Astrology Se 2

i
fpufkhw;wq;fs;> jir> Gj;jp> yf;fd gyd;> ,uhrp gyd;>

Nfhrhu gyd;. re;jpu uhrpg;gyd;. FU> rdp. uhF>NfJ khw;wg;
gyd; jpdg;gyd;. yf;fd tPL Kjy; 12 ghtq;fspy;
fpufq;fs; epw;Fk; gyd;> jpUkzg; nghUj;jk; Nghd;w
midj;ijAk; vOjpAs;shu;. rhjhuzkhd xU kdpjd;
,e;E}iyf; fw;Wg; Gupe;Jnfhs;syhk;. kpfTk; ,yFthd
nkhopeilapy; ,e;E}y; vOjg;gl;Ls;sJ.
tpiy :
tpepNahfk; : yq;fh Gj;jfrhiy

F.L. 1,14, la];gpNs];>
Fzrpq;fGu>
nfhOk;G -12
ii
vd;Diu
,Jtiu Ntjk;> cgepljq;fs;> jpUtUl;gad;> rptQhdNghjk;>
gjpndz; fPo;f;fzf;F E}y;fs;> gftj;fPij> ,jpfhr Guhzq;fisg;
gbj;J mjpy; cs;s jj;Jtq;fisr; rpWtu;fSk; Gupe;J nfhs;sf;
$bajhf fijfs; vOjpNdd;. mtw;wpy; Nrhjplk; rk;ge;jkhf
Vuhskhd jfty;fs; cs;sd. Guhz> ,jpfhr ehafu;fs;
fpufq;fspd; jhf;fj;jpdhy; gy ,d;dy;fis mDgtpj;Js;sdu;.
rptngUkhidf;$l FU gj;jpy; ,Ue;j NghJ gpr;irnaLf;f

itj;jhfg; Guhzq;fs; $Wfpd;wd. ,J Nghy #ud;> thyp>
,uhtzd;> mupr;re;jpud;> JupNahjdd;> ghz;ltu;fs;> jpnusgij>
esd; Nghd;Nwhiuf; fpufq;fs; Ml;bg; gilj;Js;sd.
jpUts;Stu; tpjp vd;w mjpfhuj;jpy; $wpa gj;Jf; Fws;fisAk;

tuyhw;W ehafu;fspd; tho;f;ifNahL xg;gpl;Lg; ghu;j;jhy;
fpufq;fspd; jd;ik Gupa tUk;. tpjp cjtp nra;ahtpl;lhy;
fw;wtu;fshy; jkJ Gyikia ntspg;gLj;j KbahJ. jdte;jdhy;
gzj;ij mDgtpf;f KbahJ. tuyhw;wpy; ngUk; ngUk; Gytu;fs;
khdkpoe;J> mbikg;gl;L> mtkhdg;gl;l tuyhWfisg; ghu;j;jhy;
mJ tpjpapd; nrayhfj;jhd; ,Uf;Fk;. xU fhyj;jpy; fk;gd;>
fhspjhru;> fhsNkfk; Nghd;w ngUk; ngUk; Gytu;fs; ngUk;
mtkhdg;gl;ldu;. mjw;Ff; fhuzk; tpjp. tpjp vd;gJ fpufkhw;wk;.
ek;Kd;Ndhu; cyfpy; cs;s vy;yhtw;iwAk; Muha;e;J KbTfisf;
$wpAs;sdu;. mtu;fs; $wpAs;sjw;F Nkyhf ,d;iwa
tpQ;Qhdpfs; vijAk; $wtpy;iy. ,d;Dk; Mapuk; tUlq;fSf;Fg;
gpd; epfog;NghFk; fpufzq;fs;> G+kp mjpu;r;rpfs;>Gay;fs;>
nts;sg;ngUf;Ffs; gw;wp gy Mapuk; Mz;LfSf;F Kd;Ng
$wptpl;ldu;.,jd;gb G+kpiaj; jtpu;e;j ve;jf; fpufq;fspYk; capu;fs;
,y;iy. mq;F capu;fs; tho KbahJ vd;Wk; $wpAs;sdu;.
iii
kdpjdpd; tho;tpy; gy Mapuk; gpur;rpidfs; te;J Nghfpd;wd.
mit ahTk; fpuf khw;wj;jhy; jhd; te;J Jd;gj;ijAk;
,d;gj;ijAk; khwpkhwpj; jUfpd;wd vd;W epidj;jhy; kdf;Fog;gk;>
ntWg;G> epk;kjpf;FiwT vd;gd tukhl;lhJ. vdJ tho;tpy; gy;NtW
gpur;rpidfs; te;jd. ehd; fLikahf cioj;Njd;. fy;tpf;fhf
capiuAk; nfhLj;Njd;. mijf; fy;tpg;Gyk; rhu;e;j ahUk;
kjpf;ftpy;iy. cupa kjpg;Gj; jutpy;iy. mjpfhupfs; jhk;
tpUk;gpatu;fSf;Fk;> jkJ kidtp> kf;fs; ,dj;jtu;fs;
tpUk;gpatu;fSf;FNk gjtpfisf; nfhLj;jdu;. mjdhy;jhd;
aho;g;ghzj;jpd; fy;tpj;juk; tPo;r;rpaile;jJ. ehd; epk;kjpia ,oe;J
Jd;gg;gl;Nld;. gyiuf; Fiw $wpNdd;. gyUld;
gpur;rpidg;gl;Nld;. ,g;Ngh ,e;E}iy vOjpa gpd;G jhd; kdf;Fog;gk;
ePq;fpaJ. ts;Std; $wpa tpjpnad;w fpufkhw;wk;; jhd; kdpj
elj;ijfisAk; Nkk;ghLfisAk; nra;tpf;fpwJ. vd;W Gupe;J
nfhz;Nld;. ,d;gkhd rk;gtq;fs; ele;j fhyq;fisAk; Jd;gkhd
rk;gtq;fs; ele;j fhyq;fisAk; vz;zpg; ghu;j;j NghJ mit
tpsq;fpd. 1985>2001>2006Mk; Mz;Lfs; kpfkpf ey;y
Mz;Lfshf mike;jd. me;j Mz;Lfs; gy Kf;fpa rk;gtq;fs;
eilngw;wd. ,d;gkhd rk;gtq;fSk; Jd;gkhd rk;gtq;fSk;
eilngw;w fhyg;gFjpia Muha;e;j NghJ mf;fhyj;jpy; vdJ
rhjfj;jpy; fpufq;fs; cs;s epiyjhd; mjw;Ff; fhuzkhapd vd;W
,g;NghJ GupfpwJ.
vdJ rhjfj;jpy; cs;s fpuf epiyg;gb ehd; ,Jtiu cyfpy;

tho;e;jtu;fs; vOjhj> Gjpa Gjpa ,yf;fpaf;fis vOJNtd; vd;Wk;>
mit vOj thrpf;fj; njupe;jtu;fSf;Fg; ngUk; tug;gpurhjkhf
mikAk; vd;Wk;> mjdhy; jkpOk;> rkaKk; ngUk; vOr;rp ngWk;
vd;Wk; Nrhjplu;fs; $wpdu;. ,g;NghJ mJ cz;iknad;W njupfpwJ.
gftj;fPij> jpUtUl;gad;> rptQhdNghjk;> rka jj;Jtq;fs;>
gjpndz;fPo;f; fzf;F E}y;fs; midj;Jk; nghUj;jkhd
fijfshf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ,J> ,Jtiu elthj xd;W. ,d;W
,it ahTk; vOj thrpf;fj; njupe;j midtUf;Fk; tpsq;Fk;.
iv
mj;Jld; ,t; ,yf;fpaq;fs; ,Uf;Fk; tiu ,f;fijfSk; ,Uf;Fk;.
gftj;fPij> jpUtUl;gad; vd;gtw;Wf;fhd fijfs; kpfTk;
rpwg;ghdit. nghUj;jkhdit vd;;W gyUk; $wpAs;sdu;. mjdhy;
vdJ ,yf;fpaq;fs; rhfh tuk; ngw;wit. gftj;fPij mope;jhy;
jhd; vdJ gftj;fPijf;fhd fijfSk; mopAk;. vdJ Mf;fq;fs;
ahTk; epue;jukhdit. mit kdpjd; cs;stiu ,Ue;J vdJ
ngaiur; nrhy;Yk;. ,d;W vdJ ,yf;fpaq;fis tpku;rpg;ghupy;iy.
mjw;Ff; fhuzk;. jj;Jtq;fSf;Ff; fijfs; nghUe;Jkh vd;w gak;.
mLj;jJ vdJ Mf;fq;fis tpku;rpf;f Mapuf;fzf;fhd E}y;fisf;
fw;f Ntz;Lk;. 3000 ghly;fisf; nfhz;l jpUke;jpuj;jpw;Nf fij
vOJfpNwd;. mJ re;epjpahd; Mr;rpuk ntspaPlhd Qhdr;Rlupy;
njhlu;e;J ntsptUfpwJ. jpUts;Stu; khiyapy; cs;s ghly;fis
vOjpa Gytu;fs; gyu; gpugykpy;yhjtu;fs;. mtu;fspd; Mf;fq;fs;
vitAk; ,d;W ,y;iy. Mdhy; mtu;fs; jpUts;Stu; khiyahy;
tho;fpd;whu;fs;. mJ Nghyj;jhd; ,d;W vdJ E}y;fis
tpku;rpj;jtu;fs; gy;yhapuk; Mz;Lfspd; gpd;Gk; Ngrg;gLtu;.mJ
Nghy vdJ fy;tpr; nraw;ghLfSk; Ngrg;gLk;. vdJ fy;tpr;
nraw;ghLfs; gw;wp tpupthf vdJ E}y;fspy; vOjpAs;Nsd;. ,it
gw;wp ,e;E}y; vOjf;fhuzk; vd;dntd;why; ,d;E}y; jkpou; thOk;
tPLfspy; vy;yhk; vd;Wk; ,Uf;Fk; vd;w ek;gpf;if vdf;Fz;L.
fpufq;fspd; efu;itf; nfhz;L mit kdpjUf;Ff; nfhLf;fg;NghFk;
,d;gJd;gq;fis Qhdpfs; jkJ mDgtj;jpw;F vl;bathWk;> rupj;jpu
Guhz> ,jpfhr ehafu;fspd; tho;f;ifiaf; nfhz;Lk;
fzpj;jpUf;fpwhu;fs;. Nrhjplk; xU fzpjk;. fzpj Kiwg;gb fzpjk;
fw;gijg; Nghd;W NrhjplKk; fzpj Kiwg;gb fzpf;fg;gLfpwJ.
,uhFk; NfJTk; rhahf;fpufq;fs;. Mjp fhyj;jpy; ,t;tpuz;L
fpufq;fSk; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gltpy;iy. VO fpufq;fisf; nfhz;Nl
Nrhjplk; fzpf;fg;l;lJ. tuhfkpj;jpud; vd;w Nrhjplu; 6000
tUlq;fSf;F Kd; vOjpa „gpufj; [hjfk;‟ vd;w E}ypy; uhF
NfJf;fisg; gw;wpf; Fwpg;gpltpy;iy. mjd; gpd;G jhd; ,uhF
NfJf;fs; Nru;f;fg;gl;ld. ,f;fpufq;fs; ve;j uhrpapy; cs;sdNth
v
my;yJ ve;jf; fpufj;NjhL $bAs;sdNth mf;fpufq;fspd; efu;itf;
nfhz;Ljhd; gyhgyd;fs; fzpf;fg;gLfpwJ.
xd;gJ fpufq;fisf;nfhz;L gyd;fisf; fzpj;jNghJk; ,iwtd;

kdpjDf;Ff; nfhLj;j %isiaf; nfhz;L ,tw;wpd; gyd;fisf;
fl;Lg;gLj;jyhk;. ,iwtd; kdpjDf;Fr; rfy ty;yikfisAk;
nfhLj;Js;shd;. mtd; nfhLj;j %isahy; vijAk; ed;F Ma;T
nra;J gyhgyd;fis czu;e;J nraw;gl;lhy; kdpjDf;Fj; Jd;gNk
tuhJ. flTs; gf;jpAk;> xOf;fkhd tho;Tk; jhd ju;kq;fSk;
fpufq;fspd; jhf;fj;ijg; gbg;gbahff; Fiwj;J ,y;yhky; nra;Ak;.
kdpjDf;Fg; giftu;fs; gyu; ,Uf;fpwhu;fs;. mJ Nghy

ez;gu;fSk; ,Uf;fpwhu;fs;. giftNdhL gifj;jhy; NfL cz;lhFk;.
ez;gu;fNshL Kuz;gl;lhy; jPik Vw;glhtpl;lhYk; ed;ik
fpilf;fhJ. ,J Nghd;wJ jhd; fpuf epiyAk;. fpufq;fs; giff;Fk;
NghJ mtw;iwg; gpuPjpg;gLj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. mg;gbg; gpuPjpg;gLj;jpdhy;
jPikfs; FiwAk;. vjpupia vjpupahf epidf;fhJ md;G fhl;bdhy;
mtd; ed;ik nra;ahtpl;lhYk; jPik nra;ahd;. gl;lzj;jpy; gyu;
tu;j;jf epiyaq;fis itj;jpUf;fpd;wdu;. xNu nghUis xNu
tpiyapy; vy;NyhUk; tpw;whYk; xU rpyupd; filfspy; jhd;;
tpahghuk; XNfhntd;W elf;fpwJ. ,jw;Ff; fhuzk; mtu;fsJ fpuf
epiy> xUtupd; rhjfj;jpy; re;jpDf;F 6>7>8 Mk; tPLfspy;
Rgf;fpufq;fshd FU> Gjd;> Rf;fpud; xd;whfNth jdpj;jdpahfNth
,Ue;jhy; gzk; nfhl;Lk;. ,J Nghyr; re;jpuDf;F 8Mk; my;yJ
12Mk; tPl;by; FU ,Ue;jhy; ngUq;f\;lq;fs; Vw;gLk;. FUTld;
uhF>NfJ my;yJ rdp Nru;e;jpUe;jhy; rhjfd; kjg;gw;wpy;yhjtdhf
,Ug;ghd;. ,tu;fsJ fpufq;fspd; Nru;f;ifNa gyd;fisf;
nfhLf;fpwJ.
ehd; ehtyu; jkpo; tpj;jpahyaj;jpy; mjpguhf 16 Mz;Lfs;

flikahw;wpa gpd; ey;Y}u;f; Nfhl;lf;fy;tpg; gzpg;ghsuhfg; gjtp
Vw;W Xa;T ngw;w gpd; ehd; tPzhf ehtyu; jkpo; tpj;jpahyaj;jpy;
vi
flikahw;wpAs;Nsd; vd;W Jd;gg;gLtJz;L. Mdhy; mf;fhyj;jpy;
mUikahd ,dpa mDgtq;fisg; ngw;Nwd;. mit jhd; ,d;Wk;
vd; kdij ,dpf;fg;gz;Zfpd;wd. mJTk; tpjpjhd; vdJ E}y;fs;
jkpo;ehl;L MjPdq;fshYk;> gy;fiyf; fofq;fshYk; rpwg;ghdit
vd;W $wg;gl;l NghJk; ,yq;ifapy; ve;j tpUNjh gl;lNkh
fpilf;ftpy;iy. ,q;F jkf;F Ntz;batu;fSf;F kl;Lk; jhd;
tpUJfs; gl;lq;fs; nfhLf;fpwhu;fs;. mJTk; tpjpjhd;.
1872Mk; Mz;L MWKfehtyu; gUj;jpj;Jiw tPjpahy;

tlkuhl;rpf;Fr; nrd;W te;jNghJ Nfhg;ghapy; rpWtu;fs;
ghlrhiyf;Fr; nry;yhJ tPjpfspy; miye;J jpuptijf; fz;L
kdk;tUe;jp xU ghlrhiyia mikj;jhu;. mg;ghlrhiyiag; gw;wpa
jfty;fs; vijAk; MjhuG+u;tkhf mwpaKbatpy;iy. vdJ
ghl;ldhu; 1900 Mk; Mz;lstpy; ehtyu; tpj;jpahyaj;jpy; fy;tp
fw;wtu;. vdJ je;ijahUk; jhahUk; ehtyu; tpj;jpahyaj;jpNyNa
fy;tp fw;wdu;. ehDk; fy;tp fw;Nwd;. mjd;gpd; 1989Mk; Mz;L
mjpguhf mt; tpj;jpahyaj;jpy; flikNaw;Nwd;. Mdhy; mjw;F
Kd;ida jfty;fs; vJTk; fpilf;ftpy;iy. mijtpl ehd; ehtyu;
tpj;jpahyj;ijg; gw;wpf;Nfs;tpg;gl;ltw;iw vdJ E}y;fspy;
vOjpAs;Nsd;. mj;Jld; ehtyupd; rpiyiag; ghlrhiyapy;
mikj;Js;Nsd;.
ehtyu; jkpo; tpj;jpahyaj;jpy; vdJ Nritf; fhyj;jpy; Gfo;G+j;j

Mrpupiaahf ,Ue;jtu; jpUkjp..n[akzp rw;Fzghyd;.
ngaUf;Nfw;wJ Nghy ve;jf; fUkj;ijf; nfhLj;jhYk; ntw;wpailar;
nra;gtu;. mj;Jld; rfy ew;Fzq;fisAk; nfhz;l Foe;ij kdk;
nfhz;ltu;. rq;fPjk;> eldk;> ehlfk;. clw;gapw;rp> tpQ;Qhdk;
Nghd;w Jiwfspy; khztu;fisg; gapw;Wtpj;J Nfhl;lk;> tyak;>
khtl;lk;> khfhzk; mfpy ,yq;if uPjpapy; gupRfs; ngw itj;jtu;.
CDwf;fk; ,y;yhJ> ,uT gfy; ghuhJ jd;idg; ghlrhiyf;F
mu;g;gzpj;jtu;. ,tiug; Nghd;wnjhU Mrpupaiuf; fhzKbahJ.
rfyfyh ty;ytuhd mtu; vd;NdhL 01.10.1989 Mk; Mz;L
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ehtyu; jkpo; tpj;jpahyaj;jpw;F ,lkhw;wk; ngw;W te;J 02.12.2013
Mk; Mz;L Xa;T ngWfpwhu;. Kaw;rpAk;> Nrit kdg;ghq;Fk;>
md;Gk;> kfpo;r;rpAk;> gpwu;f;FjTk; gz;GfSk; nfhz;l mtupd;
vjpu;fhyk; rpwg;Gf;fs; kpFe;jjhf ,Uf;Fk;.
,e;E}y; xU kdpjdpd; tho;ehl; gyd; KOtijAk; $WfpwJ.

mg;gyid vg;gb mwpe;J nfhs;tnjd;Wk; $wg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,jd;gb
xUtd; jdJk; jdJ FLk;gj;jpdJk; tho;ehspy; eilngWk;
gyd;fis mwpa KbAk;. ,e;E}iy fzdp kag;gLj;jp je;j jpUkjp.
nfsryh ehfuh[Df;Fk; ,e;E}iy cynfq;Fk; tpw;gid nra;J jUk;
yq;fh Gj;jfrhiy cupikahsu; jpU.fe;jrhkp uhN[e;jpud;
mtu;fSf;Fk; ed;wp $wpf;nfhs;fpNwd;. vdJ E}y;fis
www.gunasegaram.com vd;w ,izaj;js Kftupapy;
ghu;itaplyhk;. vdJ E}y;fs; midj;ijAk; yq;fh Gj;jfrhiyapy;
ngw;Wf;nfhs;syhk;.
Fzk; gjpg;gfk;> Nf.tp. FzNrfuk;
gps;isahu; Nfhtpyb> Nfhl;lf;fy;tpg;
gzpg;ghsu;
Nfhg;gha; kj;jp> Nfhg;gha;>
(Xa;T epiy)
=yq;fh.
viii
ekr;rptha tho;f ehjd;jhs; tho;f
,ikg;nghOJk; vd;neQ;rpd; ePq;fhjhd; jhs;tho;f
Nfhfop Mz;l FUkzpjd; jhs;tho;f
,yq;ifj; jkpowpQuhfpa jpUthsu; Nf.tp. FzNrfuk; mtu;fs;

jpUtUl;gad; rhj;jpuk; Fwpj;Jk;. khia Fwpj;Jk; fijfSld; $ba
tpsf;fq;fs; je;J e}y;fs; ntspapl;bUg;gJ fz;L kfpo;r;rp
milfpd;Nwhk;.
mupa jj;Jtf; fUj;Jf;fis fijfs; %ykhf tpsf;fp

vspjhf;FtJk;> kdjpy; epiyahfj; jq;fpl toptFg;gJk; ghuhl;Lf;Fupa
Kaw;rp. gy ,lq;fspy; fijfSk;> fUj;Jf;fSk; nghUj;jKw
mike;Js;sd. El;gkhd jj;Jtq;fisg; gbg;gbahf tpsf;fpj;
njspthf;Ftjpy; E}yhrpupau; jpwik kpf;ftuhf tpsq;Ffpwhu;. NkYk;
Muha;e;J Jzpa Ntz;ba nra;jpfSk; cs;sd.,yq;ifj; jkpowpQu;
jpUthsu; Nf.tp. FzNrfuk; mtu;fspd; irtj; jkpo;g;gzpfs;
Nkd;NkYk; rpwe;J jiof;f Ntz;Lnkd ekJ topgL flTshfpa
mUs;kpF Qhdg;ngUq;$j;jd; jpUtb kyu;fis rpe;jpj;J
tho;j;JfpNwhk;.
,izg;G: jpUePw;Wr; nry;tk;.
rPu;tsrPu; rptg;gpufhr Njrpaf gukhr;rhupa Rthkpfs;

jpUthtLJiw Mjpdk;.
ix
kPdk; Nk\k; up\gk; kpJdk;
G+ul;lhjp 4k; mr;Rtpdp fhu;j;jpif 2>3>4k; kpUfrPUlk; 3>
ghjk; guzp ghjk; 4k; ghjk;
cj;jpul;lhjp fhu;j;jpif 1k; Nuhfpzp jpUthjpiu
Nutjp ghjk; kpUfrPuplk; 1>2k; Gdu;G+rk; 1>2>3k;
ghjk; ghjk;
Fk;gk; flfk;
mtpl;lk; 3>4k; Gdu;G+rk; 4k;
ghjk; ghjk;
rjak; G+rk;
G+ul;lhjp 1>2>3k; uhrp Mapy;ak;
ghjk;
kz;lyk;
kfuk; rpk;kk;
cj;jpuhlk; 2>3>4k;
ghjk; kfk;
jpUNthzk; G+uk;
mtpl;lk; 1>2k; cj;juk; 1k; ghjk;
ghjk;
jDR tpUr;rpfk; Jyhk; fd;dp

%yk; tprhfk; 4k; ghjk; rpj;jpiu 3>4k; cj;juk; 2>3>4k;
G+uhlk; mD\k; ghjk; ghjk;
cj;jpuhlk; 1k; Nfl;il Rthjp mj;jk;
ghjk; tprhfk; 1>2>3k; rpj;jpiu 1>2k;
ghjk; ghjk;
uhrpfs; - 12
1. Nk\k; 7. Jyhk;
2. up\gk; 8. tpUr;rpfk;
3. kpJdk; 9. jDR
4. flfk; 10.kfuk;
5. rpk;kk; 11.Fk;gk;
6. fd;dp 12.kPdk;
el;rj;jpuq;fs; - 27
1. m];tpdp 15. Rthjp
2. guzp 16. tprhfk;
3. fhu;j;jpif 17. mD\k;
4. Nuhfpzp 18. Nfl;il
x
5. kpUfrPuplk; 19. %yk;
6. jpUthjpiu 20. G+uhlk;
7. Gdu;G+rk; 21. cj;jpuhlk;
8. G+rk; 22. jpUNthzk;
9. Mapy;ak; 23. mtpl;lk;
10. kfk; 24. rjak;
11. G+uk; 25. G+ul;lhjp
12. cj;juk; 26. cj;jpul;lhjp
13. mj;jk; 27. Nutjp
14. rpj;jpiu
fpufq;fspd; jj;Jtq;fs;
#upad;> nrt;tha;> FU – Mz;fpufq;fs;

re;jpud;> Rf;ud;> uhF - ngz; fpufq;fs;
Gjd;
rdp - mypf;fpufq;fs;
NfJ
fpu`q;fspd; uj;jpdq;fs;
#upad; - khzpf;fk;
re;jpud; - Kj;J
nrt;tha; - gtsk;
Gjd; - gr;ir
FU - G\;guhfk;
Rf;ud; - ituk;
rdp - ePyk;
uhF - NfhNkjfk;
NfJ - it^u;ak;
xi
fpufq;fspd; J}gjPgk;
#upad; -re;jzk;
re;jpud; - rhk;gpuhzp
nrt;tha; - Fq;fpypak;
Gjd; - fw;G+uk;
FU - Mk;gy;
Rf;ud; - ytq;fk;
rdp - fUq;fhyp
uhF - fLF
NfJ - nrk;kuk;
fpufq;fspd; thfdq;fs;
#upad; - kapy;>Nju;
re;jpud; - Kj;J> tpkhdk;
nrt;tha; - md;dk; nrk;Nghj;J>Nrty;
Gjd; - Fjpiu> eup
FU - ahid
Rf;ud; - fUld;> Fjpiu> khL> tpkhdk;
rdp - fhf;if> vUik
uhF - ML
NfJ - rpk;kk;
fpuf kiwT ];jhdq;fs;

#upad;> nrt;tha;> rdp> uhF> NfJ – yf;dj;Jf;F 8>
12y; ,Ue;jhy; kiwT.
re;jpud;> Gjd;> FU – yf;dj;Jf;F 3>6>8>12y; ,Ue;jhy;
kiwT
fpufq;fs; uhrpapy; rQ;rupf;Fk; fhy msTfs;
#upad; xt;nthU uhrpapYk; 1 khjk; rQ;rupg;ghd;.
re;jpud; xt;nthU uhrpapYk; 2 ¼ ehs; rQ;rupg;ghd;.
nrt;tha; xt;nthU uhrpapYk; 1 ½ khjq;fs; rQ;rupg;ghd;
xii
Gjd; xt;nthU uhrpapYk; 1 khjk; rQ;rupg;ghd;.
FU xt;nthU uhrpapYk; 1 tUlk; rQ;rupg;ghd;.
rdp xt;nthU uhrpapYk; 2 ½ tUlq;fs; rQ;rupg;ghd;.
uhF xt;nthU uhrpapYk; 1 ½ tUlq;fs; rQ;rupg;ghd;.
NfJ xt;nthU uhrpapYk; 1 ½ tUlq;fs; rQ;rupg;ghd;.
Rf;ud; xt;nthU uhrpapYk; 1 khjk; rQ;rupg;ghd;.
(tf;uk;> mjprhuk;> ];jk;gdk; fhuzkhf uhrpapy; rQ;rhu
fhy msTfs; khWk;)
fpufq;fspd; Ml;rp> cr;rk;> ePrk;> %yjpupNfhzk;

fpufk; Ml;rp cr;rk; ePrk; %yjpupNfhz
k;
#upad; rpk;kk; Nk\k; Jyhk; rpk;kk;
re;jpud; flfk; up\gk; tpUr;rpf up\gk;
k;
nrt;th Nklk;
a; tpUr;rpf kfuk; flfk; Nk\k;
k;
Gjd; kpJdk; fd;dp kPdk; fd;dp
fd;dp
FU jDR flfk; kfuk; jDR
kPdk;
Rf;ud; up\gk; kPdk; fd;dp Jyhk;
Jyhk;
rdp kfuk; Jyhk; Nk\k; Fk;gk;
Fk;gk;
uhF fd;dp up\gk; tpUr;rpf upgk;
k;
NfJ kPdk; tpUr;rpf up\gk; tpUr;rpfk;
k;
fpufq;fspd; el;G tPLfs;
xiii
#upad; - tpUr;rpfk;> jDR> flfk;> kPdk;
re;jpud; - kpJdk;> rpk;kk;> fd;dp
nrt;tha; - rpk;kk;> jDR> kPdk;
Gjd; - up\gk;> rpk;kk;> Jyhk;
FU - Nk\k;> rpk;kk;> fd;dp> tpUr;rpfk;
Rf;ud; - kpJdk;> jDR> kfuk;> Fk;gk;
rdp - up\gk;> kpJdk;
uhF>NfJ - kpJdk;>fd;dp>Jyhk;>jDR>kfuk;>kPdk;
fpufq;fspd; gif tPLfs;

#upad; - up\gk;> kfuk;> Fk;gk;
nrt;tha; - kpJdk;> fd;dp
Gjd; - flfk;> tpUr;rpfk;
FU - up\gk;> kpJdk;> Jyhk;
Rf;ud; - flfk;> rpk;kk;> jDR
rdp - flfk;> rpk;kk;> tpUr;rpfk;
uhF>NfJ - flfk;> rpk;kk;
re;jpud; - vy;yh tPLfSk; el;G (gif fpilahJ)
fpufq;fspd; ghu;it
vy;yh fpufq;fSk; jhd; ,Uf;Fk; ,lj;jpypUe;J 7 tJ
tPl;ilg; ghu;g;ghu;fs;.
nrt;tha;> jhd; ,Uf;Fk; ,lj;jpypUe;J 4>7>8 Mk;
tPLfisg; ghu;f;Fk; jd;ik cz;L. (4ck;> 8ck; tpNr\g;
ghu;it)
FU> jhd; ,Uf;Fk; ,lj;jpypUe;J 5>7>9Mk; tPLfisg;
ghu;g;ghu; (5ck;>9ck; tpNr\g; ghu;it)
rdp> jhd; ,Uf;Fk; ,lj;jpypUe;J3>7>10 Mfpa tPLfisg;
ghu;g;ghu;fs;. (3k;>10k; tpNr\g; ghu;it)
fpufq;fspd; khu;;f;fk;
#upad;> re;jpud;> nrt;tha;> FU> rdp> Gjd;> Rf;ud;
Mfpa 7fpufq;fSk; uhrpiag; gpuj~pzkhfr; Rw;wp
tUthu;fs;. (Clockwise)
xiv
uhFTk;> NfJTk; vjpu;g;Gwkhfr; rQ;rhuk; nra;thu;fs;
(Anti – Clockwise)
mLj;j uhrpfspd; ghu;it
fpufq;fs; xU ,uhrpapy; rQ;rupj;jgpd; mLj;j
uhrpf;F khWthu;fs;. mg;gb khWKd; mLj;j uhrpf;Fupa
gyidr; rhjfu;fSf;Ff; nfhLj;fj; njhlq;Ftu;.
#upad; - 5 ehl;fSf;F Kd;Gk;>
Gjd;>Rf;fpud; - 7 ehl;fSf;F Kd;Gk;
nrt;tha; - 8 ehl;fSf;F Kd;Gk;
FU - 2 khjq;fSf;F Kd;Gk;
uhF>NfJ - 3 khjq;fSf;F Kd;Gk;
rdp - 6 khjq;fSf;F Kd;Gk; gyd;
nfhLf;fj; njhlq;Ftu;.
Gj;jp> me;juk;
rhjfUf;F xU jir elf;Fk; NghJ xd;gJ
fpufq;fSk; jdpj;jdpahfg; gyd; jUthu;fs;. ,ijf;
fpufq;fspd; jir> Gj;jp tpguk; vd;ghu;fs;.
jir
jir vd;gJ kdpjdpd; tho;ehspy; fpufq;fs; Ml;rp
nrYj;Jk; fhy msthFk;. jPu;f;fhAs; cila xUtu; 120
tUlq;fs; tho;thndd;W Nrhjpl E}y;fSk;> Ntjq;fSk;
$Wfpd;wd. ,e;j 120 tUl tho;tpy; xd;gJ fpufq;fSk;
tupirf; fpukkhfg; gyd; nfhLf;Fk;. ,Ue;jNghJk;
,f;fpufq;fs; Nrhjpl tpjpfSf;Nfw;gNt fhy msitf;
nfhz;bUf;Fk;.
fpufq;fs; Ml;rp nrYj;Jk; fhy msT
fpufk; tUlq;fs;
1 NfJ 07
2 Rf;fpud; 20
3 #upad; 06
4 re;jpud; 10
5 nrt;tha; 07
xv
6 uhF 18
7 FU 16
8 rdp 19
9 Gjd; 17
Kjy; jir
[hjfDila gpwe;j el;rj;jpuj;ij itj;J Kjy;
jir fzf;fplg;gLk;. xUtu; jpUNfhz el;rj;jpuj;jpy;
gpwe;jhy; re;jpu jir Muk;gkhFk;. mJ Nghy Mapypa
el;rj;jpuj;jpy; gpwe;jhy; Gjd; jir Muk;gkhFk;. mjd;
gpd;NkYs;s tupirg;gb jir njhlq;Fk;. jpUNfhzj;jpy;
gpwe;jtUf;F re;jpu jir Kbar; nrt;tha; jir
Muk;gkhFk;. mjd;gpd; uhF jir Muk;gkhFk;. gpd;
tupirf;fpukg;gb nry;Yk;.
jiria mwpAk; tpjk;

