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ABSTRACT
There are more motorized vehicles in Indonesia in line with the increasing demand for fuel.
This development will have a negative impact, environmental pollution so MTBE is a
substances with a lower risk and environmentally friendly are chosen. The target market of
this factory is to meet the need for MTBE in Indonesia and to export it to the Asia Pacific
region. MTBE production process is carried out by reacting methanol with isobuten with a
capacity is 280,000 tons/year. The MTBE reactor serves as a place for reacting methanol
and isobuten to produce MTBE. The reactor is fixed bed multi tube type which has 109
tubes with Torisperical flanged dished head. Reactor operating temperature is 60ºC,
pressure is 6 bar and using Amberlyst 15 as catalyst. The height of the reactor is 26.3 ft and
diameter is 4.5 ft. The reaction is exothermic, so the principle of the reactor is like a shell
and tube heat exchanger with cooling water flow of 1,070,054 lb/hour. The value of Fixed
Capital Investment is $ 39,009,534. The value of the Working Capital Investment is
obtained 15% of the Total Capital Investment (TCI) or worth $ 6,884,035 so that the TCI is
$ 45,893,569. The total production cost is $ 349,777,652 so that it will generate a gross
profit as $ 220,011,513 after deducting 35% tax. ROI after tax is 88%, BEP is 50% and Pay
out time for 1 year with a Shut Down Point is 0.23%. This factory has an IRR that is
22.76% which is greater than the RRR of a bank which is 22.55%, then the value of NPV is
$ 90,140,564 which is greater than the TCI. From these two factors, it can be concluded
that the MTBE plant is feasible to build.
Keyword: Isobutene, Methanol, methyl tert butyl ether, reactor fixed bed multi tube
1. PENDAHULUAN
Pemakaian kendaraan bermotor di bilangan oktan yaitu adalah TEL dan
Indonesia semakin banyak seiring dengan MTBE.
perkembangan dan perubahan zaman TEL mengandung timbal yang dapat
sehingga kebutuhan akan bahan bakar menyebabkan pencemaran udara dan
mengalami peningkatan. Perkembangan berdampak negatif terhadap kesehatan
ini akan membawa dampak negatif yakni manusia sehingga diganti oleh MTBE
pencemaran lingkungan yang disebabkan dengan resiko lebih rendah dan ramah
karena pembakaran pada mesin motor lingkungan. MTBE selain berfungsi
tidak berlangsung secara sempurna, sebagai zat aditif juga dapat digunakan
sehingga mendorong pengembangan zat sebagai pelarut, anti knock pada motor dan
aditif yang dapat meningkatkan nilai lain-lain (Trevale dkk, 1985).
1 54 in OD = 54 in
Diameter Plat Penutup 28,75 in 2,3958 ft
1a 5.174 in Diameter Bolt Circle (DB) 26,25 in 2,1875 ft
OA = 13.8 in
2 4.5 in
b = 9.688 in
Penyangga Tumpukan Katalisator
3 A
11
0.625 in ID = 52.75 in Jenis Penyangga Katalisator Perforated Plate
3 5
6 C
Luas Perforated Plate 410,15 in2 2,85 ft2
12.75 in
2a DETAIL - 3
4 Tebal Plate 0,1875 in 0,0156 ft
Tebal Pemegang Pipa 0,5 in 0,042 in
14.39 in
4
9
301.8 in
0.5 in
Sistem Penyangga Reaktor
5
7
Jenis Penyangga Lug Support dengan tipe Beam
Tinggi Penyangga 236,55 in 19,7 ft
12.75
12.75in
8 2b DISHED HEAD
Kedalaman Beam 10 in 0,83 ft
in
6
TAMPAK ATAS
Keterangan
Lebar Flange 4,944 in 0,412 ft
7 1a
1b
Nozzle Umpan Masuk
Nozzle Produk Keluar
Web Thickness 0,594 in 0,0495 ft
2a Nozzle Pendingin Masuk
2b
3
Nozzle Pendingin Keluar
Dished Head
Ketebalan Flange 0,491 in 0,0409 ft
8 1b 4 Shell
5 Tube Area of Section 10,22 in2 0,071 ft2
59 in 6 Pemegang Pipa
7
8
Penampang Pipa
Manhole
Berat/ft 15,88 kg/ft 35 lb/ft
9 10 9 Pengelasan
10
11
Base Plate
Flange
Beban Maks per Bolt 3894,7 kg 8586,32 lb
DETAIL OF MTBE REACTOR (R-101)
Luas Lubang Bolt 0,7155 in2 0,005 ft2
10
UNIVERSITY OF RIAU
DWG BY Monica Kartiningtyas Pranoto 22/07/2020
Ketebalan Plate 1,25 in 0,1042 ft
11 CHECKED BY Dr. Said Zul Amraini, ST, MT. Ketebalan Gusset 0,46875 in 0,039063 ft
Beban Base Plate 15891,7 kg 35035,25 lb
Gambar 4.1 Desain Reaktor MTBE Area Base Plate 70,513 in2 0,5 ft2
Tebal Base Plate 0,6 in 0,05 ft
Aksesoris reaktor terdiri dari flange, Jumlah Lug 4
nozzle, manhole, perforated plate dan Jumlah Beam 4
penyangga. Berikut ini adalah spesifikasi Pondasi
dari aksesoris reaktor MTBE. Tinggi Pondasi 20 in 1,67 ft
Volume Pondasi 53.035,3in3 30,69 ft3
Tabel 4.2 Spesifikasi Aksesoris Reaktor Berat Total yang 80.142,054 176.713,2294
Diterima Oleh Tanah Kg lb
MTBE Tegangan Tanah 3,96 8.734,65 lb/ft2
Flange Pada Sambungan Head Dengan Shell Karena Beban Ton/ft2
Jenis Flange Integral Type Flanges
Material Flange Carbon Steel SA 240 Grade C Rancangan dari aksesoris reaktor
Tegangan dari Material 18750 psi MTBE dapat dilihat pada gambar 4.2
Flange
Diameter Luar Flange (A) 57,73 in 4,8 ft berikut ini.
