PRACTICE TEST

I. LISTENING
Part 1: What does Lisa say about each object? Listen to the recording and give the correct answer to each
of the questions from 1 to 6 as follows. Write
A. if she says it is ESSENTIAL
B. if she says it is RECOMMENDED.
C. if she says it is NOT RECOMMENDED.
Example: Documents Answer: A
1. At least £50 _________
2. Warm clothing  _________
3. Personal computer   _________
4. Food from home  _________
5. Favourite tapes or CDs _________
6. Photos from home _________
Your answers:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Part 2: For questions 7 - 10, listen to a radio interview with a travel writer called Marina Vardy and
choose the correct answer A, B, C or D which fits best according to what you hear. Write your answers in
the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
7. What made Marina start traveling?
A. a sudden desire to overcome her fear of the sea B. a difficult problem in the life she had at the time
C. an unexpected opportunity to escape a boring routine D. a friend's wish for a traveling companion
8. How did Marina first get into writing?
A. She wanted to describe the different exotic places that she visited.
B. She found it satisfying to write her private feelings in a teenage diary.

C. She enjoyed the reaction of others to something she wrote as a young girl.
D. She was keen to be like her father, who was an enthusiastic writer.
9. What does Marina say is her greatest challenge?
A. feeling uncertain about the quality of her work
B. coping with some lack of support from her family
C. having to face danger for the sake of a story
D. finding things to write about that will interest her readers
10. Marina says that aspiring travel writers must ensure that they
A. work hard to make their writing style as good as they can.
B. try to make their readers experience strong emotions.
C. offer much more than an account of their own adventures.
D. keep their own grandmother in mind as they write.
Your answers:
7. 8. 9. 10.

Part 3: For questions 11-15, listen to an interview with the author of a new book on leisure time and
activities and decide whether these statements are True (T) or False (F). Write your answers in the
corresponding numbered boxes provided.
11. The author thought no one should be bored when so many leisure opportunities were on offer.
12. Her children's enthusiasm for school holidays was short-lived.
13. Her friend used to enjoy expensive leisure activities.
14. Her uncle enjoyed the freedom of retirement.
15. Both sections of the book contain similar types of information.
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Your answers:
11. 12. 13. 14. 15.
Part 4: For questions 16 - 25, listen to a film reviewer giving a talk and fill in the missing information.
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS taken from the recording for each answer in the space provided.
Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
Keira Knightley has (16) ________ claims that her new film The Duchess, a historical drama set in the 18th
Century, (17) ________ the life of Princess Diana. The film tells the true life story of Georgiana, Duchess
of Devonshire, who was the great-great-great-great aunt of Diana, Princess of Wales. In the film Knightley
plays an aristocratic woman who is trapped in a marriage to a man who is in love with his (18) ________.
Many people think that this (19) ________ mimics the experiences of Princess Diana, whose husband Prince
Charles also had a long-standing clandestine relationship with another woman. Even the film’s tag line,
“There were three people in her marriage”, suggests a link to Diana’s story, as it bears a remarkable
similarity to the words the princess used to describe her own situation in a highly candid 1995 television
interview. However, Keira Knightley has tried to (20) ________ the similarities in the stories and explained
that the (21) ________ she plays in the film is interesting enough to (22) ________ a complete film about
her. Moreover, the 23-year-old actress claims that she can’t remember the story of Prince Charles and
Princess Diana's doomed marriage, because she was only 11 years old when Diana died. In any case, The
Duchess provides a fascinating (23) ________ into personal relationships in a society where (24) ________
was a taboo, whether the Diana connection exists or not. Furthermore, the film shows the architecture and
(25) ________ of 18th Century England down to the smallest detail.
Your answers:
16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
21. 22. 23. 24. 25.

II. LEXICO-GRAMMAR
Part 1: Choose the word or phrase that best completes each sentence. Write your answers A, B, C or D in
the numbered boxes.
