QUESTION 6 (A):

Discuss in detail, how 'Operations Management (OM) has developed as a discipline over the past
century or so, through reference to some of the key OM concepts of this period. Also, comment
on some influencing factors from the current business environment on OM

Operations management entails planning, coordinating, and supervising procedures, as well as making
necessary changes to increase profitability. Changes in day-to-day operations must support the
company's strategic goals, so they are preceded by a thorough examination and measurement of the
existing processes. Historically, operations management was known as production management,
indicating its industrial roots. It all began with the division of labor, which dates back to the time of
ancient craftsmen, but it wasn't until the eighteenth century that the principle of interchangeability of
parts was introduced, sparking the industrial revolution.

production processes, and their analysis. Production and cost-cutting principles are also relevant.

KEY CONCEPTS:
 It's simple to find the "best" equipment. While staying within budget, keep the equipment as
simple and adaptable as possible.
 Reduce the likelihood of human error. Improve the facilities and hold front-line employees
accountable.
 Reduce the time you spend on each task. Accelerate processes and distribution to reduce the
time it takes for a product to reach a customer.
 Reduce setup time by half. Prepare to assist a wide range of processes by gathering all necessary
information and resources for on-demand output.
 Pulling device. To improve workflow and reduce waste, produce on demand.
 Complete quality control. Use only the best products, systems, and partners.
 Repair the source of the problem. Focus on resolving the underlying causes of cost and
performance issues.
 Visibility control. Promote your company's achievements and inform the market about how
you've improved your competence or efficiency.

Some of the factors that influence the market climate on operations management are as follows:

SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT
Because it defines a society's value system, a country's social climate has an impact on business
operations. Work culture, labor mobility, work groups, and other aspects of an enterprise's
operations are all influenced by sociological factors. Some of these considerations include cost
structure, traditions and norms, cultural heritage, people's attitudes toward wealth and income,
scientific techniques, seniority respect, and labor mobility. All of these factors have an impact on
the market. The types of goods that will be sold for sale, for example, are determined by
people's perceptions, traditions, cultural beliefs, fashion, and other factors. The code of ethics
that a business is expected to follow is influenced by the socio-cultural context. As a result of
societal shifts, new fashion patterns emerge, affecting businesses in all sectors of the economy.
For example, fashion-based demands are social factors that cause demand to change or
increase. The greater the demand, the greater the revenue and business efficiency. The lower
the demand, the lower the return.