27 el;rj;jpuq;fisAk; Nrhjpl E}yhrpupau;fs; xd;gJ
gpupTf;Fs;mjhtJ xd;gJfpufq;fSf;Fs; mlf;fpAs;sdu;.
,J tupirf;fpukg;gb gpupj;jjy;y. tupirahf xd;gJ
fpuq;fSf;Fk; el;rj;jpuq;fisf; nfhLj;Jg; gpd; gj;jhtJ
el;rj;jpuj;ij KjyhtJ fpufj;jpw;Ff; nfhLj;Js;sdu;.
mjd; tpguk; ,J:

el;rj;jpuq;fs; jir
1 mr;Rtpdp>kfk;> %yk; NfJ
2 guzp>G+uk;>G+uhlk;> Rf;fpud;
3 fhu;j;jpif>cj;jpuk;>cj;juhlk; #upad;
4 Nuhfpdp>mj;jk;>jpUNthzk; re;jpud;
5 kpUfrPuplk;>rpj;jpiu>mtpl;lk; nrt;tha;
6 jpUthjpiu>Rthjp>rjak; uhF
7 Gdu;G+rk;>tprhfk;>G+ul;lhjp> FU
8 G+rk;>mDrk;>cj;jul;lhjp> rdp
9 Mapypak;>Nfl;il>Nutjp Gjd;
xvi
mr;Rtpdp>kfk;>%yk;> Mfpa el;rj;jpuq;fspy; gpwe;j
rhjfUf;F NfJ jir Muk;gkhfpwJ. ,t;tpjk;
mLj;jjLj;j el;rj;jpuf;$l;lq;fspy; gpwe;jtu;fSf;F
me;j el;rj;jpuf; $l;lj;jpw;Fupa fpufj;jpd; jir
Muk;gkhFk;. ,j;jir Muk;gkhdhy; mj;jirf;Fupa
KOf;fhyj;jpw;Fk; ,Uf;fkhl;lhJ. jpUNfhzj;jpy; gpwe;j
xUtu; re;jpu jirapy; cs;s gj;J tUlq;fisAk;
mDgtpf;f KbahJ. Vnddpy; jpUNfhz el;rj;jpuj;jpy;
gpwg;gtu; me;j el;rj;jpuk; Muk;gkhd Kjy;
tpehbapNyNa gpwe;jhy; jhd; KOg;gyidAk;
mDgtpg;ghu;. ,J ngUk;ghYk; eilngWtJ ,y;iy.
el;rj;jpuk; Muk;gkhd gpd; 60 ehopiffs; cs;s ehspy;
30 ehopif fopj;Jg; gpwe;jhy; mtdJ jirf;fhyk;
miuthrp FiwtilAk;. ,jd;gb mtd; re;jpu jiria
Ie;J tUlq;fNs mDgtpg;ghd;. mjd; gpd; nrt;tha;
jirAk;> mjd; gpd; uhF jiriaAk; mDgtpg;ghd;.
,jw;F [dd fhy jrhNr\k; vd;W ngau;. jiriaf;
fzpf;Fk; NghJ rhjfupd; rhjfj;ijg; ghu;j;J re;jpu
kfhjirapy; nfu;g;g fhyk; ePq;fp ,Ug;Gf; fhyk; gw;wp
mwpe;j gpd;Ng fzpj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
1949 Mk; Mz;L gq;Fdp khjk; 25 Mk; jpfjp ,uT 12

kzp 18 epkplj;jpy; gpwe;j xUtupd; Gj;jp tpguk;. ,tu;
,uT 12kzp 18 epkplj;jpy; jpUNthz el;rj;jpuk; 2 Mk;
ghjj;jpy; gpwe;jhy; rj;jpu jpirapy; gpwe;Js;shu;. mjpy;
fu;g;gfhy ,Ug;G ePf;fp ,Ug;G 5 tUlq;fs; 2 khjq;fs;
22 ehl;fs;. ,tuJ jir Gj;jp gpd;tUkhW.
re;jpu jir 5 .2 22
nrt;tha; jir 7. 0 00
uhF jir 18. 0. 00
FU jir 16. 0. 00
rdp jir 19. 0. 00
65 . 2. 22
xvii
,r;rhjfUf;F 46 tajpy; ,Ue;J 65 taJ tiu rdp jir
eilngWfpwJ. mjd; tpguk; Kd; jug;gl;Ls;sJ. 25.03.1949 –
14.06.2014 rdp jirapd; gpd; 17 tUlq;fs; Gjd; jir eilngWk;.
mjd; tpguk;> ,J
Gjd; jir 65.02.22
Gjd; jir KbT 17.00.00
82.02.22
17.06.2031 Mk; Mz;L tiu Gjd; jir eilngWk;. ,e;jg;

gjpNdhO tUlq;fSk; gpd;tUkhW mikAk;.
Gjd; jir Gj;jp tpguk;

tUlk; khjk; ehs;
Gjd; Gj;jp 02. 04 27
NfJ Gj;jp - 11 27
Rf;fpu Gj;jp 02 10 00
#upa Gj;jp - 10 06
re;jpu Gj;jp 01 05 -
nrt;tha; Gj;jp 11 27
uhF Gj;jp 02 06 18
FU Gj;jp 02 03 06
rdp Gj;jp 02 08 09
17 00 00
,g; Gj;jpapy; eilngWk; gyd;fis jrh Gj;jpg; gyd; vd;W Fwpg;gpl;l

,lj;jpy; mwpe;J nfhs;sTk; 1949 Mk; Mz;L gq;Fdp khjk; 25
Mk; jpfjp ,uT 12 kzp 18 epkplj;jpy; jpUNthz el;rj;jpuk; 2Mk;
ghjj;jpy; gpwe;jtuJ rhjfk; ,J.
xviii
Gjd;
#upa uhF 6 7 10 uhF re; yf;
Rf;>nr rdp
3 8 tp 2
fpuf epiy ethk;r

epiy
re; rdp 8 Gjd;
tpah Rf;
#upad;
yf; 12 NfJ 10 7 6 nrt; 4
NfJ
Gj;jp
Gj;jp vd;gJ jirapd; xU ghfk;. xU jirf;Fs; kw;iwa

fpufq;fs; tupirahf te;J rhjfUf;Fg; gyd; nfhLf;Fk; fhyk; Gj;jp
vdg;gLk;. jirve;jf; fpufj;jpw;F cupaNjh mjd; Gj;jp Kjypy;
Muk;gkhFk;. cjhuzkhf #upa jirapd; gpwe;jtu;fSf;F Kjypy;
#upaGj;jp Muk;gkhfpg; gpd; re;jpuGj;jp nrt;tha; Gj;jp vd Muk;gpj;Jr;
Rf;fpu Gj;jpAld; KbtilAk;. ,JNghyNt kw;iwa fpufq;fspd;
jirfspd; Gj;jpfs; eilngWk;. jirAk; Gj;jpAk;> NfJ> Rf;fpud;>
#upad;> re;jpud;> nrt;tha;> uhF> FU> rdp> Gjd; vd;w Kiwapy;
tupirahf tUk;.
Gj;jpapd; gyd;
xU jirapy; rhjfDf;Ff; nfLjyhd gyd;kl;Lk;
eilngwhJ. mJ Nghy ed;ikahd gyd; kl;Lk; elthJ. ,uz;Lk;
fye;Nj eilngWk;. cjhuzkhfr; rdpjir>eilngWk; 19
xix
tUlq;fSk; ed;ikAk; elf;Fk; jPikAk; elf;Fk;. mJ mtutu;
rhjfj;ijg; nghWj;jJ. mj;Jld; Gj;jpfisAk; nghWj;jJ> rdp
jirapy; FUGj;jp 2 tUlq;fs; 6 khjq;fs; 12 ehl;fs; eilngWk;.
,f;fhyj;jpy; rhjfUf;F ey;y gyd;fs; gyTk; eilngWk;. mLj;J
rdp jirapy; uhF Gj;jp elf;Fk;. 2 tUlq;fs; 10 khjq;fs; 06
ehl;fSk; ngUk;ghYk; jPa gyd;fNs eilngWk;. ,jdhy; rhjfu;
rdp jirapy; cs;s 19 tUlq;fSk; jPagyd;fs; jhd; eilngWk;
vd vz;zf;$lhJ.
jrh Gj;jpg; gyd;fs;

#upa jir 06 tUlq;fs;
1) #upa Gj;jp 3 khjk; 18 ehl;fs;
ge;Jf;fshy; jPik> fyfk;> fu;gehrk;> kdr;rQ;ryk;>
nfhLf;fy;thq;fypy; gpzf;F kidtp gps;isfspdhy; Jauk;>
miyr;ry;> Ntiyj;jsj;jpy; Kuz;ghL> njhopypy; el;lk;.
2) re;jpuGj;jp 6 khjq;fs;
njhopyhy; mjpf tUkhdk;> kfpo;r;rp> FLk;gj;jpy; FJ}fyk;>
murkjpg;G> ngz;fspd; cwthy; Jauk;> fz;Neha;
3) nrt;tha;Gj;jp 4 khjk; 06 ehl;fs;

Nehahy; mjpf nryT> vjpupfshy; njhy;iy> njhopyhy; el;lk;>
thfdk;> jPahy; jPq;F> ez;gu; tpNuhjk;> FLk;gj;jpy; fyfk;>
Nkyjpfhupfs; gif.
4) uhFGj;jp 10 khjk; 24 ehl;fs;

fld;njhy;iy> $l;Lj;njhopy; ehrk;> FLk;g tpNuhjk;>
vjpupfshy; Jd;gk;> ey;y cwTfs; ePq;fy;> MAj gak;>
rNfhjuu;fshy; njhy;iy> FLk;gg; gpupT
xx
5) FUGj;jp 9 khjk; 18 ehl;fs;
fy;tpapy; cau;r;rp> ez;gu;fshy; cjtp> FLk;gj;jpy; kfpo;r;rp>
gztuT> rj;JU [ak;> cwtpdu;fshy; cjtp> fhupahD$yk;.
6) rdpGj;jp 11 khjk; 12 ehl;fs;

gytopfshYk; Jd;gk;> vjpupfspd; njhy;iy mjpfupg;G> Gj;jpuuhy;
Jd;gk;> FLk;gg; gpupT> tp\gak;> Neha; mjpfupj;jy;>
jdpikg;gly;> ntWg;G.
7) Gjd; Gj;jp 11 khjk; 06 ehl;fs;

,lkhw;wk;> Rw;wj;jtu; gif> FLk;gj;jpy; fyfk;> epk;kjpf;FiwT>
tPz;gop Nfl;ly;> epidj;jit epiwNtwhik. njhopypy; el;lk;>
fld;gly;
8) NfJ Gj;jp 4 khjk; 06 ehl;fs;

kwjp> ntWg;G> FLk;gg; gpupT> ,lu;jUk; ,lkhw;wk;> khdf;NfL>
njhopyhy; el;lk;> Nkyjpfhupfspd; ntWg;Gf;Fs;shjy;> thf;F
thjk;> kdKwpT.
9) Rf;fpu Gj;jp> xUtUlk;

kdJf;fpdpait elj;jy;> njhopypy; tpUj;jp> gzk; Nru;jy;>
jpUkzk; eilngwy;> tPL fl;l fhzp thq;f KaYjy;> Neha;
ePq;Fjy;> Rgfhupaq;fs; elj;jy;.
02 re;jpu jir 10 tUlq;fs;
epidj;jit if$ly;> fhjy; fdpT> Gfo;> fPu;j;jp> gzk; ngUfy;>
njhopy; tpUj;jp> FLk;gj;jpy; kfpo;r;rp> cwtpdu; ez;gu; Nru;f;if>
fy;tpapy; Nkd;ik> njhopypy; cau;T
xxi
2) nrt;tha; Gj;jp 7 khjk;
tPz; tpNuhjk;> Kuz;gly;> tof;Ffs; tUjy;> nghUs; ,og;G>
Jl;l ngz;fspd; rfthrk;> njhopypy; el;lk;> NkNyhu; rPw;wk;.
3) uhFGj;jp 1 tUlk; 06 khjq;fs;
nghUs; ,og;G> vjpupfshy; njhy;iy> Neha; mjpfupj;jy;> tPz;
nryT> gzKil FLk;gj;jtuhy; nryT> ngupNahu; gif>
kdf;Fog;gk;> gpbthjg; Nghf;F.
4) FUGj;jp> 1 tUlk; 04 khjq;fs;
vjpupfs; trg;gLjy;> nghd; nghUs; Nru;f;if> fhzp G+kpthq;Fjy;>
tpahghuj;jpy; ngUk; ,yhgk;> ngupNahupd; cjtp. FLk;g kfpo;r;rp>
gjtp cau;T
5) rdp Gj;jp 1 tUlk; 7 khjk;

Neha;fs; mjpfupg;G> tPz; nryT> nghUs; ,og;G> vjpupfshy;
njhy;iy> njhopypy; el;lk;> J}uNjrg; gazk;> tPz;gop Nfl;ly;>
mtjhdf; FiwT.
6) Gjd; Gj;jp 1 tUlk; 5 khjk;

FLk;gj;jpy; kfpo;r;rp> ,drdq;fshy;> Gj;jpuu;fshy; kfpo;r;rp> cjtp>
epidj;jit eilngwy;> njhopy; tpUj;jp> ngupatu;fshy; ghuhl;L>
Gfo;> nfsutk; cau;jy;.
7) NfJ Gj;jp 07 khjk;

thfd tpgj;J> mf;fpdp gPil> Neha;fs; mjpfupg;G> ez;guhy;
NfL> mur jz;lid ngwy;> njhopy; ,og;G> Gfo; ehrk;>
nfsutk; ghjpg;G.
8) Rf;fpuGj;jp 1 tUlk; 08 khjq;fs;
xxii
Nehapd; jhf;fk; mjpfupj;jy;> ez;gu; gif> njhopypy; el;lk;>
tpUg;gkpy;yhj ,lkhw;wk;> FLk;gj;jpy; tpNuhjk;> rNfhju topahy;
nryT
9) #upa Gj;jp 06 khjq;fs;

,dk; njupahj Neha; tUj;jy;> mjpf Nfhgk;> fz;> fhJ>
,Ujaj;jpy; tpahjp cz;lhFjy;> kdf;Fog;gk;> ngw;Nwhu; gif>
ngupatu;fspd; tpNuhjk;.
03) nrt;tha; jir 07 tUlq;fs;

1) nrt;tha; Gj;jp 4 khjk; 27 ehs;
mbikg;gly;> tpyq;Ffshy; Mgj;J cz;lhjy;> mur gak;>

tpahjp> FLk;gg; gpur;rpidfshy; epk;kjp ,og;G> giftupd;
ntWg;G mjpfupj;jy;> MAjj;jpdhy; fhak;> tof;F cz;lhjy;
vd;gd eilngWk;.
2) uhFGj;jp 1 tUlk; 18 ehs;

tp\gak;> cwtpdu;fshy; njhy;iyfs;> gif cz;lhFjy;>
ez;gu; tpNuhjk;> njhopypy; ghjpg;G> ,lkhw;wk;> Njhy;
tpahjpfshy; mtjp> tho;f;ifapy; ntWg;G cz;lhFjy;>
kjpg;ig ,oj;jy; Mfpad eilngWk;.
3) FUGj;jp 11 khjk; 6 ehs;

tuTf;F kPwpa nryT> nfhLf;fy; thq;fypy; nghUs; ,og;G>
Vkhw;wk;> tof;Fz;lhjy;> njhopypy; gpur;rpidfs; cUthFjy;>
gpw;gFjpapy; njhopyhy; nry;tk; NrUk; vd;gd eilngWk;.
4) rdp Gj;jp 1 tUlk; 1 khjk; 9 ehs;

tPz; tpNuhjq;fshy; Njitaw;w rz;il> khd ,og;G>
Neha;f;fhd nryTfs; mjpfupg;G> FLk;gf; fyfk;> FLk;gg; gpupT>
xxiii
gps;isfshy; njhy;iy. tof;F> kdf;fpNyrk; vd;gd
cz;lhFk;.
5) Gjd;Gj;jp 11 khjk; 27 ehs;

nry;tk; ngUfy;> njhopypy; ngUk; cau;T> cau; gjtp ngWjy;>
mofpa ngz;fspd; cwT Vw;gly;> Neha; ePf;fk;> FLk;gj;jpy;
kfpo;T> Mguzr;Nru;f;if vd;gd cz;lhFk;.
6) NfJ Gj;jp 4 khjk; 27 ehs;

ngz;fshy; Jd;gk;> FLk;gj;jpy; Fog;gk;> Neha; mjpfupg;G> tuTf;F
kPwpa nryT> ngw;Nwhu; topahy; nghUs; nryT> vjpupfshy;
Jd;gk; cz;lhFjy; vd;gd cz;lhFk;.
7) Rf;fpuGj;jp 1 tUlk; 2 khjq;fs;

epidj;jit ahTk; eilngWjy;> nghUl;fs; Nru;jy;> ngz;fshy;
ngUk; cjtpfs; fpilj;jy;> nja;t mDf;fpufk;> ngupNahu;fspd;
cjtp> thfdr; Nru;fif> gif tpyfy; vd;gd cz;lhFk;.
8) #upaGj;jp> 4 khjk; 6 ehs;

Neha;fs; mjpfupg;G> kdjpy; Jf;fk; ngUFjy;> gpuahzq;fspd;
NghJ nghUs; ,og;G> tpgj;Jf;fs; cz;lhjy;> gif mjpfupj;jy;
Nghd;wd cz;lhFk;.
G+kp thq;Fjy;> G+kpahy; mjpf ,yhgk; ngwy;> Mguzq;fs;
thq;Fjy;> tPL fl;Ljy;> kidtp fu;g;gkiljy;> Gjpa Kaw;rp
Muk;gpj;jy;> jy ahj;jpiu nry;yy; vd;gd eilngWk;.
xxiv
4 uhF jir 18 tUlq;fs;
1) uhF Gj;jp 2 tUlk; 8 khjk; 12 ehs;
Nkyjpfhupfs;> ngupatu;fSld; gif nfhs;sy;> nghUs;

,og;G>tp\j;jhy;gPil> FLk;gf; f\;lk;> gps;isfSf;F Neha;
cz;lhjy;> tof;fhy; nryT> tPLkhWjy;> njhopy; ,oj;jy;>
rz;ilfs; cz;lhjy; vd;gd eilngWk;.
2) FUGj;jp 2 tUlk; 4 khjk; 24 ehs;

gpur;rpidapy; ,Ue;J tpLgly;> gzKil jPu;j;jy;> ngupatu;fs;
cjtp nra;jy;> Gfo; nfsutk;> tUkhdk; mjpfupj;jy; fhupak;
if$Ljy; vd;gd eilngWk;.
3) rdpGj;jp 2 tUlk; 10 khjk; 6 ehs;

KbT ngwhj Jd;gk;> tof;F cz;lhjy;> FLk;gj;jpy;
Fog;gk;>vjpupfshy; jPikfs;cz;lhjy;> ngupNahu;fisg; gifj;jy;>
,lkhw;wk; cz;lhjy;> Nehahy; nryT> gps;isfshy; njhy;iy
vd;gd cz;lhFk;.
4) Gjd;Gj;jp> 2 tUlk; 6 khjk; 18 ehs;
Nkd;ik> njhopy; tpUj;jp> Kaw;rpfs; gypj;jy;> tUkhdk;
mjpfupj;jy;> nghUs;> fhzp G+kp Nru;jy;> kfg;NgW cz;lhjy;>
vd;gtw;NwhL Nkyjpfhupfspd; ntWg;Gk; cz;lhFk;. mtjhdk;
Njit.
5) NfJ Gj;jp 1 tUlk; 18 ehs;

czT xj;Jf;nfhs;shik> FLk;gj;jtu;fSf;F Neha;
cz;lhFjy;> mjdhy; gzr;nryTk;> ngz;fshy; nghUs;
xxv
,og;Gk;> nfsutf; FiwTk;> ,Ug;gpl khw;wKk; tpNuhjKk;
cz;lhFk;.
6) Rf;fpuGj;jp 3 tUlk;
nghd; nghUs; G+kp Nru;jYk;> myq;fhukhd kid mikj;jYk;>
Mguzq;fs; thq;FjYk; ngupatu;fspd; cjtpAk;> epidj;j
fhupar; rpj;jpAk;> kd kfpo;Tk; gps;isfshy; kfpo;r;rpAk;
cz;lhFk;.
7) #upaGj;jp 10 khjk; 24 ehs;

ez;gu;> ngupatu;fs;> FLk;gj;jpdUld; tpNuhjKk;
kdf;Fog;gKk;> tho;tpy; tpuf;jpAk;> kidtpAld; tPz;
rz;ilapLjYk;> mjdhy; gifAk; nfsutf; FiwTk;> nghUs;
,og;Gk; cz;lhFk;.
8) re;jpuGj;jp 1 tUlk; 6 khjk;

ngupatu;fspd; gifAk; ,drd ge;Jf;fspd; tpNuhjKk;> nghUs;
,og;Gk;> gps;isfshy; Jd;gKk;> Neha;fs; mjpfupj;jYk;>
tprj;jhYk; tpgj;jhYk; Jd;gKk; Vw;gLk;.
9) nrt;tha; Gj;jp 1tUlk; 18 ehs;

nghUs; ,og;Gk;> ngupatu;fshy; Jd;gKk;> ngw;Nwhu;
gps;isfshy; nryTk;> Mguzq;fs;> G+kp> thfdk; vd;gtw;iw
tpw;fTk;> gpwuplk; msTf;fjpfkhd fld; ngWk; epiyAk;
cz;lhFk;.
FU jir 16 tUlq;fs;
xxvi
cau;e;j gjtp fpilj;jy;> ngUk; nghUs; Nru;f;if> tptrha
cw;gj;jp mjpfupg;G> ngz;fs; cjtp> fld; t#yhjy;>
tof;Ffspy; ntw;wp> kjpg;G cauy;> mur cjtpfs; fpilj;jy;
vd;gd eilngWk;

thfdk;> G+kp> Mguzq;fs; nfhs;tdthy; ed;ik> Neha; ePf;fk;>
ngz;fshy; Jd;gk;> FLk;gj;jpd; kPJ re;Njfk; nfhs;sy;>
,ilapilNa Jd;gq;fs; te;J ePq;FjYk; ,lk; ngWk;.
3) Gjd; Gj;jp 2 tUlk; 3 khjk; 6 ehs;

fiyQu;fSf;F kjpg;G>Gfo;> tUkhdk; mjpfupf;Fk;. nry;te;ju;fspd;
njhlu;ghy; ed;ik cz;lhFjYk;> nghUs; Nru;f;ifAk;>
ngz;fspd; Nru;f;ifahy; nghUs; tuTk; cz;lhFk;.
4) NfJ Gj;jp 11khjk; 6 ehs;

kidtpapd; cly; eyk; ghjpf;fg;gLk;. mjdhy; nryTfs;
cz;lhFk;. tUkhdf; FiwTk;> cw;whu; cwtpdu;fspd;
njhy;iyfSk;> miyr;rYk;> ,lkhw;wq;fSk;> FLk;gf;
f\;lq;fSk; cz;lhFk;.
5) Rf;fpuGj;jp 2 tUlk; 8 khjk;

cwtpdu; ez;gu;fspd; cjtpfs; fpilf;Fk;. G+kpahy; tUk;
tUkhdk; mjpfupf;Fk;. nra;njhopy; tpUj;jpahFk;. Rgr; nryTfs;
cz;lhFk;. nghd; nghUl;Nru;f;if> kdjpw;fpdpa rk;gtq;fs;
gyTk; cz;lhFk;.
xxvii
Muk;gj;jpy; njhopy; tpUj;jpAk;> epidj;j fhupak; if$LjYk;
eilngWk;. gpw;gFjpapy; Vkhw;wk;> njhopy; f\;lk;> tUkhdf;
FiwT Vw;gLk;. #upa Gj;jpapd; KbTg; gFjpapy; ,it ePq;fp
,d;gk; cz;lhFk;.
7) re;jpuGj;jp 1tUlk; 4 khjk;

nghd;> nghUs;> Mil Mguzr; Nru;f;if> kjpg;G> Gfo;>
nfsutk; cau;jy;> myq;fhu kid mikj;jy;> epidj;jit
epiwNtwy; Nghd;wd eilngWk;.

gy;NtW tpjkhd Jd;gq;fs; tuy;> giftu;fshYk;
jpUlu;fshYk; nghUs; e\;lk;. Neha; cz;lhFjy;> trjpaw;w
,lkhw;wk;> epidj;jit jilg;gly; vd;gd ,lk;ngWk;.
9) uhFGj;jp 2 tUlk; 4 khjk; 24 ehs;
giftu;fshy; ngUe;njhy;iy. tof;Ffshy; mtkhdk;> nghUs;
,og;G> kidtpNahLk;> cwtpdNuhLk; tpNuhjk;> FLk;gj;jpy;
f\;lk; vd;gd ,lk;ngWk;.
rdp jir 19 tUlq;fs;

1) rdpGj;jp 3 tUlq;fs; 2 ehs;
Neha; mjpfupj;jy;> Rw;wj;jhu;> ez;gu; gifahjy;>
gzj;jl;Lg;ghL>fhzp> Mguzq;fs; tpw;wy;> FLk;gj;jpy; fyfk;
vd;gd ,lk;ngWk;
2) Gjd;Gj;jp 2 tUlk; 2 khjk; 9 ehs;

nry;tk; NrUk;> fy;tp tpUj;jpahFk;> gjtp cau;T fpilf;Fk;. tPL
fl;ly;> Mguzk; Nruy;> murhy; Gfo;> tUkhdk;> vd;gd fpl;Lk;.
3) NfJ Gj;jp 1 tUlk; 1 khjk; 9 ehs;
xxviii
thjNuhfk; jhf;Fk;> Gj;jpuu;fshy; Jd;gKk; nghUs; ,og;Gk;
cz;lhFk;. ez;gu; giftuhtu;> Ntz;lhj nray;fshy; Jd;gk;
vd;gd cz;lhFk;.

tUkhdk; tUk; Kaw;rpfs; gypf;Fk;. ey;ytu;fspd; el;Gk;>
jdte;ju;fspd; el;Gk;> jdte;ju;fspd; MjuTk; fpilf;Fk;.
gps;isfshy; kfpo;r;rpAk;> cwtpdu;fshy; cjtpAk; fpilf;Fk;.

Neha; fhuzkhfg; gzr;nryT cz;lhFk;. tapW> fz;> fhJ>
Neha;> tUk;. FLk;gj;jpdUf;F Neha; cz;lhFk;. mjdhy; nghUl;
nryT Vw;gLk;.

gpur;rpidfs;> rz;il rr;ruTfs; jdhfj; Njb tUk;. tof;fpy;
nghUl;Nrjk; cz;lhFk;. jpUlu; gak; cz;L. Nru;jJ
; itj;j
nghUl;fs; nrythFk;.
7) nrt;tha; Gj;jp 1tUlk; 1 khjk; 9 ehs;

epk;kjpapd;ikAk;>kdf;fpNyrKk; gifahy; cz;lhFk;. gyiuAk;
giff;f Ntz;ba epiy cz;lhFk;. mtkhdk;> nghUl;nryT>
Neha;fspd;jhf;fk;> gps;is fshy; Jd;gk; vd;gd cz;lhFk;.

tp\gak;>Vkhw;wg;gLjy;> Neha;tha;g;gly;> gzf;f\;lk;> J}uNjr
thrk;> cwtpduhy; njhy;iy> njhopypy; tUkhdkpd;ik vd;gd
cz;lhFk;.
xxix
maytu;> ez;gu;fspd; cjtpfs; fpilf;Fk;. gjtp cau;T> Ntjd
cau;T vd;gd cz;lhFk;. ePz;l ehs; fdT gypf;Fk;. mur
cjtpfs; jhuhskhff; fpilf;Fk;> kjpg;G> Gfo;> tUkhdk; vd;gd
mjpfupf;Fk;.
Gjd; jir 17 tUlq;fs;

1) Gjd;Gj;jp 2 tUlk; 4 khjk; 27 ehs;
ez;gu;> Rw;wk;> muR cjtpfs; fpilf;Fk;. epidj;jit
epiwNtWk; nghd;> nghUs;> fhzp G+kp> gupRfs; NrUk;. KjyPLfs;
mjpf yhgk; jUk;.
2) NfJGj;jp 11 khjk; 27 ehs;

,lkhw;wj;jhy; Jd;gk; NkypLk;. Neha;fs; mjpfupf;Fk;.
fl;LkPwpa nryTfs; cz;lhFk;. gif tsUk;. tof;Ffs;
Kuz;ghLfs; Vw;gl;L mtkhdk; cz;lhFk;.

gps;isfs;> Rw;wj;jtu;> ez;gu;fshy; ngUk; cjtpfs; fpilf;Fk;.
Kaw;rp ngU ntw;wp jUk;. gpw ehl;L cjtpfs; fpilf;Fk;. Mil>
Mguzk;> fhzp> G+kp vd;gd NrUk;. FLk;gj;jpy; kq;fyfukhd
epfo;Tfs; eilngWk;.

mf;fpdp> tp\k;> thfdk; vd;gtw;why; jPik cz;lhFk;. Neha;>
gif> Kuz;ghL vd;gtw;why; gzr;nryT cz;lhFk;. njhopypy;
gpur;rpidfs; cz;lhFk;. Nkyjpfhupfspd; gif cz;lhFk;.
xxx
thjNehAs;stu;fSf;F Neha; mjpfupf;Fk;. ngz;fshy;
gpur;rpidfs; cz;lhFk;. mjd; fhuzkhfg; gif> tof;F>
gzr;nryT vd;gd Vw;gLk;. G+kp rk;ge;jkhd tof;Ffs; Vw;gLk;.
gif mjpfupf;Fk;.

md;dpauhy; Jd;gk;> giftupd; jhf;Fjy; mjpfupf;Fk;.
c\;zNuhfq;fs; tUk;. gioa gif Jd;gj;ijf; nfhLf;Fk;.
tPz; gpur;rpidfshy; njhy;iyAk; gzr; nryTk; cz;lhFk;.

tPLkhWjy;> giftu;fshYk;> jPa ez;gu;fshYk; Jd;gk;
cz;lhFk;. nghUs; ,og;G> ey;ytu; gifahjy;> NkNyhu;gif>
ngw;whUld; tpNuhjk; vd;gd cz;lhFk;.
8) FUGj;jp 2 tUlk; 3 khjq;fs;

kdkfpo;r;rpAk;> muru;fshy; kjpg;Gk;> ngupatu;fspd; cjtpAk;
fpilf;Fk;. tPLfl;l> fhzp> Mguzk; thq;ff;$ba epiy
cz;lhFk;. gps;isfshy; ed;ik cz;lhFk;.
nghUs; ehrk;> tpNuhjk;> gzf;f\;lk;> Neha;fshy; gzr;nryT>
fhzp> G+kp Mguzq;fis tpw;wy;> gif mjpfupj;jy;> njhopypy;
el;lk; vd;gd Vw;gLk;.
NfJ jir 07 tUlq;fs;

1) NfJ Gj;jp 4 khjk; 27 ehs;
FLk;gj;jtu;> ey;y ez;gu;fs;> Rw;wj;jtu;fisg; gifj;jy;> murhy;
gak;> kuzgak;> Neha;fshy; nryT> njhopypy; el;lk;> fhzp
G+kpahy; gpur;rpidfs; cz;lhFk;.
xxxi
FLk;gj;jpy; kfpo;r;rp kf;fl;NgW> epidj;jit epiwNtwy;>
njhopypy; mjpf tUkhdk;> nfsutk; Gfo; mjpfupj;jy; eilngWk;.
NfJ Gj;jp> Kbtpy; FLk;gj;jpy; tpNuhjk; cz;lhFk;.

tPL> fhzp Mguzq;fis tpw;wy;> ,lk; khWjy;> jiyapy; Neha;
cz;lhjy;> epk;kjpapd;ik> gif> tpNuhjk;> tof;F vd;gd
cz;lhjy; eilngWk;.
4) re;jpuGj;jp 7 khjk;
ngz;fshy; jPik> gzr;nryT> Kuz;ghL vd;gd cz;lhFk;.
gps;isfshy; njhy;iy> FLk;gj;jpy; fyfk; Nghd;wd mbf;fb
epfOk; rj;jpuGj;jpapd; ,Wjpapy; ,it ePq;Fk;.

rz;ilf;Fr;nry;yy;> ez;gu;fs;>cwtpdu;>FLk;gj;jt Uld;
tpNuhjk;> njhopypy; Kuz;ghL> Nkyjpfhupfs; gif> G+kpahy;
gpur;rpidfs; vd;gd cz;lhFk;.
6) uhFGj;jp 1 tUlk; 18 ehs;

tp\gak;> ngz;fSf;F Neha;fspd; jhf;fk; mjpfupg;G> murhy;
jPik> njhopypy; gpur;rpidfs;> tUkhdf; FiwT> nryT mjpfupg;G>
ey;ytu;fspd; tpNuhjk;> FLk;gj;jpy; fyfk; vd;gd Vw;gLk;.
7) FUGj;jp 11 khjk; 6 ehs;

njhopyhy; tUkhdk; mjpfupg;G. gzr;Nru;f;if> mofhd kidtp
mikjy;> Mil> Mguzq;fs;> nrhj;Jf;fs; Nruy;>
ngupatu;fspd; Mrp fpilj;jy;> kjpg;G cauy; vd;gd ,lk;ngWk;.
xxxii
8) rdpGj;jp 1 tUlk; 1 khjk; 9 ehs;
gy;NtW tifapy; nghUs; nrythFk;. gz tplaj;jpy;
Vkhw;wg;gLjy;> njhopypy; Kuz;ghL> ez;gu;fis tpNuhjpj;jy;
ngz;fshy; Jd;gk;> Njhy; Neha;fs; Vw;gly; kdjpy; Fog;gk;
vd;gd cz;lhFk;.
9) Gjd;Gj;jp 11 khjk; 27 ehs;

Gj;jpuu;fshy; ftiy> cwtpdu; gif> nghUl;Nrjk;> Kaw;rpfs;
gypahik> tPz; rz;ilfspy; <Lgly;> ngupNahiug; gifj;jy;>
murhy; jPik vd;gd Vw;gLk;.
Rf;fpu jir 20 tUlq;fs;

nghd;> nghUs;> Mguzk;> fhzp> G+kpNru;jy;> fld; jPu;jy;>
nry;tk; ngUfy;> Gjpa Kaw;rp Muk;gpj;jy;> murcjtp
fpilj;jy;> epidj;jit ahTk; epiwNtwy; vd;gd eilngWk;.
gpw;gFjpapy; Jd;gkhd rk;gtq;fs; elf;Fk;.
2) #upaGj;jp 1 tUlk;
Jd;gk;> gzf;f\;lk;> gif tsu;jy;> kidtp kf;fSld;
Kuz;gly;> tPz; gifahy; tof;Fz;lhjy;> nja;t ek;gpf;if
FiwT> NkyjpfhupAld; gif vd;gd cz;lhFk;.

epidj;jit ahTk; epiwNtwy;> kidtp topahy; cjtp>
ngupatu;fs;> ez;gu;fs;> murhy; cjtp>tpj;ij tpUj;jp> kdjpw;F
,dpa ,lkhw;wk; fpilj;jy;> gps;isfshy; kfpo;rr; p vd;gd
cz;lhFk;.
4) nrt;tha; Gj;jp 1 tUlk; 2 khjk;
xxxiii
epidj;j nghUl;fs; thq;Fjy;> nja;t topghL mjpfupj;jy;> gif
tpyfy; vd;gd cz;lhFk;. ,Ug;gpDk; ngz;fshy; nghUs;
,og;G> khdf;NfL> tPz; rz;il vd;gd cz;lhFk;.
5) uhFGj;jp> 3 tUlk;
tpuf;jpailjy;> FLk;gj;jpy; ntWg;G> gps;isfshy; Jd;gk;>
ngw;NwhUf;F Neha; cz;lhjy;> kUj;Jtr; nryTcz;lhjy;>
tp\gak;> J}uNjrk; nry;Yjy;> trjpapy;yhj ,lkhw;wk; vd;gd
cz;lhFk;.
6) FUGj;jp 2 tUlk; 8 khjk;

Nutjp> cj;jpu el;rj;jpuk; cs;s fhyq;fspy; Neha; Jd;gk; gzr;
nryT vd;gd cz;lhFk;. njhopypy; cau;Tk;> tUkhd
mjpfupg;Gk; Vw;gLk;. FLk;gj;jpdu;> maytu;> cwtpdu;>
ngupatu;fs; cjtp nra;thu;fs;.
7) rdpGj;jp 3 tUlk; 2khjk;

,uj;jk; rk;ge;jkhd Neha;fspd; jhf;fk; mjpfupf;Fk;. nryT
tUkhdj;ij tpl mjpfkhf ,Uf;Fk;. kdf;Fog;gk;>
epk;kjpapd;ik>flTspy; gw;wpd;ik> tpuf;jp vd;gd Vw;gLk;
8) Gjd;Gj;jp 2 tUlk; 10 khjk;

kidtpahy; ,d;gk;> kidtp topahy; nghUs; NrUk;.
fiyQu;fs; ghuhl;Lg; ngWtu;. mur kjpg;Gk; fpilf;Fk;. ntsp
ehl;by; trpg;Nghupd; cjtpAk;> ntspehLfSf;Fr; nry;Yk;
epiyAk; cz;lhFk;.
9) NfJGj;jp 1 tUlk; 2 khjk;
xxxiv
Jl;lu;fshy; Jd;gq;fs; gy tUk;. kidtpahYk; kidtp
topahYk; Jd;gq;fs; cz;lhFk;. tp\gak; nghUs; ,og;G>
nfsutk; mopjy;> murhy; Jd;gk; vd;gd ,lk;ngWk;.
];jhdg; gyd;
yf;fpdk; Kjy; 12 ];jhdq;fspy; cs;s fpufq;fspd; gyd;.
1) yf;fdk; ,J [d;kk;> capu;> cly;> Njhw;wk; gw;wpaJ.
2) ,uz;lhkplk; thf;F];jhdk;. FLk;g Rfk;> fy;tp Nkd;ik>
nry;tk;> fz; ghu;it gw;wpaJ.
3) %d;whkplk;> rNfhju];jhdk;. Ngr;R ty;yik> Gfo;> nry;thf;F>
rNfhjuu; cjtp> Nahfk;> nry;tk; gw;wpaJ.
4) ehd;fhkplk; khj;U ];jhdk;> jhapd; Rf eyk;> tPL> fhzp> G+kp>
tpj;ij> tpahghuk; gw;wpaJ.
5) Ie;jhkplk; Gj;jpu ];jhdk;> re;jjp> Gfo;> nfsutk;> Nkw;gbg;G>
jha;top cwTfs; gw;wpaJ.
6) Mwhkplk; Nuhf ];jhdk;> giftu;> Neha;> nryT> tof;F> fld;
gw;wpaJ.
7) Vohkplk; fs];jpu];jhdk;. kidtp miktJ> Neha; nehbfs;>
ez;gu;fs; gw;wpaJ. ,ij khuf];jhdk; vd;Wk; nrhy;tu;.
8) vl;lhkplk; MAs; ];jhdk;. MAs;> kuzk; gw;wpaJ.
9) xd;gjhkplk;. gpj;U ];jhdk;. nja;t topghL> jhd ju;kk;
nra;jy;> FUit kjpj;jy;> gpuahzk; gw;wpaJ. ,ijg; ghf;fpa
];jhdk; vd;Wk; nrhy;tu;.
10) gj;jhkplk;> [Ptd];jhdk;. mur cjtpfs;> njhopy; Kd;Ndw;wk;>
Qhdk; gw;wpaJ
11) gjpNdhuhkplk; yhg];jhdk;. njhopy;> nry;tk;> nry;thf;Fg;
gw;wpaJ.
xxxv
12) gd;dpuz;lhkplk;> tpua ];jhdk;> nryT> cwf;fk;> nja;t gf;jp>
Nkhl;rk; gw;wpaJ.
];jhdg; gyd;fs;
(yf;dk; Kjy; 12 ];jhdq;fspy; mwpaNtz;ba
gyd;fs;)
1) yf;dk; ([e;kk;) capu;> [Ptd;> Njfk;> Njhw;wk;.

