady becoming ily fie iia, tinged el sug Easel twas et another attack on ‘he eetablsmen, fn th cond book iowa “countering” pases dent potest ito gue, empha, argument. It goes uch depen ‘such ats blows ae aloe, not primal at our "power stuctres, ‘te, and our rate technological zation theses, but though ‘etna the hole and metaphyseal oot fom which they spl. HS ‘gary now i not moder if, wheter pluto, bougeis, o rl ‘ita, bo the “adage” expres _Neverhelesaad this the srpeling thing —it ems to have been ‘nly wellesied. isin paperback in Aeris publation in En- ‘Gd ast your was rected by substantia and by no means contempuous, ‘even ny Engi journals; the New Sin observes that it "pes tothe heart of the ues uo cll agus from view by thse who, ‘alata that allt well or will be wel with the worl; and soon ‘Thin spite of the fact that what the book explicitly and repeatedly, one rut evn sy eptitely seks to uadermlne ie somthing which very- tne whether entablkiect or eoltonay, rely aks for granted ‘uel, the whol sent and commonsense concept of "object." “The act of kaowledge,” he quoter historian of sles a obsereing. is 187 eel165. Ma, Society, and God tm acto alienation.” And for Rota the “aienation” of which we hear so much nowadays is merely a synonym, an emotive synonym but tls ‘ymonym, forthe very plcil of election which all sence is tnd is ben bused sac the Scene Revelation, “The mused popes of "knowlege," which as ben gong on ince ‘he sevententh century, hasbeen proges in aiention. The alleaton of nature fom humanity, which te excuse purst of object a sence tals, was she fist stage and wes folowed, with the aceeptance of man ‘mae as part ofa nature alerted, bythe nation of man rm hs sof Thi ial nd fatal step in reductionism oocued in two stages: set hs boy andthe his min Newton's approach o nature was aren, by oxtzst wth oie Seti uations, form of bebvorsm; and what has snc followed tas been its extension fom astronomy an pls ato physioloy and utimatelyprycholoy. "Tecnology, he ages, suman, and x proving ban, becae tt based on etn, and reduction the produ of alenation Therefore he mae this pncpl busine to cones the principe of ‘eduction expt and imp, with the oppose one of "aac ence,” whic has characte the thought and feting ofl cations| loro our own. His eis tht ob Behav ntereetation of nate ‘snot, ashe bees geeraly asued, a eDacton of fac bute aay ‘meal construc, re convenient nd nsesry one forthe purpous of ‘manipulation (achslog), but inafa se sso 10 elect the whol tut, o the mot spartan part of it san son. Moreover it ‘she son, th on ree which the whole of or ell alienation ‘sings, and we anno ind ou way out ofthe oe without ding tr vey out ofthe ocr. He ses the way out of the rat lon a proend ‘ng natu, in the revere order fom the way east paycology sad then the tual scence. I wl perhaps not be 0 fic ocean tadng ‘havior pychology very seriously; we realy Rnow hat another person ‘ssomething more han hls observe behavior, because we now that we se, "But now,” he cones nx psage which wil quote eal afl, Suppose this ait we have to find someting of ounces in people shoal be expanded, tht the ste personal ansction occured ‘with animal and plat. ‘Suppose that sity began to reach ut fre sil, discovering ‘ay of inventive patter and comeunicatve wait even in what we once repaed a the dense, dead stl ofthe worl ‘oppose the whol of ceaton beg o speak toi in he nt an. guage os deply sbrered ish. ‘The Coming Trauma of Mteriain 189 ‘Supgte...we evn fl urged to reply courte to thi ade of he eavicement and ooln in open convertion. Rorzak attempts no propbecyhe leaves it a that; perhaps beaut he aes ot underate the shocking ate of what hes suppoeing IC would lave a les han the removal of ll those metaphyialand paycholo cal premier which hve become “he sbliil boundaries of the con ‘exporaryadscape,” nce we absorb them “asf by osmod from the fil enrzonment tht ecvlop sand which has become the onl = ‘onient we kaow.” Nevertheless possbl to ake hi avin en go ‘Shend from spposngit snd