Conscious

 Mental life that is directly up available to us – what we

perceive at any given point in time. Places a minor role
in psychoanalytic theory – (Ideas has two direction)
- Perceptual Consciousness – what we perceive
through the sense organs.
- Ideas from pre-conscious and well-disguised
images from unconscious.

Pre- conscious
 Contains elements that are not conscious but can
become conscious either quite readily or with some
difficulty – (has two sources)
- Conscious perception – what a person perceives is
conscious for only a transitory period.
- Unconscious – Ideas/Images that slips past the
censorship and enter into the preconscious in
disguise form.

Unconscious
 Contains all those drives, urges, or instinct that beyond
our awareness, but it motivates most of our words,
feelings, and actions. (e.g., slips of tongue, dreams &
wishes)
- SIGMUND FREUD:
PSYCHOANALYSIS
 Latency Period – (suppression of sexual aim) – 4th or
5th year until puberty, both boys and girls usually go through a
period of dormant psychosexual development.
 Brought partly by parents attempts to punish or
discourage sexual activity in their young children. If
parental suppression is successful, children will repress
their sexual drive and direct their psychic energy toward
school, friendship, hobbies, and nonsexual activities.
Genital Period – Begins at puberty and continues
throughout individual’s life-time.
Maturity – A stage attained after a person has
passed through the earlier development periods in
an ideal manner.
 Psychological mature individuals – have a balance
among the structures of the mind, with their ego
controlling their ID and superego, but at the same time
allowing for reasonable desires and demands.
 ID – impulses would be expressed honestly and
consciously with no traces of shame and guilt.
 Superego – move beyond parental identification and
control with no remnants of antagonism or incest.
 Ego-ideal – realistic and congruent with their ego.
 Repressions of psychologically healthy individuals
would emerge in the form of sublimations.

 Reawakening of sexual aim and reproduction is possible.

 Adolescents give up eroticism and direct sexual energy
toward another person.
 Boys now see the female organ as a sought-after object
rather than source of trauma.
 Entire sexual drive takes o more complete organization.
 Phallic Phase – 3 to 4 years old the Genital area
becomes the leading erogenous zone. – this stage is marked
for the first time by a dichotomy between male and female
development. Male phallic phase
 To Freud “anatomy is destiny”  Male Oedipus complex – sexual desires towards the
 Suppression of masturbation – originates from oral
mother/hostility towards the father
stage, during the phallic stage it becomes universal,
however, it was repressed.  Castration complex – in the form of castration anxiety.
 Pre-Oedipal period – children develop feminine and - begins after a young boy becomes aware of the
masculine disposition.
absence of a penis on girls. - in the form of castration
anxiety.
 Castration Anxiety – fear of losing the penis – the
young boy is force to conclude that the girl has had her
Female phallic phase
penis cut-off as punishment for masturbation and
 Castration complex – in the form of penis envy. - girls seducing her mother. – anxiety becomes intolerable the
discover that boy possess something extra and become boy represses his impulses toward sexual activity,
envious, feel cheated and desire to have a penis.
including his sexual desires towards his mother. –
 Penis envy – often expressed as a wish to be a boy or a
desire to have a man. shatters Oedipus Complex
 Female Oedipus complex - develops as an attempt to  Identification with the father
obtain a penis (sexual desire for the father; hostility for
 Strong superego replaces the nearly completely
the mother).
 Gradual realization that the Oedipal desires are self- dissolved Oedipus complex.
defeating (losing the love of her mother and sexual
intercourse with father is not forthcoming)
 Identification with the mother
 Weak superego replaces the partially dissolved Oedipus
complex.
 Infantile Period – Infants posses a sexual life and go
Regression – During time of stress and anxiety, adults
through a period of pregenital sexual development during
may revert back to earlier, safer, more secure patterns of
behavior and to invest their libido onto more primitive and the first 4 to 5 years after birth.
familiar objects.
- Interest in genitals, delight in sexual pleasure, and
Projection – Seeing in others the unacceptable feelings or
manifest sexual excitement.
tendencies that actually reside in one’s own unconscious. –
extreme type of projection is paranoia. Mental disorder - Differs from adult in a way that childhood sexuality
characterized by powerful delusions of jealousy and was exclusively autoerotic and not capable of
persecution.
reproduction.
Introjection – People incorporate positive qualities of another - Both adult and children can satisfy Sexual impulses
person in their own ego. – people of any of age can reduce the
through organs other than genitals; erogenous
anxiety associated wit feelings of inadequacy by adopting or
introjecting the values, beliefs, and mannerism of other people. simulation – mouth and anus
 Divided into three phases – three primary erogenous
Sublimation – repression of the genital aim of Eros by
substituting a cultural or social aim. Sublimated aim is zones; Oral phase, anal phase, and phallic phase.
expressed most obviously in creative cultural accomplishments
such as: art, music, and literature, but more subtly, it is part of
all human relationship and all social pursuits.
During Oral and Anal phase, children of either gender
can develop an active or a passive orientation