2) ,uz;lhkplk; (thf;F ];jhdk;) FLk;g ];jhdk;> jdk;> fz;
ghu;it.
3) %d;whkplk;> (rNfhju];jhdk;) Ngr;R ty;yik> fPu;j;jp> iju;ak;>
,isa rNfhjud;> rNfhjup> fhJ> Ms;> mbik> mzpfyk;>
Nghfk;.
4) ehd;fhkplk; (khj;U ];jhdk;)>Rf];jhdk;> tPL> thfdk;>
epyk;>khjh> ge;Jf;fs;> tpj;ij> tpahghuk;.
5) Ie;jhkplk; (Gj;jpu];jhdk;) re;jjp> Gfo;> mk;khd;> gpuGj;tk;>
Nky;gbg;G
6) Mwhkplk; (Gj;jpu];jhdk;) rj;U];jhdk;> rj;UNuhfk;> tof;F>
fld;.
7) Vohkplk; (MAs;];jhdk;) MAs;>khuf];jhdk;> $l;lhspfs;
8) vl;lhkplk; (MAs;];jhdk;) MAs;> kuztop.
9) xd;gjhkplk;(gpj;U];jhdk;) ghf;a];jhdk;. flTs;gf;jp> FU
cgNjrk;> ju;kk;> rPyk;> gpuahzk;.
10) gj;jhkplk; ([Ptd];jhdk;) uh[;ahjpgj;ak;> njhopy;> fu;kk;>
Qhdk;
11) gjpNdhuhkplk; (yhg];jhdk;) %j;j rNfhju ];jhdk;> yhgk;.
12) gd;dpuz;lhkplk; (tpua];jhdk;) nryT> radk;> Nkh\k;.
xxxvi
Kf;fpa ];jhdq;fs; tptuKk; ngaUk;
1-4-7-10 Nfe;jpuk;
1-5-9 jpupNfhzk;
2-6-8-11 gzguk;
3-12 MNghf;ypkk;
Rgu;fs; : tsu;gpiwr; re;jpud;> FU> Rf;fpud;> ghgNuhL Nruhj

Gjd; ,tu;fs; Rgu;fshtu;.
ghtpfs; : #upad;>nrt;tha;>rdp>uhF>NfJ> Nja;gpiwr; re;jpud;>
ghgNuhL $ba Gjd;.
Nfe;jpu gyd;
1>4>7>10 Nfe;jpu];jhdk; vdg;gLk;. yf;fdj;jpy; Gjd;> FU ,Ue;jhy;
G+uzkhd gyd; fpilf;Fk;.
4MtJ Nfe;jpuj;jpy; -re;jpud;> Rf;fpud; ,Ue;jhy; G+uz gyd;
fpilf;Fk;.
7MtJ Nfe;jpuj;jpy; - rdp>,uhF> NfJ ,Ue;jhy; G+uz gyd;
fpilf;Fk;.
10MtJ Nfe;jpuj;jpy; - #upad;>nrt;tha;> ,Ue;jhy; G+uzgyd;
fpilf;Fk;
jpupNfhz gyd;
yf;fdk;> Ie;jhk; tPL> xd;gjhk; tPLfisj; jpupNfhzk; vd;ghu;fs;.
,jw;F yf;Rkp ];jhdk; vd;W ngau;. ,J Rg tPL. Ie;jhtJ tPL
Kf;fhw;gyidAk;> xd;gjhtJ tPL KOg;gyidAk; nfhLf;Fk;.
,t;tPLfspy; fpufq;fs; jrhehjd; ,tu;fs; ,Uf;Fk; NghJ
Nkw;nrhy;yg;gl;l gyidf; nfhLg;ghu;fs;.
xxxvii
,yf;fpd gyd;
Nklk; : ,t; ,yf;fpdj;jpy; gpwe;NjhUf;F murkupahij fpilf;Fk;.
r%fj;Jld; ey;YwT ,Uf;Fk;. gzpahsu;fs; gyu; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
%u;f;fj;jdKk;> rhku;j;jpaKk;> nkype;j NjfKilatu;fshfTk;>
moFs;stu;fshfTk;> nghWik> kdj;jplk;> gyk;> mwpT
cilatu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;. 4>5>7>10>21>23>25>27 ,e;j
taJfspy; Neha; gytPdk;> tp\ gak;> J}uNjr rQ;rhuk;> tUkhdf;
FiwT vd;gd cz;lhFk;. ,e;j ,uhrpf;fhuu;fSf;F #upad;>
tpahod; Rg gyd;fisAk;> rdprk;ge;jg;gl;l tpahod; Jd;gkhd
gyd;fisAk; nfhLg;ghu;fs;.
,lgk; : ,t; ,yf;fpdj;jpy; gpwe;Njhu; fsj;jpuNjh\k;

cs;stu;fshfTk;> Neu;ikahdtu;fshfTk;> gpwupd; nrhj;ij
tpUk;ghjtu;fshfTk;> trPfukhdtu;fshfTk;> Mguzq;fis
mzpgtu;fshfTk;> mofhd cilfis mzpgtu;fshfTk;> ey;y
Gj;jpuu;fisg; ngw;wtu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;. #upaDk;> rdpAk;>
GjDk; ey;y gyd;fisf; nfhLg;ghu;fs;. rdp uh[Nahfj;ijf;
nfhLg;ghd;. re;jpuDk; tpahoDk; Rf;fpuDk; nfLjiyf; nfhLg;ghu;fs;.
5>13>16>19>20>27 taJfspy; Neha;> Jd;gk;> gif> f\;lk;
cz;lhFk;.
kpJdk; : ,t; ,yf;fpdj;jpy; gpwe;jtu;fs; kfpo;r;rpAld;

,dpathu;j;ij NgRgtu;fshf ,Ug;gu;. ey;y Ngr;rhsuhfTk;>
kidtpapd; kPJ mjpf md;Gs;stu;fshfTk;> mtspd;
xxxviii
nrhy;iyf;Nfl;gtu;fshfTk;> mbf;fb Neha;tha;g; gLgtu;fshfTk;>
Gfio tpUk;Ggtu;fshfTk;> rl;lk; gapy;gtuhfTk;> r%fj;
njhz;luhfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;. 2>5>8>10>18>25>27 ,e;j taJfspy;
neUg;G> MAjk;> thfdk; ,itfshy; Jd;gk; cz;lhFk;. ,t;
,uhrpf;fhuu;fSf;Fr; Rf;fpud; ed;ik nra;thd;. #upad;> nrt;tha;>
tpahod; Jd;gg;gLj;Jtu;.
flfk; : ,e;j ,yf;fpdj;jpy; gpwe;jtu;fs; fsj;jpu

Rfkw;wtu;fshfTk;> Gj;jprhypahfTk;> gzf;fhuuhfTk;> FU
tpRthrpahfTk;> mw;g Gj;jpAs;stu;fshfTk;> Mo;e;j
rpe;jidAs;stu;fshfTk;>JLf;fhdtu;fshfTk;>Kd;Nfhgpah fTk;
,Ug;ghu;fs;. 5>9>14>17>20>25>40 ,e;j taJfspy; Neha;fspd; jhf;fk;
,Uf;Fk;. tpahoDk;> nrt;thAk; ed;ik nra;thu;fs;. ,tu;fs;
Nahffhuu;fs;. ,UtUk; $bapUg;gJ NahfkhdJ.
rpk;kk; : ,e;j ,yf;fpdj;jpy; gpwe;jtu;fs; cztpy;

gpupaKs;stu;fshfTk;> fk;gPuk;> gyk;> cWjp nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;>
jdte;ju;fshfTk;> nja;t ek;gpf;if kpf;ftu;fshfTk; tpj;ijfs;
gyTk; fw;wtu;fshfTk;> rkNahrpj Gj;jp cs;stu;fshfTk;>
Kaw;rpAilatu; -fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs; 4>10>27>30 Mfpa
taJfspy; Neha;> Jd;gk;> cz;lhFk;. ,t;tpuhrpf;fhuu;fSf;F #upad;
nrt;thapdhy; ed;ik cz;lhFk;. nrt;tha; Nahffhud;.
nrt;thAld; Rf;fpud; $bapUe;jhy; NahfKz;lhFk;.
fd;dp : ,e;j ,yf;fpdj;jpy; gpwe;jtu;fs;> ey;y

elj;ijAilatu;fshfTk;> jhd jUkj;jpy; tpUg;Gk;> ek;gpf;ifAk;>
nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;> ,uf;fKs;stu; fshfTk;> kdjpy; tQ;rid
cilatu;fshfTk;> gpwuplkpUe;J nghUl; fisg; ngWgtuhfTk;>
Kaw;rpAila tuhfTk; ,Ug;gu;. ,tu;fSf;F Rf;fpuDk; GjDk;
Nahffhuu;fs;. ,tu;fs; $bapUg;gJ Nahfk;. re;jpud; nrt;tha;>
xxxix
tpahod;> ghtpfs;. ,tu;fSf;F 13>17>19>42 tajpy; Neha;>
gzf;f\;lk; cz;lhFk;.
Jyhk; : ,e;j ,yf;fpdj;jpy; gpwe;jtu;fs;> murpd; ed;kjpg;igg;

ngw;wtu;fshfTk;> ew;FzKk;> nghWikAk;> ,uf;fKk;> ty;yikAk;>
mwpTk; cs;stu;fshfTk;> GfOikatu;fshfTk;> fUiz gpwu;f;Fjtp>
r%fNrit nra;gtu;fshfTk;> GfOilatu;fshfTk;> gupksg;
gpupau;fshfTk; ,Ug;gu;. 7>10>12>19>27 Mfpa taJfspy; mf;fpdp>
thfdk;> ,aw;ifapd; rPw;wk; vd;gtw;why; jPikfs; tUk;. rdp> Gjd;>
Rf;fpudhy; ed;ikAk;> #upad;> nrt;tha;> tpahodhy; Jd;gk; tUk;.
re;jpuDk;> GjDk; Nahffhuu;fs;. ,tu;fs; $bapUe;jhy; Nahfk;
cz;lhFk;.
tpUr;rpfk; :
,t; ,yf;fzj;jpy; gpwe;jtu;fs; gpwiu mDrupj;J
tho;gtu;fshfTk;> jdte;jtu;fshfTk;> mwpTj;jpwd; kpf;ftu;
fshfTk;> jhdju;kj;jpy; tpUg;Gilatu;fshfTk;> tQ;rff; Fzq;fis
cilatuhfTk;> ,dge;Jf;fis md;Gld; cgrupf;fhjtu;fshfTk;>
FLk;gj;jpy; gpupaKs;stu;fshfTk;> vLj;j fhupaj;ij
Kbg;gtu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;. 3>5>9>12>18>40 ,e;j tajpy; fz;l
Njh\Kz;L. mf;fpdp gak;> tp\j;jhYk>; tpgj;Jf;fshYk; Jd;gk;
cz;lhfyhk;.
#upad;> re;jpud;> tpahod;> Rgu;fs;> nrt;tha;> Gjd;> Rf;fpud; ghtpfs;.

#upaDk;> re;jpuDk; Nahffhuu;fs;. ,tu;fs; ,UtUk; $bapUe;jhy;
NahfkhFk;.
jDR:
,e;j ,yf;fzj;jpy; gpwe;jtu;fs; ew;FzKila -tu;fshfTk;>
cz;ikNgRgtu;fshfTk;> nghUs; cilatu; -
fshfTk;>,drdf;$l;lj;ijf; nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;> tpj;ij
kpFe;jtu;fshfTk;> ,Ug;ghu;fs;. 3>4>6>15>18>32>47>,e;j taJfspy;
fz;lNjh\k; cz;L. fz; Neha;fs;> c\;zNeha;fs; tUk;. #upad;>
xl
nrt;tha;> Rgu;fs;. Rf;fpud; ghtp. #upaDk; GjDk; Nahffhuu;fs;.
,tu;fs; ,UtUk; $bapUg;gJ NahfkhFk;.
kfuk; : ,e;j ,yf;fzj;jpy; gpwe;jtu;fs;. jPa Mirfisf;

nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;> Fs;sg;Gj;jp nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;>
Rgepfo;r;rpfisr; nra;gtu;fshfTk;> cghaKs;stu;fshfTk;>
rhfrkhd thu;j;ijfisg; NgRgtu;fshfTk;> Kd;NfhgKs;stu;
fshfTk;> kidtpaplk; gpupaKs;stu;fshfTk;> ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
3>4>7>8>32>37 ,e;j taJfspy; Neha; gPilfs; tWik vd;gd
cz;lhfyhk;.
nrt;tha;>Gjd;> Rf;fpud;> Rgu;fs;. re;jpuDk;> tpahoDk; ghtpfs;.

Rf;fpud;> Nahffhud;> Rf;fpuDk;> GjDk; Nru;e;jpUe;jhy; uh[Nahfk;
Vw;gLk;.
Fk;gk; : ,e;j ,yf;fzj;jpy; gpwe;jtu;fs; ez;gu;fSld; tpNuhjk;

nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;> ngz;fs; kPJ gpupaKs;s tu;fshfTk;> jplkhf
Muha;e;J KbntLg;gtu;fshfTk;> jw;Gfo;r;rpia
tpUk;ghjtu;fshfTk;> ed;wp kwe;jtu;fshfTk;>
Fs;skhdtu;fshfTk;> ke;j Gj;jpAs;stu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
9>10>13>21>30>32 ,e;j tajpy; c\;zj;jhy; gPil thjk; Nghd;w
Neha;fs; jhf;fyhk;.
Rf;fpud;> Gjd;> rdp> Rgu;fs;. re;jpud;> nrt;tha;> tpahod; ghtpfs;.

Rf;fpud; Nahffhud;. Rf;fpud; nrt;thAld; $bapUe;jhy; Nahfk;
cz;lhFk;.
kPdk;: ,e;j ,yf;fzj;jpy; gpwe;jtu;fs; rkag;gw;W

cilatu;fshfTk;> rj;jpathd;fshfTk;> nghUs; kpFe;jtu;f
shfTk;> RfNghfg; gpupau;fshfTk; tUkhdj;jp w;F kpQ;rpa
xli
nrythspfshfTk;> Kd;ndr;rupf;if cilatu;fshfTk;> ,uf;f
Rghtk; cilatu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;. 2>4>11.20>28 ,e;j
taJfspy; c\;zNuhfk;> gpj;jNuhfk; vd;gd cz;lhFk;.
re;jpud;> nrt;tha;> Rgu;fs;. #upad;> Gjd;> Rf;fpud;> rdp ,tu;fs;

ghtpfs;. nrt;thAk; tpahoDk; Nahffhuu;fs;. ,tu;fs;
$bapUe;jhy; Nahfk; cz;lhFk;.
[d;k el;rj;jpu gyd;
mr;Rtpdp :
Kjyhk; ghfk; nja;tgf;jp kpf;ftu;fshfTk;>
jdte;ju;fshfTk;> fy;tpAld; Gj;jpf;$u;ik cs;stu;f shfTk;>
GfOilatu;fshfTk;> gpwupy; ek;gpf;ifapy; yhjtu;fshfTk;>
tPz;thu;ijfs; NgRgtu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
,uz;lhk; ghjk; ngupatu;fis kjpg;gtu;fshfTk;> mtu;fshy;

kjpf;fg;gLgtu;fshfTk;> kw;wtu;fis vspjpy; Gupe;J
nfhs;gtu;fshfTk;> nrhFrhd tho;f;ifia tpUk;Ggtu;f shfTk;
,Ug;ghu;fs;. rka mDl;lhdk; cs;stu;fshfTk;>
Mrpupau;fshfTk;> gpwu;f;F Kd; khjpupahdtu;fshfTk;> mbf;fb
c\;zk; rk;ge;jkhd Neha;F Ml;gLgtu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
rkNahrpj Gj;jpAilatu;fshfTk;> mwpTs;stu;fshfTk;> nja;t

ek;gpf;if kpf;ftu;fshfTk;> cz;ik> Neu;ik> ngha; nrhy;yhik>
kw;wtu;fis kjpf;Fk; gz;Gfs; cs;stu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
%d;whk; ghjk;
xlii
rka mDl;lhdKs;stu;fshfTk;> Mrpupau;fshfTk;> gpwu;f;F
Kd;khjpupahdtu;fshfTk;> mbf;fb c\;zk; rk;ge;jkhd Neha;f;F
Ml;gLgtu;fshfTk;> ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
ehd;fhk; ghjk;
rkNahrpjGj;jp cilatu;fshfTk;> mwpTs;stu;fshfTk;>
nja;tek;gpf;if kpf;ftu;fshfTk;> cz;ik> Neu;ik> ngha; Ngrhik>
kw;wtu;fis kjpf;Fk; gz;Gfs; cs;stu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
guzp : Kjyhk; ghjk; vjpupfisj; jd;trg;gLj;Jgtu; fshfTk;>

ew;FzKs;stu;fshfTk;> jplkhd cliyAilatu;f shfTk;>
kw;wtu;fisg; Gupe;J nfhs;gtu;fshfTk;> nra;ed;wp
kwthjtu;fshfTk;> nrUf;Fk; jpkpUk; cs;stu;fshfTk;> fhk
czu;r;rp cilatu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
,uz;lhk; ghjk; GfOk;> fPu;j;jpAk; cs;stu;fshfTk;> kw;wtu;fis

vspjpy; ftu;e;J jdJ fhupaq;fisr; rhjpg;gtu;f
shfTk;>jhdju;kq;fspy; tpUg;gk; cilatu;fs; MfTk;> vjpupfis
trPfupg;gtu;fshfTk;> gpwuplk; vspjpy; cjtpfisg; ngWgtu;fshfTk;
,Ug;ghu;fs;.
%d;whk; ghjk; mjp\;lrhypfshfTk;> ntFrdg; gpupau;fshfTk;>

cjtpfs; nra;gtu;fshfTk;> kd kfpo;Tilatu;fshfTk;> Raeyk;
kpf;ftu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
xliii
ehd;fhk; ghjk; kw;wtu;fspd; cau;itg; nghWj;Jf;
nfhs;shjtu;fshfTk;> gpbthjk;> nrUf;F> Mztk;
cs;stu;fshfTk;> tQ;ridfs; nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;> rz;ilg;
gpupau;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
fhu;j;jpif : Kjyhk; ghjk; jpwikrhypfshfTk;> fhzpG+kp> tPLfs;

cilatu;fshfTk; nry;te;ju;fshfTk;> mbf;fb
Neha;tha;g;gLgtu;fshfTk;> Kul;Lf;Fzq;fis cilatu;
fshfTk;> nja;tgf;jp cs;stu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
,uz;lhk; ghjk; nja;tgf;jp> rka ek;gpf;ifapy;

ehl;lkpy;yhjtu;fshfTk;> %u;f;fj;jdKk;> jhd; epidj;jit jhd; rup
vd;w vz;zk; nfhz;ltu;fshfTk; fy;tpapy; jpwikAk;> fiyfspy;
tpUg;Gk; nfhz;ltu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
%d;whk; ghjk; : NfhkhspfshfTk;> mLj;jtu;fshy;

gupfrpf;fg;gLgtu;fshfTk;> gpwupd; ntWg;Gf;F Mshgtu; fshfTk;>
ke;jGj;jp cilatu;fshfTk;> ngz;fspd; kPJ ,r;ir
nfhs;gtu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
ehd;fhk; ghjk; tWikAilatu;fshfTk;> Jd;gq;fis mbf;fb

re;jpg;gtu;fshfTk;> NehahspfshfTk;> kdf;Fog;gk;
cs;stu;fshfTk;> gpwiuf; Fiw $Wgtu;fshfTk;> rz;ilg;
gpupau;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
xliv
Nuhfpzp : Kjyhk; ghjk; Nguhir cs;stuhfTk;> ngz;fspd; kPJ
tpUg;gk; cs;stuhfTk;> mwpQu;fspd; el;igg; ngw;wtuhfTk;> moF>
fk;gPuk; nfhz;ltuhfTk;> Cu; Rw;WgtuhfTk;> eLTepiyik
cilatuhfTk; fy;tp khd;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
,uz;lhk; ghjk; : Mrhu mDl;lhdq;fs; cilatuhfTk;> nja;t

ek;gpf;if cilatuhfTk;> ePjp epahafs; cilatuhfTk;>
Nrhjplj;jpy; ek;gpf;if cilatu;fshfTk;> Kd;NfhgpfshfTk;>
ngz;fs; kPJ gpupak; cs;stu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
%d;whk; ghjk; : fy;tpapy; Mu;tKs;stu;fshfTk;> Muha;r;rp

nra;gtu;fshfTk;> fiyfspy; Mu;tKs;stu;fshfTk;> fzpj
NkijfshfTk;> khe;jpuPfk; Nrhjplk; Mfpatw;wpy; ek;gpf;if
cs;stu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
ehd;fhk; ghjk; : mepahaq;fisg; nghWf;f khl;lhjtu;fshfTk;> ePjp>

Neu;ik cs;stu;fshfTk; ngz;fisj; nja;tkhf kjpg;gtu;fshfTk;>
nry;tk; nry;thf;Fs;stu;fshfTk;> Gfo; cs;stu;fshfTk;
,Ug;ghu;fs;.
kpUfrPuplk; : Kjyhk; ghjk; moFk;> jpwikAk;> fy;tpawpTk;

ePq;fhj nry;tKk; cilatu;fshfTk; Mrhu mDl;lhdq;fspy;
ek;gpf;ifapy;yhjtu;fshfTk;> kdf; Fog;gKilatu;fshfTk;>
xlv
nja;tgf;jp cs;stu;fshfTk;> jy ahj;jpiu nra;gtu;fshfTk;>
gpwupd; clikfspy; mthf; nfhz;ltu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
,uz;lhk; ghjk; : ek;gf;$batu;fshfTk;> thf;Fj; jtwhjtu;f

shfTk;>cz;ik> Neu;ik cilatu;fshfTk;> gpwupd; nghUs;kPJ
mf;fiw cs;stu;fshfTk;> Kw; NfhgpfshfTk;> Mrhu
mDl;lhdq;fs; cs;stu;fshfTk;> fhk czu;T mjpfk;
%d;whk; ghjk; jhKk; kfpo;Tld; ,Ue;J kw;wtu;fisAk;

kfpo;tpg;gtuhfTk; nja;tek;gpf;ifAk;> Mrhu mDl;lhdq;fspy;
ek;gpf;if cilatu;fshfTk;> nkd;ikahfTk;> md;ghfTk; Ngrpg;
goFgtuhfTk; gNuhgfhupfshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
ehd;fhk;ghjk;nja;tek;gpf;ifAk;> Mrhu mDl;lhdq;fSk;> fy;tp

mwpTk;> Ez;ikahd Gj;jpAk; gpwiu Nerpg;gtu;fshfTk;> jhd
ju;kq;fs; nra;gtu;fshfTk>; fhk czu;Tk;> gpbthj FzKk;
nrUf;Fk; cs;stu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
jpUthjpiu :Kjyhk; ghjk; kdr;Rj;jk; cilatu;fshfTk;> ,dpa

RghtKs;stu;fshfTk;> fy;tpawpT> jpwik> Gj;jpf;$u;ik
cs;stu;fshfTk;> fyfyg;ghfg; Ngrpg; goFk; jd;ik
cs;stu;fshfTk;> nghUisr; rk;ghjpj;Jr; Nru;j;J itj;jpUg;g tuhfTk;
moF czu;T cs;stu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
xlvi
,uz;lhk; ghjk; fz;bg;ghd Rghtk; cs;stu;fshfTk;> MuhaJ>
Nfhgk; nfhs;sgtu;fshfTk;> ,drd ge;Jf;fSlDk;
ez;gu;fSlDk; Kuz;gLgtuhfTk;> tpthjq;fspy;
<LgLgtu;fshfTk;> ijuparhypfshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
%d;whk;ghjk; gpwUld; xj;Jg;NghfhJ Kuz;gLgtu;f -shfTk;;>

gpwiuf; Nfyp nra;J ,d;gk; milgtu;fshfTk;> moF czu;r;rp
,y;yhjtu;fshfTk;> nfl;ltw;iw tpUk;Ggtu;fshfTk;> mbf;fb
Neha;tha;g;gLgtu;fshfTk; fQ;ru;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
ehd;fhk;ghjk; gpwiu ek;ghjtu;fshfTk;> ,d rdge;Jf;fs;>

ez;gu;fs;> maytu;fSld; fhuzq;fspd;wp Kuz;gl;L
mtkhdkilgtu;fshfTk;> ePjp> Neu;ik ,y;yhjtu;fshfTk;> gzk;
rk;ghjpg;gijNa Nehf;fkhff; nfhz;ltu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
Gdu;G+rk;: Kjyhk;ghjk;. gUj;j ruPuk; cilatu;fshfTk;>

Cf;fkpy;yhjtu;fshfTk;>ciog;gpy; gw;wpy;yhjtu;fshfTk;. Mirfs;
cs;stu;fshfTk;> fy;tpapy; mf;fiw cs;stu;fshfTk;> nry;tj;jpy;
gw;Wf; nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;> jplkhd kdk; ,y;yhjtu;fshfTk;
,Ug;ghu;fs;.
,uz;lhk; ghjk; Mrhu mDl;lhdq;fspYk;> nja;tj;jpd; kPJk;

ek;gpf;if ,y;yhjtu;fshfTk;> cwtpdu;> ez;gu;fSld; kdk; tpl;Lg;
gofhjtu;fshfTk;> ehtd;ik cs;stu;fshfTk;> Mlk;gukhf tho
xlvii
tpUk;Ggtu;fshfTk;> mbf;fb Neha;tha;g;gLgtu;fshfTk;
,Ug;ghu;fs;.
%d;whk; ghjk; cy;yhrg; gpupau;fshfTk;> Cu;

Rw;Wgtu;fshfTk;>cly;mofpy; ftdk; nrYj;jhjtu;fshfTk;>
gpwuhy; tpUk;gg;glhj -tu;fshfTk;> ePz;l MAis
cilatu;fshfTk;> FLk;gj;jpy; gw;Ws;stu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
ehd;fhk; ghjk; mofhdtu;fshfTk;> gpwiuf; ftu;tjpy;

ty;ytu;fshfTk;> gpwUf;F cjtpfs; nra;tij tpUk;Ggtu;fshfTk;>
jhd ju;kg; gpupau;fshfTk;> ed;wp kwthj Fzj;ij
cilatu;fshfTk; jplkhd KbTfis vLg;gtu;fshfTk;
,Ug;ghu;fs;.
G+rk; : Kjyhk; ghjk; fy;tpapy; mf;fiwAk;> jpwikAk;

nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;> nja;tek;gpf;if cilatu;fshfTk;
ngupatu;fis kjpg;gtu;fshfTk;> jhd ju;kq;fs; nra;gtu;fshfTk;
ey;y ez;gu;fis cilatu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
,uz;lhk; ghjk; ,uf;f Rghtk; cs;stu;fshfTk;> gpwUf;Fg;

Gj;jpkjpfs; $Wgtu;fshfTk;> nja;tgf;jp> Mrhuk;
kpFe;jtu;fshfTk;> nry;tk; cilatu;fshfTk;> FLk;gj;jpy;
gw;Ws;stu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
xlviii
%d;whk;ghjk; fyfyg;Gk; Ntbf;ifAk; nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;
,dge;Jf;fs; #o;e;jpUg;gtu;fshfTk;> fy;tpawpTk;> GfOk;
nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;> gpwuhy; kjpf;fg;gLgtu; -fshfTk;> vLj;j
nraiyr; nra;J Kbg;gtu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
ehd;fhk; ghjk;
vt;NtisfspYk; gpwNuhL Kuz;gLgtu;fshfTk;> rpdq;
nfhs;gtu;fshfTk;> fhkk; nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;> kidtpia
Nerpg;gtu;fshfTk;> vjpYk; kdepiwT nfhs;shjtu;fshfTk;
,Ug;ghu;fs;.
Mapypak;: Kjyhk; ghjk; kw;wtu;fSld; Kuz;gLgtu; -

fshfTk;> gpwiu kjpf;fhjtu;fshfTk;> mfq;fhuk; cs;stu;fshfTk;.
jPatopapy; nry;tk; Nru;g;gtu;fshfTk>; ,uf;fkpy;yhjtu;fshfTk;>
gzj;jpy; MirAs;stu; -fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
,uz;lhk; ghjk;
jPa nray;fspy; ehl;lk; cs;stu;fshfTk;> nja;t ek;gpf;if
Fiwe;jtu;fshfTk;> cgNjrk;> MNyhridfs; nra;gtu;fshfTk;>
r%fj;jpy; eilngWk; itgtq;fspy; fye;J nfhs;shjtu;fshfTk;
,Ug;ghu;fs;.
%d;whk; ghjk;
xlix
FLk;gj;jpy; gw;wpy;yhjtu;fshfTk;> kidtp gps;isfisr;
re;Njfpg;gtu;fshfTk;> mfq;fhuk; nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;> gpwuhy;
kjpf;fg;glhjtu;fshfTk;> ePjp epahaq;fis czuhjtu;fshfTk;>
ed;wp ,y;yhjtu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
ehd;fhk; ghjk;
Kulu;fshfTk;> tPz; thu;j;ijfs; NgRgtu;fshfTk;> jPatu;fSld;
cwT nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;> gpwupd; nghUis mgfupf;Fk; Fzk;
nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;> Gfio tpUk;gpj; jfhj nray;fisr;
nra;af;$batu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
kfk; : Kjyhk; ghjk;

jhdju;kk; vd;gtw;wpYk; Mrhu mDl;lhdq;fs;> nja;t ek;gpf;if
vd;gd kpFe;jtuhfTk;> nry;te;ju;fshfTk;> mfykhdkhu;Gk;>
fy;tpawpTk; moFk; cs;stu;fshfTk;> Muha;e;jwpAk; jd;ikAk;>
nghJey Nehf;Fk;> gpwiu kjpf;Fk; jd;ikAk; nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;
,Ug;ghu;fs;.
,uz;lhk; ghjk;
Jd;gq;fs;> Jauq;fs;> el;lq;fis mbf;fb re;jpg;gtu;fshfTk;>
ePjp> Neu;ik> nfsutk; vd;gd cilatu;fshfTk;> vspjpy; czu;r;rp
trg;gLgtu;fshfTk;> ,uf;fk; cs;stu;fshfTk;> FLk;gg; gw;W
kpFe;jtu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
%d;whk; ghjk;
l
KbTfis vLgj;jpy; gytPdu;fshfTk;> gpwiu ek;gp tho;it
elj;Jgtu;fshfTk;> gpwupd; nghUis tpUk;Gtu;fshfTk;> ijupak;
cs;stu;fshfTk;> Mrhuq;fspy; ek;gpf;if cilatu;fshfTk;>
rhJthdtu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
ehd;fhk; ghjk;
FLk;gj;jpw;F cupa Fzq;fs; cilatu;fshfTk;> rUk tpahjpfis
cilatu;fshfTk;> ngz;fis Nerpg;gtu; fshfTk;> myq;fhukhd
thu;j;ijfisg; Ngrp vtiuAk; ftu;e;jpOf;Fk; rf;jp
cs;stu;fshfTk;> ngupNahu; kPJ kjpg;Gilatu;fshfTk;
,Ug;ghu;fs;.
G+uk; : Kjyhk; ghjk;

fy;tp> mwpT> Gj;jpf;$u;ik nry;tk; Mfpad cilatu;fshfTk;>
ngupNahiu kjpg;gtu;fshfTk; ju;k rpe;jidAk;> kfpo;r;rpAk;
cilatu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;. jPuhj Neha; xd;W $l
,Ug;gtuhfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
,uz;lhk; ghjk;
mjp\;l;lk; ,y;yhjtu;fshfTk;> tptrhaj;jpy; tpUg;gk;
cilatu;fshfTk;> tpahghuj;ijj; njhopyhff; nfhz;ltu;
fshfTk;> kjpg;G>Nkd;ik>Gfo; cilatu;shfTk; vjpYk;
jpUg;jpg;glhjtu;fshfTk; ftiyfs; cs;stu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
%d;whk; ghjk;
li
Neu;ikAk;> flTs; gf;jpAk; rh];jpu rk;gpujhaq;fspy;
ek;gpf;ifnfhz;ltu;fshfTk;> ,uf;fk; cs;stu;fshfTk;> gpwu; kPJ
md;Gk;> FLk;gj;jpd; kPJ gw;Wk; nfhz;ltu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
ehd;fhk; ghjk;
rhj;jpu rk;gpujhaq;fspYk;> flTspYk; ek;gpf;if Fiwe;jtu;fshfTk;>
FLk;gk;> cw;whu; cwtpdu;fspy; md;G Fiwe;jtu;fshfTk;>
ngupatu;fis kjpf;fhjtu;fshfTk;> jhd ju;kk; nra;tjpy; <LghL
,y;yhjtu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
cj;juk; : Kjyhk; ghjk; FLk;gk; ,drd ge;Jf;fspd; kPJ md;G

nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;>gps;isfspd; vjpu; fhyj;ijj; jPu;khdpj;J
mjw;fhf ciog;gtu;fshfTk;> r%fj;jpw;F cjtpfs;
Gupgtu;fshfTk;> Mlk;gug; gpupau;fshfTk;> nry;tj;jpy; gw;W
cilatuhfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
,uz;lhk; ghjk;
Jd;gq;fis mbf;fb re;jpg;gtu;fshfTk;> khkpr tiffis
tpUk;gp cz;gtu;fshfTk;> kw;wtu;fis kjpf;fhjtu;fshfTk;>
czT> cil vd;gtw;wpy; gw;whf;Fiw cs;stu;fshfTk;> tha;r;
nrhy;ypy; tPuu;fshfTk;> nja;t ek;gpf;if> Mrhu mDl;lhdq;fspy;
tpUg;gk; Fiwe;jtu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
%d;whk; ghjk;
lii
kpUfq;fs;> gwitfspy; gw;Ws;stu;fshfTk; G+kp rk;ge;jkhd
njhopy;fspy; tpUg;gk; cilatu;fshfTk;> nja;tg; gw;W
kpf;ftu;fshfTk;> rlq;F> rk;gpujhaq;fspy; ek;gpf;if
nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;> Neu;ikahdtu;fshfTk;> gpwiu
kjpg;gtu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
ehd;fhk; ghjk;
ngw;Nwhupd;md;G> cjtpfs; fpilf;fg; ngwhjtu;fshfTk;> rpyu;
ngw;Nwhiur; rpW tajpy; ,of;ff; $batu;fshfTk;> ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
cz;ik> Neu;ik> thf;Fj; jtwhik> ed;wp kwthik Nghd;w ey;y
Fzq;fs; ahTk; nfhz;ltu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
mj;jk; : Kjyhk; ghjk; mfq;fhuKk;> jw;ngUikAk;

nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;> nry;tj;jpy; kpFe;j gw;Wf; nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;>
fy;tpawpTk;> jpwikAk; ey;y njhopYk; nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;> jhd
ju;kq;fspy; tpUg;gKk; nja;t gf;jpapy; rpwe;jtu;fshfTk;
Kw;NfhgpfshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
,uz;lhk; ghjk;
,sk; tajpy; jhahiu ,og;gtu;fshfTk;> fiyfspy; mjpf tpUg;gk;
cs;stu;fshfTk;> jpkpu;> mfq;fhuk;> gpwiu kjpahik Nghd;w
Fzq;fisf; nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;> gpwupd; kjpg;igg;
ngwhjtu;fshfTk;> ijuparhypfshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
liii
%d;whk; ghjk;
tWik cilatu;fshfTk;> je;ijapd; cjtpfs;
,y;yhjtu;fshfTk;> tpahghuj;jpy; jpwik cs;stu;fsh
fTk;>nkd;ikahd kdj;ij cilatu;f -shfTk;> nja;t ek;gpf;if
kpFe;jtu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
ehd;fhk; ghjk;
typikahd clw;fl;il cilatu;fshfTk;> Kaw;rpapy;
jsuhjtu;fshfTk;> kfpo;TlDk;. fyfyg;GlDk; gpwUld; md;Gld;
NgRgtu;fshfTk;> jhahupd; kPJ mjPj gw;Wf; nfhz;ltu;fs;shfTk;>
nja;t ek;gpf;ifAk;> jhd ju;kq;fspy; tpUg;Gk; nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;
,Ug;ghu;fs;.
rpj;jpiu Kjyhk; ghjk; Raeyk; kpf;ftu;fshfTk;. tPz; thu;j;ijfs;