thats in elect what I propose to Go on this feccson. The esoas why donot feel the supposition foo fantasti to ‘be worth making will hope spear as proee. ‘Our contemporary “nindscape” dates back oughly to the Scenic Revoaton has developed an stzenghened sce then, ott was then ‘that began. It was preceded by a very diferent mindscape, which ad ‘xdared from some tine ia the fist allen BC to about the sre ‘wont century A.D and which wil for convenience, eal “Arsttellan- ‘im,” not Decne i origiated with Aso, but Because he was the ‘hiner who formulsted mos competent the presuppositions on which ‘va aed. This eater mipdscape was one which assumed an intercom ‘ion betwen man the miroocam) sed ature (he macrocoam) nt lim ad to the mode of pave senmton and active manipulation. Assumed, ‘ot merely “boned in” Either en aca experince 0, or ey ‘pee sublinally sued that a so both One wey of snort ‘tna Rowak testy pont oxt (bowing the term fom Feud), ‘hae Realty Panels juss precisely the abence of any sah pris: ‘on sour, We may perhaps desnate our owa Reality Pipl, nd the rindsope that gos with it “Caress” onthe sae pice as ove; ot bacaae twas vented by Descartes, ut beens he was the ‘hiker, fly nets being, who mos competent formulated the ft alnaton of mater from min, and thx of ature fom humanity, of| hich cond, For Cartesian, for Artoteanian ts own Realty Principe is and slvays ha been the tath no or ise lone but for ll me tall ties, ‘Any otber Reality Principle by which some men may appar Ive, of ave been vag, subjective sin. Thus, for Cartesanisn which exe Inter, Aristotebanism elf had ben sacha aso. Ts is where Rowak ‘aka ls departure He aceps hat the nation of mater om nd, tnd of natu om humanity # the subliminal Reality Principle of West em humanity and increasing of humanity st whole He denis at eo190 Man, Society, and God ‘Asotin antl exe “mindscape” wee by conta, aon ay. By and lage the were good deal illusonary thin Certs ‘What he sks sto soppove therefore th passage quoted, isan abandon ren by the Were mind aa whol of Cress, which soul be ao [es total and effective than wai air abandoaaent of Arson, ‘ight be thought hat (out of sty saenicols, of which smote ate) sch change cold tae lice without any very eet upbeat: al: Aterlleven in ou Cartesian word quite a numberof people em to hold theories about th elation between man and naire which re aco ‘tle with an abvolte gl between mind and mate. Quite a numberof ‘rope for example take espel laters in antology, not lyon the uel ee of populates horoscopes, but ao, sr waste a with CG. Jung, oma hy intelectal one; and arly i bated om an extt- sensory relation between mactoosm and mleocoun, Others rie the sulwith an ideast philosophy or elo fh an 3 on. But ay “recs based on rch considerations ofeooks Rosa's pot about he ‘Realty Principle; lt oveloks the extent to which Carts po- \pesed fom coasious to uncotsous or “wolinina” eoaeion, "Ma ‘eviam” in my tile means, not any mates pioxophy,@ Heck of Lena, but the mental habit of aking fr ranted, ral cic pur ‘ores and mos theoretical ones, hat the hana pbs inteinsclly "aleoated™ om ature the manner indice, x hablo inveterate st ‘o hae entered into the meanings of «gest man common words and thst hae become aceped st common sens ts. Material ati sense 20, for nstane,inompatine with deep gous conviction, The habits oe whch owes good del fo cei econdry cons quence of Crtenim tat sot often eal or alluded to, Rosrak ‘ums? has sto say about He emphases tit the aleston of ma ‘hom nature brought sbout “ainaion rs hal” but nt tht the ‘wanton fom th Bs to the second came vit is slenton fom hi ow ‘rig and sory as man, Iwas this that ws effected by the secondary ‘consequence Tam fering to. "Unforitain"ait was callod hn (red an ity yeas ago when twa Sat ported ithe ann “that no eauses whatever hve, fom the east ine to which we can ok bck {othe present ever acted, but thos now ating, and that they never sted wit erat dares of energy from which they now ac.” Sot was formulated by the geologst