1. The quality of the young artist’s painting is beginning to gain _______ throughout the world.
A. knowledge B. understanding C. recognition D. familiarity
2. Get going! All the students were around, waiting until the last minute to go into the building.
A. dwelling B. lingering C. staggering D. running
3. If need_____________, I can bring some extra chairs from home so everyone has a place to sit.
A. be B. is C. was D. were
4. I am in a ________about how to use this CD Rom.
A. loss B. difficulty C. quandary D. mind- game
5. I've searched ________ for that old photo album, but I can't find it anywhere.
A. high and low B. long and short C. straight and narrow D. thick and thin
6. Advances in special effects have brought a new _______ of life to the film industry.
A. surge B. lease C. time D. flash
7. For the first few months, the babies looked so alike I couldn’t tell ________.
A. who is whom B. which is which C. which from which D. whom with whom
8. Karl Kani, who was a black American designer, was the first to ________ the trend of merging hip hop
with fashion.
A. leak B. set C. take D. hit
9. Richard is ________ confident, and this has helped him climb the corporate ladder.
A. acutely B. blissfully C. supremely D. immensely
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10. She's read this book twice already. That's why it's so 11.__________.
A. smudged B. dusty C. dog-eared D. dented
11. Jack thinks Daisy is going to take a gap year after graduating, ________?
A. doesn’t he B. does he C. isn’t she D. is she
12. Phuong Thao is a student in Ms Lan’s writing class. She is asking for Ms Lan’s comments on her last
essay. Select the most suitable response to fill in the blank.
Phuong Thao: “You must have found reading my essay very tiring.”
Ms Lan: “________. I enjoyed it.”
A. Not in the least B. Just in case C. At all costs D. You are welcome
13. The problem is not with the new design________, but rather the way it is marketed.
A. with or without itself B. in and of itself C. just by itself D. all by itself
14. The incredible thing about telephone ________ across the continents, but that you can recognize the
other person’s voice.
A. is it allow people to talk instantly B. is not that people can instantly talk to each other
C. is it provides instant talking to each other D. is that people can talk instantly
15. On the battlefield ____________.
A. the tanks lay B. did the tanks lie C. lay the tanks D. lied the tanks
16. ________ visit the British Museum while you are in London, you mustn't forget to look at the famous
Rosetta Stone.
A. Unless you B. If you should C. For fear that you D. When you might
17. The business has had a bumpy_____________ over the last twelve months, but profits are
growing again now.
A. journey B. ride C. time D. drive
18. She awoke with an _____________ sense of foreboding which she could find no reason for.
A. intelligible B. intensive C. indelible D. intangible
19. _____________ the drawbacks of relocating companies to remote area, I still believe that the benefits
are more significant.
A. Although B. Much as C. Albeit D. Notwithstanding
20. I grew up in California, so when I moved to Minnesota, I felt like I stuck ________.
A. a kilometre B. an inch C. a yard D. a mile
Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
11. 12. 13. 14. 15.
16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
Part 2: Complete the following sentences with one preposition/particle for each blank. Write your
answers in the numbered boxes.
1. Roads were sealed _________ as police searched for the escaped prisoner.
2. John and Ella drifted __________ when they left university and have gone their separate ways now.
3. On behalf of all the staff, I would like to express our gratitude _________ your contributions.
4. We hurried back to our car as we saw the clouds rolling _________ over the mountains.
5. James is _________ the opinion that the woman next door is fond of him as she glances at him from time
to time.
6. Although the whale is very huge, it is not hindered _________all by its size when it is in the water.
7. There were no ripe apples _________reach, so I moved the ladder.
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8. Because of this economic downturn, we may have to lay_________ up to 100 people.
9. The police came _________for a good deal of criticism over their handling of the demonstration.
10. Peter and I just spent the whole day lazing _________listening to music.
Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Part 3: Write the correct FORM of each bracketed word in the numbered spaces provided in the column
on the right. Write your answers in the numbered boxes.