NgRgtu;fshfTk;> r%fj;jplk; gw;wpy;yhjtu; fshfTk;> clypy;
kr;rq;fis cs;stu;fshfTk;> nry;te;jpy; gw;Ws;stu;fshfTk;
gpwUf;F <ahjtu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
,uz;lhk; ghjk;
liv
tWikcilatu;fshfTk;> kdcWjp ,y;yhjtu;fshfTk;> gpwu;
$Wgtw;iw MuhahJ ek;Ggtu;fshfTk; fy;tpapy; Cf;fk;
nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;> caukhdtu;fshfTk;> kw;wtu;fspd; fUj;ij
mwpahjtu;fshfTk;> jPatu;fis ek;Ggtu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
%d;whk; ghjk;
kjpg;G> kupahij> Gfo; cilatu;fshfTk;> ijupa rhypfshfTk;>
gpwuhy; kjpf;fg;gLgtuhfTk;> kjpEl;gk; cilatu;fshfTk;> jhd
ju;k tpUg;Gk;> gpwUf;F cjtpnra;Ak; kdg;ghq;Fk;
nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;> nja;t ek;gpf;if kpf;ftu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
ehd;fhk; ghjk;
vtiuAk; ftuf;$batu;fshfTk;> fy;tpapy; jpwikAila
tu;fshfTk;> nry;te;ju;fshfTk;> vjpYk; ntw;wp ngWgtu;f
shfTk;> vjpupfis trg;gLj;Jgtu;fshfTk;> re;ju;g;gj;jpw;F Vw;wthW
jdJ jFjpfis kwe;J mbikg;gLgtu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
Rthjp :Kjyhk; ghjk; nja;tek;gpf;ifAk;> Mrhu

mDl;lhdq;fisg; Nghjpj;jYk;> Nrhjplj;jpy; mjPj ek;gpf;if
nfhz;ltu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;. ngupNahu;fspd; el;Gk;> nghJ
kf;fspd; kjpg;Gk; cilatu;fshfTk;> mbf;fb fdTfs; fz;L
,d;GWgtuhfTk;> jhdju;kq;fs; nra;agtu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
lv
,uz;lhk; ghjk; : nry;tj;jpdhy; cz;lhFk; Nghfq;fis
mDgtpg;gtu;fshfTk;> ijupaKk; Neuhd Ngr;Rk;
nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;> Gj;jprhypfshfTk;> fw;gidapy;
rQ;rupg;gtu;fshfTk;> nja;t gf;jpAk; tpRthrKk;> Mrhu
mDl;lhdq;fspy; ek;gpf;ifAk; nfhz;ltu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
%d;whk; ghjk;: ,ul;il mu;j;jj;Jld; NgRgtu;fshfTk;>

fyff;fhuu;fshfTk;> jPa nray;fisr; nra;gtu;fshfTk;>
jPatu;fSld; el;Gf; nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;> kw;wtu;fisf;
nfLg;gtu;fshfTk;> MNyhrpf;fhJ Ngrpf; fyfk; cz;L
gz;Zgtu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
ehd;fhk; ghjk;
Kulu;fshfTk;> Kd;NfhgpahfTk;> gpwiu ek;g itj;Jj; jPikfs;
nra;gtu;fshfTk;> fhk czu;T mjpfk; cs;stu;fshfTk;>
FLk;gj;jtiu ek;ghjtu;fshfTk; ngw;NwhUf;F cjtpfs;
nra;ahjtu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
tprhfk;: Kjyhk; ghjk; tpahghuj;jpy; jpwik cs;stu;fshfTk;>

fy;tpapy; jpwik cs;stu;fshfTk;> Gj;jp rhJupaj;Jld;
elg;gtu;fshfTk;> Nrhjplk; fw;wtu;fshfTk;> ,yFthfg; gpwiu
Vkhw;wf; $batu;fshfTk;> vijAk; nra;af; $batu;fshfTk;>
Ngrf; $batu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
,uz;lhk; ghjk;
lvi
jd;idj;jhd; Gfo;gtu;fshfTk;> jdf;F vy;yhk; njupAk; vd;w
vz;zk; nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;>jpwikahf kw;wtu;fisf; ftu;e;J
fhupak; ghu;g;gtu;fshfTk;> Nrhjplk;> mDl;lhdq;fspy; ek;gpf;if
cilatu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
%d;whk; ghjk;
fyfj;ij Muk;gpj;J itg;gjpy; jpwik kpf;ftu;fshfTk;>
epiyikiag; Gupe;J rkhspj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; ty;yik
cs;stu;fshfTk;> jpUl;Lf;Fzk; cilatu;fshfTk;> rz;ilg;
gpupau;fshfTk;> ijuparhypfshfTk; kdj;jplk; kpf;ftu;fshfTk;
,Ug;ghu;fs;.
ehd;fhk; ghjk;
nry;tk;> nry;thf;F cilatu;fshfTk;> Ngr;rpYk; fhupaq;fisr;

rhjpg;gjpYk; jpwik cs;stu;fshfTk;> MNyhrid
toq;Fgtu;fshfTk;> r%fj;jpw;F Kd; khjpupahdtuhfTk;>
jhdju;kj;ij tpUk;gpr; nra;gtu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
mDrk; : Kjyhk; ghjk;

vy;NyhiuAk; ftuf;$batu;fshfTk;> NgRtjpy; ty;ytu;fshfTk;>
Mrhunewp Kiwfisg; Nghw;Wgtu; fshfTk;> nja;tek;gpf;if
kpf;ftu;fshfTk;> MuhAk; jd;ik nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;> jhd
lvii
ju;kq;fisr; nra;gtu;fshfTk;> Nkd;ikahd gjtp
tfpg;gtu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
,uz;lhk; ghjk;
mur tpRthrpfshfTk;> kw;wtu;fisg; Gupe;J fhupa
khw;Wgtu;fshfTk;>fiyfspy; <LghL cilatu;fshfTk;>
ju;krpe;jid cs;stu;fshfTk;> ez;gu;fSf;F cjtpfs;
nra;gtu;fshfTk>; fyfyg;ghdtu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
%d;whk; ghjk;
jPa vz;zq;fis cilatu;fshfTk;> Neha;fs; gyTk;
cs;stu;fshfTk;> gpwupd; fhupaq;fisj; jdJ fhupak; Nghy
epidj;Jr; nra;fpd;wtu;fshfTk;> czTg; gpupau;fshfTk;>
nja;tek;gpf;if nfhz;ltu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
ehd;fhk; ghjk;
jdpikia tpUk;Ggtu;fshfTk;> ez;gu;fs; mjpfk;
,y;yhjtu;fshfTk;>FLk;gj;jpy; gw;W ,y;yhjtu;fshfTk; GfOf;F
kaq;Fgtu;fshfTk;> Mrhu mDl;lhdq;fis
iff;nfhs;gtu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
lviii
Nfl;il : Kjyhk; ghjk;
fiyfspy; ty;ytu;fshfTk;> Ngr;R td;ikAk;> vOj;J td;ikAk;
cs;stu;fshfTk;> Raeyd;fs; cs;stu;fshfTk;> tpflkhfg;
NgRgtu;fshfTk;> mjpfk; fhkczu;T cs;stu;fshfTk;> cly;
typikAs;stu; -fshfTk; FLk;gj;ij Nerpg;gtu;fshfTk;
,Ug;ghu;fs;.
,uz;lhk; ghjk;
Ngr;rhy; fhupaq;fisr; rhjpg;gtu;fshfTk;> tpflkhfTk; NfypahfTk;
NgRgtu;fshfTk;> tapw;wpy; Neha;fs; cs;stu;fshfTk;> MuhahJ>
Nfhgk; nfhs;gtu;fshfTk;> rz;ilg; gpupau;fshfTk;> fiyfspy;
jpwik cs;stu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
%d;whk; ghjk;
gpwUld; Kuz;gLgtu;fshfTk;> ePjp epahaq;fis czuhjtuhfTk;>

jdf;Fj; Njitapy;yhj tplaq;fspy; jiyapl;L kdNtjidfs;
milgtu;fshfTk;> Njhy; tpahjpfis cilatu;fshfTk;
Kw;Nfhgf;fhuu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
ehd;fhk; ghjk;
jdJ eyd;fSf;fhfj; jPanray;fisAk; mQ;rhJ nra;gtu;
fshfTk;> jd;Fyg; ngUikiaf; $wpg; ngUikg; gLgtu;fshfTk;>
kw;wtu;fisf; nfLf;Fk; Fzk; nfhz;ltu;f shfTk;> ePjp> epahak;
lix
ghu;fhjtu;fshfTk;> nja;t ek;gpf;if Fiwe;jtu;fshfTk;
,Ug;ghu;fs;.
%yk; : Kjyhk; ghjk;

mw;gkhd Gj;jpAilatu;fshfTk;> kw;wtu;fs; tho;tijg; ghu;j;Jg;
nghwhikg;gLgtu;fshfTk;> Vkhw;Wf;Fzq;fs; nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;>
nja;tj;ij tzq;fpa gpd; ghtr;nray;fisr; nra;gtu;fshfTk;>
ahiuAk; ek;ghjtu; fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
,uz;lhk; ghjk;
fy;tpapy; Nkk;gl;ltu;fshfTk;> Fs;sg;Gj;jpfs; cs;stu;f shfTk;>
ngha; NgRjy;> Vkhw;Wjy;> ke;jpu je;jpuq;fs; nra;jy;> Mlk;gukhf
tho;jy;> gpwUld; xj;Jg;NghfhJ tpjz;lhthjk; NgRgtuhfTk;>
,Uja Neha;fSf;F MshFgtuhfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
%d;whk; ghjk;
Nrhk;gy;jd;ik kpf;ftu;fshfTk;> Cu; Rw;Wgtu;fshfTk;> jdJ
eydpy; mjpf mf;fiw nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;> mofhd clw;fl;il
cilatu;fshfTk;> gpy;yp> #dpak;> Vty;> khe;jpuPfk; Nghd;wtw;wpy;
kpFe;j ek;gpf;if cilatu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
ehd;fhk; ghjk;
lx
kpFe;j kdtypikAk;> fy;tp cilatu;fshfTk; fy;tp rk;ge;jkhd
njhopy;fspy; kpFe;j jpwik cilatu;fshfTk;> fhupaq;fisr;
rhjpg;gjpy; ty;ytu;fshfTk;> fyfyg;ghfg; Ngrpj; jdJ eyd;fis
epiwNtw;Wgtu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
G+uhlk; : Kjyhk; ghjk;

vt;NtisapYk; kfpo;thf ,Ug;gtu;fshfTk;> fy;tpapy; jpwik
cilatu;fshfTk;> Nkyhd njhopiyr; nra;gtu;fshfTk;> kf;fshy;
tpUk;gg;gLgtu;fshfTk;> ju;kq;fs; nra;gtu;fshfTk; FLk;gj;jpy;
gw;W kpFe;jtu;fshfTk;> ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
,uz;lhk; ghjk;
ez;gu;fs; ,y;yhjtu;fshfTk;> kf;fshy; ntWf;fg;gLg -
tu;fshfTk;> jPa nray;fis mQ;rhJ nra;a tpUk;Ggtu;fshfTk;>
FLk;gj;jpdNuhL Kuz;gLgtu;fsh fTk;> cwtpdu;fshy;
ntWf;fg;gLgtu;fshfTk;> ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
%d;whk; ghjk;
gpwUld; ju;f;fg;gLgtu;fshfTk;> jhd; epidj;jit jhd; rupahdit
vd;w gpbthj Fzk; nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;> Njhy;> tpahjpfis
cilatu;fshfTk;> jdte;ju;fsh fTk;> jPa vz;zq;fs;
nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;> ,stajpy; jhia ,of;ff;$bagyd;
lxi
ehd;fhk; ghjk;
kdtypikAk;> cly; typikAk; nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;> jdJ
fUj;Jf;fis tpl;Lf; nfhLf;fhJ tpthjpg;gtu;fsh fTk;> mw;gkhd
vz;zq;fisAk;> Fs;sg; Gj;jpfisAk; nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;>
ngz;fshy; ntWf;fg;gLgtu;fsh fTk;> nry;tKs;s
RaeythjpfshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
cj;jpuhlk;: Kjyhk; ghjk;

fy;tpapy; Nkd;ik cs;stu;fshfTk;> ey;y njhopy;
ghu;g;gtu;fshfTk;>Gj;jprhJupaj;Jld; ele;J nfhs;gtu;f shfTk;>
rfy tsq;fisg; ngw;wtu;fshfTk;> FLk;gj;jpy; gw;W
kpf;ftu;fshfTk;> jhd ju;kk; nra;jy;> ,uq;Fjy;> Nghd;w
ew;Fzq;fs; cs;stu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
,uz;lhk; ghjk;
fy;tp Nfs;tpfspy; jpwik kpf;ftu;fshfTk;> Ngr;R td;ik
cs;stu;fshfTk;> Nrhjplj;jpy; ehl;lk; cs;stu;fshfTk;> kd
cWjpAs;stu;fshfTk;> jhd ju;kq;fspy; <Lglhjtu;fshfTk;> jdJ
fhupaj;ij ghu;g;gjpy; ty;ytu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
%d;whk; ghjk;
jUzj;jpw;Nfw;wthW mfq;fhukhfg; Ngrpj;jdJ fhupaq;fisr; nra;J
Kbg;gjpy; ty;ytu;fshfTk;> Raeyk;> jPa nray;fs;> Kd;Nfhgk;>
lxii
gpwiu kjpf;fhik> ,uf;fkpd;ik Nghd;w Fzq;fis
cilatu;fshfTk;> FLk;gr; nryitAk; fzf;Fg; ghu;g;gtu;fshfTk;
,Ug;ghu;fs;.
ehd;fhk; ghjk;
jplkhdNjf mikg;Gf; nfhz;ltu;fshfTk; jdJ
fhupaq;fisr;nra;J Kbg;gjpy; ty;ytu;fshfTk; cwtpdNuhL
fyfyg;ghfg;Ngrp cwthb cjTgtu;fshfTk;> jw;ngUik
kpf;ftu;fshfTk;> nry;tijr; Nru;g;gjpy; ty;ytu;fshfTk;
,Ug;ghu;fs;.
jpUNfhzk; : Kjyhk; ghjk;

ijupak; kpf;ftu;fshfTk;> fy;tpapy; jpwikAs;stu;fsh fTk;> jhd;
vd;w fu;tk; nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;> rhj;jpu rk;gpujhaq;fspYk;
flTspYk; mjPj ek;gpf;if nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;> ez;gu;fs; mjpfk;
cs;stu;fsh fTk;> FLk;gj;jpdu; kPJk; cwtpdu;fs; kPJk;
gw;Wf;nfhz;ltu; fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
,uz;lhk; ghjk;
fy;tpahsu;fshfTk;> jpwikfs; gyTk; cs;stu;fsh fTk;>
fiyfspy; ty;Ydu;fshfTk;> jdte;ju;fshfTk;> jpwikAs;s
tu;fis kjpf;Fk; jd;ik nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;> fhk czu;r;rp mjpfk;
cs;stu;fshfTk;> gpwiu ek;ghjtu;fshfTk;> cs;sij Neupw;
NgRgtu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
%d;whk; ghjk;
lxiii
r%fNritfs; nra;gtu;fshfTk;> fw;gid kpFe;jtu;fshfTk;>
kw;wtu;fisg; Gupe;J nfhs;gtu;fsh fTk;> ,uf;fk;
,y;yhjtu;fshfTk;> jhdju;kq;fspy; ngUtpUg;G ,y;yhjtu;fshfTk;>
vspjpy; Vkhw;wkilahjtu;fshfTk;> mbf;fb
Neha;tha;g;gLgtuhfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
ehd;fhk; ghjk;
nry;tk;> nry;thf;F cs;stu;fshfTk;> jhd ju;kq;fspy; ek;gpf;if
cs;stu;fshfTk;> fhzp> G+kp cilatu;fsh fTk;> jPa vz;zq;fs;
cilatu;fshfTk;> fy;tpawpT cs;stu;f shfTk;> ,uf;fKk;
md;Gk; nfhz;ltu;fsh fTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
mtpl;lk; : Kjyhk; ghjk;

MNyhrpf;fhJ jhd; epidj;jgb fUkkhw;Wgtu;fshfTk;> gpwupd;
nrhw;fisf; Nfl;fhjtu;fshfTk;> fhzp> G+kp> nry;tk;> nry;thf;Ffs;
cs;stu;fshfTk;> vijAk; JzpTld; nra;gtu;fshfTk;
,Ug;ghu;fs;.
,uz;lhk; ghjk;
FLk;gj;ij mDrupj;Jr; nry;gtu;fshfTk;> ve;NeuKk; Nahridapy;
,Ue;J gy;NtW tifahd Kuzhd vz;zq;fisf;
nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;> mfq;fhuk; nfhz;ltu;f shfTk;> gpwiu
kjpf;fhjtu;fshfTk;> mrLfshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
lxiv
%d;whk; ghjk;
fk;gPuk;> moF> ijupak; vd;gd cilatu;fshfTk;> ePjp> Neu;ik
jtwhjtu;fshfTk;> flik czu;T cs;stu;fshfTk;> nja;t
ek;gpf;if kpf;ftu;fshfTk;> FLk;gj;jpy; gw;Wf; nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;
,Ug;ghu;fs;.
ehd;fhk; ghjk;
MuhahJNgrp Kuz;gLgtu;fshfTk;> ijuparhypfshfTk;>
clypy;Nuhkk; kpFe;jtu;fshfTk;> gpwiu Vkhw;wpj; jdJ fhupaj;ijr;
rhjpg;gtu;fshfTk;> fhkf;Fzk; kpFe;jtu;fshfTk;> gpwiu
kjpf;fhjtu;fsh fTk;> fu;tk; nfhz;ltu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
rjak; : Kjyhk; ghjk;

mofhd Njhw;wj;ijAk; jplkhd kdijAk; nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;>
gz;izj; njhopiy tpUk;Ggtu;fsh fTk;> jhd ju;kq;fspy; tpUg;gk;
nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;> jdJ fhupaj;ijr; rhjpg;gtu;fshfTk;> tuTf;F
kpQ;rpa nryT nra;gtu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
,uz;lhk; ghjk;
Vkhw;Wf; Fzq;fisf; nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;> Kw;Nfhgpfsh fTk;>
jhdju;kq;fspy; tpUg;gk;cs;stu;fshfTk;> nray;tPuu;fshfTk;> jPa
topfspy; nry;tk; Nru;f;Fk; jd;ik nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;> nja;t
ek;gpf;if cs;stu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
lxv
%d;whk; ghjk;
nghJey Nehf;fq;fs; nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;> gpwUf;F cjTk; jd;ik
nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;> ew;Fzq;fs; gyTk; nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;>
vspjpy; czu;r;rp trg;gLgtu;fsh fTk;> epidj;jtw;iwr;
rhjpg;gtu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
ehd;fhk; ghjk;
vijAk; nghWikAld; Nfl;Lj; njupe;J nfhs;gtu;fsh fTk;> jPu
MNyhrpj;J KbT vLg;gtu;fshfTk;> ey;y gz;GfSk;> cjTk;
kdg;ghq;Fk; cs;stu;fshfTk;> Kaw;rpAilatu;fshfTk;> kjpg;G>
Gfo;> nfsutk; vd;gd cilatu;fshfTk;> ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
G+ul;lhjp : Kjyhk; ghjk;

gpwupd; kd ,ay;Gfis mwpe;J mjw;Nfw;g ele;J ey;y ngaiug;
ngw;Wf; fhupaq;fisr; nra;J Kbg;gtu;fsh fTk;> FLk;gj;Jld;
kfpo;Tld; tho;gtu;fshfTk;> FLk;gj;jpd; Njitfis
cld;epiwNtw;Wgtu;fshfTk;> nja;t gf;jpAk;> kfpo;r;rpAk;
nfhz;ltu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
,uz;lhk; ghjk;
FLk;gj;jpy; gw;Ws;stu;fshfTk;> fhk czu;T cs;stu;fshfTk;>
Mrhu mDl;lhdq;fspYk;> flTspYk; ek;gpf;if
nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;> MuhahJ NgRgtu;fsh fTk;>ngupatu;fspd;
lxvi
kjpg;igg; ngWgtu;fshfTk;> kf;fshy; kjpf;fg;gLgtu;fshfTk;
,Ug;ghu;fs;.
%d;whk; ghjk;
fy;tpapy; Nkk;gl;ltu;fshfTk;. fiyfspy; ehl;lk;
cs;stu;fshfTk;> kw;wtu;fisg; Ngr;rhy; ftuf;$batu;fshfTk;>
czT tiffspy; Mir mjpfk; cs;stu;fshfTk;> nry;tk;
Nru;g;gjpy; Mir cs;stu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
ehd;fhk; ghjk;
ePjp> Neu;ik jtwhjtu;fshfTk;> rj;jpaj;jpw;fhfg;
NghuhLgtu;fshfTk;> ez;gu;fSld; fyfyg;ghfg; Ngrp vtiuAk;
ftu;gtu;fshfTk;> mofhdtu;fshfTk;> cjtpfs; nra;tjpy;
tpUg;Gilatu;fshfTk;> kjpg;G kupahij cs;stu;fshfTk;
,Ug;ghu;fs;.
cj;jul;lhjp : Kjyhk; ghjk;

jplkhd kdKs;stu;fshfTk;> jkJ jpl;lq;fis vspjpy; khw;wpf;
nfhs;shjtu;fshfTk;> kw;wtu;fisf; ftUk; tz;zk;
Ngrf;$batu;fshfTk;> fy;tp> nry;tk;> nry;thf;Ffs;
cs;stu;fshfTk;> nja;t ek;gpf;ifAk;> jhd ju;kq;fspy; tpUg;Gk;
,uz;lhk; ghjk;
fy;tpapy; jpwikrhypfshfTk;> jplkhd kdk; ,y;yhjtu;fshfTk;>
Mil Mguzq;fis tpUk;Ggtu;fsh fTk;> fgl Nehf;fq;fs;
lxvii
cs;stu;fshfTk;> cjtpfs; gyTk; Njitawpe;J nra;gtu;fshfTk;>
jPa ez;gu;fSld; njhlu;Gfs; cs;stu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
%d;whk; ghjk;
nja;tek;gpf;if kpf;ftu;fshfTk;> FLk;gj;jpdu;> cwtpdu;>
ez;gu;fSld; Njitapd;wp Kuz;gLgtu;fshfTk;> Kw;Nfhgk;
nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;> fPohd Gj;jpfisf; nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;>
MuhahJ fUkkhw;Wgtu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
ehd;fhk; ghjk;
fy;tp> mwpT> Gj;jpf;$u;ik cs;stu;fshfTk;> FLk;gj;jtu;>
cwtpdu;fs;> ez;gu;fs; MfpNahiu kjpj;J elg;gtu;fshfTk;>
jhdjUkq;fspy; tpUg;G cilatu;fsh fTk;> gapu;r;nra;ifapy;
Mu;tk; cs;stu;fshfTk;> jpUg;jp ,y;yhjtu;fs; MfTk;
,Ug;ghu;fs;.
Nutjp : Kjyhk; ghjk;

fy;tpawpT cs;stu;fshfTk;> gpwupd; Ngr;irf; Nfshjtu;fshfTk;>
FLk;gj;jpdupy; mjpf gw;Wf; nfhz;ltu;shfTk;>
fyfyg;ghdtu;fshfTk;> rpwpa tplaq;fisAk;> ngupjhf vLj;J
tpthjpf;Fk; jd;ik nfhz;ltu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
,uz;lhk; ghjk;
lxviii
kpfTk; vspikahd tho;f;ifia tpUk;Ggtu;fshfTk;> MuhahJ
thjpl;L Kw;Nfhgj;jhy; fyfj;jpy; <LgLgtu;fshfTk;> jd;idg;
Gfo;gtu;fshfTk;> fu;tk;nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;> nja;t ek;gpf;ifAk;>
Mrhu mDl;lhdq;fspy; gw;Wf; nfhz;ltu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
%d;whk; ghjk;
tho;f;ifapy; mbf;fb Jd;gq;fisr; re;jpg;gtuhfTk;> vjw;Fk;
czu;r;rp trg;gLgtuhfTk;> kw;wtu;fis kjpg;gtu;fshfTk;>
Kaw;rpapy;yhjtu;fshfTk;> gpwUf;Fj; jPq;Ffs; nra;gtu;fshfTk;>
FLk;gj;jtu; maytu;> ez;gu;fSld; Kuz;gLgtu;fshfTk;
,Ug;ghu;fs;.
ehd;fhk; ghjk;
ePjp>Neu;ik cilatu;fshfTk;> thf;Fj; jtwhjtu; fshfTk;> jhd
ju;kq;fs; nra;gtuhfTk;> kw;wtu;fspd; Jd;gq;fspy;
gq;Nfw;ghu;fshfTk;> vjpupfis ,yFtpy; ntw;wp nfhs;thu;fshfTk;>
rfy nrsfupaq;fisAk; jkJ Kaw;rpahy; Njbf; nfhs;gtu;fshfTk;
,Ug;ghu;fs;.
re;jpuuhrpg; gyd;
lxix
Nklk; :
Nkluhrpapy; gpwe;jtu;fs;fs;> nry;tj;jpw;F cupatu;fsh thu;fs;>
fhzp>G+kp> epyGyd;fSf;F cupatu;fshfTk;> GfOk; fPu;j;jpAk;> mur
nfsutq;fSk; ngWthu;fs;. ,tu;fs; Raeyk; cilatu;fshfTk;>
Kd;NfhgpfshfTk;> kw;wtu;fisg; Gupe;J nfhs;shjtu;fshfTk;>
fy;tp> Nfs;tpfspy; rpwe;jtu;fsh fTk;> cau; gjtpfs;
tfpg;gtu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
,lgk; :
,lguhrpapy; gpwe;jtu;fs;> njhopypy; rpwpJ Nrhk;gy; jd;ikAk;>
vijAk; myl;rpakhf Vw;Fk; gz;GfSk; nfhz;bUg;ghu;fs;.
fzpjj;ij tpUg;gpf; fw;ghu;fs;. myq;fhug; gpupau;fshd ,tu;fs;
Mil> Mguzq;fisr; Nru;g;gu;. rhj;jpu rk;gpujhaq;fspy;
ek;gpf;ifAk;> tpflkhd Nghf;Fk;> FLk;gj;jpy; gw;Wk;> gps;isfspd;
Kd;Ndw;wj;jpy; mjpf ftdKk; nfhz;bUg;ghu;fs;. nry;tk;>
nry;thf;Fg;> nghUs; gz;lq;fs; ,Ug;gpDk; fQ;ru;fshfNt
,Ug;ghu;fs;.
kpJdk; :
kpJd uhrpapy; gpwe;jtu;fs;> jpl;lkpl;Lr; nrayhw;Wtjpy;
ty;ytu;fshfTk;> fzpjj;jpy; Nju;r;rp ngw;wtu;fshfTk;> Ngr;R
ty;yik cs;stu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;. jkJ nraiy Kbf;fj;
je;jpuq;fisr; nra;thu;fs;. Mrhu mDl;lhdq;fspy; ek;gpf;ifAk;>
lxx
fz;bg;Gk;> <ahj jd;ikAk; nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;> fiyfspy;
ty;ytu;fsh fTk;> jdte;ju;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
flfk; :
flfuhrpapy; gpwe;jtu;fs;> fy;tpapy; jpwikAk;> fyfyg;ghd RghtKk;>
Mrhu mDl;lhdq;fspy; msTf;F mjpfkhd gw;Wf;
nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;> Raeyd; kpf;ftu;fshfTk;> Vkhw;Wg; Ngr;Rk;>
jpwikAk;> Gfioj; Njbr;nry;tgtu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;. md;G
fhl;LtjpYk; mf;fiw nfhs;tjpYk; fhupa khw;WtjpYk;> jpl;lkply;
,Uf;Fk;. kw;wtu;fis vspjpy; ek;gkhl;lhu;fs;. fhuzkpd;wp
ahUlDk; gofkhl;lhu;fs;. r%fj;jplk; ed;kjpg;Gg; ngwhjtu;fshfTk;
,Ug;ghu;fs;. jPa topfspy; nrhj;Jr; Nru;g;gJk;> gpwiu Vkhw;WtJk;
,tu;fSf;Ff; ifte;j fiy.
rp;k;kk; :
,e;j uhrpapy; gpwe;jtu;fs; vjw;Fk; mQ;rhj ijupak;
cilatu;fshfTk;> thf;F td;ikAk;> fy;tpapy; Nkd;ikAk;> rhj;jpu
rk;gpujhaq;fspy; ek;gpf;ifAk; cilatu;fshfTk;> GfOlDk;
nry;tj;JlDk;> r%fj;jpy; ed;kjpg;GlDk; tho;gtu;fshfTk;
,Ug;ghu;fs;. njhopypy; Cf;fKk;> nry;tk; Nru;g;gjpy; tpUg;Gk;
nfhz;l ,tu;fs; FLk;gj;jtu;fSld; kfpo;Tld; tho;thu;fs;.
Nkyhd gjtp tfpg;gtu;fs;> jpkpUk;> MztKk; nfhz;L kw;wtu;fis
kjpf;fhJ tho;thu;fs;.
fd;dp :
lxxi
,e;j ,uhrpapy; gpwe;Njhu; thahbfshfTk;> mfk;ghtk;
kpf;ftu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;. nry;tj;ijg; ngw;wpUg;gpDk; mbf;fb
gzj;jl;Lg;ghL epyTk;. fy;tpawpTk;> jahs FzKk; nfhz;l
,tu;fs;> gpwUf;F cjtpfSk; MNyhridfSk; $Wthu;fs;. Mrhu
mDl;lhdq;fspy; ek;gpf;if nfhz;Ls;s ,tu;fs; gpwUf;F
cjTtjpy; tpUg;gKs;stu;fshf ,Ug;ghu;fs;. ngw;Nwhu;>
cwtpdu;fs;> ez;gu;fSf;fhfr; nryT nra;jNghJk; cjtp ngWNthu;
,tu;fis kjpf;f khl;lhu;fs;.
Jyhk; :
,e;j ,uhrpapy; gpwe;Njhu;> rfy trjpfisAk; nfhz;ltu;fshf
,Ug;ghu;fs;. nghUSf;Fj; jl;Lg;ghL Vw;glkhl;lhJ. Vw;gl;lhYk;
gpwu; typa te;J cjTthu;fs;. ngupa kdpju;fspd; cjtpAk;
xj;jhirfSk; ,tu;fSf;F vg;NghJk; ,Uf;Fk;. FLk;gg;
nghWg;Gs;stu;fshf ,Ug;ghu;fs;. nja;tek;gpf;if cs;s ,tu;fs;
cWjpahd kdKk;> cWjpahd Ngr;Rk;> fz;zpakhdNghf;Fk;
nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;> mLj;jtu;fspd; tplaj;jpy;
jiyaplhjtu;fshfTk;> jdJ fUkq;fspy; mf;fiw
tpUl;rpfk; :
tpUl;rpf uhrpapy; gpwe;jtu;fs;> jhk; nra;a epidg;gij ed;F
jpl;lkpl;l gpd;Ng mtjhdj;Jld; nra;thu;fs;. kdj;ijupaKk;
clw;gyKk; nfhz;l ,tu;fs; ahiuAk; trPfukhfg; Ngrpf;fhupaj;ijr;
lxxii
rhjpg;ghu;fs;. ey;y gz;G nfhz;l ,tu;fSf;F cjtg; gyu;
fhj;jpUg;ghu;fs;. ngupatu;fspd; kPJ tpRthrKk;> FLk;gj;jpd; kPJ
gw;Wk;> nfhz;l ,tu;fs; Mlk;gug; gpupau;fs;. Gfo;e;J Ngrpdhy;
kaq;fptpLthu;fs;. rz;il rr;ruTfis tpUk;g khl;lhu;fs;. Mdhy;
tUk; gpur;rpidfisj; ijupakhf vjpu;nfhs;tu;.
jDR :
rpWtajpypUe;Nj nry;tk;> nry;thf;F cs;stu;fsh fTk;> fy;tpawpT
kpf;ftu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;. nja;t topghl;by; ek;gpf;ifAk;>
FLk;gj;jpy; tpRthrKk;> ngupatu;fspd; el;igAk; ngw;wpUg;ghu;fs;.
jkJ fhupaq;fisr; rhjpg;gjpy; ty;ytu;fshfTk;> cau; gjtpiag;
ngWtjpy; mf;fiw cs;stu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;. md;ghd FLk;gk;
mikAk;. ,Wjpf;fhyk; tiu nry;tj;Jld; thOk; ,tu;fs;
Mlk;gug; gpupau;fs;. Raeyk; kpf;ftu;fs;.
kfuk; :
,e;j ,uhrpapy; gpwe;jtu;fs;> fy;tp> fiy> Nfs;tpfspy;
Nkd;ikAs;stu;fshfTk;> cau;e;j vz;zq;fis cilatu;f
shfTk;> nja;tgf;jp kpf;ftu;fshfTk;> me;j];Jf;F Vw;wtu;fNshL
el;Gk;> ngupatu;fspd; md;Gk; MjuTk; cs;stu;fshfTk;>
Neu;ikahd Ngr;Rk;> kjpg;ghd tho;Tk; nfhz;ltu;fshf ,Ue;jhYk;>
FLk;gj;jpy; mbf;fb Fog;gq;fs; cz;lhfpf; fyq;Fgtu;fshf
,Ug;ghu;fs;. jd;id kjpf;fhjtiu kjpf;fhj ,tu;fs; nra;a
lxxiii
epidg;gtw;iwr; nra;J Kbj;j gpd;Ng NtW tplaq;fspy; ftdk;
nrYj;Jthu;fs;. nry;tk; nry;thf;Fld; gpw;fhyj;jy; tho;thu;fs;.
Fk;gk; :
,e;j ,uhrpapy; gpwe;jtu;fs; fy;tpahsu;fshfTk;> Mrhu
mDl;lhdq;fis mDl;bg;gtu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
fy;tpf;Nfw;wgb cau; gjtpfs; ngWtJ fbdkhdjhf ,Uf;Fk;.
kw;wtu;fis kjpahj FzKk; gopthq;Fk; FzKk; nfhz;ltu;fshf
,Ug;ghu;fs;. jd;id msTf;F kPwp ek;Gk; jd;ikAk; mjdhy;
mtkhdkilAk; epiyAk; ,Uf;Fk;. FLk;gj;jpdu; vd;d nra;jhYk;
Fiw $Wgtu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;. ngz;fSldhd cwTfs;
gpur;rpidfisj; jUtjhf mikAk;.
kPdk; :
,e;j ,uhrpapy; gpwe;jtu;fs; kdJf;Fs; jpl;lkpl;L ,ufrpakhfj;
jdJ fhupaq;fisg; ghu;g;ghu;fs;. gpd; jhd; nra;j nray;fisf;$wpg;
ngUikg;gLthu;fs;. ez;gu;fspd; Nru;f;if Fiwthdjhf ,Uf;Fk;.
Ngr;rpd;gb tho khl;lhu;fs;. nrhd;dtw;iw clNd kwe;J
,d;ndhd;iwr; nrhy;thu;fs;. gzk; nghUs; Mil Mguzq;fspy;
kpf;f gpupaKs;stu;fshf ,Ug;ghu;fs;. gpwiu Vtpf; fUkk; Mw;wp
tho;thu;fs;. Kd;vr;rupf;ifAld; tho;e;jhYk; mbf;fb rpf;fy;fspy;
khl;bf; nfhs;thu;fs;.
lxxiv
Nfhrhu gyd;
jhd; ,Uf;Fk; ,lj;ij tpl;L mLj;j ,lj;jpw;F xU fpufk;
nry;tjhy; kdpjDf;F Vw;glg;NghFk; gyidf; Nfhrhu gyd; vd;gu;.
xU Foe;ij gpwe;j Neuj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L fpufq;fspd;
epiyiaf; fzpg;gJ rhjfk; vdg;gLk;. ,ijj; jrhGj;jp gyd; vd;Wk;
nrhy;tu;. fpufq;fs; vg;NghJk; mire;J nfhz;Nl ,Uf;Fk;.
mt;tirtpd; %yk; xU fpufk; xU tPl;by; ,Ue;J ,d;ndhU
tPl;bw;Fr; nry;Yk;. ,e;j ,lkhw;wj;jpd; gyd;fs; Nfhrhu gyd;
vdg;gLk;. mjdhy; xUtuJ vjpu;fhyg; gyidf;$Wtjw;F
[hjfj;ijAk; Nfhrhuj;ijAk; fzpj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
[hjfj;jpYk; Nfhrhuj;jpYk; fpufq;fs; ey;y ,lq;fspy; ,Ue;jhy;