Lyla an cbvoualyuaprovabe but very convenient postu t about the tse when Wester man wa iat be oning deeply interested a is own and nature’ “eoltion,” Adopted at ‘habia eventual by fore of tat abit aonped ata ft hat See eee eee ‘The Coming Tuma of Mates 191 Asteraned the whole development of eolsonsy theory. Cau aot aly snow, but alway ae been purely piyel,antoucted by “ensce- fence.” Naar, slated now fom mas, mus alvays have ben sole. od Go rns the tat agument) and mot therefore have exored by ts fm objective an unchangig a. Thus, ctor conepts of evolaton, ‘ch Goethe's, to whom Rorzak devotes some atetioa, were gulckly Joe fom view abd the Drwilan theory triumphed. Forenatel the ‘le atenston ir acently traced i he Mstorkal actin of the article (e voltion” ia the 13th ein ofthe Breyopaeie Britannic: ui ‘unitate depends on Cates and Darwin depends on foxmiariniam. Tiss ofcourse at relizedby mote than a tiny inci, sd Darwin, ineleatd from cildhood a ft, ntrtlze th, ‘deepens and spreads the bint oos of Crtesanisn Is the combi- ton ofthe two which hs been dese forthe Westen mindscape and is ow smost synonymous witht Tete relcton on these fines real inipensable we arto take rio the ad of change Rasza tentatively nvsges, nce 10 Jot the permanent alienation of rata rom mind eject ls the. onept of an excasvely biological evlution, tat is,of Darwinism; nd ‘tinjat at that Dri is mmanent io ou bdscape at al pins ‘oedr to convince ones of hat, is only necesary to adopt for few ‘vk the habit of reading o stenlg to contmpory erature snd Journalism na ether peck way Pause every now andthe and ask your bale one othr aspect of Darwinian (whether sae for extncr, Sexual sli, the spl analy of ma) mln that ator ‘ton oF inthe terminology it employs? You will at need to continue ‘the experince very lng Bpin wth Women's Liberation i you Mes. You ‘wl fad te quarters or more of the arguments both fo and eins un ‘estonngy based ont Or begs whareer ee you choose childcare, duestonal thor emioamentaen, ecology and whea you hare done with ctlogy in ili branch, peed your net wider, You at ly ta il bigs ul rom peyeholgy and he elt wil ot Be 0 very ferent with plentsiogy anthropology, arcneology, esthetic theory, Sng, and even philosophy a aw gecerally taught Thave ltt ot ‘aogy ul, wth gets, pysilogy medicine, et became in those ‘isthe speci stetion Tum eggeting hardy nesenary, the cnet ‘Son being obo even without Indeed he whole point tat ts noe only biologists who (10 boro a rae fom Georg Stee) "biologie ‘he data, ut that, ether eiscurselyor smal ox Both, we ara doing ital the ina.192 Man, Society, and God ‘Thus Razak sight a I pemonal think he al this aot ‘wentthcetary engheament out objective at but simply an a= ‘Paned mental habit, sil ook tobe» prety ineadcable one. Neve ‘elas [bbe it is worthwhile taking Took tthe posit of ts being radiated inthe freeeabl future and trying to foresee some necesary consequences. "AE ths pola chink it wil ep i we vary his metaphor of inn scape by fubsttuting tat of fozen gud mas» fozen mas om which the peychologal end phya srvtae of ou tecnologia zation i acted and ino which ae imbedded deep dow foundations determining fen the minor deals ofthe dice ey suport. The mast sepest my Sela, const of collective convetion snialysblimin! and by ‘ow amounting to certainty, (2) at autre a objet sytem wich ‘man can only affect by manipulation fom withowt aod (0) that each i- livia an sa separate arto hat Kid of nature, Les portant, but 1 following fom the above one might ad (cht one mind can only ‘communicate with note through the medium of physica proce. “hat isthe mas, and surface looks fit it firm enough. Yt for thse with eye ose there re ood many indications hat itis not sey a rm ast ods; and further tt the hood ofthe as ea ‘ole continuing oid is being eis tuetened fom both above and below. Cracks ae appearing in the setae, where the foundations fst be ome vibe to the raked eye, asthe result of impacs rom above, wile fiom the opposite direction th frozen nat