Diameter Dalam Flange (B) 54 in 4,5 ft a b c d e f g h i j
DETAIL - 2 DETAIL - 1
Jumlah Bolt 52 buah 5
in
9
60°
3.9552 in
3 in
Nozzle Masuk Umpan 4 in
2,076 in
1,25 in
5 in
6 in
60° 60°
C B 20 in
24,5 in
Nozzle Masuk Pendingin 6 in 7 DETAIL - 5
3 in DETAIL - 8
1 in
Nozzle Keluaran Produk 4 in DETAIL - 10
A = 10.25 in
l = 6 in 1.375 in
Nozzle Keluar Pendingin 6 in 8
1.25 in
h = 20 in
h = 20 in
tg = 0.5 in Beam
Manhole 0.1875 in
b = 9.25 in
9 DETAIL – 7
Ukuran Manhole 20 in 1,67 ft PENAMPANG TUBE a = 2.972 in
DETAIL - 9
2.25 in Katalis
5. PENUTUP
5.1 Kesimpulan
Berdasarkan kebutuhan MTBE di
Indonesia, kapasitas pabrik yang akan
dibangun sebesar 280,000 ton/pertahun
yang berlokasi di daerah Bukit Batu,
Kecamatan Bukit Batu, Kabupaten
Gambar 4.4 Break Even Point (BEP) Bengkalis, Provinsi Riau. Reaktor MTBE
yang dipakai berjenis fixed bed multi tube
4.3.5 Analisis Sensitivitas
dengan tinggi 26,3 ft dan berdiameter
Analisa sensitivitas berfungsi untuk
sebesar 4,5 ft. Pabrik ini memiliki IRR
mengetahui besarnya pengaruh
sebesar 22,76% dimana lebih besar dari
pengambilan keputusan terhadap
RRR bank yaitu 22,55% kemudian nilai
pendapatan. Sensitivitas dibuat dengan
NPV sebesar $90,140,564 dimana lebih
memplotkan hubungan garis antara bahan
besar dibandingkan dengan TCI. Dari
baku, gaji karyawan kapasitas produksi
kedua faktor tersebut dapat disimpulkan
dan harga produk terhadap Internal Rate of
bahwa pabrik MTBE layak dibangun.
Retrun (IRR) pada masing-masing
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Brownell, L. E. dan E. H. Young, 1959,
Process Equipment Design, John
Wiley & Sons Inc, USA.
Badan Pusat Statistik, 2019, Statistik
Indonesia Tahun 2019, Badan Pusat
Statistik, Jakarta Pusat.
Coulson, J. M. dan J. F. Richardson, 2005,
Chemical Engineering Design, 4th
Edition, Oxford, Butterworth
Heinemann.
Geankoplis, C. J., 1993, Transport
Processes and Unit Operation, 3rd
ed, Pretience-Hall International, New
Jersey.
Hamid, H. dan M. A. Ali, 2010, Handbook
of MTBE and other gasoline
oxygenates, Research Institute King
Fahd University of Petrolium and
Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.
Peters, M. S., K. D. Timmerhouse, dan R.
E. West, 2003, Plant Design and
Economic for Che,ical Engineering.
Mc Graw Hill Book Co, New York.
Trevale, G., G. V. Molise, G. Fausto, dan
Buzi, 1985, Process for
Deseparation of Methyl Tert Butyl
Ether from Reaction Mixture
Containing it, US Patent 0078422A1.