THE BLACK WIDOW SPIDER
The black widow spider’s (1) __________ is not without foundation. However, an 1. NOTORIOUS
element of exaggeration has led to certain (2) ________regarding its evil nature. 2. CONCEPT
Firstly, while it is indeed one of the most venomous species of spider, its venom
being 15 times stronger than that of the prairie rattlesnake, its bite injects such a
small amount of venom in comparison that it is unlikely to kill humans. In fact, (3) 3. FATAL
_________are rare.
Black widows bite only if they are touched or their web is (4)________, and only 4. THREAT
the adult female is poisonous. The female is (5) _______by nature, and has been 5. SOLITUDE
known to kill and eat the male after mating. Such (6) _______are rare, but they 6. OCCUR
explain how the spider got its name – and its (7) _________. 7. REPUTE
Nevertheless, the (8) ________effects of this spider’s bite should not be (9) 8. PLEASE
_________, and if you live in a certain climate and have a fireplace in your home, 9. ESTIMATE
it is advisable to take (10) ________. Black widow spiders often inhabit wood 10. CAUTION
piles, so you should wear gloves when handling firewood.
Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Part 4: Choose the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined
word(s) in each of the following questions. Write your answers in the numbered boxes.
1. Ms Stanford is an unusually prolific author. She has written a large number of books these years, some of
which are best-sellers.
A. reflective B. productive C. exhausted D. critical
2. Some of the business practices of that chemical company make it a menace in this area.
A. large employer B. major producer C. leader D. threat
3. Wendy is on the horns of a dilemma: she just wonders whether to go for a picnic with her friends or to
stay at home with her family.
A. unwilling to make a decision B. able to make a choice
C. eager to make a plan D. unready to make up her mind
Your answers:
1. 2. 3.

Part 5: Choose the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) that is OPPOSITE in meaning to the
underlined word(s) in each of the following questions. Write your answers in the numbered boxes.
1. Constant correction by a teacher is often counterproductive, as students may become afraid to speak at
all.
A. desolate B. unproductive C. barren D. effective
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2. If you had studied instead of goofing off all semester, then you wouldn’t be so worried about tomorrow’s exam.
A. to behave not very well B. to pass time studying
C. hardly try to work D. to pass time in a relaxing way
3. Studying English will be very strenuous if you learn it passively and perfunctorily.
A. undemanding B. energetic C. laborious D. dilatory
Your answers:
1. 2. 3.

Part 6: Choose the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the
following questions. Write your answers in the numbered boxes.
1. Children subjected to violence, exploration, abuse, and neglect are in risk of death, poor physical and
A B C
mental health, HIV/AIDS infection, and educational problems.
D
2. Thanks to artificial intelligence, the phone's voice-recognition system converts the sound into numerous
A B C D
data.
3. Drawing on her own experience in psychology, the writer successfully portrayed a volatile character with
A B C
dramatic alternatives of mood.
D
4. When the pandemic struck, schools shifted to a new method called “E-learning”. By doing this, both
A
teachers and students were able to follow the social distanced rules and keep up with the curriculum.
B C D
Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4.
III. READING
Part 1: Read the following passage and decide which answer (A, B, C, or D) best fits each gap. Write your
answers in the numbered boxes.
Digitally connected manufacturing, often (1)_________ “Industry 4.0”, (2) __________ a wide variety of
technologies, ranging from 3D printing to robotics, new materials and production systems.
A move towards Industry 4.0 would benefit the private sector. Large, integrated manufacturers would find in
it a way to (3) __________ and shorten their supply chain, for example via flexible factories. A more
digitalized manufacturing would also open new market (4) _________ for SMEs providing such specialized
technologies as sensors, robotics, 3D printing or machine-to-machine communications.
For developed nations, Industry 4.0 - a term initially (5) __________ in Germany - could be a way to regain
manufacturing competitiveness. This is particularly relevant in the case of Western Europe, which, unlike
the US, does not currently enjoy reduced energy costs.