isl poets tobe Bovng thinner, becoming move ke srt then amas, ate thawed by « adi- slincetse of warmth pring fom the dept below, The impacts fom | sore represent instinct human reactions psn the rent of the un Cela objet tht hs dominated intellect efor the lt two 0 thre centuries; the warmth om below represents the bepaiag of eric, ‘Aso he cack, they tem tobe of two kinds, theft originating sor in the wand th second more th ntalet. As evidence ofthe Sirs I would instance tho tay remasabl, though ratered,proleation ‘of small journals and pamphlets, often the product of some voluatay as0- sition of human ben, widely ives fom ech aera many expects, but having one thing in common, namely, vole reaction agin techno logic elation and its conequraces. Tey at ofcourse ign a tezms of publicity, but mone who ges tl out of is wy 110k for ‘thers aos bewdeed bythe etract of ase: Alertaive Sosy, Responsible Society, Confrontation, Dai, Pend ofthe Earth, Rest See eee eee ee ae ‘The Coming Trauma of Materialism 193, nce eee woul be uit oot the presence among of {hose communes of mostly young people who ae, wth varying depres of| ‘Bons, seeing to opt iit ou of technological society. Such at all, cent the station n England and Imagine ts th une or more x0 ‘in Ati, To parla ames The cited may wel ot be the most Important ont, andthe rede may pear o compl his own st of overt ‘manifestations of what Roszak elt th Human Potentials Movement How widepread ithe movement and wiat prospects se there ofits com fective? I ei tomy. The medi, which consuate che soutpiece ofa democracy’ mindscepe, handle any widespread but new ‘ddl movement of opinion in thre stages (1 sence, except fran ‘rasa tou and potahy msedg reference; 2) ithe more- tment doesnot fae ay, bat Betis to organi within the alence (or ance, by attempting to advencs lepton) iepreped nthe name of democracy, taper roup" or“iobby" (@) sien teangot be die ‘ragod without betig mentoned, thi may bring about the third wage, at thie itr tat openly dtcased and thu begin fo emerge from calc ‘ly ebliial to. oolctielyconsous le. Rov’ Human Poe ‘ils Movements lly for the ot part at Sage tbe groups ae sal tnd wily entered an presurabiy Know ie of each oer; but eras ‘nth wind ach aa rcent “Communities” ie ofthe Boston Bast West oural nin Eland the existence, tet of «"Dectory of Com ‘ner seem to sages at ape ene to fderat nd thas to move towne Stage 2. Or pepe ome of them maybe said to hae already ‘tached Stage 2am taking of those group and movereats which de "re thn energy from wht may be alld the mpl of "practical ecolo- {9 -ablorene of tretng animate nae st a objet, opposition to [coring o wholes experiments on enim, texte bbls, tnd of course to pollo in ils spect. Rosa ins ls an Apps tx th hort latanes of the things exologt are objecting to "Tere is another Kad of external impact rom another source, sae, sn inceasing avtrenes of phenomena at inply do pt fit in tothe ‘indaope ea be fy year or more since Care Foe led one oF two books with hig collection ofthese nerploblie—"the dat that. Senor he exces be called thn cal ffom an stonshng wc sty of source, thar Koes he Roots of Credence bas esetiy routed more system attack on sma fooung Les anecdotal and Probably more perunie the eoatnued inenceof things ike wcond eh, or telepathy, the sor of thing in whlch he eder insitations for pyc vewarch, and mre remntly the fellowes of JB. Rae aresp-194 Man, Society, and God lly iteretd, These however are tll ousders, father insient ons ‘What is more staking isthe growing umber of tematic eas and pac se, sffisentty enabled to forma pone pr ofthe srt of society bat occupying a soo satay demimandae exsteace be ‘hse they re counte-Crtn, A 0d dal of prychosnabye comes ‘within ths category. Hypnoton waste same lento he dsreaied “Mess” tat fclated the ey eietenth century when wa {ound could not be dial, Te abel was onsdered more seatie ‘uti fact ld nothing render the phenomenon ore explo pare ly physi terms. Ye its eta and empirical enough to have called orth