SUBJECT

DIGITAL SIGNAL
PROCESSING (DSP)
LAB

Lab Report#03

Submitted By:

MUHAMMAD TALHA (UET-02)

ABDUL HASEEB ZULFIQAR (UET-18)
ZAIN UL ABIDEEN (UET-50)

Class: B.sc EE (18)

Submitted to:

Engr. Mazahir Hussain

Dated:

20/10/2021
Lab Title:

PROPERTIES OF DISCRETE TIME SYSTEMS

Objectives:
In this lab we will study the output response of linear time invariant(LTI) system using
MATLAB and how to use MATLAB to implement the convolution sum. You will also
investigate the properties of LTI system. The objectives of this lab are:

1) To study how to compute the output of LTI systems

2) To study the properties of discrete time LTI systems

Software:
 MATLAB 2013

Introduction:
A linear time-invariant system (LTI system) is a system that produces an output signal from
any input signal subject to the constraints of linearity and time-invariance; these terms are
briefly defined below. These properties apply (exactly or approximately) to many important
physical systems, in which case the response y(t) of the system to an arbitrary input x(t) can
be found directly using convolution: y(t) = x(t) ∗ h(t) where h(t) is called the system's impulse
response and ∗ represents convolution (not to be confused with multiplication, as is
frequently employed by the symbol in computer languages).

Linear time-invariant system theory is also used in image processing, where the systems have
spatial dimensions instead of, or in addition to, a temporal dimension. These systems may be
referred to as linear translation-invariant to give the terminology the most general reach. In
the case of generic discrete-time (i.e., sampled) systems, linear shift-invariant is the
corresponding

In this section, you will learn how to use the MATLAB function conv to compute the
output of LTI systems. The MATLAB function conv computes the convolution sum.
Assuming that x[n] and h[n] are finite-length sequences. If x[n] is nonzero on the interval
nx ≤ n ≤ nx+Nx-1 and h[n] is nonzero only on the interval n h ≤ n ≤ nh+Nh-1, then y[n] can
be nonzero only on the interval

(nx +nh) ≤ n ≤ (nx + nh )+ Nx +Nh-2

This means that conv need only compute y[n] for the N x+Nh-1samples on this interval. If
x is an Nx-dimensional vector containing x[n] on the interval n x ≤ n ≤ nx+Nx-1 and h is an
Nh-dimensional vector containing h[n] on the interval n h ≤n ≤ nh+Nh-1,then y = conv(h, x)
returns in y the Nx+Nh-1samples of y[n] on the interval in (5). However, conv does not

return the indices of samples of y[n] stored in y, which makes sense because the intervals
of x and h are not input to conv.

For computing the y[n]= x[n] * x[n] using convolution and plotting we will write
For computing y1[n]=x[n]*h1[n] using convolution for the sequence

h1[n]=2δ[n+1]- 2δ[n-1]

x[n]= δ[n]+δ[n-2]
For computing y2[n]=x[n]*h2[n] using convolution for the sequence where h2[n]= h1[n+5]

So the sequence will be:

h1[n]=2δ[n+1]- 2δ[n-1]

h2[n]= h1[n+5]=2δ[n+6]- 2δ[n-4]

x[n]= δ[n]+δ[n-2]
 Properties of Discrete-Time LTI Systems
In this section, you will verify the commutative, associative and distributive properties of
convolution for a specific set of signals. In addition, you will examine the implications of
these properties for series and parallel connections of LTI systems.
 (a) Consider the following three signals:
1 , n=0 2 , n=1

{ 0 ,otherwise
{ −1, n=1

1 , n=4
0 , otherwise
{ 5 , n=2
x [ n ] = 1 ,0 ≤ n ≤ 4 ,h 1 [ n ] = 3 ,n=2 , h2 [n]= 4 , n=3
−1 , n=4
0 ,otherwise

Define the MATLAB vector x to represent x[n] on the interval 0 ≤ n ≤ 9, and the vectors h1
and h2 to represent h1 [ n ] and h2 [n] for 0 ≤ n ≤ 4 Also define nx to be an appropriate index
vector for x[n] and nh for hi[n] and he[n]. Make appropriately labeled plots of all the signals
using stem.

Commutative property
It states that the result of a convolution is the same regardless of the order of the operands,
i.e.

y[n]=x[n]*h[n]=h[n]*x[n]
 Distributive Property

Convolution is also distributive. This means that

y[n]=x[n]*(h1[n]+h2[n])= =x[n]*h1[n]+x[n]*h2[n]

This implies that the output of two LTI systems connected in parallel is the same as one
system whose impulse response is the sum of the impulse responses of the parallel systems
 Associative Property
Convolution also possesses the associative property, i.e.

y[n]=(x[n]*h1[n])*h2[n]= x[n]*(h1[n]*h2[n])

This property implies that the result of processing a signal with a series of LTI systems is
equivalent to processing the signal with a single LTI system whose impulse response is the
convolution of all the individual impulse responses of the connected systems.
 Conclusion:
In this lab we studied how to compute the out of the LTI system using MATLAB. We also
learn about the properties( commutative , distributive , associative) of the discrete time LTI
system and their implementation on MATLAB.