QUANTUM

COMPUTING
PREPARED BY VISHAL GARG
CSE 5TH SEMESTER
WWW.LINKEDIN.COM/IN/
VISHALGARG4
WHAT IS
QUANTUM
COMPUTING?
• Quantum computing is the
computer technology based on the
principles of quantum theory,
which explains the nature and
behaviour of energy and matter on
the quantum (atomic and
subatomic) level.

• Quantum computing is essentially

harnessing and exploiting the
amazing laws of quantum
mechanics to process information.
WHAT IS “QUANTUM”?

• A classical binary bit is always in one of two

states—0 or 1—while a quantum bit or qubit
exists in both of its possible states at once, a
condition known as a superposition.
• An operation on a qubit thus exploits its
quantum weirdness by allowing many
computations to be performed in parallel.
• A two-qubit system would perform the
operation on 4 values, a three-qubit system on 8
and so forth.
WHAT IS “QUANTUM”?

• Rather than performing each calculation in turn on the

current single state of its bits, as a classical computer
does, a quantum computer's sequence of qubits can be in
every possible combination of 1s and 0s at once.
• This allows the computer to test every possible solution
simultaneously and to perform certain complex
calculations exponentially faster than a classical computer.
• One curious feature of a qubit is that measuring it causes
it to "collapse" into a single classical known state—0 or 1
again—and lose its quantum properties.
WHAT IS “QUANTUM”?

• Many quantum algorithms are non-deterministic;

they find many different solutions in parallel, only
one of which can be measured, so they provide the
correct solution with only a certain known
probability.
• Running the calculation several times will
increase the chances of finding the correct answer
but also may reduce quantum computing's speed
advantage.
HISTORY OF QUANTUM COMPUTING

Quantum computing tends to trace its roots back to a 1959 speech by Richard P. Feynman in
which he spoke about the idea of exploiting quantum effects to create more powerful
computers.

This speech is also generally considered the starting point of nanotechnology.

In 1984, David Deutsch was at a computation theory conference and began to wonder about
the possibility of designing a computer that was based exclusively on quantum rules, then
published his breakthrough paper a few months later.

With this, the race began to exploit his idea.

HISTORY OF QUANTUM COMPUTING
In 1994, AT&T's Peter Shor devised
an algorithm that could use only 6
qubits to perform some basic
factorizations ... more cubits the
more complex the numbers
requiring factorization became, of
course.
The first, a 2-qubit quantum
computer in 1998, could perform
trivial calculations before losing
decoherence after a few
nanoseconds.
In 2000, teams successfully built
both a 4-qubit and a 7-qubit
quantum computer.
Research on the subject is still very
active, although some physicists
and engineers express concerns
over the difficulties involved in
upscaling these experiments to full-
scale computing systems.