protective elation to pewatitsabuse. The "igh potency" zene: isin win homeopathy are prepared by caring ation to an exree ‘which xcades the posit of plycalcaustonand for that reason erected aa light of fancy by a arg pct of the matcl poten, Yet they area regular and oranaed weal over the lace by folly goal fed docton. Acupuncture, which coctades al eased medica the ty, sin ue for anette purposes nthe Royal Victoria Hopi, ‘sociated with MeGIl Metel Schoo, in Montreal. IfTam euctat to ‘Ad he Anthroposophical Movemont and the many pata acs whch have been inconspicuous pursued or al cntry by the fl lowers of Rado Stine, it tony been they cal for so mh ore ‘han the paing menton tht slone rin pice here amar witht incredible reds not contempt but respect and it isno wonder if there lee readnes than there wat o dani ou of fad evn ch seeing _potesqueres 8s Michel Gauguin’ "comms clock” or the sim ofthe Findhorn Group Scotland tobe foseag the growth of plants withthe hp of fendly nate spits ‘But once aan the reader wil be able o compl own it Some wll ‘no dob real the astronomical paperback als achive bythe publi ‘sso Edge Cayo o Cron Castaneda. A wit, he Brith Dat Tele _rph sunning in ts wekly Supplement eres of article covering the “paranotmal” in ear cding such diverse iaances at extrasesory peteeption,poycbokiness with special efetence to Ut Geli), thor oy hedking, snsology, acupuncture and others. The weiter ends ws ‘hat unt James Reston proved it on his puss during a vist to China, caput was “smi a load of ed Chinese bb"; be speaks of trends emerging whic are pointes to the future” and he wily fore fasts “along hed struggle asd,” dig which, whatever ha een gong ‘on outside the meal schools, medical students "may expect fo Be taught ‘fom the sae old biology and physiology textbooks.” The Coming Trauma of Materialism 195 ation by textbook to which TS. Ku ab pointed ia hie The Sucre of Scenic Revolution (1962), pasa wil pay of couse ‘ajo prt maintalang the compecines of he crust ané this really ‘its eto the underside of tad he oppodteof sure crack, namely ‘hermel elution fom Blow. Bat before going ont i, Lough oan tion contemporary maneaton, which may be tought o wock fom bo ietions at once Izfeod in passing to Castaneda but witout pring fo point out that the widespread use and the Here of poy ‘ede us hf obviousy been looerng for svat numberof ‘nds the rensuig put of the fv sees an therewith ofthe Reality inp which ence as chosen a ts ase and on whch echlogy sass. The ncesingvope for erature from the East, largely ‘oached by Cartes sno aclent. "When howover I peak of ioton fom below, am thinking ore of hase pce intellect, academic and occasionally sientiie— where the ba resapostions aes Died sad more ex, ite les su al ante more conscious; th kind of thought process that i ob- ‘erable Koeters Beyond Reduction, loglcal appeal of the ‘enuppoudons of materia and no long: om a andpolt Dated tithin them —cbjectty in fact abou object. Tere ioe angst ‘ie of my matapor lending to confsion, nce we ae acatomad to think of unconscious in terms of depth and conscious in tems of wc. Tae movement Lam now conden til "underground," but oly in the wnt that it lay unknown tote general poe Nevers | have te impretsion tat t anno erin o ety uch ange. Tean only ‘mention on ar two ot ofthe many indications on which that preston ‘Stud. The metaphysical npleaon of sdvanceépysia esearch ae haps the most crow, where quantum hry ands consequences are "eady lean ere and thereto point nk guestoning of Caren Suelfsnd ths ofthe post of continued scenic dependence on “object ait as helo been uadestood. ‘Ls noted a yet, but more ominous, ithe candies of the erst in ‘soe apt of congealed Darwinism (ae this erm to cover ny 2 ‘ively and snchalcal bllogica theory of eolton so that om thi ‘nt of int ster developmants uch a th subsittion of "auton" {er chance variation, of "enotypes” fr specie, or of adapaton” for sual ofthe Mts sake no dffeence.) havea tong impression hat tae to the ert thinning ror the