ey;y gyd;fs; rhjUf;F cz;lhFk;.
[hjfg; gyd; ed;whfTk; Nfhruhgyd; jPjhfTk; ,Ue;jhy; ey;y

gyd;fs; Fiwthdjhf ,Uf;Fk;.
[hjfg;gyd; ed;whf ,Ue;J Nfhrhu gyd; jPjhf ,Ue;jhYk; ey;y

gyid vjpu;ghu;f;f KbahJ.
fPOs;s gyd;fisg; ghu;f;F Kd; me;j tUlg; gQ;rhq;fj;ij vLj;Jf;

fpufq;fspd; epiyia mwpe;J nfhs;sTk;. FU xt;nthU uhrpapYk;
xU tUlk; rQ;rupg;ghu;. uhFTk; NfJTk; xU ,uhrpapy; xd;wiu
tUlq;fs; rQ;rupg;ghu;fs;. rdp xU uhrpapy; ,uz;liu tUlq;fs;
lxxv
rQ;rupg;ghu;. ,jdhy; ,e;j ehy;tupd; gaNd cr;rkhf ,Uf;Fk;.
Voiur; rdpnad;gJ gd;dpuz;lhtJ> KjyhtJ ,uz;lhtJ
uhrpfspy; rdp rQ;rupg;gjhFk;. ,f;fhyk; ngUk;ghYk; Jd;gq;fs;
epiwe;jjhfNt ,Uf;Fk;.
rhjfj;jpy; re;jpud; cs;s ,uhrpf;Ff; fpufq;fspd; gyd;.

#upad; :
,yf;fpdj;jpy; ,Ue;jhy;> Neha; FLk;gf; f\;lk;> njhy;iyfs;>
tpNuhjk;> el;lk; cz;lhFk;.
,uz;by; ,Ue;jhy;> njhopypy; el;lk;> fhupaf;NfL> mfhy Nghrdk;>

FLk;gf; fyfk;> Neha; cz;lhFk;.
%d;wpy; ,Ue;jhy;> gztUif> fhupa rpj;jp> Rgr;nryT> fld; t#y;>

kfpo;r;rp cz;lhFk;.
ehd;fpy; ,Ue;jhy;> ngz;fshy; Jd;gk;> mtkhdk;> gz tpuak;>
tWik> fhupaf; NfL cz;lhFk;.
lxxvi
Ie;jpy; ,Ue;jhy;> giftuhy; njhy;iy> gzf;f\;lk;> FLk;g
tpNuhjk;> ez;gUld; gif> fhupaf;NfL cz;lhFk;.
Mwpy; ,Ue;jhy;> njhopy;tpUj;jp> gztuT> Mguzr; Nru;f;if>

ez;gu; cjtp> Mjhak; cz;lhFk;.
Vopy; ,Ue;jhy;> mbikg;gly;> njhopypy; rpf;fy;> mtkhdk;>

gzj;jl;Lg;ghL gif cz;lhFk;.
vl;by; ,Ue;jhy;> mur gak;> njhopy; ,og;G> tpNuhjk;> gzKil

giftuhy; Jd;gk; cz;lhFk;.
xd;gjpy; ,Ue;jhy;> tpgj;J> Kuz;ghL> tof;F> gzj;jl;Lg;ghL>

Neha; cz;lhFk;.
gj;jpy; ,Ue;jhy;> Kaw;rp gypjk;> njhopy; tpUj;jp> gztuT>

Rgr;nryT> Mguzr;Nru;f;if cz;lhFk;.
gjpndhd;wpy; ,Ue;jhy;> tUkhdk; cau;T> njhopy; tpUj;jp> fhzp

G+kpr; Nru;f;if> Gj;jpuuhy; kfpo;r;rp cz;lhFk;.
gd;dpuz;by; ,Ue;jhy;> kdf;fpNyrk;> njhopy; khw;wk;> Jd;gk;>

gzf;f\;lk;> Neha; cz;lhFk;.
lxxvii
re;jpud;
,yf;fpdj;jpy; ,Ue;jhy;>tpUe;jpdu; tUif> ngz;fshy; cjtp> epk;kjp>
gzr;Nru;f;if> FLk;gRfk;.
,uz;by;,Ue;jhy;> njhopw;NfL> FLk;gf;fyfk;> gzKil> gif>

fyfk;.
%d;wpy; ,Ue;jhy;> jdyhgk;> Mil Mguzr;Nru;f;if> FLk;gj;jpy;

kfpo;r;rp> gifePq;fy;> kfpo;r;rp
ehd;fpy; ,Ue;jhy;> cwtpdu; gif> jd ehrk;> njhopw;NfL> giftupd;

njhy;iy> ,lkhw;wk;.
Ie;jpy; ,Ue;jhy;> Neha; mjpfupj;jy;> fhupaf;NfL> kdf;Fog;gk;>

Gj;jpuuhy; ftiy> ngz;fshy; njhy;iy.
Mwpy; ,Ue;jhy;> gifePq;fy;> FLk;gj;jpy; kfpo;r;rp> jdtuT> t];jpu

yhgk;> tPL fl;ly;.
Vopy; ,Ue;jhy;>jdr; Nru;f;if> gpwehl;bduhy; cjtp> FLk;gRfk;>

fy;tpapy; Nkd;ik> Mguzr; Nru;f;if.
vl;by; ,Ue;jhy;> fyfk;. vjpupfshy; njhy;iy> ,lkhw;wk;.

fsTNghjy;> FLk;ggpupT.
lxxviii
xd;gjpy; ,Ue;jhy;> jpUlu; gak;> Neha;j;jhf;fk;> gzf;f\;lk;>
tp\gak;> njhopypy; el;lk;.
gj;jpy; ,Ue;jhy;> gjtp cau;T> jdtuT> Neha; ePq;fy;> rupahd

,lkhw;wk;> kfpo;r;rp
gjpndhd;wpy; ,Ue;jhy;> njhopypy; tUkhdk; mjpfupg;G> cwtpdu;

cjtp> kfpo;r;rp> vz;zpait if$ly;> Rfk;.
gd;dpuz;by; ,Ue;jhy;> fhupaj;jil> gif mjpfupj;jy;> kdf;Fog;gk;>

Kuz;ghL> gzj;jl;Lg;ghL.
nrt;tha; NfJ :
,yf;fpdj;jpy,
; Ue;jhy;>giftuhy; njhy;iy> njhopw;NfL> epk;kjp
FiwT> el;lk;> Neha;
,uz;by; ,Ue;jhy;> Kuz;gly;> thf;Fthjk;> mur gak;> giftuhy;

njhy;iy.
%d;wpy; ,Ue;jhy;> nja;t mDf;fpufk;> jdtuT> fhuparpj;jp> rj;JU
Iak;> FLk;geyk;.
ehd;fpy; ,Ue;jhy;> tp\gak;> fld;gly;> Neha;> tuTf;fjpfkhd

nryT> FLk;gf; f\;lk;.
lxxix
Ie;jpy; ,Ue;jhy;> FLk;gj;jpy; Fog;gk;> murgak;> vjpupfshy;
njhy;iy> njhopyp;y; el;lk;> tpgj;J
Mwpy; ,Ue;jhy;> nghUl;Nru;f;if> fhzp> G+kp NrUjy;> vjpupfs;
cjty;> FLk;gj;jpy; kfpo;r;rp> trjpahd ,lhw;wk;.
Vopy; ,Ue;jhy;> miyr;ry;> jpUlu;gak;> FLk;gf;fyfk;> rj;JUgPil>
njhopypy; el;lk;.
vl;by; ,Ue;jhy;> tpgj;J Nehahy; nryT> jP> tp\gak;> Jd;gk; jUk;

,lkhw;wk;> kdf;Fog;gk;
xd;gjpy; ,Ue;jhy;> nghUs; ,og;G> gzf;f\;lk; Nehahy; mtjp>

FLk;geyd; ghjpg;G> Njhy;tp.
gj;jpy; ,Ue;jhy;> fhupaj;jil> jpUlu;gak;> Njhy;tpahjp> kdf;Fog;gk;>

tpgj;J.
gjpndhd;wpy; ,Ue;jhy;> jdyhgk;> Rgr;nryT> fhupa ntw;wp> Mil
Mguzr; Nru;f;if> tpUk;gpait epiwNtwy;.
gd;dpuz;by; ,Ue;jhy;>
gpj;jNuhfk;> gw;ww;w epiy> tPz;fyfk;> njhopypy; rpf;fy;> Kuz;ghL.
Gjd;
,yf;fzj;jpy; ,Ue;jhy;> njhopw;NfL> FLk;gj;jpy; fyfk; Ntz;lhj
,lkhw;wk;> gpupT> gzr;nryT>
lxxx
,uz;by; ,Ue;jhy;> Kd;Nfhgk;> Kuz;ghL> mtkhdk;> J}uNjrthrk;>
mbikg;gly;>
%d;wpy; ,Ue;jhy;> vjpupfshy; Jd;gk;> FLk;gj;jpy; fyfk;> murgak;>

njhopw;NfL> gzj;jl;Lg;ghL.
ehd;fpy; ,Ue;jhy;> gzr;Nru;f;if> FLk;gj;jpy; kfpo;r;rp> epidj;jit

epiwNtwy;> ez;gu; cjtp> epidj;jit eilngWk;.
Ie;jpy; ,Ue;jhy;> FLk;gg;gpupT> tpNuhjk;> Kd;Nfhgk;> tof;F> J}uNjr

thrk;.
Mwpy; ,Ue;jhy;> gjtp cau;T> njhopy; tpUj;jp> gzr;Nru;f;if>

epidj;jit eilngWk;. FLk;gj;jpy; kfpo;r;rp.
Vopy; ,Ue;jhy;> FLk;gg;gpupT. Kuz;ghL> jdtpiuak;> njhopypy;

gpur;rpid> giftu; njhy;iy.
vl;by; ,Ue;jhy;> FLk;gj;jpy; kfpo;r;rp> jdyhgk;> n[gk;> G+kpNru;f;if>

ez;gu; cjtp.
xd;gjpy; ,Ue;jhy;> Nehahy; njhy;iy> gztpiuak;> kdf;fyfk;>

gpupT> ez;gu; tpNuhjk;.
lxxxi
gj;jpy; ,Ue;jhy;> FLk;gj;jpy; kfpo;r;rp> nry;tk; Nru;jy;> njhopy;
tpUj;jp> FLk;gRfk;> Gj;jpug;NgW.
gjpndhd;wpy; ,Ue;jhy;> gyupd; cjtp fpilj;jy;> Neha; mfYjy;>
fhupa rpj;jp> FLk;g kfpo;r;rp> njhopy; tpUj;jp.
gd;dpuz;by; ,Ue;jhy;> vjpYk; Njhy;tp> md;Gilatiug;

tpNuhjpj;jy;> Neha;> FLk;gf; f\;lk;> gpupT
FU
,yf;fpdj;jpy; ,Ue;jhy;> Nrhk;gy;> Kd;Nfhgk;> gifia tsu;j;jy;>
epiykhw;wk;> kdf;Fog;gk;.
,uz;by; ,Ue;jhy;>fhuparpj;jp> nghUs;Nru;f;if> giftu; gzpjy;>

njhopy; tpUj;jp> FLk;gj;jpy; kfpo;r;rp.
%d;wpy; ,Ue;jhy;> njhy;iy> njhopy; ,og;G> Kuz;gLjy;>

gzj;jl;Lg;ghL> md;ghdtiug; gifj;jy;.
ehd;fpy; ,Ue;jhy;> Neha;tha;g;gly;> cwtpdu; tpNuhjk;> Kd;Nfhgk;>

,lkhw;wk;> gzf;f\;lk;.
Ie;jpy; ,Ue;jhy;> ngz;fshy; cjtp> Gj;jpuuhy; kfpo;r;rp> Rgfhupak;

elj;jy;> Mlk;gur;nryT> fhupar;rpj;jp.
lxxxii
Mwpy; ,Ue;jhy;> kfpo;r;rpapd;ik> J}uNjr thrk;> Neha;tha;g;gly;>
gzKil> epk;kjpf;FiwT
Vopy; ,Ue;jhy;> Gfoiljy;> nry;tr;Nru;fif> fhuparpj;jp> ngupNahu;
cjtp> njhopy; tpUj;jp.
vl;by; ,Ue;jhy;> jLkhw;wk;> nfhba Neha;fshy; mtjp>

gzr;nryT> mbikg;gly;> Kd;Nfhgj;jhy; Jd;gk;.
xd;gjpy; ,Ue;jhy;> jdr;Nru;f;if> FLk;g kfpo;r;rp> njhopypy; tpUj;jp>
epidj;j fhupak; rpj;jp> nfhz;lhl;lk;.
gj;jpy; ,Ue;jhy;> njhopy; ,og;G> giftupd; jhf;Fjy;> FLk;gf;

fyfk;> Gj;jpu tpNuhjk;> epiy jLkhw;wk;.
gjpndhd;wpy;,Ue;jhy;> njhopy; tpUj;jp> nry;tr;Nru;f;if> FLk;gj;jy;

kfpo;r;rp> epidj;jit eilngwy;>gjtp cau;T.
gd;dpuz;by; ,Uj;jhy;> trjpaw;w ,lkhw;wk;> gw;ww;w epiy>

jpUlu;gak;> nghUs; ,og;G> tpNuhjk;.
Rf;fpud;
,yf;fzj;jpy; ,Ue;jhy;> ngz;fshy; cjtp> epk;kjp> FLk;g kfpo;r;rp>
r%fj;jpy; kjpg;G> jdr;Nru;f;if.
lxxxiii
,uz;by; ,Ue;jhy;> Gfo;> kjpg;G cauy;> mjp\;lk;> jdyhgk;>
FLk;gj;jpy; kfpo;r;rp
%d;wpy; ,Ue;jhy;> gjtp cau;T> njhopy; tpUj;jp> Gj;jpug;NgW>

ngupNahu; cjtp> MNuhf;fpak;.
ehd;fpy; ,Ue;jhy;> nry;tr;Nru;f;if> cwtpdu; cjtp> njhopy; tpUj;jp>

kjpg;G cau;jy;> kfpo;r;rp.
Ie;jpy; ,Ue;jhy;> jdyhgk;> gioa fld; t#y;> FLk;g kfpo;r;rp>

trjpahd ,lkhw;wk;> ngupNahu; cjtp.
Mwpy; ,Ue;jhy;> njhopypy; el;lk;> fhupaj;jil> Kuz;ghL> J}uNjr

thrk;>
Vopy; ,Ue;jhy;> ngz;fshy; Jd;gk;> mtkhdk;> fhupaf;NfL> tPz;gop

Nfl;ly;> gzr;nryT.
vl;by; ,Ue;jhy;> fhzp>G+kp>Nru;jy;> Mlk;gu kid mikj;jy;>

FLk;gj;jpy; kfpo;r;rp> gjtp cau;T> njhopy; tpUj;jp.
xd;gjpy; ,Ue;jhy;> FLk;gj;jpy; kfpo;r;rp> ngz;fshy; cjtp>
jdr;Nru;fif> G+kp thq;Fjy;> epidj;jit elj;jy;.
gj;jpy; ,Ue;jhy;> mtkhdk;> epiy jLkhw;wk;> ngz;fshy;

cgj;jputk;> gzKil> njhopy; ,og;G.
lxxxiv
gjpndhd;wpy; ,Ue;jhy;> epidj;jit epiwNtwy;> njhopy; tpUj;jp>
nry;tr;Nru;f;if> ngz;fshy; cjtp> FJ}fyk;.
gd;dpuz;by; ,Ue;jhy;> nry;tr;Nru;fif> fhzp>G+kp thq;Fjy;>

tof;fpy; ntw;wp> njhopypy; rpwg;G> ez;gu; cjtp.
rdp> uhF
,yf;fpdj;jpy; ,Ue;jhy;> jpUlu;gak;>mf;fpdpahy; nghUs; mopT>
,lkhw;wk;> ez;gu; gif> mtkhdk;.
,uz;by; ,Ue;jhy;> FLk;gf;fyfk;> nghUs; ,og;G> Kuz;ghL>

Nfhgg;gly;> njhopy; ,og;G.
%d;wpy; ,Ue;jhy;> njhopypy; ngUntw;wp> vjpupfis nty;tu;>

fhuparpj;jp> jdr;Nru;f;if> FLk;gj;jpy; kfpo;r;rp.
ehd;fpy; ,Ue;jhy;> FLk;gg;gpupT> kdr;rQ;ryk;> jhahu;

Neha;tha;g;gly;> Kuz;ghL> J}uNjr thrk;.
Ie;jpy; ,Ue;jhy;> FLk;gg;gpupT> jdr;Nrjk;> njhopw;NfL>

Neha;tha;g;gly;> kdr;rQ;ryk;.
lxxxv
Mwpy; ,Ue;jhy;> fhupa rpj;jp> nry;tr;Nru;f;if> gpupe;jtu; Nruy;>
njhopy; tpUj;jp> ngupNahu; cjtp.
Vopy; ,Ue;jhy;> FLk;gj;jpy; fyfk;> jPNahupd; el;G> gzr;nryT>

kdr;rQ;ryk;> mtkhdk;.
vl;by; ,Ue;jhy;> njhopw;NfL> gzKil> FLk;gg;gpupT ,lkhw;wk;>

kdf;fpNyrk;>
xd;gjpy; ,Ue;jhy;> fhupaj;jil> jPNahu; Nru;f;if> mbikg;gly;>

kdf;fpNyrk;> gzKil
gj;jpy; ,Ue;jhy;> mtkhdk;> njhopypy; rpf;fy;> ngz;fshy; Jd;gk;>

kfpo;r;rpf; FiwT fhupaj;jil.
gjpndhd;wpy; ,Ue;jhy;> jdyhgk;> njhopy; tpUj;jp> fhzp

G+kpr;Nru;f;if> Gfo;ngw;w FLk;gj;jpy; kfpo;r;rp.
gd;dpuz;by; ,Ue;jhy;> gy;NtW Jd;gq;fshy; njhopy; ,og;G>

thf;F thjk;> J}uNjrthrk;> gzf;f\;lk;>
yf;fpd tPL Kjy; gd;dpuz;L ghtq;fspYk; fpufq;fs;

epw;Fk; gyd;
lxxxvi
xUtu; gpwf;Fk; NghJ cs;s fpufq;fspd; rQ;rhu gyd;. rhjfj;jpy;
cs;sgb
yf;fpd tPL
#upad; ,Ue;jhy;. MNuhf;fpak;> ijupak;> nja;tgf;jp> Mrhu
mDl;lhdq;fspy; ek;gpf;if> fz;ghu;itf; FiwT vd;gd ,Uf;Fk;.
re;jpud; ,Ue;jhy;> tsu;gpiwr; re;jpudhy; MNuhf;fpak;> gf;jp> tpj;ij

tpUj;jp> Nkd;ik cz;L. Nja;gpiwr; re;jpudhy; ,it khwp mikAk;.
nrt;tha; ,Ue;jhy;> Kw;Nfhgk;> jPNahu; Nru;f;if> tpjz;lhthjk;>

c\;zNeha;fs; vd;gd ,Uf;Fk;.
Gjd; ,Ue;jhy;> trPfukhd Ngr;R> fy;tpapy; Nkd;ik> MAs; tpUj;jp>

ju;k rpe;jid vd;gd ,Uf;Fk;.
FU ,Ue;jhy;> jdk;NrUk;> MAs; tpUj;jp> fy;tpapy; Nkd;ik>

fiyfspy; tpUg;G vd;gd ,Uf;Fk;.
Rf;fpud; ,Ue;jhy;> MAs; tpUj;jp> FLk;gj;jpy; gw;W> cau; gjtp>
ngupNahu; cjtp vd;gd ,Uf;Fk;.
rdp ,Ue;jhy;> MAs; tpUj;jp> Kuz;ghL> f\;lk;> Nrhk;gy;>

gpbthjk;> Kw;Nfhgk; vd;gd ,Uf;Fk;.
lxxxvii
uhF ,Ue;jhy;> nja;t ek;gpf;if FiwT> Foe;ijg; Ngwpd;ik>
kdf;Fog;gk;> vd;gd cz;L.
NfJ ,Ue;jhy;> Foe;ijr; nry;tk; FiwT> Neu;ik cz;ik> ijupak;

vd;gd ,Uf;Fk;.
,uz;lhk; tPL> ,e;j tPl;il jd];jhdk;> thf;F];jhdk; vd;Wk;

$Wtu;.
#upad;,Ue;jhy;>jpy;YKy;Yfisr; nra;jy;> Kuz;gLjy;>

tPz;thu;j;ij NgRjy; vd;gd ,lk;ngWk;.
re;jpud; ,Ue;jhy;> thf;Ftd;ik> Nkd;ikahd fy;tp> kjpg;G> Gfo;

vd;gd ,lk;ngWk;.
nrt;tha; ,Ue;jhy;> Kd;Nfhtk;> thf;Fthjk;> fyfk; cz;lhFk;.
Gjd; ,Ue;jhy;> nry;tr;Nru;f;if> thf;F trPfuk;> ey;y FLk;gk;

vd;gd mikAk;.
FU ,Ue;jhy;> ey;y FLk;gk; mikjy;> jdk; NrUk;> Gfo; kjpg;G

vd;gd cz;lhFk;.
rdp ,Ue;jhy;> FLk;gf; f\;lk;> ngha;> Vkhw;Wjy;> rydk; vd;gd

cilatu;fshtu;.
lxxxviii
Rf;fpud; ,Ue;jhy;> MAs;tpUj;jp> jdr;Nru;f;if> ey;y FLk;gk;
mikAk;.
uhF ,Ue;jhy;> Kw;Nfhgk;> ju;fg;gly;> jpf;Ftha;> mtkhdk; vd;gd
cz;lhFk;.
NfJ ,Ue;jhy;> tPz; rz;il> rr;ruTfs;> tuTf;F Nkyhd nryT>

fz; Neha;fshy; ghjpg;G vd;gd cz;lhFk;.
%d;whk; tPL>
#upad; ,Ue;jhy;> nry;tk;> nry;thf;F ijupak; guhf;fpukk; vd;gd
,Uf;Fk;.
re;jpud; ,Ue;jhy;> rNfhjuu;fshy; cjtpfs;> nry;tk;> kfpo;r;rp vd;gd

fpilf;Fk;.
nrt;tha; ,Ue;jhy;> jdk; NrUk;> rNfhjuu;fshy; cgj;jputk; Nfl;ly;

FiwghL vd;gd ,Uf;Fk;.
Gjd; ,Ue;jhy;> rNfhjuu; kPJ gw;Wk; ghrKk;> kfpo;Ts;stu;fshfTk;

,Ug;gu;.
FU ,Ue;jhy;> tPz;thu;j;ij Ngry;> re;Njfk;> kdf;Fog;gk; vd;gd
,Uf;Fk;.
Rf;fpud; ,Ue;jhy;> mbf;fb NehAz;lhFk;. tWik> re;Njhrf;FiwT

vd;gd ,Uf;Fk;.
lxxxix
rdp ,Ue;jhy;> MAs; tpUj;jp> ijupak;> kjpg;G> jdk; vd;gd
,Uf;Fk;.
uhF ,Ue;jhy;> jplkhd kdk;> mwpT> MAs; tpUj;jp vd;gd

,Uf;Fk;.
NfJ ,Ue;jhy;> Mrhuk;> nja;t gf;jp> nry;tk;> kdj;jplk; vd;gd

,Uf;Fk;.
ehd;fhk; tPL
#upad; ,Ue;jhy; > jhahUf;Ff; nfLjy;> kdf;Fog;gk;> tPz; gif
vd;gd cz;lhFk;.
re;jpud; ,Ue;jhy;@ fhzp> G+kp thfdk; NrUk;. jhahUf;F nfLjy;

vd;gd cz;L.
nrt;tha; ,Ue;jhy; > tPL> fhzp> G+kp Mguzq;fs; NrUk;. jhahupd;
cly;eyk; ghjpg;gilAk;.
Gjd; ,Ue;jhy; > Nkd;ik> Gfo;> jdk;> thf;Ftd;ik vd;gd cz;L.
FU ,Ue;jhy; > fy;tpapy; Nkd;ik> jhahupd; md;G> Rfkhd tho;T

cz;lhFk;.
xc
Rf;fpud; ,Ue;jhy; > tPL> G+kp> thfdk;> yr;Rkpfuk;> fy;tpapy;
Nkd;ik cz;L. khstNahfKk; cz;L.
rdp ,Ue;jhy; > jhahUf;F Neha;> fy;tpapy; mf;fiwapd;ik> fhzp

G+kpfis tpw;wy; Nghd;wd cz;lhFk;. rdp nrhe;j tPl;by; my;yJ
cr;rk; ngw;wpUe;jhy; rrNahfk; cz;lhFk;.
uhF ,Ue;jhy;> ke;j Gj;jpAk; Nrhk;gYk; mf;fiwapd;ikAk; ,Uf;Fk;.

