Calculus

1.1 Limits Graphically Name: _

Write your questions and

lfäHI
thouohts here!
~-
What is a limit?
A limit is the a function from both the left
and the right side of a given _

-6 -5 -4 -J -2 -I
!·-I .

f(-3) = f(-3) = f(-3) = f(-3) = f(-3) =

lim .f(x)=
.\º->-]
lim
X->-]
f(,t) = lim
X->-]
.f(x)= limf(x)=
X->-J
limf(x)=
X->-]

Limit: (geeky math definition for Mr. Kelly)

Given a function f, the limit of f(x) as x approaches e is a real number Rif f(x) can
be made arbitrarily close to R by taking x sufficiently close to e (but not equal to e). If
the limit exists and is a real number, then the common notation is limf(x) = R.
X->C

What is a one-sided limit?

A one-sided limit is the a function approaches as you
approach a given from either the or side.

Example 2
y !

"The limit off as x approaches 3

lim f (x) = -1
········2 from the left side is -1." X->3

"The limit off as x approaches 3

!im f(x) = 2
from the right side is 2." X->3+
····-1+ ··············Í···············•········"' "
 ,~-i
W rite your questions and
1.1 Limits Graphically
Example 3
a. li1:Í1
x➔ -r
J(x) = b. lim
. x->-2+
J(x)= c. xlim/(x)=
➔-2 ·

d. limf(x)=
x➔I
e. lim/(x)=
X ➔Ü
f. !im
.r->r
J(x)=
g. lim
x➔-1
J(x)= h. lirri,/(x)=
x➔-.,
i. f(-2) =

j. f(l) =

When does a limit not exist?

1. f(x) oscillates between two values infinitely near a.
2. When the limit of f(x) does not equal the same from both the left and the right hand sides.
3. when f(x) approaches infinity or negative infinity as x approaches a.

,1 -
Example 4
9'~etch a graph of a function g that -·f--t--+--+-t--t---J .... 6+ ..... ¡ ¡ ........ ¡ , , ¡ , .

safh;fies all of the following conditions.

a':"··~3) = -1
_L f---+---'--!
-: -
i ¡
1
~:+-
+----"",__-•,·__-_-_ .·•,·_--__-_ ,-..+----;--,
- , , - , ..

--è--+--t -f--··- -3

b. l1fy1~(x) = 4 -- 1 - . . . :
! :
-+-- +--; ---•-2-+-- ..-+ -1- ~ ----s ~ -
: ---¡+ , , +--+--'---"··"''"

c. li;; gc});~--·r'
. 1/.,. . . . .
·
i ¡
-7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1
·¡ I
234567

-i 2+-f--t--+--è-+--l--+-
. d;,-:;:is increas~n -2 < x < 3 -f--lf--'-- -+- +--i --+·- 3-t---<--r--t--;- ....'" ....... ,........ , ...

/e. !ì,rr,ig(x)> !!~ .

ExampleS -~
Write T (true) or F (false) under each statement.
Use the graph on the right.
a. lim /(x)=l b. lim/(x) = 2 c. lifl?f(x)= 1
x➔-1+ x➔2 x->I

d. limf(x)= 2 e. lim/(x) = does not exist

x->I+ x->I

f. lim f(x) = lim f(x) g. I im J(x) = does not exist

X->Ü- X->Ü+ . x➔ 2
1.1 Limits Graphically
Calculus Name:
For 1-5, give the value of each statement. If the value does not exist, write "does not exist'' or llundefined."
1. !