Botiom upwards is true the su ‘or look en enh, For the Brith Gurdon commenting o gi tion in Dayton, Oia to ast hat the Darwinian theory shouldbe taught SeerCee ee eee eee eee eee eee ae 196 Man, Society, and God theory rate than fac editinguchsbe from iting on Fundamer ‘als, and requles he ike fetus reatment. For the mela today no Jes than yesterday to doubt the Darwinian theory so bes Eater, rolution meant Hoxey, Monod, and Broaowik. But underntth and not now so very far undemeath, ties rather diferent story. Tht the ‘Everyman Library's (1967 edition ofthe On of Specs aelades 3 analytical Invodtion, which semars oa “ke hyn to Darwin sn Dar ‘ins that nteoduces mo many text-books on biology an evolution" e- ‘eal the existene of “a peat divergence of epnion among biologist, ot only about th euses of evolution but evn abou the atl proces,” and ‘ecors the writer's own conclusion “hat Darwin nthe Ori wa ot tony notable to produce palucntolgil evidence to prove is ews but ‘hat the evidence he i proce war adver to them.” “There is othing spel new in sich dss, There fave away been pockets of opensmindednes here and there kept hidden for feat of om ‘mon sent. Tae have va bon xypto septic, ich the Cambridge ‘Profesor of Zoology, Adam Sedgwick, meationed by EL. Gras Watson Inhis The Mystery of Payal Le, wha wed to etch his pol orthoton Darwin nthe erly part ofthe cetaryand then patly ane ‘hem ht, if they took the rouble te look at he fe, ny woul ind ‘whole groups of them which contacted any theory of evotion x fat ‘évenced adding hat he ins ered archetypal forms of plans a Simao have been “prepa ‘ut it saoog step fom anette profesor’ study with the doors Shut tothe poplar chap edition ofthe Orin of Specie ithe wirace ‘ule so soi as took trough the media? According othe Las Angeles ‘Times in Octobe lt an Indiana profesor of antuopology cited his, colleagues hap for claig "ab nt” that man Sscended from ae ke centres and suggested that they did vo for for of ot beng de ‘aod seriou scholars oof blag rejected rom serious sade ces” ‘George Macbeti’s Darwin Re ried (1971), whch not the clyde! ‘tigue in the Enpish langage pushed ia the last eo ore years, oat almost etl ofthe quoted utterances of contemporary bol sss ranging from Sir Juan Fhikey (0 teleion): “The fist point to ‘aks about Daria’ theory tht it no longer heoy but afc” to Profesor Engst May of Hervard: “The base theory in many inrtences haraly moe than «postlt.” Divergence of opinion on subir deta ‘Snot fs sing; and the Book aes one wih starting impresion of eadon conflicts of epinion and a sate of peal array in he cdl, which do noe sogest thatthe guruon is pareulcly welleguipped to Withstand daylight asault fom pure reton. ‘The Coming Trauma of Materialism 197 Suppose such an attack shouldbe mounted and tat it sbould be se- cesfal the question Iam asking myselswhst wl happen, ate st keto the general pub? Whe wl th elects o, tthe crt rows 0 {hin ogo on bearing eve he muds, and the ment and verbal chs ‘hey stand on begin colapeing onder tee feet? Roszak pints hs rusts ete of new and que other mladscape donot hk, he apes {odo that it ut ive teva bolton of technology bot eving that asd, lett hope might come tro, eatin some measure, Wal but what of ti “long hard srg ahead” thet comes re? Tous io ‘sen much attention to this. Tam eran hs New Sclenti eviewer us ot. fn Stevenson's ory the uasformtlon of Me Hye into De. ely wat accompanist by conrlions. seems ler ats fa 8 the safe concened whet ofthe Scaoes oF the humane, the ist ‘tue ofthe sue mst be one of powerful and even seks resstance. nthe hint of this andy when asics of repute is heard coma ting himself to sch wy uses statement as Sr aan ey’ ‘on television? Doesnt tht tor of thing sound by ow rather les ke ‘omumoa see and mote ke muses? But there ae other and more ‘egrenive forms resanoe ca take Tweaty Jou yeas ao, when De. ImmancelVelzosky propounded certain sstonomsal snd ropa! ‘thease: which, isecepted, woud ous the unlformitarin hypothe, [Alber Einstein expresd