Nahff; fpufq;fspd; ghu;it ,Ue;jhy; ey;y gyd;fs; gyTk;
cz;lhFk;.
NfJ ,Ue;jhy; > jhahUf;F NehAz;lhFk;. fy;tpapy; Nkd;ik

fiyfspy; ty;yik vd;gd cz;lhFk;.
Ie;jhk; tPL > ,e;j tPl;ilg; Gj;jpu ];jhdk; vd;Wk;> G+u;t Gz;zpa
jhdk; vd;Wk; $Wtu;.
#upad; ,Ue;jhy; > Gj;jpu Njh\k;> kfpo;r;rpapd;ik> gzj;jl;Lg;ghL

vd;gd cz;lhFk;.
re;jpud; ,Ue;jhy; > fy;tpapy; Nkd;ik> cau;e;j gjtp> kfpo;thd

tho;T cz;lhFk;.
nrt;tha; ,Ue;jhy;> gps;isfSf;F Neha;> fy;tpf;FiwT>

kdf;Fog;gk; vd;gd ,Uf;Fk;.
xci
Gjd; ,Ue;jhy;> Nkd;ik> rpwg;G> nja;tgf;jp> Nkyhd fy;tp vd;gd
cz;lhFk;.
FU ,Ue;jhy;> gps;isfshy; Jd;gk;> Nkyhd fy;tp> fiyfspy;

tpUg;G vd;gd cz;lhFk;.
Rf;fpud; ,Ue;jhy; Nkyhd nry;tk;> Gj;jpug;NgW> jhuhs kdg;ghq;F

vd;gd ,Uf;Fk;.
rdp ,Ue;jhy;>kdf;Fog;gk;> gzKil> Gj;jpuuhy; Jd;gk; vd;gd

Vw;gLk;.
uhF ,Ue;jhy; > Gj;jpuu; FiwT> kdf;f\;lk;> Fog;gk; vd;gd

cz;lhFk;.
NfJ ,Ue;jhy;> jy ahj;jpiu nra;jy;> jhdju;kk; nra;jy;> Nkyhd

fy;tp vd;gd ,Uf;Fk;.
Mwhk; tPL
#upad; ,Ue;jhy;> nrsghf;fpak;> trjp tha;g;G> Nahfk; vd;gd
cz;L.
re;jpud; ,Ue;jhy;> kjpg;G> kupahij> r%fj;jpd; kjpg;G> G+uz MAs;

vd;gd cz;L.
xcii
nrt;tha; ,Ue;jhy;> rj;JU n[ak;> G+uz MAs;> fPu;j;jp> nry;tk;
vd;gd cz;lhFk;.
Gjd; ,Ue;jhy;> tPz; thu;j;ij NgRjy;> mtkhdg;gly; Nrhk;gy;

vd;gd ,Uf;Fk;.
FU ,Ue;jhy; >rka rk;gpujhaq;fspy; ek;gpf;if> jyahj;jpiu> rkag;

gpurhuk; nra;jy; vd;gd ,Uf;Fk;.
Rf;fpud; ,Ue;jhy; > ePuhy; fz;lk;> Kaw;rpapd;ik> vjpupfshy;

njhy;iy> nghWg;gpd;ik vd;gd cz;lhk;.
rdp ,Ue;jhy; > ijupak;> fy;tp Nfs;tpfspy; kpFe;jpUj;jy;> jdk;.
rj;JU Iak; vd;gd cz;lhFk;.
uhF ,Ue;jhy; > jdr;Nru;f;if> MAs; tpUj;jp> Rftho;T vd;gd

cz;lhk;.
NfJ ,Ue;jhy; > vjpupfis mlf;fy;> jPu;f;f MAs; nry;tk;>

nry;thf;Fz;L.
Vohk; tPL
#upad; ,Ue;jhy;> fhupaj;jil> Neha;> FLk;gj;jpy; fyfk;> Jl;lupd;
rfthrk; fPohd epiy.
xciii
re;jpud; ,Ue;jhy; > Nkd;ik> epidj;j fhupar; rpj;jp> kidtpahy;
Rfk; cz;L.
nrt;tha; ,Ue;jhy;> fsj;jpu Njhrk;> fld;gly;> Neha;j; jhf;fk;>

Jd;gk; cz;L.
Gjd; ,Ue;jhy;> FLk;gRfk; kidtp topahy; nghUs; tuT> Rfkhd

tho;T fhuparpj;jp cz;L.
FU ,Ue;jhy;> kidtp topahy; nghUs; Nru;f;if> thfd Rfk;>

gztuT> Gj;jpu ghf;fpak;> kfpo;r;rp cz;L.
Rf;fpud; ,Ue;jhy; > nry;tk; Nruy;> ngz;fshy; cjtp> maytuhy;

Jd;gk;> tpguPjk;> rydGj;jp cz;L.
rdp ,Ue;jhy; > gzKil> vjpYk; Njhy;tp> FNuhjk;> epk;kjpf;FiwT

cz;L.
uhF ,Ue;jhy; > Gj;jpuNjh\k;> njhopypy; el;lk;> ngz;fshy; Jd;gk;>

fsj;jpuNjh\k; cz;L.
NfJ ,Ue;jhy; > FLk;gj;jpy; kfpo;r;rpapd;ik> ngz;fshy; mtkhdk;>

Nrhk;gy;> Gj;jpuNjhrk;.
xciv
vl;lhk; tPL> #upad; ,Ue;jhy;> mw;g MAs;> kdf;Fog;gk;>
Nej;jpuNuhfk;> Kw;Nfhgk;.
re;jpud; ,Ue;jhy; > nghUl;nryT> Nej;jp;uNuhfk;> ePuhy; fz;lk;>

Neha; cghij. nrt;tha; ,Ue;jhy;> fsj;jpuNjh\k;> mw;g MAs;>
vjpupfshy; ed;ik> tpgj;J.
Gjd; ,Ue;jhy; > jPu;f;fhAs;> gzr;Nru;f;if> kjpg;G> Gfo; nja;t

ek;gpf;if.
FU ,Ue;jhy; > jPu;f;fhAs;> gzk; Nru;jy;> Gfo;> kjpg;G>

Gj;jpuhup\;lk;.
Rf;fpud; ,Ue;jhy;> fy;tp> fiy> rhj;jpuq;fspy; Nkd;ik> jPu;f;fhAs;>

jdr;Nru;f;if.
rdp ,Ue;jhy; > epiy jLkhw;wk;> jPu;f;fhAs;> njhopypd;ik>

jdtpuak;.
uhF ,Ue;jhy; > tp\gak;> tpgj;J> gztpiuak;> Fog;gk;. NfJ

,Ue;jhy;> kidtpf;F Neha;> FLk;gf; fyfk; my;yJ gpupT> Gj;jpuf;
FiwT.
xd;gjhk; tPL
,ij G+u;tGz;zpa ];jhdk;> ghf;fpa];jhdk; vd;Wk; nrhy;tu;.
xcv
#upad; ,Ue;jhy;> jdk; NrUk;> ju;kj;jpy; tpUg;G Kd;Nfhgk;> FLk;g
kfpo;r;rp vd;gd ,Uf;Fk;.
re;jpud; ,Ue;jhy; mjpfgps;isfs;> mwpQu;fshf ,Uj;jy;> fy;tpapy;

Nkk;ghL> yl;Rkp flhl;rk;> Gfo; vd;gd ,Uf;Fk;.
nrt;tha; ,Ue;jhy; > gpjhTf;F Neha; nehbfs;> jPa ez;gu; Nru;f;if>

gpd; mopT> Neha; vd;gd ,Uf;Fk;.
Gjd; ,Ue;jhy; > fy;tpapy; rpwg;G> Nkd;ik> Gfo;> cau;e;j ];jhdk;>

jdk; vd;gd ,Uf;Fk;.
FU ,Ue;jhy; > Gj;jpf;$u;ik> ew;Gj;jpuu;> nry;tk; nry;thf;F fhzp

G+kp vd;gd ,Uf;Fk;.
Rf;fpud; ,Ue;jhy; > gzk;> nfsutk;> cau;e;j gjtp> FLk;g Rfk;

vd;gd ,Uf;Fk;.
rdp ,Ue;jhy;> jPaFzq;fs;> Kuz;gLjy;> tWik> gpjhthy; nryT

vd;gd ,Uf;Fk;.
uhF ,Ue;jhy; > Mil Mguzk;> fhzp> G+kpr; Nru;f;if> Gj;jpuuhy;

ftiy vd;gd ,Uf;Fk;.
xcvi
NfJ ,Ue;jhy; > tWik> njhopy; f\;lk;> FLk;g fyfk;> ngupahupd;
ntWg;G vd;gd ,Uf;Fk;.
gj;jhk; tPL> ,ijj; njhopw; ];jhdk; vd;W nrhy;tu;.
#upad; ,Ue;jhy;. jdthd;> njhopypy; jpwik> cau;e;j gjtp vd;gd

,Uf;Fk;.
re;jpud; ,Ue;jhy; >ey;y Fzq;fs;> jUk rpe;ij> jhdk;> fy;tpapy;
Nkd;ik vd;gd ,Uf;Fk;.
nrt;tha; ,Ue;jhy; > fy;tpapy; Nkd;ik> nghUs; cilik> Gfo;>

nja;t ek;gpf;if vd;gd ,Uf;Fk;.
Gjd; ,Ue;jhy; > jdthd;> rj;jpathd;> gyKs;std;> Gj;jpuu;fis

cilatdhf ,Ug;ghd;.
FU ,Ue;jhy;> jiyik jhq;Fk; gz;G> Gfo;> cau;e;j fy;tp> jdk;

vd;gd ,Uf;Fk;.
Rf;fpud; ,Ue;jhy; > Nkyhd gjtp> Nkw;gbg;G> ey;y FLk;gk;>

nry;tk; vd;gd ,Uf;Fk;.
rdp ,Ue;jhy; > ngUk; cau;gjtp> fhuparpj;jp> nry;tk;> Gfo; vd;gd

,Uf;Fk;.
xcvii
uhF ,Ue;jhy;> Gj;jpuu; FiwT> jdk;> nja;t ek;gpf;if> kjpg;G
vd;gd ,Uf;Fk;.
NfJ ,Ue;jhy; > murkjpg;G. jhd ju;ktpUg;G> nry;tk;> tpNtfk;

vd;gd ,Uf;Fk;.
gjpndhuhk; tPL
#upad; ,Ue;jhy; > gpjhTf;F Neha;> jPu;f;fhAs;> kd kfpo;r;rp> nry;tk;

vd;gd ,Uf;Fk;.
re;jpud; ,Ue;jhy; > tha;ik> jhd ju;k tpUg;G> nry;tk;> ey;y

FLk;gk; vd;gd mikAk;.
nrt;tha; ,Ue;jhy; > gpjhTf;Ff; f\;lk;> nry;tk;> kfpo;r;rp
ew;gps;isfs; vd;gd ,Uf;Fk;.
Gjd; ,Ue;jhy;> jPu;f;fhAs;> nry;tk;> fPu;j;jp> Nkd;ik vd;gd

,Uf;Fk;.
FU ,Ue;jhy; > nfsutk;> Gfo;> jdk;> cau;e;j gjtp> nghJ

rdkjpg;G vd;gd ,Uf;Fk;.
Rf;fpud; ,Ue;jhy; > nry;tk;> nry;thf;F> jhd ju;k tpUg;G> nja;t

ek;gpf;if vd;gd ,Uf;Fk;.
xcviii
rdp ,Ue;jhy; > MNuhf;fpak;> nry;tk;> jPu;f;fhAs;> je;jpuk;> tpflk;
vd;gd ,Uf;Fk;.
uhF ,Ue;jhy; > gpjhTf;F Neha;> nry;tk;> kdf;Fog;gk;> FLk;g

Rfkpd;ik Mfpad ,Uf;Fk;.
NfJ ,Ue;jhy; @ ,uf;fk;> ju;k rpe;jid> flTs; gf;jp> Gfo; vd;gd
,Uf;Fk;.
gd;dpuz;lhk; tPL > ,ij tpuha];jhdk;> Nkhl;r ];jhdk; vd;Wk;

$Wtu;.
#upad; ,Ue;jhy;> gpjhTf;F Neha;> tWik> ghu;itf; FiwghL>

kdj;ijupak; vd;gd ,Uf;Fk;.
re;jpud; ,Ue;jhy;> FLk;gj;ij tpl;L ePq;fp ,Uj;jy;> jdk;> Mrhuk;
vd;gd ,Uf;Fk;.
nrt;tha; ,Ue;jhy;> jPatu; Nru;f;if> Fw;wg;gly;> tPz; thu;j;ijfs;

NgNry;> Vkhw;Wjy; Mfpad ,Uf;Fk;.
Gjd; ,Ue;jhy;> nry;tk;> Gfo;>kjpg;G cz;L. kdjpy; F&uk; ,Uf;Fk;.
FU ,Ue;jhy; > mwpT> Gfo;> fy;tpapy; Nkd;ik nry;tk; Mfpad

,Uf;Fk;.
xcix
Rf;fpud; ,Ue;jhy; > ngz;fspd; cjtp> el;G> nry;tk;> nry;thf;F
vd;gd ,Uf;Fk;.
rdp ,Ue;jhy; > vjpupfspd; njhy;iy> Neha;> fQ;rj;jdk;> Kw;Nfhgk;

vd;gd ,Uf;Fk;.
uhF ,Ue;jhy; > tp\gak;> tuTf;F kPwpa nryT> tWik nja;t

gf;jp> vd;gd ,Uf;Fk;.
NfJ ,Ue;jhy; > fy;tp Nfs;tpfspy; Nkd;ik> Ngr;R td;ik> Qhdk;

Nkhl;rk; vd;gd ,Uf;Fk;.
Nfhrhuj;jpy; FUtpd; gyd;
n[d;kj;jpy; FU ,Ue;jhy;> mur gak;> tof;Ffs;> tpgj;Jf;fs;>

tWik> kdNtjid> FLk;gj;jpy; Fog;gk;> gif vd;gd cz;lhFk;.
%d;wpw; FU ,Ue;jhy;> FLk;gg; gpupT> tUkhdf; FiwT>

gps;isfshy; gpur;rpid> ez;gu; Rw;wj;jpdUld; Kuz;gly; vd;gd
cz;lhFk;.
ehd;fpy; FU ,Ue;jhy;> gjtp khw;wk;> mtkhdk;> nry;t mopT>

FLk;gf;fyfk;> tPz; gif> ngupNahiug; gifj;jy; vd;gd cz;lhFk;.
c
Mwpy; FU ,Ue;jhy;@ tpgj;Jf;fs;> tuTf;F kPwpa nryT> tPz;gop
Nfl;ly;> Kuz;ghL> gif mjpfupj;jy;> FLk;gg; gpur;rpid vd;gd
Vw;gLk;.
vl;by; FU ,Ue;jhy;@ Gfo;> nfsutk;> gjtp Kjypad nfLk;.

cw;whu; giftuhtu;> ngw;Nwhu; ntWg;gu;> fhzp> G+kpfshy; tof;F
Vw;gLk;.
gj;jpy; FU ,Ue;jhy; : epiy khw;wk;> mQ;Qhdthrk;>

gzj;jl;Lg;ghL> FLk;gg;gpupT> nghUl;fis tpw;wy;> kdf;Fog;gk;
vd;gd Vw;gLk;.
gd;dpuz;by; FU ,Ue;jhy;> gzr;nryT> gjtp cau;Tfs;

fpilahik>Vkhw;wk;> ngupNahupd; ntWg;G vd;gd Vw;gLk;.
FU> 2>5>7>9>11 ,y; ,Ue;jhy; Nkd;ik> Gfo;> nry;tr; Nru;f;if>

trjpahd ,lkhw;wk;> gjtp cau;T> jpUkzk;> Gj;jpug;NgW>
mjp\;lk;> fhzp> G+kp thq;Fjy; myq;fhukhd kid mikjy;
vd;gd ,lk;ngWk;.
FU ,uz;lhkplj;jpy; ,Ue;jhy;> epidj;jit eilngWk;> gztuT>

kfpo;r;rpahd ,lkhw;wk;> gjtp cau;T> nfsutk;> kjpg;G cauy;>
mur cjtpfs; fpilj;jy;> gps;isfshy; ,d;gk; vd;gd fpl;Lk;.
ci
FU Ie;jpy; ,Ue;jhy;> ntspehl;L cjtp> ntspehL nry;yy;>
guPl;irapy; rpj;jp> tof;Ffspy; ntw;wp> fhzp> G+kp> Mguzq;fs;
Nru;fi
; f. epidj;jit epiwNtwy; vd;gd eilngWk;.
FU Vopy; ,Ue;jhy;> nghd;> nghUs; Mil Mguzr; Nru;f;if>

nfsutk;> kjpg;G cauy;> gzk;> fhzp> G+kp Nru;f;if>fiyQu;fSf;F
tpUJfs; fpilj;jy;> gjtp cau;T. epidj;jit eilngwy; Mfpad
epfOk;.
FU xd;gjpy; ,Ue;jhy;> gy topfshYk; gzk; Nruy;> kq;fs

fhupaq;fs; eilngwy;> Gjpa kid mikj;jy;> fhzp> G+kp thq;Fjy;>
gjtp cau;T> nfsutk; kjpg;G cauy;> Neha; ePq;Fjy; vd;gd
eilngWk;.
FU gjpndhd;wpy; ,Ue;jhy;> ez;gu;> ,drd cjtp fpilj;jy;>

nghUs; Nruy;> mjp\;lyhgr; rPl;bd; %yk; gzk; Nruy;> fhzp> G+kp>
Nruy;> ngw;Nwhupd; nrhj;Jf;fs; Nruy;> murkjpg;Gf;fs; fpilj;jy;
vd;gd eilngWk;.
Nfhrhuj;jpy; rdpapd; gyd;

n[d;kj;jpy; rdp ,Ue;jhy;: Neha;> tWik> mjpf nryT> tpgj;Jf;fs;>
miyr;ry; vd;gd ,Uf;Fk;.
cii
,uz;by;rdp ,Ue;jhy;: tpgj;J> tp\gak; gzj;jl;Lg;ghL> tof;F>
jho;e;j epiy vd;gd cz;lhFk;.
ehd;fpy;rdp ,Ue;jhy;: FLk;gg; gpupT> giftuhy; njhy;iy>

mbikg;gly;> gzj;jl;Lg;ghL> ez;gu;> vjpupahjy; vd;gd
cz;lhFk;.
Vopy; rdp ,Ue;jhy;: FLk;gj;jpy; fyfk;> kidtp Neha;tha;g;gly;>

Gj;jpuuhy; ftiy> kdf;Fog;gk; vd;gd cz;lhFk;.
vl;by; rdp ,Ue;jhy;> fhupaj;jil> njhopypy; Fog;gk;> tpahjp>

tWik> gak;> Kuz;ghL vd;gd cz;lhFk;.
gj;jpy; rdpapUe;jhy;> Neha; mjpfupj;jy;> kdg;gak;> mjpf nryT>

fhupaj;jil> ngz;fshy; cgj;jputk; vd;gd cz;lhFk;.
gd;dpuz;by; rdp ,Ue;jhy; > jupj;jpuk;> Fiw Nfl;ly;> tuTf;F kPwpa

nryT> tof;F> njhopy; rpf;fy;> Kaw;rp gypahik> ngupNahupd;
ntWg;G vd;gd cz;lhFk;.
xU kdpjdpd; rhjfj;jpy; re;jpud; cs;s ,uhrpf;F 12>1>2 ,y;

rdpgfthd; rQ;rupf;Fk; NghJ Voiur;rdp eilngWk;. ,f;fhyk;
kpfTk; f\;lkhd fhykhFk;. nja;t ek;gpf;ifAld; tho;e;jhy;
rpwpjsthtJ MWjy; fpilf;Fk;.
ciii
%d;whk;> Mwhk;> gjpndhuhk; ,lq;fspy; rdpgfthd; tUk; NghJ
rhjfu;fSf;F vy;iyapy;yhj ,d;gq;fis ms;spf; nfhLg;ghu;.
,f;fhyq;fs; rhjfu;fSf;Fg; nghd;dhd fhyq;fshFk;.
%d;wpy; rdp ,Ue;jhy;> fy;tpapy; rpwg;G> FLk;gj;jpy; kfpo;r;rp>

tUkhdk; cau;T> njhopy; tpUj;jp> Mguzr;Nru;f;if> gpwuhy;
kjpf;fg;gly; vz;zpait eilngWk;.
Mwpy; rdp ,Ue;jhy;> kjpg;G> kupahij Vw;gLk;> nfsutk;> gjtp>

gl;lk;> tpUJfs; fpilf;Fk;. gzk; gy topfshYk; NrUk;. Gj;jpu
ghf;fpak; cz;L. Gj;jpuuhy; kfpo;r;rp cz;lhFk;.
gjpndhd;wpy; rdp ,Ue;jhy;: rfy Nghfq;fSk; fpl;Lk; gjtpfs; Njb

tUk;> gzk; FtpAk;> ed;ikahd ,lkhw;wk; Vw;gLk;> fiyQu;fs;
Nghw;wg;gLtu;.
,g;gyd;fs; rhjfj;jpy; fpufq;fs; ed;whf ,Ue;jhy; NkYk;

cau;tilAk;. rhjfj;jpy; fpufq;fs; gyk; Fd;wpapUg;gpd; ngUk; gyd;
fpilf;fhtpl;lhYk;> ey;y gyd;fs; Vw;gLk;.
re;jpu uhrpf;F uhF khw;wk;
uhFTk;> NfJTk; xd;wiu tUlq;fSf;nfhUKiw jhk; ,Uf;Fk;

,uhrpia tpl;Lr; nry;thu;fs;.
civ
uhF yf;fpdj;jpy; ,Ue;jjhy;> rpukk;> tWik> nghUs; tpiuak;>
kdf;Fog;gk; vd;gd cz;lhFk;.
,uz;by; ,Ue;jhy; kj;jpkkhd gyidf; nfhLg;ghu;. tuTk;> nryTk;

rkkhdjhf ,Uf;Fk;. Nehapd; jhf;fk; Fiwthf ,Uf;Fk;. nghUs;
te;J NghFk;.
uhF %d;wpy; ,Ue;jhy;> kpfTk; ey;y gad;fisj; jUthu;> fy;tpapy;

rpwg;G> nghUshjhuj;jpy; tsu;r;rp> Gfo;> gjtp ngwy; vd;gd Vw;gLk;.
uhF ehd;fpy; ,Ue;jhy;> kj;jpkkhd gyidNa jUthu;> fhupaq;fs;
,Ogl;L epiwNtWk;. guPl;irfspy; kj;jpkkhd gyd; fpilf;Fk;.
nghUs; te;J NghFk; epiy cz;lhFk;.
uhF Ie;jpy; ,Ue;jhy; > tuTk; nryTk; rkkhf ,Uf;Fk;. Njitf;Fg;

gzk; tUk;. gykhd Kaw;rpapd; gpd;Ng gad; fpilf;Fk;. KjyPLfs;
,Wjpapy; yhgk; jUk;.
uhF Mwpy; ,Ue;jhy; : epidj;jit ahTk; ntw;wpaha; KbAk;.
gzk;> nry;thf;F mjpfupf;Fk;> Gjpa Kaw;rpfs; ,yhgk; jUk;.
uhF Vopy; ,Ue;jhy;: nra;fhupaq;fs; midj;Jk; Njhy;tpailAk;>

njhopypy; el;lk; cz;lhFk;. cwtpdu; ntWg;gu;> tof;Ffs;
Njhy;tpiaj; jUk;.
cv
uhF vl;by; ,Ue;jhy;> fhjypy; Njhy;tp> njhopypy; Fog;gk;>
FLk;gj;jpy; fyfk;> gzj;jl;Lg;ghL> tPz; gopNfl;ly;> fhupaj;jil
vd;gd Vw;gLk;.
uhF xd;gjpy; ,Ue;jhy;> gztUtha; FiwAk;> njhopypy; ke;j epiy

fhzg;gLk;. cly; eyk;> ghjpf;fg;gLk;. tPz;gop Nfl;f NeupLk;.
uhF gj;jpy; ,Ue;jhy;> njhopypy; Kd;Ndw;wk; ,uhJ> FLk;gj;jpy;

ftiy cz;lhfpj; jPUk;. gzf; f\;lk; ,Ue;jhYk; cjtg;gyu;
Kd;tUtu;.
uhFgjpndhd;wpy; ,Ue;jhy;: njhopypy; mjpf ,yhgk;>gjtp cau;T>

fhzp> G+kp> Mguzr;Nru;f;if> FLk;gRfk; cz;lhFk;.
uhF gd;dpuz;by; ,Ue;jhy;> Kuz;ghL tYf;Fk;. ,lkhw;wk;

Vw;gLk;. Gfo;> nfsutk; ghjpf;fg;gLk;. kdf; Fog;gk; cz;lhFk;.
re;jpu uhrpf;F NfJ khw;wk;

NfJ yf;fdj;jpy; ,Ue;jhy; > fLikahd ciog;gpd; gpd;Nd fhupak;
rpj;jpahFk;. gzj;jl;Lg;ghL ,Uf;Fk;> ,lkhw;wk; Vw;gLk;.
NfJ ,uz;by; ,Ue;jhy;> tpgj;J> gzj;jl;Lg;ghL> jpUkzj;jpy;

Fog;gk; vd;gd Vw;gLk;. Kaw;rp gydspf;fhJ. kdf;Fog;gKk;
Kd;NfhgKk; tpguPjj;ijj; jUk;.
cvi
NfJ %d;wpy; ,Ue;jhy;> fhupa rpj;jp> fy;tpapy; Nkd;ik> njhopypy;
mjpf yhgk;> trjpahd ,lkhw;wk;> FLk;gj;jpy; kfpo;r;rp vd;gd
,Uf;Fk;.
NfJ ehd;fpy; ,Ue;jhy;> kj;jpkkhd gyNd fpilf;Fk;. tuTf;Nfw;w

nryT> Neuj;jpw;F czT> gbg;Gf;Nfw;w ngWNgW> KjYf;Nfw;w
tUkhdk; fpilf;Fk;.
NfJ Ie;jpy; ,Ue;jhy;> kfpo;Tk; Jf;fKk; khwp khwp tUk;

Kaw;rpf;Nfw;w gyd; fpilf;Fk;. Neha; ngUk; jhf;fj;ij juhJ. gzk;
te;J nrythFk;.
NfJ Mwpy; ,Ue;jhy;> nra;fhupaq;fs; midj;Jk; ntw;wpaspf;Fk;.

gzk; te;J NrUk;. FLk;gj;jpy; Rgfhupaq;fs; eilngWk;. kjpg;G>
Gfo; caUk;.
NfJ Vopy; ,Ue;jhy;: njhopypy; el;lKk; gztpuaKk; Vw;gLk;.

Nehapd; jhf;fk; mjpfupf;Fk;. Kaw;rpfs; Njhy;tpiaj; jUk;. gif
tsUk;.
NfJ vl;by; ,Ue;jhy;: jP> ePu;> thfdj;jhy; jPik cz;lhFk;.

njhopypy; el;lk; cz;lhFk;. rpyu; njhopiy ,og;ghu;fs;. mtkhdk;
cz;lhFk;.
cvii
NfJ xd;gjpy; ,Ue;jhy;: tuTk;> nryTk; rkkhdjhf ,Uf;Fk;.
njhopypy; ngUk; Kd;Ndw;wk; ,uhJ. tpahghupfs; mjpfKjyPL
nra;tJ el;lj;ij cz;lhFk;.
NfJ gj;jpy; ,Ue;jhy;> mtjhdkhf vf;fUkj;ijAk; nra;jy;

Ntz;Lk;. njhopypy; Vkhw;wq;fs; Vw;gLk;. tuTf;Nfw;w nryT
cz;lhFk;. ez;gu; cjtpnra;tu;.
NfJ gjpndhd;wpy; ,Ue;jhy;: epidj;j fhupak; ntw;wpiaj; jUk;.

fy;tp> nry;tk;> Gfo; vd;gd ngUFk;. cau; gjtpfs; te;J NrUk;.
Neha;fs; tpyFk;.
NfJ gd;dpuz;by; ,Ue;jhy;> tp\gak; ,Uf;Fk;> ez;gu;fs;

Kuz;gLtu;. nra;njhopy; el;lj;ijj; jUk;. gztplaj;jpy;
Vkhw;wg;gLtPu;fs;. kdk; xU epiyg;gl;buhJ.
jpdg;gyd; ghu;f;Fk; Kiw

xU rhjfu; jhd; gpwe;j el;rj;jpuj;ij njupe;jpUg;ghu;. mij epidtpy;
itj;Jf;nfhz;L gyd; ghu;f;Fk; jpdj;jpd; el;rj;jpuj;ijg;
gQ;rhq;fj;jpy; ,Ue;J njupe;J nfhs;sTk;. gpd; mLj;j gf;fj;jpy;
cs;s $l;by; jhd; gpwe;j el;rj;jpuk; cs;s $l;ilg; ghu;j;J mJ
ve;jj; njhFjpapy; cs;sJ vd;W mwpe;J nfhs;sTk;. mjd; gpd;
md;iwa el;rj;jpuk; Fwpf;Fk; $l;lj;ijg; ghu;j;J md;iwa
el;rj;jpuk; cs;s $l;ilj; njupe;J nfhs;sTk;. mjd; gpd; 94Mk;
gf;fj;jpy; cs;s $l;ilg; ghu;j;J md;iwa el;rj;jpuj;jpw;Fupa
cviii
fpufj;ij mwpe;J nfhs;sTk; mjd; gpd; kWgf;fj;jpy; cs;s
fpufj;jpd; md;iwa gyidj; njupe;j nfhs;sTk;.
cjhuzkhf xUtu; KjyhtJ $l;bYs;s KjyhtJ el;rj;jpukhd

m];tpdp el;j;jpuj;jpy; gpwf;fpwhu;. md;iwa gQ;rhq;fj;jpd;gb
md;iwa el;rj;jpuk;. G+rk;> vdNt gQ;rhq;fj;jpy; cs;s md;iwa
el;rj;jpuk; ,uz;lhtJ $l;by; Kjyhtjhf cs;sJ.mij mwpe;j
gpd; gj;jhtJ $l;by; cs;s fpufk; vJ vd;W mwpAq;fs;. mJ
re;jpud;. gpd; re;jpuDf;Ff; Fwpg;gpl;l gyidg; ghUq;fs; mJ jhd;
cq;fs; md;iwa gyd;.
1) #upad; Kuz;ghL> miyr;ry;> giftu; njhy;iy> tapw;Wf;
NfhshW> jdr; Nru;f;if> ez;gu; cjtp.
2) re;jpud;> fhupa rpj;jp> kfpo;r;rpahd nra;jp> gztuT> gjtp cau;T>

Gfo;> Nkd;ik
3) nrt;tha;> Kaw;rp gypjk;> ntspehl;Lj; njhlu;G> Kuz;ghL>

gzj;jl;Lg;ghL> ngupatu; rPw;wk;.
4) Gjd;> tPl;by; Rg epfo;T>njhopypy; yhgk;> gpuahzk;> ez;gu;

Nru;f;if> tpUe;Jgrhuk;.
5) FU>kfpo;r;rpg;ngUf;F> jhdju;kk; nra;jy;> ngupatu;fspd; cjtp>

fhupa rpj;jp> jdtuT> FLk;gj;jpy; kfpo;r;rp.
cix
6) Rf;fpud; fiyfspy; tpUg;G> Gjpa Kaw;rp> gjtp cau;T>
Rgr;nra;jp> tpUe;JzT> ez;gu; Nru;f;if> Nkyjpfhupfs; cjtp.
7) rdp tPz;thu;j;ijfs; Ngry; nghUs; ,og;G> mfhy Nghrdk;>

Kaw;rp gypahik> jPNahupd; el;G> mtkhdk;.
8) uhF tapw;Wf;NfhshW> FLk;gg;gpupT> tPz;rz;il> tof;F> jpUlu;

gak;> mfhy Nghrdk;.
9) NfJ> Neha;> kdf;Fog;gk;> ,oe;jit fpilj;jy;> ngz;fshy;

cgj;jputk;> Kw;Nfhgj;jhy; jPq;F.
[d;k (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

el;rj;jpu mr;Rtpdp guzp fhu;j;jpif Nuhfpzp kpUfrPUlk;
k; kfk; G+uk; cj;jpuk; mj;jk; rpj;jpiu
%yk; G+uhlk; cj;jpuhlk; jpUNthzk; mtpl;lk;
Nuhfpzp kpUfrPuplk; jpUthjpiu Gdu;G+rk; G+rk;
mj;jk; rpj;jpiu Rthjp tprhfk; mD\k;
(1)
jpUNth mtpl;lk; rijak; G+ul;lhjp cj;.uhljp
G+rk; Mapy;ak; mr;Rtpdp guzp fhu;j;jpif
mD\k; Nfl;il kfk; G+uk; cj;juk;
(2)
gQ;rhq;f uPjpahd md;iwa el;rj;jpuk;
c.lhjp Nutjp %yk; G+uhlk; c.lk;

fhu;j; Nuhfpzp kpUfrPUlk; jpUthjpiu Gdu;
cj;jpuk; mj;jk; rpj;jpiu Rthjp tprhfk;
(3)
c.lk; jpUNthzk; mtpl;lk; rijak; G+ul;lhjp
Gdu; G+rk; Mapy;ak; mr;Rtpdp guzp
tprh mD\k; Nfl;il kfk; G+uk;
(4)
G+.lhjp cj;jul;lhjp Nutjp %yk; G+uhlk;
guzp fhu;j;jpif Nuhfpzp kpUfrPUlk; jpUNthzk;
G+uk; cj;jpuk; mj;jk; rpj;jpiu Rthjp
(5)
G+.lk; c.lk; jpUNthzk; mtpl;lk; rijak;
jpUth Gdu;G+rk; G+rk; Mapy;ak; mr;Rtpdp
Rthjp tprhfk; mDrk; Nfl;il kfk;
(6)
rij G+ul;lhjp c.lhjp Nutjp %yk;
mr;Rtp guzp fhu;j;jpif Nuhfpzp kpUfrPuplk;
kfk; G+uk; cj;juk; mj;jk; rpj;jpiu
(7)
%yk; G+uhlk; c.lk; jpUNthzk; mtpl;lk;
cx
kpUf jpUthjpiu Gdu;G+rk; G+rk; Mapy;ak;
rpj;jp Rthjp tprhfk; mD\k; Nfl;il
(8)
mtpl; rij G+ul;lhjp c.lhjp Nutjp
Mapy;ak; mr;Rtpdp guzp fhu;j;jpif Nuhfpzp
Nfl;il kfk; G+uk; cj;juk; mj;jk;
(9)
Nutjp %yk; G+uhlk; c.lk; jpUNthzk;
(6) (7) (8) (9) (10)

jpUthjpiu Gdu;G+rk; G+rk; Mapy;ak; fpufk;
Rthjp tprhfk; mD\k; Nfl;il
rjak; G+ul;lhjp cj;jpul;lhjp Nutjp
Mapy;ak; mr;Rtpdp guzp fhu;j;jpif
Nfl;il kfk; G+uk; cj;juk; #upad;
Nutjp %yk; G+uhlk; cj;jpuhlk;
Nuhfpzp kpUrPUlk; jpUthjpiu Gdu;G+rk; re;jpud;
mj;jk; rpj;jpiu Rthjp tprhfk;
jpUNthzk; mtpl;lk; rijak; G+ul;lhjp
G+rk; Mapy;ak; mr;Rtpdp guzp nrt;tha;
mD\k; Nfl;il kfk; G+uk;
c.lhjp Nutjp %yk; G+uhlk;
fhu;j;jpif Nuhfpzp kpUfrPuplk; jpUthjpiu Gjd;
cj;jpuk; mj;jk; rpj;jpiu Rthjp
c.lk; jpUNthzk; mtpl;lk; rijak;
Gdu;G+rk; G+rk; Mapy;ak; mr;Rtpdp FU
tprhfk; mD\k; Nfl;il kfk;
G+ul;lhjp cj;.lhjp Nutjp %yk;
guzp fhu;j;jpif Nuhfpzp kpUfrPUlk; Rf;fpud;
G+uk; cj;jpuk; mj;jk; rpj;jpiu
G+uhlk; c.lk; jpUNthzk; mtpl;lk;
jpUNthzk; Gdu;G+rk; G+rk; Mapy;ak; rdp
Rthjp tprhfk; mD\k; Nfl;il
rijak; G+ul;lhjp c.lhjp Nutjp
mr;Rtpdp guzp fhu;j;jpif Nuhfpzp uhF
kfk; G+uk; cj;juk; mj;jk;
%yk; G+uhlk; c.lk; jpUNthzk;
kpUfrPuplk; jpUthjpiu Gdu;G+rk; G+rk; NfJ
rpj;jpiu Rthjp tprhfk; mD\k;
mtpl;lk; rjak; G+ul;lhjp c.lhjp
cxi
Nahfq;fs;
xUtupd; rhjfj;jpy; xU fpufj;jpw;Fk; ,d;ndhU fpufj;jpw;Fk; cs;s
ey;y cwit Nahfk; vd;ghu;fs;. Nahfq;fs; 300 ,w;F
Nkw;gl;lit. ,Ue;j NghJk; rpy Nahfq;fs; rhjfidg; ngUk;
,d;gj;jpy; Mo;j;Jk; tifapy; nghd; nghUl;fisf; Ftpf;Fk;
,Ug;gpDk; Nahfq;fs; fpufq;fs; Ju;];jhdq;fspy; ,Ue;jhy; ey;y
gyd;fis vjpu;ghu;f;f KbahJ.
re;jpuNahfq;fs;
1) JUJuhNahfk; : re;jpuDf;Fg; gpd;Gk;> Kd;Gk; cs;s uhrpfspy;
uhFitAk; NfJitAk; jtpu;e;j Vida fpufq;fs; ,Ue;jhy;
JUJuh Nahfk; cz;lhFk;. ,jdhy; nry;tk;> fhzp G+kp>
thfdk;> Gfo; nry;thf;F cz;lhFk;.
2) meghNahfk; : re;jpuDf;F 12 tJ uhrpapy; uhF NfJf;fisj;

jtpu;e;j Vida fpufq;fs; ,Ug;gij megh Nahfk; vd;gu;.
,jdhy; NgUk; GfOk; cau;gjtpAk; nry;tKk; fpl;Lk;.
3) ReghNahfk;: re;jpuDf;Fg; gpd;Dk; Kd;Dk; fpufq;fs;

,y;yhjpUj;jiyr; ReghNahfk; vd;gu;. ,jdhy; kjpg;G kupahij
cau; gjtp thfdk; vd;gd fpl;Lk;.
4) f[Nfrup Nahfk; : ,ijf; Nfrup Nahfk; vd;Wk; nrhy;tu;.
re;jpuDf;Ff; Nfe;jpuj;jpy; mjhtJ 1>4>7>10>Mk; tPLfspy; FU
cxii
,Ug;gijr; f[Nfrup Nghfk; vd;gu;. ,jdhy; jPu;f;fhAs;>
ed;kf;fl; NgW> nry;tk;> Gfo;> cau; gjtp vd;gd fpl;Lk;.
5) mjpNahfk; : re;jpuDf;Fk;> 6>7>8Mk; tPLfspy; Rgu;fs; FU> Gjd;>

Rf;fpud; vd;w fpufq;fs; jdpj;Njh my;yJ xd;whfNth ,Ug;gij
mjpNahfk; vd;gu;. ,t;Nahffhuu; cau;gjtp tfpg;gu;. nry;tk;>
fhzp> G+kpf;Fupatuhtu;. kidtp my;yJ fztd;
ngUe;jdte;jdhf miktu;.
6) yf;fd mjpNahfk; : yf;fzj;jpw;F 6>7>8 ,y; Rgu;fs; ,Ue;jhy;

yf;fz mjpNahfk; cz;lhFk;.,jdhy; ngUk; gjtp> fy;tpapd;
Nkd;ik> gzf;fhu kidtp> fztd; miktu;.
#upaNahfq;fs;
1) thrp Nahfk; : #upaDf;F 12 ,y; uhF NfJf;fisj; jtpu kw;wf;
fpufq;fs; ,Ug;gij thrp Nahfk; vd;gu;. ,jdhy; Gfo;>
nfsutk;> nry;tk;> mjp\;lk; vd;gd Vw;gLk;.
2) Ntrp Nahfk; : #upaDf;F 2 ,y; ,uhF NfJf;fisj; jtpu NtW

fpufq;fs; ,Ue;jhy; mij NtrpNahfk; vd;gu;. ,jdhy;
nghd;nghUl; Nru;f;if> ey;y FLk;gk; mikAk;.
3) Rg cgarhup Nahfk; : #upaDf;F ,Ugf;fq;fspYk; fpufq;fs;

,Ug;gij Rg cgarhup Nahfk; vd;gu;. jdk;> tptrhaj;jpy;
Kd;Ndw;wk;> ey;y FLk;gk; mikAk;.
cxiii
4) ml;l yf;Rkp Nahfk; : ,uhF Mwpy; ,Ue;J FU Nfe;jpuj;jpy;
,Ue;jhy; ,e;j Nahfk; Vw;gLk;. ,jdhy; ryf I];tupaq;fSk;
fpl;Lk;.
5) tRkjp Nahfk; : Rgf;fpufq;fs;> cgra tPLfshd 3>6>10>11 ,y;

,Ue;jhy; tRkjpNahfk; cz;lhFk;. ,jdhy; rfy
nrsghf;fpaq;fSk; fpilf;Fk;.
6) tpguPj uh[Nahfk; : Ju;];jhdq;fshfpa 6>8>12 ,d; mjpgjpfs;

jdpj;Njh my;yJ xd;W $bNah 6>8>12 Mk; tPLfspy;
,Ue;jhy; ,t;Nahfk; cz;lhFk;. ,jdhy; rhjfu; vjpu;ghuhj
tifapy; NfhB];tuu; Mthu;.
7) ePrgq;f uh[Nahfk; : fpufq;fs; ePruhrpapy; ,Ue;jhy; ePruhtu;.