As for (6) __________ markets, Industry 4.0 could provide the much-needed route to moving up the value
chain, something that has become increasingly important to achieve in the (7) ___________ of rising labor
costs. For example, China’s new ten-year plan, issued last May and (8) ____________ named “Made in
China 2025”, targets key sectors such as robotics, information technology and energy (9) ___________
turning the country from a “manufacturing giant” into a “world manufacturing power.
As promising as it is, much more work remains to be done to make Industry 4.0 a large scale reality. On the
regulatory side, for instance, policymakers will have to ensure that data - the (10) ___________ of Industry
4.0 - can move freely and securely throughout the supply chain, including across borders. This is an effort
that is likely to take some time.
1. A. deferred to as B. referred to as C. deferred to D. referred to
2. A. involves B. supports C. encompasses D. necessitates
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3. A. optimize B. maximize C. customize D. legitimize
4. A. chances B. possibilities C. opportunities D. places
5. A. yielded B. pieced C. lauded D. coined
6. A. novel B. emerging C. premature D. immature
7. A. loop B. teeth C. feat D. wake
8. A. aptly B. particularly C. unwittingly D. distinctively
9. A. in the interests of B. in lieu of C. in awe of D. in the hope of
10. A. pins and needles B. nuts and bolts C. root and branch D. part and parcel
Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Part 2: Fill each of the following numbered blanks with ONE suitable word. Write your answers in the
boxes.
Is cooking becoming a lost art? On the (1) ____________ of it, the question may seem slightly ridiculous.
(2) ____________ all, food and cookery programmes have, in recent years, become one of most popular
broadcasts on television. Celebrity chef cookbooks regularly top best-seller lists, and the gender division of
cookery seems to be disappearing - nowadays, it’s not at all, unusual to find men in the kitchen cooking (3)
____________ a storm. Yet, is it all as it really seems? Apparently not. (4) ____________ to food industry
analysts, while seeking out good food has become the norm, preparing and cooking it certainly hasn't. The
home-cooked meal is fast becoming a lost art. Today, many people view the daily preparation of meals as an
impossible aspiration. Ready meals and other heavily processed products have become the order of the (5)
____________. Both young and old cite lack of time as the primary reason for opting (6) ____________
pre-packaged convenience foods. The trend for ready meals began in the 1990's. Today Americans spend on
(7) ____________ 50 cents out of every food dollar on ready-prepared, ready-to-eat foods. A recent survey
on the eating habits of Americans revealed that, in 1984, Americans made 72% of their dinners from scratch
but by 2008 that figure had dropped to just 57%. Americans don't eat out as often as they used to, but eating
more at home has not (8) ____________ preparing more meals from scratch. The trend is mirrored in the
UK. Like Americans, Britons are finding someone else to do the cooking - their supermarket. Aisle after
aisle of British supermarket shelves are now devoted (9) ____________ ready meals. It's high time we took
back the kitchen. It’s time to (10) ____________ free from the shackles of ready-made, industrial food. It’s
time to cook.
Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Part 3: Read the following passage and choose the best answer (A, B, C, or D) for each question. Write
your answers in the numbered boxes.
Very few people, groups, or governments oppose globalization in its entirety. Instead, critics of globalization
believe aspects of the way globalization operates should be changed. The debate over globalization is about
what the best rules are for governing the global economy so that its advantages can grow while its problems
can be solved.
On one side of this debate are those who stress the benefits of removing barriers to international trade and
investment, allowing capital to be allocated more efficiently and giving consumers greater freedom of
choice. With free-market globalization, investment funds can move unimpeded from the rich countries to the
developing countries. Consumers can benefit from cheaper products because reduced taxes make goods
produced at low cost from faraway places cheaper to buy. Producers of goods gain by selling to a wider
market. More competition keeps sellers on their toes and allows ideas and new technology to spread and
benefit others.