the opinion tht he had neverthles aad out 8 rina face cue onthe evden, which ought tobe careful invested. ‘he point hee, ot the theo hemsalves but what happened to them. ‘Th wouble was at, eased, they would ost the uiforitran| hypothesis and The Velkvaky Af (1966s out a documentod de- ‘al vious measures, including the tvetened blacklisting of «publisher, hich were taken o ena hat they shoul emain aot only uninvet {ted bu ali afr spose unbeard of. feat the long had sgl wi involve repreniv and ther mares compared with which the Veikoviky afar wl ook ke bowandarrow we” How could it be otherwise when one tin of what wil beat ‘ke forthe defense? One has to imagine a twentethseatry Bolt being asked to acoept that he whole Mar af textbooks fom which 2 san eared school and university, fom which he has hime been ‘anhig al iif and to which he has pehaps added an rgnal consi Salo of is own, in fc apely relevant. By way of comparison sup- ore a contig enner in gh repute wih is cantle who, he 1. Pap, now, hey wt bp he ete denpone redo shot ine Bua Somes ste pe edb es sae SEG Spot” boseentac medi188 Man, Society, and God Devs, has pet is ie examining and improving x ast central eating system, and who s aw ated to sccept that what he war working oa mat ‘eal aly the thermontat! Why’ wer Vell oxtreaed? With theca lupe of unformitaranism the ecualy would again become the obviously ‘uverifable and tis mus apply tall culos of ps ine bed Selly on physcal date for nsmpe the ap ofthe Earth i With hat of Caresanism sini exrapolitons ofthe geometeally measurable ato “outer pace” (ners! mactocoun) nt evaporate nto adoit brain: seiniag ‘ets neverthles suppose that the retance are eventually overcome sad uy to iain second tage of ranston, This most suey be scl rte of extreme depresion amounting in many quarts to despa. Cee. ‘anl f jel, frag generates, endear to focus on particle ssing-on athe point of tine where thal a ut have became neon fevable that thea of potter has dawned, am simply foe to envinge an spidemi of something Hk nervous beskowns, wth probs: iy some sles, within such sold ferro conformity as MLL. oF the Landon Scho! of Ezonomics and among thet sara ‘Tere willbe probs forthe many ay wll forthe ites. Andere ‘sem to se not so much depression or dep ar plo of total oa fusion. For example, what esac wl happen o popu sexoony a he zack stat and widen betwee habits of behavior and Babt of and? If becomes t mach a matter of common sens a the converse snow tht an India human beings unit of digty transcending birth and dent nd ota hanp of galvanized meat? Darwinism, dey and tough Frevditism as ben response forthe artis abstaton of "ex ftom gender or humanized sex. One's imagination bogs the con lon tht mast accompany any rg of ana ae oa ero on {oto tomething ike romance othe marcas ofr ids oc even wine ‘hing loge new;at th ncertities, the qualms, th ming, the ltd eos, the sagging self anurance Of periie soy, ait whole vat monkey eh of wy incaleated sensuality, masturbation, ‘everson, abortion hie felt fom school, uve, palmer, ‘res, and sometimes pulp, bei to subside Benet it fo. (he way and another there ran opportunity here fra good book a the gene of since ction by 2 cally maiatve wie, who shoud ‘ut in terms of conte event nd experiences th es Ihave mel) anced at and no doubt intoduce others need nt for iastance be a fumed, as Thave imply done, that th whale of aciety woul et, ‘Weaken, and espituste athe ame pce might Become arly dived The Coming Trauma of Materialism 199 ain af long the ine Tinted atin a tile inthis quart in the tints 0f1972, with consequent development of widespread dome {i cl se, In any cave the ondrin wich various ecllons of sooty ‘may ad to the new mindscpe woud be an intresting feature to work ‘ut Te humanities should in theory la the way’ bul isby 2 means x serxnty, Poly Iwere capable of wot sucha book ysl, high be tempted to depict the svat gde movements in art and Ute teres the tof lof the ine. Bocas ofr ince Marinet's hy to medias atthe tum ofthe century, tet