,Ug;gpDk; ,tu;fs; epd;w uhrpehjd; Ml;rp my;yJ cr;rk;
ngw;whYk;> my;yJ yf;fdj;jpw;Nfh re;jpuDf;Nfh Nfe;jpuj;jpy;
,Ue;jhYk; ePrgq;f uhrNahfk; cz;lhFk;. mjhtJ ePrk; ePq;fp
cr;rkilAk;. ,jdhy; rfy I];tupaq;fSk; cz;lhFk;.
gQ;rkfh GU\ Nahfq;fs;:

8) rfNahfk; : rdp Ml;rp> cr;rq;fspy; Nfj;jpuj;jpy; epw;gjhy;
rfNahfk; cz;lhFk;. fy;tpawpT> nrhj;J> fhzp> G+kp> thfdk;>
cau;e;j njhopy; Vw;gLk;.
9) fk;r Nahfk; : Rf;fpud; Ml;rp my;yJ cr;rk; ngw;W

yf;fpdj;jpw;Nfh my;yJ re;jpuDf;Nfh Nfe;jpuj;jpy; ,Ue;jhy;
cxiv
,t;Nahfk; cz;lhFk;. jdk;> Mil> Mguzk;> tPL>thry;
fhzp>G+kp NrUk;.
10) gj;juNahfk; : Gjd; Ml;rp> my;yJ cr;rk; ngw;W

yf;fzj;jpw;Nfh> re;jpudpw;Nfh Nfe;jpuj;jpy; ,Ue;jhy; ,t;Nahfk;
cz;lhFk;. fk;gPukhd Njhw;wk;> jdr;Nru;f;if> Ngr;R td;ik>
Gfo;> kjpg;G vd;gdthFk;.
11) UrfNahfk; :nrt;tha; Ml;rp my;yJ cr;rk; ngw;W

yf;fpdj;jpw;Nfh my;yJ re;jpuDf;Nfh Nfe;jpu jpupNfhzq;fspy;
,Ue;jhy; ,t; Nahfk; cz;lhFk;. Nkyjpfhuk;> vjpupfis
nty;ty;> rfy nry;tq;fSk; ngwy;> thfdr; Nru;f;if vd;gd
,lk;ngWk;.
12) khyt;tpa Nahfk; : Rf;fpud; Ml;rp my;yJ cr;rk; ngw;W

yf;fzj;jpw;Nfh> re;jpuDf;Nfh Nfj;jpuj;jpy; epw;gjhy; ,t;Nahfk;
cz;lhFk;. Ngu;> Gfo;> kjpg;G kupahij> nfsutk;> mofpa
Njhw;wk;> gzk;> gjtp fiyfspy; Mu;tk; ,Uf;Fk;.
rflNahfk; : re;jpuDf;Ff; FU 8 my;yJ 12 ,y; ,Ue;jhy;

rflNahfk; Vw;gLk;. ,e;jr; rhjfu; rf;fuk; Nghd;w tho;itg;
ngWtu;. Jd;gq;fNs mjpfkhf tUk;.
mfz;l rhk;uh[;a Nahfk;
cxv
2>9 my;yJ 11 ,w;F cupatd; Ml;rp my;yJ cr;rk; ngw;W>
gyk; ngw;W FU Ie;jpw;Nfh my;yJ gj;jpw;Nfh mjpgjpahfpf;
Nfe;jpuq;fspy; ,Ue;jhy; ,e;j Nahfk; cz;lhFk;. ,jdhy;
fy;tp> jdk;> fhzp> G+kp NrUk;.
jpUkzg; nghUj;jk;
jpUkzq;fs; nrhu;f;fj;jpy; epl;rapf;fg;gLfpd;wd vd;Wk;> kidtp

miktnjy;yhk; ,iwtd; nfhLj;jtuk; vd;Wk;> ,e;J rkak;
$WfpwJ. Xu; MZk; xU ngz;Zk; rka rk;gpujhaq;fspd;gb
,ize;J nfhs;tNj jpUkzk;. ngupNahu;fs; epl;rapj;J
rkatpjpKiwf;Nfw;g elf;Fk; rlq;Fjhd; jpUkzk;. tho;tpy; md;G>
gz;G> mikjp> gzk;> nghUs;> fhzp> G+kp gps;isfs; vd;gd
,UtiuAk; Nru Ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhfr; Rgehspy;> RgNtisapy;
eilngWtJ jpUkzk;. ,it Nrug; nghUj;jq;fs; mikjy;
Ntz;Lk;. mjw;fhfNt Nrhjplu;fs; nghUj;jk; ghu;f;fpd;wdu;. ,J
mtrpakhd xd;whFk;.
nghUj;jq;fs;
jpdg; nghUj;jk;> fzg;nghUj;jk;> Nahdpg; nghUj;jk;> ur;Rg;
nghUj;jk;> Ntijg; nghUj;jk;> uhrpg; nghUj;jk;> ehbg;nghUj;jk;>
el;rj;jpug; nghUj;jk;> kNfe;jpug; nghUj;jk;> ];jpupjPu;f;fg; nghUj;jk;>
uhrp mjpgjpg; nghUj;jk; Nghd;w nghUj;jq;fisg; ghu;g;gJ tof;fk;.
cxvi
jpUkzk; vd;gJ vjpu;fhyj;jpy; ey;y Fbkf;fis
cUthf;Ftjw;fhfg; ngupNahu;fshy; nra;J itf;fg;gLk; Kf;fpakhd
rlq;fhFk;. nghUj;jq;fs; ghu;j;jy; Ntz;Lk;. Kf;fpakhf
kdg;nghUj;jk; ghu;j;jy; Ntz;Lk;. cwTfisNah> gzk;> nghUs;>
jFjp> juhjuj;ijNah ghu;j;Jj; jpUkzk; nra;af;$lhJ. vjpu;fhyk;
,d;gkhf mikaNtz;Lnkd;gNj jpUkzq;fspd; Fwpf;Nfhshf
mika Ntz;Lk;.
Kjyhtjhf el;rj;jpuq;fs; nghUe;j Ntz;Lk;. mit

nghUe;jh tpl;lhy;> Njh\q;fs; cz;lhFk;. tpyf;fg;gl;l
el;rj;jpuq;fisAk;> nghUe;jhj el;rj;jpuq;fisAk; tpyf;f Ntz;Lk;.
,it nghUe;jhtpl;lhy; FLk;gj;jpy; nghUs; ,Ue;jhYk; epk;kjp
,uhJ.
mLj;Jf; fzg;nghUj;jk; ,jpfhrq;fisAk;> Guhzq;fisAk;

vLj;J Nehf;fpdhy;> Njtu;> kdpju;> ,uhl;rju; vd;w %d;W
,dq;fSk; jhd; ,d;W %d;W fzq;fshtijf; fhzyhk;.
,uhl;rju;fSk;> Njtu;fSk;> epue;jug; gifahspfs;> Guhz
,jpfhrq;fspd;gbNa fzq;fs; tFf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
mLj;J kNfe;jpug; nghUj;jk; ghu;g;gJ ed;kf;fl; Ngw;wpw;fhf

ngz; rfy trjpfSlDk; jPu;f;f Rkq;fypahf tho Ntz;Lnkd;W
vz;zpNa ,g;nghUj;jk; ghu;f;fg;gLfpwJ.
mLj;J Nahdpg;nghUj;jk; Mz;> ngz; cwtpy; ,d;gj;ijf;

nfhLg;gjw;fhfg; ghu;f;fg;gLtJ. nghUj;jkhd Nahdpfshdhy; md;G>
cxvii
Mir> tpUg;G> neUf;fk;> gpuptp;d;ik> kfpo;T vd;gd cz;lhFk;.
,jw;fhfNt ,g; nghUj;jk; ghu;f;fg;gLfpwJ.
mLj;J ,uhrpg; nghUj;jk; ,Uk;igf; fhe;jk; ftu;tJ Nghy

,uhrpia ,uhrp ftu;e;J kfpo;itf; nfhLf;Fk;. ,uhrp mjpgjpfs;
nghUj;jkhdtu;fshf ,Ue;jhy; Cly; Vw;gLNk jtpug; gpupT
Vw;glhJ.
mLj;J trpag; nghUj;jk; gpur;rpidfs; Jd;gq;fs; te;jhYk;
trpak; nra;ag;gl;ltu;fs; Nghy gpupahky; tho ,g;nghUj;jk;
cjTk;.
mLj;J ,ur;Rg; nghUj;jk; vd;fpd;w jhypg; nghUj;jk;

,g;nghUj;jk; ,y;yhjtplj;J GU\d; Nehahspahfyhk;>
kuzkilayhk;> gzf;f\;lk;> cwtpdu; gif> kidtpf;Fj; jPuhj
Neha; vd;gd cz;lhFk;.
ehbg;nghUj;jk; vd;gJ ,uj;jk; nghUe;JtJ. rpyupd; ,uj;j

tif rpyUf;Fg; nghUe;jhJ. ,jdhy; tyJ Fiwe;j gps;isfs;
gpwg;ghu;fs;. Mz; ngz; cwtpy; jpUg;jpapuhJ.
mLj;J Ntijg; nghUj;jk; vd;gJ Fw;wk;> Fiwfisg;

nghWj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; jd;ikia cz;lhf;FtJ. Nkw;nrhy;yg;gl;l
fhuzq;fSf;fhfj;jhd; jpUkzj;jpd; NghJ nghUj;jk;
ghu;f;fg;gLfpwJ.
Kf;fpakhd nghUj;jq;fs;
cxviii
jpdg;nghUj;jk;> fzg;nghUj;jk;> Nahdpg;nghUj;jk;> uhrpg; nghUj;jk;>
ur;Rg;nghUj;jk; vd Ie;J nghUj;jq;fs; ,Ug;gpd; jpUkzk;
nra;ayhk;. ,jpy; %d;W fl;lhak; nghUe;j Ntz;Lk;. ur;Rg;
nghUe;jh tpl;lhy; jpUkzk; nra;af;$lhJ.
1) jpdg; nghUj;jk;
ngz;zpd; el;rj;jpuk; Kjy; Guprdpd; el;rj;jpuk;
2>4>6>8>9>11>13>15>18>20>24>26 vd vz;zpf;ifapy; ,Ug;gJ
cj;jkk;.,t;ntz;zpf;ifapy;yhj el;rj;jpuk; nghUe;jhJ.
Nuhfpzp> jpUthjpiu> kfk;> tprhfk;> jpUNthzk;> mj;jk;>

cj;jul;lhjp> Nutjp Mfpa el;rj;jpuq;fspy; MZk; ngz;Zk;
gpwe;jpUe;jhy; cj;jkk;.
G+uk;> cj;jpuk;> rpj;jpiu> Gdu;G+rk;> G+rk;> m];tpdp> fhu;j;jpif> G+uhlk;>

cj;jpuhlk;> kpUfrPuplk;> mDrk; Mfpa el;rj;jpuq;fspy; ngz;Zk;
MZk; gpwe;jpUe;jhy; kj;jpkk;. Vidait nghUe;jhJ.
2) fzg;nghUj;jk;
Njtfzk;
m];tpdp> kpUfrPUlk;> Gdu;G+rk;> G+rk;> mj;jk;> Rthjp>
mDrk;> jpUNthzk;> Nutjp Mfpa 9 el;rj;jpuq;fSk; Njtfzk;.
kDr fzk;
cxix
guzp> Nuhfpzp> jpUthjpiu> G+uk;> cj;juk;> G+uhlk;>
cj;jpuhlk;> G+ul;lhjp> cj;jul;lhjp Mfpa 9 el;rj;jpuq;fSk; kDr
fzk;.
,uhl;rj fzk;
fhu;j;jpif> Mapypak;> kfk;> rpj;jpiu> tprhfk;> Nfl;il> %yk;>
mtpl;lk;> rjak;> Mfpa 9 el;rj;jpuq;fSk; ,uhl;rj fzk;.
ngz;Zk; khg;gps;isAk; ,uhl;rj fzk; jtpu xNu fzkhf
,Ue;jhy; cj;jkk;.
ngz; Njtfzk;> khg;gps;is kdpjfzkhdhy; kj;jpkk;
ngz; Njtfzk;> khg;gps;is ,uhl;rjfzkhdhy; mjkk;. ,J

Nghy ngz; kdpj fzKk;> khg;gps;is ,uhl;rjfzkhdhy; mjkk;.
ngz; ,uhl;rjfzKk; khg;gps;is kdpjfzKk; Mdhy;
nghUe;jhJ.
3) kNfe;jpug;nghUj;jk; - Gj;jpug;NgW> jdjhdpa tpUj;jp

ngz;zpd; el;rj;jpuk; Kjy; GuprdJ el;rj;jpuk; tiu
vz;zpdhy; 4>7>10>13>16>19>22>25 tUkhapd; cj;jkk;.
4) ];jpupjPu;f;fk;
rfy rk;gj;Jf;fSk; tpUj;jpahFk;. jPu;f;f Rkq;fypahfg; ngz;
,Ug;gjw;F ngz;zpd; el;rj;jpuk; Kjy; khg;gps;isapd;
el;rj;jpuk; tiu vz;zpdhy; 13 ,w;F NkypUe;jhy; nghUj;jk;.
mjw;Ff; Fiwthf ,Ue;jhy; nghUe;jhJ.
cxx
5) Nahdpg; nghUj;jk; (jhk;gjpa Rfk;)
xt;nthU el;rj;jpuj;jpw;Fk; xt;nthU kpUfk; cz;L.
ngz;Zf;Fg; ngz; NahdpahfTk;> MZf;F Mz; NahdpahfTk;
gifapy;yhj Nahdpahf ,Ue;jhy; cj;jkk;. ,UtUf;Fk; Mz;
Nahdpahdhy; nghUe;jhJ.
mr;Rtpdp - Mz;Fjpiu
guzp - Mz; ahid
fhu;j;jpif - ngz; ML
Nuhfpzp - Mz; ehfk;
kpUfrPuplk; - ngz;rhiu
jpUthjpiu - Mz; eha;
Gdu;G+rk; - ngz; G+id
G+rk; - Mz; ML
Mapy;ak; - Mz; G+id
kfk; - Mz; vyp
G+uk; - ngz; vyp
cj;juk; - vUJ
mj;jk; - ngz; vUik
rpj;jpiu - Mz;Gyp
Rthjp - Mz; vUik
tprhfk; - ngz;Gyp
mD\k; - ngz;khd;
Nfl;il - fiykhd;
%yk; - ngz;eha;
cxxi
G+uhlk; - Mz;Fuq;F
cj;jpuhlk; - kyl;L;g;gR
jpUNthzk; - ngz;Fuq;F
mtpl;lk; - ngz;rpq;fk;
rjak; - ngz;Fjpiu
G+ul;lhjp - Mz;rpq;fk;
cj;jul;lhjp - ghw;gR
Nutjp - ngz; ahid
(,jpy; rpy gQ;rhq;fq;fspy; cj;juhlk; - fPup vd;W
Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sJ)
ghk;G - fPup
ahid - rpq;fk;
Fuq;F-ML
khd; - eha; n[d;k tpNuhjpfs;
vyp - G+id
Fjpiu - vUik
gR – Gyp
NkNy nrhy;yg;gl;l ,uz;L el;rj;jpuq;fspy; Kjy; el;rj;jpuk;

MzhfTk;> ,uz;lhtijg; ngz;zhfTk; mwpe;J tpthfk; nra;jy;
eyk;. xNu ,dkhf Nahdp Vw;gLtjhy; jk;gjpfSf;Fs; xw;Wik
mjpfk; cz;L. cjhuzkh mr;Rtpdp> rjak; ,tw;wpy; mr;Rtpdp
cxxii
MzhfTk;> rjak; ngz;zhfTk; ,uz;Lk; nghUe;jp cs;sJ.
,ijg; Nghy Vidatw;iwAk; ghu;j;Jr; nra;aTk;.
6) ,uhrpg;nghUj;jk; (tk;r tpUj;jp)

ngz;zpd; ,uhrpapy; ,Ue;J khg;gps;isapd; ,uhrpapid
vz;zpdhy; 6 ,w;FNky; ,Ue;jhy; nghUj;jk;. MwhtJk;
nghUe;jhJ. ,Ug;gpDk; Fk;gKk; rpq;fKk;> kfuKk;> flfKk;
nghUe;jhJ. 2>6>8>12> ck; nghUe;jhJ. ngz; ,uhrpf;F
khg;gps;isapd; ,uhrp 6>8-8>6 Mf te;jhy; r\;lh\;f Njhrk;
cz;lhFk;. ,J kpfTk; jPikahdJ. ,jw;F tpyf;Fz;L.
ngz;zpd; ,uhrpAk; khg;gps;isapd; ,uhrpAk; xNu ,uhrpahf
,Ue;jhy; Rgk;. 1>3>4>5>9>11 Mf tupd; kj;jpkk;.
mD$y r\;lh\;lk;
ngz;zpd; ,uhrp khg;gps;isapd; ,uhrp
1) Nklk; fd;dp
2) jDR ,lgk;
3) Jyhk; kPdk;
4) Fk;gk; flfk;
5) rpq;fk; kfuk;
6) kpJdk; tpUl;rpfk;
,t; MW ,uhrpf;fhuu;fSf;Fk; r\;lh\;lf Njh\k; ,uhJ.
7) ,uhrp mjpgjpg; nghUj;jk; (re;jjp tpUj;jp)
fpufk; el;G rkk; gif
1.#upad; re;>nrt;>FU Gjd; Rf;>rdp>uh>Nf
2.re;jpud; #upa>Gj nr>FU>Rf;>rdp uhF>NfJ
cxxiii
3.nrt;tha; #up>re;>FU Rf;>rdp uhF>NfJ>Gj
4.Gjd; #up>Rf; nr.F.uh>NfJ>r re;jpud;
5.FU #up>re;>nrt; rdp>uh>NfJ Gjd;>Rf;
6.Rf;fpud; G>r>uh>NfJ nrt;>FU #up>re;>nr
7.rdp G>Rf;>uh>NfJ FU #up>re;>nr
8.uhF>NfJ rdp>Rf; Gjd;>FU #up>re;>nrt;
1. ,UtUf;Fk; el;ghdhy; cj;jkk;.

2. xUtUf;Fr; rkk;> xUtUf;F el;ghdhy; cj;jkk;.
3. xUtUf;Fg; gif> xUtUf;F el;ghdhy; kj;jpkk;
4. xUtUf;Fr; rkk;> xUtUf;Fg; gifahdhy; nghUj;jkpy;iy
5. ,UtUf;Fk; gifahdhYk; nghUj;jkpy;iy.
8) trpag;nghUj;jk;.
(ftu;r;rp> md;dpNahd;ak; ,ire;J Nghjy;)
ngz;zpd; ,uhrp -khg;gps;isapd; ,uhrp
Nklk; - rpq;fk;> tpUl;rpfk;
,lgk; - flfk;> Jyhk;
kpJdk; - fd;dp
flfk; - tpUl;rpfk;> jDR
rpq;fk; - kfuk;
fd;dp - ,lgk;> kPdk;
Jyhk; - kfuk;
tpUl;rpfk; - flfk;> fd;dp
jDR - kPdk;
kfuk; - Fk;gk;
Fk;gk; - kPdk;
kPdk; - kfuk;
Vida ,uhrpfs; nghUe;jhJ.
9) ,ur;Rg; nghUj;jk;. jhypg;nghUj;jk; kpfKf;fpakhdJ.
cxxiv
ur;R 5 tifg;gLk;. ngz; gps;isfSila el;rj;jpuq;fs;
xNu ur;Rthf ,y;yhky; ghu;j;Jr; nra;jhy;> ngz; jPu;f;f
Rkq;fypahf tho;ths;.
xNu ur;RtpYk;> MNuh`zk;> mtNuh`zk; vd;W ,U
gpupTfs; cz;L. rpyu; Mz;>ngz; el;rj;jpuq;fs; xNu ur;Rtpy;
,Ue;jhYk;> MNuh`zk;> mtNuh`zkhf ,Ue;jhy; nra;ayhk;
vd;ghu;fs;. vd;whYk; xNu ur;Rthf ,y;yhkypUg;gJ ey;yJ.
1. rpNuh u[;[P - GU\d; kuzk;

2. fz;l u[;;[P - ngz; kuzk;
3. cjhu u[;;[P- Gj;jpuNjh\k;
4. CU u[;[P - gz e\;lk;
5. ghj u[;[P - gpuahzj;jpy; Jd;gk;
1. kpUfrPuplk;> rpj;jpiu> mtpl;lk; - rpu]{
2. Nuhfpzp>mj;jk;>jpUNthzk;> MNuh`zk; fz;lk;

jpUthjpiu>Rthjp>rjak;> mtNuh`zk;
3. fhu;j;jpif>cj;juk;>cj;uhlk;> -MNuh`zk;
cju
Gdu;G+rk;>tprhfk;>G+ul;lhjp> - mtNuh`zk;
4. guzp>G+uk;>G+uhlk;> - MNuh`zk;
CU
G+rk;>mD\k;>cj;ul;lhjp>- mtNuh`zk;
5. mr;Rtpdp>kfk;>%yk;>- MNuh`zk;
ghjk;
Mapy;ak;>Nfl;il>Nutjp>-mtNuh`zk;
cxxv
9) Ntijg; nghUj;jk;
Ntij vd;why; tpl;Lf;nfhLj;J thOjy;> xUtiu xUtu;
jhq;Fjy; vd;W nghUs;. Ntijapy; ,Uf;Fk; el;rj;jpuq;fs;
nghUe;jhJ. kpUfrPuplk;> rpj;jpiu> mtpl;lk; ,k;%d;W
el;rj;jpuq;fSf;Fs; xd;Wf;nfhd;W Ntij cz;L. MfNt
mit nghUe;jhJ. xd;Wf;nfhd;W Ntij ,y;yhjpUg;gNj
nghUe;Jk;.
mr;Rtpdpf;F Nfl;il NtijahFk;

guzpf;F mDrk; NtijahFk;
fhu;j;jpif;F tprhfk; NtijahFk;
Nuhfpzpf;F Rthjp NtijahFk;
jpUthjpiuf;F jpUNthzk; NtijahFk;
Gdu;G+rj;Jf;F cj;uhlk; NtijahFk;
G+rj;Jf;F G+uhlk; NtijahFk;
Mapy;aj;Jf;F %yk; NtijahFk;
kfj;Jf;F Nutjp NtijahFk;
G+uj;Jf;F cj;ul;lhjp NtijahFk;
cj;jpuj;Jf;F cj;ul;lhjp NtijahFk;
mj;jj;jpw;F rjak; NtijahFk;
10) ehbg; nghUj;jk;

ngz;zpd; ehbAk;> Mzpd; ehbAk; ntt;Ntwhf ,Uj;jy;
Ntz;Lk;. xNu ehbahdhy; FLk;gj;jpy; Fog;gq;fs; Vw;gLk;. ,J
cxxvi
,d;iwa kUj;Jtj;jpd; ,uj;jg; gpupitf; Fwpf;Fk;. Fiwg;
gpurtk;> mq;ftPdq;fs; Vw;glhjpUf;f ,g;nghUj;jk; cjTk;.
thj ehb gpj;j ehb rpNyhj;Jt ehb

m];tpdp> guzp> fhu;j;jpif
jpUthjpiu kpUfrPUlk; Nuhfpzp
Gdu;G+rk; G+rk; Mapypak;
cj;juk; G+uk; kfk;
mj;jk; rpj;jpiu Rthjp
Nfl;il mDrk; tprhfk;
%yk; G+uhlk; cj;juhlk;
rjak; mtpl;lk; jpUNthzk;
G+ul;lhjp cj;jul;lhjp Nutjp
Mz;>ngz; ,UtUf;Fk; rpNyj;Jt ehbahf ,Ue;jhYk; nghUj;jk;
cz;L.
tpUl;rk;
ghy; cs;sit ghy; ,y;yhjit
fhu;j;jpif – mj;jp m];tpdp –vl;b
Nuhfpdp – ehty; guzp – ney;yp
G+rk; - muR kpUfrPuplk; - fUq;fhyp
Mapypak; - Gd;id jpUthjpiu –nrq;fUq;fhyp
kfk; - My; Gdu;G+rk; - %q;fpy;
G+uk; - gyh rpj;jpiu – tpy;tk;
cj;juk; - myup Rthjp – kUjk;
mj;jk; - Nty; tprhfk; - tpsh
Nfl;il – gpuha; mtpl;lk; - td;dp
%yk; - khkuk; mDrk; - kfpo;
cxxvii
G+uhlk; - tQ;rp rjak; - flk;G
cj;juhlk; - gyh cj;jul;lhjp – Ntk;G
jpUNthzk; - vUf;F
G+ul;lhjp – Njkh
Nutjp - ,Yg;ig
ghy; kuk; ,y;yhjpUg;gpd; kNfe;jpug; nghUj;jk; cz;lhdhy; jpUkzk;

nra;ayhk;. kNfe;jpug; nghUj;jKk; ,y;yhjtplj;J Mz;> ngz; rhjfj;jpy;
5Mk; ,lk;> 5Mk; ,lj;jpw;Fupatu;> FUtpd; epiy ,tw;iw Muha;e;J
KbntLf;fyhk;.
tpthfg; nghUj;jKs;s el;rj;jpuq;fs;
tupir ngz;Zila nghUe;jf; nghUe;jhj
vz; el;rj;jpuk; $ba tudpd; el;rj;jpuq;fs;
el;rj;jpuq;fs;
1 mr;Rtpdp guzp>Nuhfp>jpUthjp> fhu;j;>kpUfrP
kfk; G+r>G+uk;>mj;jk;> Gdu;>cj;jp>rpj;jp>
%yk; Rthjp>mD\>G+uhlk; tprhf>cj;juhlk;>
jpUNth>rij>cj;jul; mtpl;>G+ul;lhjp
2. guzp fhu;j;jpif Nuhfp>jpUthjp.G+rk;
G+uk; kpUf>Gdu;>Map>cj;jp mj;jk;>Rthjp>mD\.
G+uhlk; rpj;jpu>tprh>Nfl;>cj;> jpUNth>rij>c.lhjp
mtpl;>G+u;>Nut
3. fpUj;jpif Nuhfp>jpUthjp> kpUf>Gdu;>Map>rpj;jp>
cj;jpuk; G+r>kfk;>mj;>Rthjp. tprh>Nfl;il>mtpl;
cj;jpuhlk; mD>%yk;>jpUNth G+ul;>Nutjp
rij> c.lhjp>mr;Rtpdp
4. Nuhfpzp kpU>Gdu;.Map>G+u jpUth>G+rk;>kfk;>
mj;jk; rpj;>tprh>Nfl;>G+uh Rthjp>mD\>
jpUNthzk; mtpl;>G+ul;>Nut %yk;>rjak;>c.lhjp
guzp mRt
5 kpUfrPu;lk; jpUth>G+rk;>kfk; Gdu;>Mapy;> G+uk;
rpj;jpiu cj;uk;>Rth>mD> tprh>Nfl;>G+uhlk;
mtpl;lk; %yk;>c-lk;>rij G+ul;>Nutjp>guzp
c-hjp>mRt>fhu;j;
6 jpUthjpiu Gdu;>Map>G+uk;> G+rk;>kfk;>cj;jpuk;
Rthjp mj;>tprh>Nfl;> mD\k;>%yk;>c-k;
rijak; G+uh>jpUNth>G+ul; mr;Rtpdp>fhu;j;jpif
cxxviii
Nut> guzp>Nuhfp
7 Gdu;tR G+rk;.kfk;>cj;juk; Mapy;>G+uk;>mj;>
tprhfk; rjp>mD>%yk;> Nfl;>G.lk;>jpUNth>
G+ul;ljp c.lhjp>mR>f;Uj;> Nutjp>guzp>
kpU Nuhfpzp
8. G+rk; Mapy;> G+uk;>mj; kfk;>cj;juk;>rpj;jp>
mD\k; Rth>Nfl;>G+uh> %yk;>mtpl;>mr;Rtpdp>
cj;jul;lhjp jpUNth>rij>Nutjp fhu;j;jpif>kpUfrPUlk;
guzp> Nuhfp> jpUth
9 Mapy;ak; kfk;> cj;uk;>rpj; G+uk;> mj;>Rthjp>
Nfl;il tprh>%yk;>c-lk;> G+uh>jpUNth>rij>
Nutjp mtpl;> G+ul;lhjp> guzp>Nuhfp>jpUthjp
mr;R>fhu;j;>kpUf>Gdu;
nrt;tha; Njhrk;
jpUkzj;jpd; NghJ kpfTk; mtjhdkhfg; ghu;f;f Ntz;ba tplak;
,J. ,yf;fzk;> re;jpud;> Rf;fpud;> Mfpatw;wpw;F 1>7>8-2>4>12>
Mfpa ,lq;fspy; nrt;tha; ,Ue;jhy; Njhrnkdf; nfhs;sy;
Ntz;Lk;. kw;iwa ghtf; fpufq;fs; ,Ue;jhYk; Njhrk; cz;L.
Nklk;> tpUl;rpfk;> kfuj;jpy; nrt;tha; ,Ue;jhy; Njhrk; ,y;iy.
#upad; FU> rdp MfpNahUld; Nru;e;Njh my;yJ
ghu;f;fg;gl;bUe;jhNyh Njhrkpy;iy. nrt;tha; Njhrk; ,UtUf;Fk;
,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. xUtUf;fpUe;J kw;wtUf;F ,y;yhtpl;lhy;
ngUe;Jd;gq;fs; tho;tpy; Vw;gLk;. mjdhy; NrhjplE}y;fs; nrt;tha;
Njh\gupfhukhfg; gytw;iwf; $wpAs;sd. me;jg; gupfhuq;fSk;
,y;yhtpl;lhy; jpUkzk; nra;af;$lhJ.
1) flf yf;fpdk;> rpk;k ,yf;fpdj;jpy; gpwe;jtu;fSf;F nrt;tha;

vq;fpUe;jhYk; Njhrk; ,y;iy.
cxxix
2) nrt;tha; ,Uf;Fk; ,uz;lhk; ,lk; kpJdk; my;yJ
fd;dpahdhy; Njh\kpy;iy.
3) nrt;tha; ,Uf;Fk; ehd;fhkplk;> Nklk;> tpUl;rpfkhdhy;
Njh\kpy;iy.
4) nrt;tha; ,Uf;Fkplk; 7Mk; ,lk;> flfk; kfukhdhy;
Njhrkpy;iy.
5) nrt;tha; ,Uf;Fkplk; vl;lhk; ,lk;> jDR kPdkhdhy;
Njhrkpy;iy.
6) nrt;tha; ,Uf;Fkplk;> gd;dpuz;lhk; ,lk;> ,lgk;> Jyhkhdhy;
Njrhkpy;iy.
7) nrt;tha; FUTld; Nru;e;jpUe;jhy; Njh\kpy;iy.
8) nrt;tha; re;jpuDld; Nru;e;jpUe;jhy; Njh\kpy;iy.
9) nrt;tha; GjDld; Nru;e;jpUe;jhYk;> Gjd; ghu;j;jhYk;
Njh\kpy;iy.
10) nrt;tha;> #upaDld; Nru;e;jpUe;jhYk;> #upad; ghu;j;jhYk;
Njh\kpy;iy.
11) nrt;tha; ,Uf;Fk; ,uhrpapd; mjpgjp yf;fdj;jpw;F 1>4>5>7>9>10
,tw;wpy; vq;fpUe;jhYk; Njh\kpy;iy.
12) 8>12>,y; nrt;tha; ,Uf;Fk;> uhrp> Nklk;> rpq;fk;> tpUr;rpfk;>
kfukhdhy; Njh\kpy;iy.
13) nrt;tha; jdJ cr;r tPlhd kfuj;jpyhtJ> nrhe;j tPLfshd
Nklk;> tpUr;rpf uhrpfspy; ,Ue;jhy; Njh\kpy;iy.
14) rdp>uhF>NfJ ,tu;fSld; $bapUe;jhYk; ,tu;fshw;

ghu;f;fg;gl;lhYk; Njhrkpy;iy.
cxxx
15) nrt;tha; jdJ kpj;jpuu;fshfpa #upad;> re;jpud;> FU ,tu;fsJ
tPLfshfTk;> rpq;fk;> flfk;> jDR> kPdk; Mfpa uhrpfspy;
vq;fhtJ ,Ue;jhYk; Njh\kpy;iy.
fpufght ml;ltiz
fpuf ght ml;ltiz
cxxxi
yf;fdj;jpw;F fpufghtk; ghu;g;gJ Nghy> re;jpuidAk;> Rf;fpuidAk;
yf;fpdkhff; nfhz;Lk; fpuf ghtk; ghu;g;gJz;L. mg;gbg;
ghu;g;gjhapd; re;jpuid vz;zp> fzpf;fg;gLk; ghtj;jpd;
miug;gq;ifAk;> Rf;fpuid vz;zpf; fzpf;fg;gLk; ghtj;jpd;
fhw;gq;ifAk; yf;fpd ghtj;Jld; $l;bg; ghu;j;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
Mzpd; fpufghtKk;> ngz;zpd; fpufghtKk; rkkhf ,Ug;gpDk;>