: ;~:~::~
x->2+
~ ~~~1~ = : :::~(x} = !-! ~: t wn
g. lün/Cx) = h. limf(x) = i. lim/Cx) = >--- f-----l ---2+- +-- <----i ~ -·~
I
x->-1+ x➔2

5 y
?-
a. lün/Cx) = b. f (1) = c. limf(x) = ~ -3
-4

x➔-3 X➔I --
1t \_2 1
I
d. limf(x) = e. f (3) = f. limf(x) = -- ~
/ )- Ll
'
1
j xi
x->-2+ x->-T
-5 -4 -3 -2 -I I 2 3/ 4 5
--1

g. lim /Cx)=
X➔-2
h. f(-2) = i. f(4) =
-4

-5
2

Jt
- I
' i
i
3. J y

a. limf(x) = b. f (3) = c. limf(x) = "

,, '
x->3+ x➔O

,~
J

"\
-2

\
limf(x) = e. f(O) = lünf(x) = )
d.
x➔3
f.
x->r _, -• -)
\
'\;' :~_, i'\_¡
i\
) ,: J
i

g. limf(x)
x->0+
= h. f(l) = i. f(-1.6) = 2

-3
~ )-
¾ --

-•
_,
4. 6 y

a. limf(x) = b. f (2) = c. lün/Cx) = 5

_, \..I
x➔-1- x➔2 4

d. lim f(x) =
x->-1
e. f(4) = t. lim/Cx) =
x➔I-
3

1H •--
' ì\. ,..'-- ~
-
/ I x¡
-5 -4 .:v. --2 -I I 2 3 4 5

g. limf(x) = h. f (1) = i. lim/(x) = V

I

x➔-1+ x➔4 2
/
• -4
3
 5.
a. 1·lill f (x) = b.f(-1)= c. limf(x) =
x->T x➔-3

d. limf(x) = e. f(-3) = t. limfCx) =

x➔-1 x➔3+

g. f(3) = h. limf(x)
, '" = i. f ( -4) = · '

"Z 11 ~1~~---_J_=·11
~~~~~i~:~::~'.oªn:unction f that satisfies aïï
Nc-2) = S ·
,5=
"o the
Ir ' i' I: f ì it:,
: .

b.l,~)=1 . ' .

c. limfCx) = 3
~\'➔4+

d. fis increasing on x < _2

e. limfCx)
x->4-
< ¡·im/. (x)
4
7. "'"
Sketch .,-, '
a graph of a f unction g th
T~owin
a.";¡ g conditions .
at satisfies a 11 f

b. r~-~- · o the

!.E1ö~-2
. c. Iimsv: = '5- -,
x➔-3+

r
d. g is increasing ani y on -5 < x < -3 and
. x> ¡

e. .,~,Tg(x) > lüngCx)

x➔-3+

8. ~~_etch a graph of
fd'l~ . a function h th at satisfies
win g conditions . all
a · · o f the
.
-1->
h(x) = h(-2) -
- 1

b. h(3) ~ efined.
'
c. !im h(. ).
. x <
x->-Z- X➔ -z+ h( X )
!im

d. his constant on -2
every w h ere else. < X < 3 an d decreasing
 1.1 Limits Graphically
Test Prep
-------

l. The graph of the function fis shown. Which of the following statements about fis true? -

8 -- (A) lim
x-->a
f (x) = x-->b
Iim f (x) (B) lim f (x)
X-->a
= 4
7
6 ..
(C) lim f(x) = f (x) =

N+Jvf
4 (D) lim 1
x-->b X-->b

j• ... (E) lim f (x) does not exist.

x-->a

2. The figure below shows the graph of a function f with domain O ~ x ~ 4. Which of the following
statements are true?
y

I. lim_ f (x) exists.

X-->2
II. lim
x-->2+
f (x) exists.
III. lim f (x) exists.
X-->2
1 2 3 4
Graph of/

(A) I only (B) Il only (C) I and II only (D) I and III only (E) I, II, and III

2
3. If [ x] represents the greatest integer that is less than or equal to x, then lim [
X ➔ Ü- X
] =

(A) -2 (B) ~1 (C) O (D) 2 (E) the limit does not exist

"'-Consi_?er the fun?tiOl!)' : : :f (x) shown below. Which of the following statements is true?
. ~ y

'ì (A) lim f (x)

X-->1
= 3
4 ----
',' =jÜ\
G._· . : ,

.
'', ~ i
(B) f (1) = 1

(C) f (x) is continuous for all x.

(D) lim f (x) = f (1)

X-->1

. --5 (E) None of the above