whole alton dire bas been siappointedisderiip of culture advancing towards more and more ‘teil and more and more tesinology and because, when a marching clu ume abou, he vanguard stomatal becomes the ea gual ‘But Thope th ight nt Metin wl nt led che reader o teat lly specustions a aml exerci in eying Thay sentended more ‘rood fa society ie eal faced with string changes and Ily ie ‘inent ones (an there a good dal f evidence tat ous) it annot ‘eamiefor few people hate and thar fo be perng ahead, howe i- ‘sdequtely by way of preparation for ther, I mst adn conclusion tat Tega he spocaletions a applicable only toa open ocety- have no ‘ace nor am fsisently welaorne, to conde what ky to poe in Coehosloml or ehewhere Dein the on cut. Batt Took though, both bow and below the surface ofthe ers it coult ‘be very different rom anything hae eniaged er. Above, thy ave ther own way of dealing with denen vole nd sient poupe Be- low, the ference perhaps even pester, ei the weakness of mos of ‘ur own counterculture groups ta they evidently tink possible ‘ols or tame technology and is equa wheel eaiing material is in th ence of cour in whi Ihave been ug the erm, Ii the strength of Rosa’ ook tha it dees ot balk thi sue, though a sum Iehanles it setorcly ater tan actely. But ifthe iaformation wate thle rom Ostrander and Schroders deplotabl journalist Pryce Dis ‘vere behind the ron Cartan (1970) eae —and it seems tobe ‘elidocumented with reference unvered by mothe course they have ‘et demueles theres xsl the opposite. Tet backroom boys are ‘ite eady to abandon matron, provided they can malnain and even {stance ecology by dong so Reserch nto pat phenomena of nde, ‘ut paricully pychokines, a fom bung csredited a reactionary ‘mys, now belgesthusastcaly anced bythe state But the ‘earch scl tecnlopicl snd th al operation] not copa. ‘What matters isnt the nature and highest fnction of mental energy but200 Man, Society, nd God the problem of quantifying tmanipulable“pyshotonk.” In the way it isincidentallydsinfected of l plosophial pd moral inpitions tnd the tnuma of thermal solution may well be averted I, we shoul do sell to reflect thatthe presence among us of« powerfil impule no longs {o deny the slit but to impound i, rather no longer to doubt ut to deny it~ mater ar were the iat tl or aoe words totum fom theoretical opal zedvtonam, may be pregnant with the gravest posible consequences fr humanity a «whole. Participation and Isolation: A Fresh Light on Present Discontents Tapp everyone would ape hat oe ofthe particular ting we ob- sere hen we try to fake a general oak at the word art stodgy ia ‘wowing demand on alse and by every Kin of uaa being fort ‘eve share ia the contol of his owa ie and destiny Thiel wed to [ecalod “democracy,” and till someties , but it seems tobe Becoming ‘spyaent to more and moe people tt, although theresa eat del of| ‘nit alld democracy about there ste fany of tit tuted Ceatrl One eanifestaon of hs often noted, is the fc that on parte- Un oocson whee people do ave the opportanity to exerci thet ‘democrat rights, tat i at an eeton ether mung cr prlameatary, itisextraordinay ow vary few peopl taketh trovble ogo and do “Ector apathy" thas sometime been called. Aig out of ths eling| of dancin there tendency aowadays fo speak ls of "demoer- ("and more of “participation” ar belle am forthe hag that we ‘ugh to have but havea" got. Demands for paripation are herd every Irhere, avy onthe other sie ofthe Atztcaon thi td indo ‘Brouphout the woe, and Gey gow louder and lower. Some yar ago 1 ppose we rither thought we a done something towards participation ‘wea we converted an empl int a commonwealth; but | doubt whether ‘ery many simple czas ofthe Commonwealth coun fe themsees [tating mach more inthe control of heir own ves han they id ‘oder the Expl Mesnwh, a almest any deci we tun we gt the ‘Se demand, The manual and oer workin nduetry demand pari ation in the manager: eudents cal for patgtion isthe polcy ‘econ of thelr iver: women want fo parce he tactze| 201