BIBLIOGRAPHY

Ahmad, Saeed, 2013. Applying Communicative Approach in Teaching English as a Foreign

Laugaege: A Case Study of Pakistan. Institute of International and cooperative
Education, Northeas Normal University, China.
Gay, L.R. 1981. Education Research. (Merrin Publisher Company)

Harmer, J. (2000). How to teach English. Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.

Bygate, M. (1998). “Theoretical Perspectives on Speaking”. Annual Review of Applied

Linguistics.
Hymes, D. H. (1972). On communicative competence. In C. J. Brumfit, & Johnson (Eds.).

(1972). On communicative competence. In C. J. Brumfit, & Johnson (Eds.).The

communicative approach to language teaching. Oxford University Press.
Idris, Rukmadhani. 2014. The Effeactiveness of Using Everyone is a Teacher here Method to
Increasse the Students’ Speaking Ability. Unpublished bachelor degree thesis.
Muhammadiyah University of Makassar.
Liao, X. (2000). Communicative language teaching innovation in China: Difficulties and
solutions. ERIC database, (ED443294). Retrieved form
http://www.eric.ed.gov/PDFS/ED443294.pdf
Lightbown, P. M. (1991). What have we here? Some observations on the influence of
instruction on L2 learning. In R. Phillipson, E. Kellerman, L. Selinker, M. Sharwood
Smith & M. Swain (Eds.), Foreign/L2 pedagogy: A
(1998). The importance of timing on focus on form. In C. Doughty & J. Williams
(Eds.), Focus on form in classroom second language acquisition (pp. 177–196).
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Lightbown, P. M., & Spada, N. (1990). Focus on form and corrective feedback in
communicative language teaching: Effects on L2. Studies in Second Language
Acquisition. commemorative volume for Claus Faerch (pp. 197–212). Philadelphia:
Multilingual Matters.
Littlewood, W. (1981). Communicative language teaching. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press.
(2000). Communicative language teaching: an introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press.
(2011). Communicative language teaching: an expanding concept for a hanging
world. In E. Hinkel (Eds.). Handbook of research in second language teaching and
learning. New York: Routledge.
Longman, 2004. Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English. (England: Pearson)
Nassaji, H. (2000). Towards integrating form-focused instruction and communicative
interaction in L2 classroom: Some pedagogical possibilities. The Modern Language
Journal, 84(2), 241–250.
Nurhayati,Siti. 2011. Teaching Speaking Skill Through Communicative Language Teaching.
Faculty Tarbiyah and Teachers’ Training. Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic
University Jakarta.
O’Malley, J.M., & Valdez Pierce, L.(1996). Authentic assessment for English language
learners: Practical approaches for teachers. New York: Addison-Wesley.
Prabhu, N. S. (1987). Second language pedagogy. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.

Richards, 2006.Communicative Language Teaching Today. Cambridge University Press.

Spada, N., & Lightbown, P. M. (1993). Instruction and the development of questions in the
L2 classroom. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 14, 205–221.
(2009). Interaction research in second/foreign language classrooms. In A. Mackey &
P. Charlene (Eds.), Multiple perspectives on interaction, (pp.157–175). New York,
NY: Routledge.
Sugiono. 2011. Metode Penelitian Pendidikan. Bandung. Alfabeta.

Vongxay, Hongkham. 2013. The Implementation of Communicative Language Teaching in

an English Department a LAO Higher Educational Institution. New Zealand. Unitec
Institution of Technology.