On the other side of the debate are critics who see neo-liberal policies as producing greater poverty,
inequality, social conflict, cultural destruction, and environmental damage. They say that the most
developed nations – the United States, Germany, and Japan – succeeded not because of free trade but
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because of protectionism and subsidies. They argue that the more recently successful economies of South
Korea, Taiwan, and China all had strong state-led development strategies that did not follow neo-liberalism.
These critics think that government encouragement of “infant industries” – that is, industries that are just
beginning to develop – enables a country to become internationally competitive.
Furthermore, those who criticize the Washington Consensus suggest that the inflow and outflow of money
from speculative investors must be limited to prevent bubbles. These bubbles are characterized by the rapid
inflow of foreign funds that bid up domestic stock markets and property values. When the economy cannot
sustain such expectation, the bubbles burst as investors panic and pull their money out of the country.
Protests by what is called the anti-globalization movement are seldom directed against globalization itself
but rather against abuses that harm the rights of workers and the environment. The question raised by
nongovernmental organizations and protesters at WTO and IMF gatherings is whether globalization will
result in a rise of living standards or a race to the bottom as competition takes the form of lowering living
standards and undermining environmental regulations.
One of the key problems of the 21st century will be determining to what extent markets should be regulated
to promote fair competition, honest dealing, and fair distribution of public goods on a global scale.
(From “Globalization” by Tabb, William K., Microsoft ® Student 2009 [DVD])
1. It is stated in the passage that _____________.
A. the protests of globalization are directed against globalization itself
B. the United States, Germany, and Japan succeeded in helping infant industries
C. supporters of globalization stress the benefits of removing trade barriers
D. critics of globalization say that the successful economies are all in Asia
2. Supporters of free-market globalization point out that ______________.
A. consumers can benefit from cheaper products B. there will be less competition among producers
C. taxes that are paid on goods will be increased D. investment will be allocated only to rich countries
3. The word “allocated” in the passage mostly means “____________”.
A. removed B. solved C. offered D. distributed
4. The phrase “keeps sellers on their toes” in the passage mostly means “___________”.
A. makes sellers responsive to any changes B. allows sellers to stand on their own feet
C. forces sellers to go bare-footed D. prevents sellers from selling new products
5. According to critics of globalization, several developed countries have become rich because of ____.
A. their neo-liberal policies B. their help to developing countries
C. their prevention of bubbles D. their protectionism and subsidies
6. Infant industries mentioned in the passage are ______________.
A. successful economies B. young companies
C. development strategies D. young industries
7. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A. Critics believe the way globalization operates should be changed.
B. The anti-globalization movement was set up to end globalization.
C. Some Asian countries had strong state-led economic strategies.
D. Hardly anyone disapproves of globalization in its entirety.
8. The debate over globalization is about how______________.
A. to use neo-liberal policies for the benefit of the rich countries
B. to spread ideas and strategies for globalization
C. to govern the global economy for the benefit of the community
D. to terminate globalization in its entirety
Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4.
5. 6. 7. 8.

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Part 4: Read the following passage and answer questions 1-12. Write your answers in the corresponding
numbered boxes.
THE IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENT TO CHILDREN
A
What determines how a child develops? In reality, it would be impossible to account for each and every
influence that ultimately determines who a child becomes. What we can look at are some of the most
apparent influences such as genetics, parenting, experiences, friends, family relationships and school to help
us understand the influences that help contribute to a child’s growth.
B
Think of these influences as building blocks. While roost people tend to have the same basic building
blocks, these components can be put together in an infinite number of ways. Consider your own overall
personality. How much of who you are today was shaped by your genetic inheritance, and how much is a
result of your lifetime of experiences? This question has puzzled philosophers, psychologists and educators
for hundreds of years and is frequently referred to as the nature versus nurture debate. Generally, the given
rate of influence on children is 40% to 50%. It may refer to all of siblings of a family. Are we the result of
nature (our genetic background) or nurture (our environment)? Today, most researchers agree that child
development involves a complex interaction of both nature and nurture, while some aspects of development
may be strongly influenced by biology, environmental influences may also play a role. For example, the
timing of when the onset of puberty occurs is largely the results of heredity, but environmental factors such
as nutrition can also have an effect.
