a.

 USING XBAR CHART:

    Observations n    
Sample k   1 2 3 4 5 x́ R
1 9:00 AM 5.53 5.502 5.519 5.492 5.508 5.5102 0.038
2 10:00 AM 5.495 5.492 5.501 5.511 5.504 5.5006 0.019
3 11:00 AM 5.488 5.524 5.521 5.505 5.502 5.508 0.036
4 12:00 PM 5.502 5.496 5.493 5.515 5.509 5.503 0.022
5 1:00 PM 5.492 5.507 5.515 5.489 5.514 5.5034 0.026
6 2:00 PM 5.509 5.494 5.497 5.485 5.493 5.4956 0.024
7 3:00 PM 5.495 5.506 5.494 5.5 5.505 5.5 0.012
8 4:00 PM 5.485 5.503 5.493 5.515 5.488 5.4968 0.03
9 5:00 PM 5.508 5.495 5.509 5.509 5.505 5.5052 0.014
10 6:00 PM 5.498 5.5 5.49 5.507 5.495 5.498 0.017
11 7:00 PM 5.494 5.498 5.494 5.497 5.49 5.4946 0.008
12 8:00 PM 5.504 5.5 5.507 5.5 5.496 5.5014 0.011
13 9:00 PM 5.483 5.502 5.498 5.497 5.512 5.4984 0.029
14 10:00 PM 5.506 5.467 5.494 5.5 5.484 5.4902 0.039
15 11:00 PM 5.512 5.514 5.498 5.499 5.507 5.506 0.016
16 12:00 AM 5.5 5.484 5.505 5.498 5.496 5.4966 0.021
17 1:00 AM 5.494 5.512 5.486 5.505 5.507 5.5008 0.026
18 2:00 AM 5.506 5.51 5.518 5.503 5.5 5.5074 0.018
19 3:00 AM 5.484 5.502 5.503 5.505 5.497 5.4982 0.021
20 4:00 AM 5.5 5.51 5.513 5.52 5.503 5.5092 0.02
110.0236 0.447

Ŕ is computed by first determining the range for each sample by computing the difference
between the highest and lowest values as shown in the last column in our table of sample
observations. These ranges are summed and then divided by the number of samples, k, as
follows:

Ŕ=
∑ R = 0.447 =0.02235
k 20
X́ is computed as follows:

X́ =
∑ x́ = 110.0236 =5.50118
k 20
Using the value of A2 = 0.58 for n = 5 from Table named factors for Determining Control Limits
for x̅ and R-Charts and Ŕ=0.02235 , we compute the control limits as:
UCL = X́ + A2* Ŕ = 5.50118 + 0.58*0.02235 = 5.514143
LCL = X́ - A2* Ŕ = 5.50118 - 0.58*0.02235 = 5.488217
The x́ -chart defined by these control limits is shown in the following figure:

x bar x bar bar UCL LCL

5.52

5.52

5.51

5.51

5.5

5.5

5.49

5.49

5.48

5.48
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

None of the sample means ( x́ ) falls outside these control limits, which indicates that the process is in
control, and this is an accurate control chart.

 USING R-CHART:

Ŕ=0.02235
For n = 5, D3 = 0 and D4 = 2.11, thus the control limits are:
UCL = D4* Ŕ = 2.11*(0.02235) = 0.0471585
LCL = D3* Ŕ = 0*(0.02235) = 0
These limits define the R-chart shown in the following figure. Since none of the ranges for the
samples are close to the control limits, the process appears to be in control; any variability
observed is a result of natural random occurrences.

R R bar UCL LCL

0.05
0.05
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25