- Active attitude often characterized by masculine

qualities of dominance and sadism
- Passive orientation is usually marked by the feminine
qualities of voyeurism and masochism.
 Oral phase – Mouth is the first organ to provide an infant
with pleasure.
- Infants obtain life-sustaining nourishment through the
oral cavity, but beyond that, they also gain pleasure
through the act of sucking.
- Sexual aim of early oral activity – incorporate or
receive into one’s own body the object choice – the
nipple.
(Oral-receptive phase) – infants feel no ambivalence
towards the pleasurable object and their needs are usually
satisfied with a minimum of frustrations and anxiety.
- Growing older – they likely to experience feelings of
frustrations and anxiety as a result of – scheduled
feedings, increased time lapses between feedings, and
eventually weaning. – accompanied by ambivalence
towards the mother and increasing ego to defend itself
against environment and anxiety
(Oral-sadistic phase) -Infants defense against the
environment is greatly aided by the emergence of teeth.
- Infants respond to others through biting, cooing,
closing their mouth, smiling, and crying.
- First autoerotic experience is thumb sucking, a
defense against anxiety that satisfies their sexual, but
not their nutritional needs.
Anal Phase – Anus emerges as a sexually pleasurable zone.
- This period is characterized by satisfaction gained through
aggressive behavior and through the excretory function. –
Sadistic-anal phase
- Divided into two – subphases (early and late anal)
(Early anal period) – children receive satisfaction by
destroying or losing object. Destructive nature of sadistic drive
is stronger than erotic one.
- Children often behaves aggressively towards their parents
for frustrating them with toilet training.
(Late anal period) – children take a friendly interest toward
their feces, an interest that stems from erotic pleasure of
defecating.
- People who grow into Anal character were overly resistant
to toilet training, often holding back their feces and
prolonging the time of training beyond the usual required. –
anal eroticism
- Narcissistic and masochistic pleasure lays the foundation of
anal character.
- Anal eroticism turns to Anal triad – orderliness,
stinginess, and obstinacy that typifies the adult anal
character.
- For girls, anal eroticism is carried over into penis envy
during the phallic phase.

Anxiety
- Only the ego can feel anxiety. But the ID, Superego, and
external world each are involved in one of three kinds of
anxiety – neurotic, moral, and realistic anxiety
- It is felt, affective, unpleasant state accompanied by physical
sensation that warns the person against impending danger.
- Allows the constantly vigilant ego to be alert for signs of threat
and danger.
The Ego’s dependence on the ID results in
Neurotic anxiety;
o Apprehension about unknown danger. The feeling itself
exists in the ego, but originates from ID impulses.
o Unconscious worry of losing control of the id's urges,
resulting in punishment for inappropriate behavior.  o For instance, if a vehicle suddenly began sliding out of control
o People may experience neurotic anxiety in the presence of
a teacher, employer, or some authority figure.
o During childhood, these feelings of hostility are often
accompanied by fear of punishment from parents and this
fear becomes generalized into unconscious.
The Ego’s dependence on Superego results in Moral
anxiety;
o Children establish superego at the age of 5 or 6
o It based on a feeling that one's internalized values are about to
be compromised. There is a fear of self-punishment (guilt) for
acting contrary to one's values.
o For instance, if a child believes that yielding to the temptations
would be morally wrong – such as sexual temptations.
o It may also result from the failure to to behave constantly with
what they regard as morally right.
The Ego’s dependence on Outer world results in Realistic
anxiety;
o Defined as unpleasant, nonspecific feeling; involving a possible
danger.
on an icy highway.
o Realistic anxiety is different from fear in that it does not
involve a specific fearful object.