C
From the earliest moments of life, the interaction of heredity and the environment works to shape who
children are and who they will become. While the genetic instructions a child inherits from his parents may
set out a road map for development, the environment can impact how these directions are expressed, shaped
or event silenced. The complex interaction of nature and nurture does not just occur at certain moments or at
certain periods of time; it is persistent and lifelong.
D
The shared environment (also called common environment) refers to environmental influences that have the
effect of making siblings more similar to one another. Shared environmental influences can include shared
family experiences, shared peer groups, and sharing the same school and community. In general, there has
not been strong evidence for shared environmental effects on many behaviors, particularly those measured
in adults. Possible reasons for this are discussed. Shared environmental effects are evident in children and
adolescents, but these effects generally decrease across the life span. New developments in behavior genetic
methods have made it possible to specify shared environments of importance and to tease apart familial and
non-familial sources of shared environmental influence. It may also refer to all of siblings of a family, but
the rate of influence is less than 10 per cent.
E
The importance of non-shared environment lay hidden within quantitative genetic studies since they began
nearly a century ago. Quantitative genetic methods, such as twin and adoption methods, were designed to
tease apart nature and nurture in order to explain family resemblance. For nearly all complex phenotypes, it
has emerged that the answer to the question of the origins of family resemblance is nature-things run in
families primarily for genetic reasons. However, the best available evidence for the importance of
environmental influence comes from this same quantitative genetic research because genetic influence never
explains all of the variances for complex phenotypes, and the remaining variance must be ascribed to
environmental influences. Non-shared environment, it may refer to the part of siblings of a family, the rate
of influence to children is 40 % to 50%.
F
Yet it took many decades for the full meaning of these findings to emerge. If genetics explains why siblings
growing up in the same family are similar, but the environment is important, then it must be the case that the
salient environmental effects do not make siblings similar. That is, they are not shared by children growing
up in the same family-they must be ‘non-shared’. This implication about non-shared environmental import
lay fallow in the field of quantitative genetics because the field’s attention was then firmly on the nature-
nurture debate. ‘Nurture’ in the nature-nurture debate was implicitly taken to mean shared environment
because, from Freud onwards, theories of socialization had assumed that children’s environments are doled
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out on a family-by-family basis. In contrast, the point of the non-shared environment is that environments
are doled out on a child-by-child basis. Note that the phrase ‘non-shared environment’ is shorthand for a
component of phenotypic variance-it refers to ‘effects’ rather than ‘events’, as discussed later. Research in
recent years suggested that the impact from parents will be easy to be interrupted by the influence from the
children of the same age. That also showed that variations of knowledge that children get from other culture
are increasing. A number of interests between, whatever, fathers and mothers or parents and their children
are conflicting.
G
Because siblings living in the same home share some but not all of the potential genetic and environmental
factors that influence their behaviors, teasing apart the potential influences of genetic and non-genetic
factors that differentiate siblings is very difficult. Turkheimer and Waldron (2000) have noted that non-
shared environmental influences - which include all of the random measurement error - may not be
systematic, but instead may operate idiosyncratically and in ways that cannot be ascertained. Thus, the
question is whether or not quasi-experimental behavioral genetic designs can be used to actually identify
systematic non-shared environmental mechanisms cross-sectionally and longitudinally. This is the impetus
for the current study.
Questions 1 - 4: Complete the table now.
Choose  NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the Reading Passage for each answer.
Type of Impact to Children Range of Reference to Siblings Rate of Influence
(1)________________ background Including to all of siblings 40%-50%
from parents and family
Shared Environment to (2)_________________ less than (3)________________
(4)________________ to part of siblings 40% -50%

Questions 5 - 7: Complete the following summary of the paragraphs of the Reading Passage.
Using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the Reading Passage for each answer.