Mzpd; fpufghtj; njhifapy; 75 tPjj;jpw;F Nky; E}Wf;Fs;
ngz;zpd; fpufghtk; ,Ug;gpDk; cj;jkk;.
Mzpd; fpufghtj; njhifapy; Ik;gJ tPjj;jpw;Fk; vOgj;ije;J
tPjj;jpw;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l vz;zpf;ifapy; ngz;zpd; fpufghtk;
,Ug;gpd; kj;jpkk;. ngz;zpd; fpufghtk; Mzpd; fpufghtj;jpYk;
Ik;gJ tPjj;jpw;F Fiwe;jhy; nghUe;jhJ.
jpUkzk; nra;a cfe;jehl;fs;> jiyg;gps;isahf ,Ue;jhy;

gpwe;j thuk;> gpwe;j el;rj;jpuk;> gpwe;j khjj;jpy; jpUkzk;
nra;af;$lhJ.
m];tpdp> Gdu;G+rk;> G+rk;> rpj;jpiu> mtpl;lk;> rjak;> Nuhfpzp>

kpUfrPuplk;> kfk;> cj;juk;> mj;jk;> Rthjp> mDrk;> %yk;>
cj;juhlk;> jpUNfhzk;> cj;jul;ljhjp> Nutjp> Mfpa el;rj;jpuq;fs;
rpwe;jit> jiyg;gps;is MZk;> ngz;Zk; Mdpkhj;jpNyh my;yJ
Nfl;il el;rj;jpuj;jpNyh gpwe;jpUe;jhy; jpUkzk; nra;jyhfhJ.
cxxxii
Vf el;rj;jpuq;fspy; rpy nghUj;jk; ghu;f;fhkNy jpUkzk; nra;ayhk;.
cjhuzkhf jpUNthz el;rj;jpuj;jpy; gpwe;j MZk; ngz;Zk;
jpUkzk; nra;ayhk; vd;W Nrhjpl E}y;fs; $Wfpd;wd. Mdhy;
fpufq;fs; khWk; NghJ ,UtUf;Fk; xNu gyNd elf;Fk;. uhF>NfJ>
FU> rdp vd;gd khWk; NghJk; ,d;gj;ijf; nfhLf;Fk; NghJk;
Jd;gj;ijf; nfhLf;Fk; NghJk; xNu khjpupahfNt nfhLf;Fk;
ml;lkj;Jr; rdp> Voiur; rdp vd;gd elf;Fk; NghJ ,UtUk; ngUk;
Jd;gkiltu;. kidtpapd; gyd; fztUf;Fk;> fztdpd; gyd;
kidtpf;Fk; Jd;g Jau Neuq;fspy; cjTk;. ,UtUf;Fk;
Jd;gkhdhy; cjt ahUk; ,uhu;. ,J Nghy tUkhdk;> njhopy;
Neha; vd;gijAk; mikAk;. vdNt rhjfu;fs; ,t;tplaj;jpy;
ftdkhf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. Nfhtyd;> fz;zfp> esd; jkae;jp>
mupr;re;jpud; re;jpukjp Nghd;wtu;fs; Jd;ggl;gl;l NghJ flTshy;
kl;LNk cjt Kbe;jJ. vdNt Vfel;rj;jpuj;ijj; jtpu;j;jy; ed;W.
rhjfk; ,y;yhjtu;fSf;F ifapy; cs;s Nuiffisf; nfhz;L gyd;

nrhy;yyhk;. ,k;Kiw 6000 tUlk; goikahdJ. ,ijtplr;
rhKj;jpupfh rhj;jpuk; vd;W nrhy;yg;gLfpd;w clypy; cs;s
kr;rf;fisf; nfhz;Lk; mjd; gyd;fis mwpayhk;.
jpUkzk; vd;wJk; rhjfj;ijg; ghu;j;j gpd;Ng epl;rapf;fg;gLfpwJ.

ifNuif> kr;rk;> vz;fs; %yKk; jpUkzg; nghUj;jk; ghu;f;fyhk;.
,it ahTk; 2000 tUlq;fshf eilKiwapy; cs;sd. cau;e;j
cj;jpNahfj;jpy; cs;s xU ngz;iz fy;tp fw;fhj xU Mltd;
tpUk;gpa NghJ juhjuk; ghu;j;J mts; kWj;jhs;. mtdJ rhjfj;jpy;
cxxxiii
Ju;];jhdk; vd;W nrhy;yg;gLfpd;w 6>8>12 Mk; tPLfspd; mjpgjpfs;
xd;W $ba ,Ue;jdu;.
,jdhy; mtDf;F tpguPj uh[Nahfk; cz;lhdJ. ,g;Ngh mtd;

NfhB];tud;. me;jg; ngz; taJ nrd;Wk; jpUkzkhfhJ
,Uf;fpwhs;. jw;Nghija ngz;fs; VjhtJ njhopypy; ,Ue;jhy; jhk;
gbj;jtu;fs; vd;w fu;tj;jpy; njhopy; ,y;yhjtu;fisAk; jdJ
njhopypYk; ghu;f;ff; Fiwe;j njhopy; nra;gtufisAk;
ntWf;fpd;wdu;. uh[Nahfk; cs;std; gbf;fhtpl;lhYk; murdhfp
tpLthd;. ,ij ahUk; czu;tjpy;iy. Mzpd; rhjf;jpy; nghUj;jk;
,Uf;fh vd;Wk; kl;Lk; ghuhJ mtd; gpw;fhyj;jpy; vt;thW tho;thd;
vd;gijAk; ghu;j;jy; Ntz;Lk;. ,ijf; ftdj;jpy; nfhs;shikahy;
jhd; gbj;j gy ngz;fs; Kjpu;fd;dpfshf ,Uf;fpd;wdu;. tpjpia
kjpahy; nty;yyhk;. mjw;Fr; Nrhjplj;jpy; toptif cz;L.
ifNuif> kr;rk;> vz;fs; gw;wpr; Nrhjpl E}y;fs; $wpatw;iw Ma;T
nra;fpNwd;. ,k;Kaw;rp ntw;wpaspj;jhy; mit E}YUthFk;.
nrt;tha; 1>7>8>2>4>12 ,y; ,Ue;jhy; Njh\k; cz;nld;W

nrhy;yg;gl;lNghJk; mjw;F gupfhuq;fs; $wg;gl;Ls;sd. mJNghy
Vida fpufq;fSk; gifahdhy; mg;gifia ePq;fg; gupfhuq;fs;
cz;L. mjdhy; rhjfu;fs; gag;glj;Njitapy;iy xd;gJ
fpufq;fis tplf;flTs; rf;jp cs;sjhd %isiag; gilj;Js;shu;.
mjdhy; fy;tpiaf; fw;W E}y;fs; gytw;iwg; gbj;J Nkk;glyhk;
vd;gJ rkaj;jpd; fUj;J. mjdhy; flTs; je;j mupa %isiag;
gad;gLj;jp tho;f;ifapy; ntw;wp ngWq;fs;.
cxxxiv
nghUj;jk; ghuhky; ahUk; jpUkzk; nra;tjpy;iy. nghUj;jk;
ghu;f;Fk; gyu; rhjfg; nghUj;jj;ij ghu;f;fpwhu;fs;> khg;gps;isapd;
cj;jpNahfj;ijg; ghu;f;fpwhu;fs;. kpFjpiag; ngUk;ghd;ikahdtu;fs;
ghu;g;gjpy;iy. xUtudpd; gpw;fhyk; vg;gb cs;sJ? mtu; FLk;gj;ij
ey;y Kiwapy; ftdpg;ghuh? gjtp cau;Tfs; ngWthuh? r%fj;Jld;
xj;Jg;Nghthuh vd;gijf; ftdpg;gjpy;iy. ,tw;iwf; ftdpj;jhy;
ngUk;ghyhd FLk;gq;fspy; Fog;gq;fs; ,uhJ.
“fhNrhjhd; flTslh..”> fhrpUe;jhy; Mirg;gl;l midj;ijAk;

thq;fyhk;> Njrk; Qhdk; fy;tp <rd; G+ir vy;yhk; fhRf;Fg;
gpd;dhNy.. vd;gJ rpdpkhg;ghly;. nghUs; ,y;yhjhUf;F ,t;Tyf
,d;gk; ,y;iy> jhd jUkk; nra;ahjhUf;F Nkhl;r ,d;gKk; ,y;iy
vd;gJ jpUf;Fws;. ,J ,e;J rkaq;fspd; nfhs;if. ngz;fisg;
nghWj;jtiu Mz;fspy; njhopNy Kd;dpiy ngWfpwJ.
fy;tpawpTs;s Xu; cau;e;j cj;jpNahfj;juhy; jdJ ngz;
gps;isfSf;F itj;jpau;> nghwpapayhsiu thq;fpf; nfhLf;f
KbahJ. Mdhy; fy;tpawptpy;yhj jdte;ju;fshy; mJ KbAk;.
mLj;J Nahfq;fisg; ghu;j;jy; Ntz;Lk;. Nahfq;fisg; gw;wp

vOjpAs;Nsd;. re;jpuDf;Ff; FU 8 my;yJ 12 ,y; ,Ue;jhy;
mr;rhjfu; rf;fuk; Nghyr; Rw;wpf;nfhz;bUg;ghu;. f\;lkhd gyd;fs;
NkNyhq;fpapUf;Fk;.
cxxxv
#upaDf;F 2,y; re;jpud; uhF> NfJf;fs; ,Uf;ff;$lhJ.
mJNghyr; #upaDf;F 12 ,y; re;jpud; uhF> NfJf;fs;
,Uf;ff;$lhJ. ,Ue;jhy; ,J tho;ehs; KOtJk; cioj;jhYk;
tWikiaf; nfhLf;Fk;.
re;jpuDf;F VNjDk; xU Nfe;jpuj;jpy; FU ,Ue;jhy; gzk;

FtpAk;. re;jpuDf;F 6>7>8 Mk; tPLfspy; Rgu;fs; FU> Gjd;> Rf;fpud;
Nru;e;Njh jdpj;jdpahfNth ,Ue;jhy; Nkyhd njhopy;> FLk;g kfpo;r;rp
ngUk; nrhj;J Mfpad ,Uf;Fk;. re;jpuDk; nrt;thAk; Nru;e;jpUe;jhy;
Ngu;> Gfo;> gzk;. nghUs;> fhzp> G+kp Nkyhd njhopy; vd;gd
fpilf;Fk;.
FU Ml;rp> my;yJ cr;rk; ngw;W yf;fzj;jpw;Nfh> re;jpuDf;Nfh

Nfe;jpuj;jpy; ,Ue;jhy; FLk; kfpo;r;rp> cau;thd gps;isfs;>
ngUe;njhopy;> Nfhbf;fzf;fhd nrhj;Jf;fs; fpilf;Fk;.
yf;fpdk; 7Mk; uhrpiaf; nfhz;Nl fsj;jpu gyidf; fzpj;jy;

Ntz;Lk;. fsj;jpufhud; Rf;fpudhthd; mtNdhL FU $bapUe;jhy;
mtd;Df;F cau;e;j ngz; fpilg;ghs;. Rf;fpuDld; nrt;tha;>
#upad; $bapUe;jhy; mtd; muridg; Nghy tho;thd;. re;jpuDk;>
rdpAk;> Rf;fpuNdhL $bapUe;jhy; jpUkzj;jpy; mtjhdk; Njit.
Vohk; ,uhrpapy; mts; G+g;Gnga;Jjy;> jhk;gj;jpa cwT>

fztdJ RfJf;fq;fspy; gq;Fnfhs;Sjy;> fztdplk;
cxxxvi
gw;Wf;nfhs;Sjy;> fu;g;gfhy tpahjpfs;> mjp\;lk;> Foe;ijfs;
Nghd;wtw;iw mwpe;J nfhs;syhk;.
vl;lhk; ,uhrpapy; fztdJ MAs;> fztdpd; njhopy;> gjtp

cau;Tfs;> nfsutq;fs;> kjpg;Gfs;> mjp\;lk;> fztdJ Neha;fs;>
kidtpiag; gpupjy; Nghd;wtw;iw mwpe;J nfhs;syhk;.
,uhF> NfJf;fspy; xUtu; Rf;fpuNdhL $bapUe;jhy; fhjypj;Jj;
jpUkzk; nra;af;$lhJ. kPwpr; nra;tjhy; ,drd tpNuhjk;> ngUk;
mtkhdk; cz;lhFk;. mj;Jld; NfJ> Rf;fpuNdhL Nru;e;J
fsj;jpu];jhdjpy; uhF ,Ue;jgy; mg; ngz; gy Mz;fSld;
njhlu;G nfhz;L gpd; mtu;fshy; iftplg;gl;Lg; igj;jpaf;fhup
Mths;.
FUTld; uhF>NfJ my;yJ rdp Nru;e;jpUe;jhy; ngUe;Jd;gq;fs;

cz;lhFk;. tpthfuj;J> fyfk;> xOf;fkpy;yhj gps;isfs; vd;gdNt
fpilf;Fk;. yf;fzKk; Vida fpufq;fSk; uhF NfJf;fSf;F
kj;jpapy; ,Ue;jhy; ngUe;Jd;gq;fs; cz;lhFk;. rl;bapy; ,Ue;jhy;
jhd; mfg;igapy; tUk;. mJNghy Nahfq;fs; ,Ue;jhy; jhd;
trjpahd tho;T mikAk;.
kidtpahdts; jplfhj;jpukhd cliy cilatshfTk;>

ew;Fzq;fs; cilatshfTk;> fztdpd; rNfhjuu;fs;> ngw;Nwhu;.
cwtpdu;fis kjpj;J elf;ff;$batshfTk;> fpufNjh\k;>
gpjpu;Njh\k; ,y;yhjtshfTk;> Neha; ,y;yhjtshfTk;> Gj;jpu
ghf;fpak; cs;stshfTk; ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. ,jw;fhfj;jhd;
cxxxvii
nghUj;jk; ghu;f;fg;gLfpwJ. gz;ilf; fhyj;jpy; rhjfg;
nghUj;jq;fshf gd;dpuz;L nghUj;jq;fisAk;> r%f
nghUj;jq;fshf gd;dpuz;L nghUj;jq;fisAk;> FLk;gg;
nghUj;jq;fshf gd;dpuz;L nghUj;jq;fisAk; ghu;j;jdu; ,jd;gb
Kg;gj;jhW nghUj;jq;fs; ghu;f;fg;gl;ld. ,it ahTk; tudpdJk;>
ngz;zpdJk; rhjfj;ijf; nfhz;Nl fzpf;fg;gl;ld.
nghUshjhuk; tsu;e;j gpd; gd;dpuz;L nghUj;jq;fspy; Ie;J
nghUe;jpdhy; NghJk; vd;w epiyAk;> jhypg; nghUj;jk; ,y;yh
tpl;lhy;> „mk;kd; jhyp‟ fl;lyhk; vd;W KbntLg;gJk;>
nghUshjhuj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;lNj.
ejpfs;> el;rj;jpuq;fs;> gwitfs;> nrb> nfhbfs; Mfpatw;wpd;

ngau;fisg; ngz;fSf;F itf;f $lhJ. jpUkzj;ij KbT
nra;Ak; NghJ ,UtuJ rhjfj;jpd; Vohk; ghtj;ijf; nfhz;Nl
KbntLf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.
fs];j;jpu jhdj;jpw;F ,uz;lhk; ,uhrp ehjd; ,uhF>
nrt;thNahL $bapUe;jhy; mlq;fhj kidtp mikths;.
Vohk; ,uhrpapy; Rf;fpud; ,Ue;J mtDld; Rgf;fpufq;fs;

Nru;e;J> ghtpfs; ghu;f;fhjpUe;jhy; jpUkfisg; Nghd;w kidtp
mikths;.
Kjyhk;> Vohk; ,uhrpfspd; mjpgjpfs; $bg;

ghtf;fpufq;fspy; 6>8>12Mk; ,uhrpfspy; epd;why; jpUkzk;
eilngwhJ. ,g;gbahfg; gytw;iwf; $wyhk;.
cxxxviii
Vohkplkhd fs];jpujhdj;ijg; ngupjhf ahUk;
ghu;g;gjpy;iy.
,g;gbg;gy gpur;rpidfisr; rhjfq;fspy; cz;L.

ngUk;ghyhd rhjfq;fs; nghUj;jKiladthf ,Uf;Fk;. kj;jpkkhd
nghUj;jq;fisg; nghUj;jnkd;Wk;> nghUe;jhj rhjfq;fs; 45-50
tPjk; nghUj;jkhdit vd;Wk;> Nrhjplu;fs; $wr; rk;ge;jg;gl;Nlhu;
njhopy;> gzk; Kjypatw;wpw;fhfj; jpUkzk; nra;fpd;wdu;. Mdhy;
FLk;gk; my;Nyhyfy;Nyhyg;gLk;. gzk;>moF> njhopy; vd;gtw;iwg;
ghu;g;gij tpl vjpu;fhyj;ijg; ghu;g;gJ jhd; rpwg;ghdJ.
gQ;rg;guNjrpahf ,Ue;j xU ngz; tudpd; rhjfNahfq;fshy;
NfhB];tupahtJk; cz;L. NfhB];tuu;fs; Nrhw;wpw;F topapy;yhky;
,Ug;gJk; cz;L. xU rpWnjhopypy; cs;std; NkyjpfhupahtJk;
cz;L. Nkyjpfhupah ,Ug;gd; njhopy; ,y;yhkw; NghtJk; cz;L.
,jw;Ff; fhuzk; Nahfq;fs; jhd;. njhopy;> gzk; moifg; ghu;g;gJ
Nghy rhjfu;fspd; vjpu;fhyg; gad;fisAk; fzpj;jgpd;Ng jpUkzk;
nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;. vdf;Fj; njupe;j fy;tpawpTk;. nghUSk; ,y;yhj
xUtu; mNj khjpupahf trjp Fiwe;j ngz;izj; jpUkzk; nra;jhu;.
Nahffhupahd mtspd; rhjf gyd;fshy; ngUk; NfhB];tuuhdhu;.
mtupd; %d;W kfs;fSk; %d;W itj;jpau;fisj; jpUkzk;
nra;jdu;.
tho;f;if vd;gJ gzk;> nghUs;> moF> njhopy; vd;gtw;wpy;

,y;;iy. mJ rhjfj;jpy; cs;s Nahfq;fspy; jhd; jq;fpAs;sJ.
cxxxix
Ju;];jhdk; vd;W nrhy;yg;gLk; 6>8>12 ,d; mjpgjpfs; xd;W
$bNah my;yJ jdpj;jdpahfNth 6>8>12 Mk; tPLfspy; ,Ue;jhy;
guk Vioahf ,Ue;jhYk; jpBnud;W NfhB];tudhthd;. ,J
cz;ikapy; ele;jJ. vdf;Fj; njupe;j xUtUf;Fr; rhjfj;jpy; ,g;gb
,Ue;jJ. mtUf;F Cupy; ngz; nfhLg;ghupy;iy. mt;tsT tWik.
njhopy; nra;ar; nrd;w ,lj;jpy; jd;dpYk; tWikg;gl;l ngz;izf;
fhjypj;J mioj;J te;J tpl;lhu;. Cutu; vtUk; mg;ngz;izg;
ghu;ff;$lr; nry;tpy;iy. %d;W tUlq;fspy; mtu; NfhB];tuu;
Mfptpl;lhu;. ,d;W mtu;jhd; Cupy; ngUk; gzf;fhuu;. mtupd;
Ie;J gps;isfSk; ngUk; cj;jpNahfk; ghu;f;fpwhu;fs;.
,tw;wpw;nfy;yhk; fhuzk; rhjfj;jpy; cs;s Nahfq;fs; jhd;.
Nahfq;fs; 300 ,w;F NkYz;L. ey;y fpufq;fs; ey;y ,lj;jpYk;>
Ju;f;fpufq;fs; nghUj;jkhd ,lq;fspYk; ,Ug;gij Nahfk;
vd;ghu;fs;. ,ijf; ftdpj;jhy; jhd; ey;y gad;fisg; ngwyhk;. gy
rhjfq;fs; Nahfk; fhuzkhfj; jhNk Nru;fpd;wd. gzk;> nghUs;>
moF> njhopy; vd;gtw;wpw;fhf type;J nghUj;jg;gLk; rhjfq;fshy;
rhjfu;fSf;F ve;ehSk; Jd;gq;fs; jhd; NkNyhq;Fk;. ,ijj;
jpUkzk; nra;ag;NghFk; MZk;> ngz;Zk;> ,UtPl;lhu;fSk;
czuy; Ntz;Lk;. fhjypg;gtu;fs; nghUj;jk; ghu;g;gjpy;iy. Mdhy;
fhjypg;gtu;fspy; 90 tPjkhdtu;fspd; rhjfk; nghUe;jp ,Uf;Fk;. tpjp
vd;gJ ,U JUtq;fshf ,Uf;Fk; ,U cs;sq;fisr; Nru;j;J
itg;gJ> ,d;gkhd> Jd;gkhd jd;ikfisj; jUtJ. xUtu;
tpjpapd; njhlu;gpy;yhJ ,d;ndhUtUld; el;Gf;$lf; nfhs;s
KbahJ. fhjy; tpjpfhuzkhf te;J Nru;fpwJ. Ngrg;gLk;
cxl
jpUkzq;fs; tpjpapd;gb te;jhYk; mij %isiag; ghtpj;J
rhjfj;jpy; cs;s Nahfq;fisf; fzpj;j gpd;G jpUkzk; nra;ayhk;.
Mdhy; gzk; nghUs;> moF>njhopy; vd;gd mtw;iwnay;yhk;
kiwj;J tpLfpd;wd. Nahfq;fs; cs;stu;fSf;F nra;Ak; Kaw;rpfs;
ahTk; ntw;wpiaf; nfhLf;fpd;wd.mjp\;lj;ijf; nfhLf;fpd;wd.
Nahfkpy;yhj -tu;fSf;Fr; nra;Ak; Kaw;rpfs; Njhy;tpiaj;
jUfpd;wd. mjdhy; jhd; rpyu; tpahghuj;jpy; ngUk; gzk;
rk;ghjpf;fpd;wdu;. gjtp cau;Tfs; ngWfpd;wdu;. gyu;
el;lkilfpd;wdu;. gjtp cau;Tfs; ngwhJ epakdk; ngw;wgbNa
Xa;T ngWfpd;wdu;. xNu fy;tpia xNu gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy; ngw;w
itj;jpau;fs; vy;NyhUk; epGzj;Jtk; ngWtjpy;iy. ,tw;iwr;
rhjfj;ijg; ghu;j;J mwpe;J nfhs;syhk;.
,d;gKk;> Jd;gKk;> Nkhl;rKk; eufKk; G+kpapy; jhd; cz;L.

xt;nthUtUk; thOk; tPl;bNyNa ,d;g Jd;gq;fis
mDgtpf;fpd;wdu;. ghtg;gl;l Md;kh ghtg;gl;l FLk;gj;jpy; gpwe;J
ngUe;Jd;gq;fis mDgtpf;fpwJ. Gz;zpak; nra;j Md;kh
Gz;zpak; nra;jtu;fsJ FLk;gj;jpy; gpwe;J ngUk; ,d;gq;fis
mDgtpf;fpwJ. vLj;j gpwg;gpy; Gz;zpak; nra;j Md;kh nra;j
Nritfisj; njhlu;e;J nra;a ,iwtd; mDf;fpufk; nra;J ey;y
gpwtpia toq;Ffpwhu; vd;W gftj;fPij nrhy;fpwJ. fPij> gfthd;
fpU\;zuhy; mupr;RdDf;F cgNjrpf;fg;gl;lJ. mJ cz;ikahd
nja;tPf E}y; vd;W ,e;Jf;fs; ,g;NghJk; ek;Gfpd;wdu;. ,J gw;wp
tpupthf> “,d;gj;ij ms;spj;jUk; ,e;Jkjk;” vd;w E}ypy;
cxli
vOjpAs;Nsd;. rkaKk; NrhjplKk; xU ehzaj;jpd; ,U gf;fq;fs;.
mjdhy; rkak; $Wk; topfisg; gpd;gw;wp vd;Wk; ,d;gk; ngwyhk;.
flTspd; gzp> Xu; Md;khit mJ nra;j Gz;zpa

ghtq;fSf;Nfw;w fUg;igiar; nrd;wila top tFj;jNy jtpu
mjw;F ,d;gJd;gq;fisf; nfhLg;gjy;y vd;W irt rpj;jhe;jk;
$WfpwJ. mjdhy; G+kpapy; ey;y Kiwapy; tho;gtu;fs; ey;y
FLk;gj;ij mile;J rfy nrsghf;fpaq;fSk; ngWthu;fs;. vdNt
xOf;fkhd Kiwapy; tho;e;jhy; mLj;j gpwtp rpwf;Fk;. ,ijtplf;
flTs; gf;jpAs;stu;fs;> flTspd; mUshy; vd;Wk; ed;ikfisg;
ngWgtu;. jPa gyidf; nfhLf;Fk; ];jhdq;fspy; jPa fpufq;fs;
,Ue;jhYk; mtu;fspd; ,Ug;G> Nru;f;ifiag; nghWj;J mtu;fs;
ngUk; ed;ikfisr; nra;tu;. ,J rhjfj;jpy; fpufq;fspd; ,Ug;igf;
nfhz;Nl fzpf;f KbAk;.
epiwthf tpjpiag; gw;wpg;Guhz ,jpfhrq;fs;> Guhjd E}y;fs;

$Wtd kpfTk; tprpj;jpukhdit.ghujf; fijapy; fpU\;zUila
FUtpd; kfidf; flyurd; nfhd;W tpl;lhd;.mtid kPl;ff;
fpU\;zu; fly; muridg; NghUf;F miof;fpwhu;. flyurd; te;J
eL eLq;fpagb> “gpuG> cq;fs; FUtpd; kfid ehd; nfhy;ytpy;iy
ghQ;rhyd; jhd; nfhd;whd;” vd;whd;. mijf; Nfl;L mstpy;yhj
rpdk; nfhz;l fpU\;zu; NfhghNtrj;Jld; ghQ;rh>idg; NghUf;F
miof;fpwhu;. mtd; gf;jpAld; te;J tzq;fp> “gpuG> ehd; jq;fsJ
ifapy; ,Uf;Fk; ghQ;rhyk; vd;w rq;F. mr;rq;if cq;fs; FUtpd;
cxlii
ike;jd; VsdQ; nra;jikahy; nfhd;Nwd;” vd;whu;. mjdhy;
kfpo;e;j fpU\;zu; mtidr; rq;if khw;wpr; rhgtpNkhrdk; mspj;J
Vw;Wj; jdJ fuj;jpy; itj;Jf; nfhz;L akNyhfk; nrd;whu;. akd;
jhd; nfhd;wtu;fisj; jpUg;gpf; nfhLg;gjpy;iy. mJ KiwAk; my;y>
cyf tof;Fky;y mjdhy; nry;Yq;fs; vd;W ,uf;fpwhd;. fpU\;zu;
jhd; mtdJ rhjfr; Rtbiag; ghu;f;f Ntz;Lnkd;whu;. mijr;
re;jpuFg;jd; vLj;Jf; nfhLf;fpwhd;. mJ vOjg;glhj gf;fkhf
,Uf;fpwJ. mJ fpU\;zupd; jpUtpisahly; vd;W Gupe;J nfhz;l
akd; gpur;rpidg;glhJ fpU\;zdJ FUtpd; kfid tUtpj;Jf;
nfhLf;fpwhd;. mg;NghJ ehuju; mt;tplk; te;J @ “gpuG>
flTshYk; tpjpKiwfisg; gpd;gw;w Ntz;Lk;. tpjpia khw;whjPu;fs;”
vd;whu;. mjw;Fr; rpupj;j fpU\;zu;> “ehujNu> tpjpia ehd;
khw;wtpy;iy tpjpg;gb mtd; ,we;jhd;. vdJ mDf;fpufj;jhy; mtd;
capu; ngw;whd;.mJ jhd; tpjp” vd;whu;. ehujuhy; vJTk;
NgrKbatpy;iy. ,J jhd; rq;ffhyk; njhlf;fk; ,d;W tiu
elf;fpwJ. gjtpfs;> gl;lq;fs; tpUJfs; ahTk; Nkyjpfhupfspd;
ifahl;fSf;Nf nfhLf;fg;gLfpd;wd. mijg; ghjpf;fg;gl;Nlhu;
tpjpnad;W ek;gp jpUg;jpg;gLfpd;wdu;. gl;lq;fs;> gjtpfs;> tpUJfs;
ahtw;iwAk; jkf;F Ntz;batu;fSf;F toq;fp tpl;L> “fy;tp
kpfTk; juk; Fiwe;J tpl;lJ” vd;W ftiy ntspapLtJk; tpjpjhd;.
,J jhd; eilKiw. Vw;Wj;jhNd MfNtz;Lk;.
cxliii
Njh\q;fSk; gupfhuq;fSk;
jw;nghOJ gy;NtW fhuzq;fSf;fhfg; nghUj;jq;fs; Kiwahfg;

ghu;f;fg;gLtjpy;iy. ,jdhy; Njh\q;fs; Vw;gLk;. ,jw;Fg;
gupfhuq;fs; ,Ue;jNghjpYk; mit G+uzkhd gyidj; jUk;
vd;wpy;iy. Mz;> ngz; rhjfq;fspy; xd;wpNyh> my;yJ
,uz;bYNkh #upaDk;> re;jpuDk; Nru;e;J kiwtplq;fshd 6>8>12
Mk; ,uhrpfspy; ,Ue;jhYk;> my;yJ me;j ,uhrpfisg; ghu;j;jhYk;
my;yJ me;j ,uhrpfs; Mz; ,uhrpahf ,Ue;jhYk;> Njh\k;
Vw;gLk;. FLk;gj;jpy; epk;kjp FiwT> jhk;gj;jpa cwtpy; jpUg;jpapd;ik>
Gj;jpughf;fpakpd;ik vd;gd cz;lhFk;. ,tu;fspd; re;jpu uhrpfs;
,ul;ilg;gil> (ngz;) ,uhrpfspy; ,Ue;jhy; gupfhuk; nra;ayhk;.
,J gpjpu;Njh\khFk;. gpjpu;fSf;F G+ir md;djhdk; nra;jy;> Fy
nja;topghl;bd; %yk; ,j;Njh\j;ij ePf;fyhk;. gpNujr; rhgj;jhYk;
,j;Njh\k; Vw;gLk;.
FU> re;jpud;> Rf;fpud;> ,uhF Mfpa fpufq;fshy; Njhrk;
cz;lhFk;. ,j;Njhrq;fisj; Nrhjplu;fisf; nfhz;L fzpg;gpj;J
jpUkzj;jpw;F Kd;gjhf Njhr gupfhuq;fs; nra;ag;glNtz;Lk;.
FUthy; jpUkzk; jilg;gl;lhy; Uf;kzp fy;ahzk;>

ghkhtp[ak;> rPjh fy;ahzk;> tp];Z Njhj;jpuk; Kjypatw;iwg;
gbj;jhy; ,j;Njh\k; ePq;Fk;.
Rf;fpudhy; jpUkzk; jilg;gLkhdhy; yl;Rkp G+ir> Ntg;gku

G+ir> Gz;zpa jPu;j;jq;fspy; ePuhly;> ngsu;zkp jpdj;jpy;
cxliv
rj;jpaehuha G+ir nra;J %d;W mbatu;fSf;F cztspj;jy;
Ntz;Lk;. mj;Jld; jpUtpsf;Fg; G+ir> yypjhk;gpif G+ir> yypjh
rf];u ehkk; gbg;gjd; %yk; Njh\k; ePq;Fk;.
,uhF>NfJf;fshy; jpUkzk; jilg;gl;lhy;> nrt;tha;f; fpoik>

jpUthjpiu el;rj;jpukd;W Njtp G+ir> ru;g;g G+ir nra;jhy;
,j;Njh\k; ePq;Fk;.
,ijtpl xt;nthUtUk; gpwe;j el;rj;jpuj;jpdhYk; Njh\k;

Vw;glyhk;. ,J fpufNjh\j;ij tplf; nfhbaJ. mr;Rtpdp> kfk;>
%y el;rj;jpuj;jpy; gpwe;jtu;fSf;F jpUkzj; jil Vw;gl;lhy; fNzr
ftrk; gbj;J> fzgjp N`hkk; nra;J Nkhjfk;> mty;> ru;f;fiur;
rhjk; gilj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
guzp> G+uk;> G+uhlk; el;rj;jpuj;jpy; gpwe;jtu;fSf;F el;rj;jpu

Njh\k; cz;lhdhy; ,yl;Rkp> eurpk;kUf;F mgpNrfk; nra;J>
Uf;kzp fy;ahzk;> guhazk; Nfl;L> Fq;Fkg; G+tpy; ghy; fye;J
fha;r;rp fpU\;zUf;Fg; gilj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
jpUthjpiu> Rthjp> rjael;rj;jpuj;jpy; gpwe;jtu;fSf;F

,uhFtpdhy; jpUkzj; jil Vw;gl;lhy; ,uh[uhN[];tup>
GtNd];tup mk;kDf;F rptg;G Gilit> gpr;rpg;G+ rku;g;gpj;J mu;r;rid
nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;. mj;Jld; Viof; fd;dpg; ngz;fSf;Fr; Nriy
jhdk; nra;J> cOj;jk; khtpdhy; Nfhykpl;L mk;ghisf;
fu;g;G+uj;jhy; mu;r;rpj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
cxlv
,tw;NwhL Ju;f;iff;F vYkpr;rk;go khiy mzptpj;jy;>
Qhapw;Wf;fpoikfspy; tpehafUf;F nts;nsUf;fk;G+ khiy
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Astrology Se 2

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Astrology Se 2

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i

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17.06.2031 Mk; Mz;L tiu Gjd; jir eilngWk;. ,e;jg;

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