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lala.malik12@outlook.com
MRT WWW.WIN2FARSI.COM
 Chapter One
Introduction
Introduction
Moni Mohsin is a Pakistani writer lives in London. She was born in Lahore, Pakistan. She got her early
education in Pakistan. She left Pakistan and went to England. She studied archaeology and anthropology
from Cambridge University.
She is a less known writer. Her publication includes four novels. The End of Innocence, Duty Free, The
Diary of social butterfly and Return of social butterfly. All the novels are written in Pakistani context. The
setting of the novel is Pakistan, Lahore. The novels are a satirical bring amusement and humor yet they
teach us a lesson.
The Novel Duty Free by Moni Mohsin portrays a social realism in her novel. It presents true depiction of
Pakistani society. It addresses the conflicts of class difference which lead to marriage issues. The
materialistic motives of characters in the novel shed light on the idea of getting wealthy for sustenance in
society.
Background of the study
Marriage is an important institution. If we take into account Pakistani society for upper class society
marriage is based on wealth. For them material things matter a lot. The novel is based on the theme of
marriage. The task of the protagonist is to find a suitable girl for his cousin Jonker. Her mum wants a
wealthy girl. For the family social status of the girl matters a lot. We will view this novel under the lens of
Marxism. The family that is portrayed in the novel for them wealth and status matters a lot. The girl
shumaila is rejected though jonker loves her because she is from lower class society.

Problem Statement
The researcher will tend to explore Marxist features, and under the lens of Marxist theory we
will explore the effects of marriage.People belongs to different classes and how norms and
beliefs of dominant class creates problems for lower class society. The behavior and attitude of
upper class towards lower class of the society.
Research questions
 What Marxist features are present in the novel?
 Do both classes are treated equally in the novel?
 How inequality and class discriminations affect the matrimonial issues?

Research Objectives
 Our research will highlight the oppression of upper class society towards lower class in a
capitalist society.
 The researcher will explore that to a larger extent dominant class ideologies are practiced
in the society.
 The economic issues, financial instability affects an important institution like marriage.
 Chapter two

Research Methodology

Nature of the study

This qualitative research study will analyze the text using Marxist perspective of the novel Duty
free by Moni Mohsin.This research study will also address marriage issues under the light of
Marxism.

Type of Data

The primary data for the research is the novel and secondary data will be articles, books and
journals.

Analytical Technique

Critical Discourse analysis (CDA) will be used to analyze the novel with Marxism. The critical
discourse analysis will focus on the thematic aspects with reference to Marxist theory.

The themes of novel can be marriage, class, family and money.

Marxist critical theory

"Marxism attempts to reveal the ways in which our socioeconomic system is the ultimate source
of our experience" (Tyson 277).

Karl Marx divides the society into different classes. The class is divided in to two groups exploiters or
bourgeoisie and proletariat or exploited. The proletariat are exploited by bourgeoisie because the
capitalists owns all the productions and hence the fate of the working class is under the hands of
exploiters. Once the upper class is overthrown by lower class there is a revolution. The tension, conflict
and contradiction prevails in the Marxist society and Marx says that there is always a conflict between
different classes The Communist Manifesto (1848).

According to another school of thought The Material Dialectic it focuses on the material realities and
socio economic system runs a society. Marxist’s theory states that as humans are material beings and their
life is product of financial conditions. Material conditions and historical norms crafts the society The
upper class society or the class that owns production therefore manipulates the institutions like marriage,
government art, education and politics.
References
Copp, David. "The Concept of a Society."
Ridenour, Jeremy & Ruth, Richard. (2014). Dialectical Materialism.
Brizee, Allen, et al. "Marxist criticism." Purdue Online Writing Lab (2010).