Research in recent years illuminated that the impact from parents will frequently be (5)_________ by the
peer’s pressure. It was also indicated that (6)_________ of knowledge that children learned from other
culture are increasing. The study has found quantities of competing (7)_________ between parents and
children or even between parents themselves.
Questions 8 - 11: Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage?
In boxes 8 - 11, write
YES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writer
NO      if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer
NOT GIVEN    if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this
8.   The more children there are in a family, the more impacts on environment it has.
9.   Methods based on twin studies still meet unexpected differences that cannot be ascribed to be a purely
genetic explanation.
10. Children prefer to speak the language from the children of the same age to the language spoken by their
parents.
11. The study of non-shared environment influence can be a generally agreed idea among researchers in the
field.
Question 12. Choose the correct letter A, B, C, or D.
According to this passage, which comment is TRUE about the current study of non-shared environment
influence to children?
A. a little biased in nature B. not sufficiently proved C. very systematic D. can be workable
Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4.
5. 6. 7. 8.
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9. 10. 11. 12.
Part 5: You will read an article about various birds in Britain and choose from the birds (A-D). The birds
may be chosen more than once. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes.
WINGED WINNERS AND LOSERS
Birds in Britain come under scrutiny in a massive new study, Birds Britannica. A record of the avian
community in the 21st century, it reveals a continually evolving pattern. Mark Cocker, the principal
author of the tome, selects some cases.
A. Red Kite
The red kite's recent rise from a mere handful to several thousands is among the great stories of modern
conservation. Testimony to its flagship status is a recent Royal Society for the Protection of Birds poll
which ranked it with the golden eagle and song thrush in the nation's list of favourite birds.
The dramatic spread has hinged on a reintroduction scheme at six sites in England and Scotland using
kites originally taken from Spain and Sweden. The English releases began in the Chilterns in 1989 and
when these had achieved a healthy population, subsequent introductions were made in Northamptonshire
and Yorkshire using mainly English birds. The Scottish releases in the 1980s and 1990s have resulted in
populations totaling more than 50 pairs. Altogether there are now about 3,000 kites in Britain.
The formation of a "Kite committee" by members of the British Ornithologists Club in 1903 was central
to the bird's recovery. It endured for 90 years and has been described as being "without parallel in the
annals of bird protection anywhere in the world".
B. Dartford Warbler
This highly-attractive bird is confined to just five Western European countries as well as the north African
littoral, and has the smallest world range of any of our breeding birds. It is also a highly sedentary bird
and a major cause of decline is its great susceptibility to the cold. The worst case occurred in the two
successive hard winters of 1961 and 1962 when the numbers fell from 450 pairs to just 10.
Memories of this calamitous decrease, coupled with the bird's own tiny size and seeming delicacy, have
cemented our sense of an overarching vulnerability. It is one of the best British examples where a species'
local rarity has been assumed to equal almost constitutional weakness. Typical of our pessimism was a
1960s prediction that its breeding range would be virtually restricted to the New Forest "in the foreseeable
future". There was a similar anxiety in the proposal to trap large numbers ahead of severe winter weather
so that they could be safely released the following spring.
All the caution is perfectly understandable as an expression of our protective instincts towards a much-
loved bird. Yet it sits oddly with the warbler's continuing rise and expansion to a population of 1,925 pairs
by the year 2000. It has undoubtedly been helped by mild winters as well as the intensive management
and protection of England's lowland heath. Yet the Dartford Warbler's recent history illustrates how easy
it is to underestimate the resilience of a small rare bird.
C. White-tailed Eagle
It is difficult to judge which is the more exciting conservation achievement - the reintroduction of this
magnificent bird or of red kites. By wingspan and weight, this the largest eagle in Europe and one of the
biggest of all birds in Britain. However, if the species itself is on a grand scale, the size of the
reintroduced population is tiny and the pace of increase is agonizingly slow. Almost 30 years after the
species was first released, there are just 23 pairs holding territory, and from 17 occupied eyries in 2001,
no more than 11 young fledged.
The project involved a remarkable team effort by various UK environmental groups, as well as the
Norwegian conservationists who organized the capture of the donated birds. Between 1975 and 1985, they
released 82 eagles (39 males and 43 females) from a special holding area on the Inner Herbridean island
of Rhum. Eight were later recovered dead, but in 1983 came the first breeding attempt.
Two years later, a pair of white-tailed eagles produced the first British-born chick in 69 years and every
subsequent breeding season has seen a small incremental improvement. There is now an established
breeding nucleus spread between the islands of Skye and Mull as well as the adjacent mainland, and their
recent history suggests that the white-tailed eagle's increase will continue throughout north-west Scotland.
D. Spotted Flycatcher

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Even the greatest fans of this lovely bird, with its mouse-grey upper parts and whitish breast and belly,
would have to admit that it is rather drab. They have no more than a thin, squeaky, small song. However,
spotted flys compensate with enormous character.
The birds are instantly recognizable because of their large-headed, top-heavy shape that is distinctive even
in silhouette, and by the habit of returning to the same perch after their agile, twisting, aerial sallies for
insects.
They are adept at catching large species such as day-flying moths, butterflies, bees and wasps, whose
stings they remove by thrashing the victim against the perch. Their specialized diet means that they are
among the latest spring migrants to return and are now in serious decline because of half a century of
pesticide use. In the past 25 years, their numbers have declined by almost 80 per cent, but they are still
sufficiently numerous (155,000 pairs) to be familiar and are often birds of large gardens, churchyards or
around farm buildings.
Of which birds are the followings stated?
1. Further attempts to increase its numbers were made once initial attempts had proved
successful
2. Its population growth is a reflection of how tough it is
3. There was a particular period when its population plummeted
4. Even though its population has fallen, it can frequently be seen in various particular
locations.
5. There is statistical evidence to support the view that it is a very popular bird
6. A criticism could be made of its physical appearance.
7. A common perception of its has proved inaccurate
8. Growth in its number has been much more gradual than desired
9. Measures taken in the running of a certain type of countryside have assisted in the
growth of its population
10. There is reason to believe that its progress in a particular region will be maintained

Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

IV. WRITING
Part 1: Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means exactly the same as the
sentence before it. (0) has been done as an example.
0. Keith certainly can’t be held responsible for the accident.
→ In no way can Keith be held responsible for the accident.
1. Blake fully intends to complain about the attitude of the staff at the hotel.
→ Blake has every _______________________________________________________________________.
2. Please excuse Jane’s poor typing. She’s only been learning for a month.
→ Please make allowances ________________________________________________________________.
3. Tim was suspected to have stolen the paintings. The police have investigated him for days.
→ Suspected ___________________________________________________________________________.
4. Thomas was not given details of the company's new project.
→ Thomas was kept in ___________________________________________________________________.
5. I can’t understand why they are reluctant to sign the contract
→ I am baffled _________________________________________________________________________.
Part 2: Use the word given in brackets and make any necessary additions to write a new sentence in such
a way that it is as similar as possible in meaning to the original sentence. DONOT change the form of the
given word. You must use between THREE and SIX words, including the word given. (0) has been done
as an example.
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0. He paid no attention to our warning. (NOTICE)
→ He ______ took no notice of__________ our warning.
1. The only reason the party was a success was that a famous film star attended. (ATTENDANCE)
→ Had it not ______________________________a famous film star, the party would have been a failure
2. Being in prison seems to have changed Kevin’s behaviour for the better. (LEAF)
→ Kevin has _____________________________________ he got out of prison.
3. I was strongly impressed by the performance of that young singer. (IMPRESSION)
→ The performance of that young singer___________________________________ me.
4. Jane cannot go any higher in her career. (PINNACLE)
→ Jane ________________________________________________________ her career.
5. I resent the way that she clearly feels herself to be superior to me. (NOSE)
→ I resent the way that she ______________________________________________me.

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