Nikko Jean Reyes

CE201

The Scientist

The three scientists mention which will be related to chemistry. The first scientist
mention is Dmitri Mendeleev. It is a Russian chemist who developed the periodic
classification of the elements. He found that, when all the known for the chemical
elements were arranged in order of increasing the atomic weight the resulting table
displayed a recurring pattern, or periodicity, of properties within groups of elements. In
his version of the periodic table in 1871, he left gaps in places where he believed
unknown elements would find their place. He even predicted the likely properties of
three of the potential elements. The subsequent proof of many of his predictions within
his lifetime brought fame to Mendeleev as the founder of the periodic table. It is also
begin to compose the chapter on the halogen elements, such as chlorine and its
analogs at the end of the first volume. He compared the properties of this  group of
elements to those of the group of alkali metals such as sodium. Within these two groups
of dissimilar elements, he discovered similarities in the progression of atomic weights,
and he wondered if other groups of elements exhibited similar properties. After studying
the alkali metals, his established that the order of atomic weights could be used not only
to arrange the elements within each group but also to arrange the groups themselves.
The second scientist will be Amadeo Avogadro. It is an Italian mathematical physicist
who implemented the Avogadro’s Law it states that the volumes of different gasses is
equal to the number of molecules or moles, which is the same value or constant of
temperature and pressure. He was also the first scientist to realize that elements could
exist in the form of molecules rather than as individual atoms . In the early 1800s,
scientists’ ideas about the particles we now call atoms and molecules were very limited
and often incorrect. He was deeply interested in finding out how the basic particles of
matter behave and come together to form chemical compounds. Last scientist will be
Marie Curie. It is a Polish physicist and chemist, her contribution is the discovery of
radium and polonium for the treatments of cancer. Marie also noticed that samples of
mineral called pitchblende, which contains uranium ore, were a great deal more
radioactive than the pure element uranium. Further work convinced her very large
readings she was getting could not be caused by uranium alone there was something
else in the pitchblende. Since nobody had ever found it before, it could only be present
in tiny quantities, and it seemed to be very radioactive. Marie was convinced she had
found a new chemical element other scientists doubted her results. They ground up
samples of pitchblende, dissolved them in acid, and began to separate the different
elements present, using the standard analytical chemistry techniques of the time.
Eventually, they extracted a black powder 330 times more radioactive than uranium,
which they called Polonium.  Polonium was a new chemical element, atomic number 84.

Chemical Equation

What is chemical equation? It is a symbolic representation of a chemical reaction using

the symbols of the elements and the chemical formulas. What is chemical formula? It is
a way of expressing the bonding between the atoms and ions in a compound by using a
single line of element symbols along with the numeric subscripts to indicate the number
of atoms of each element. An example of this is C 6H12O6 that is the chemical formula for
glucose. In chemical equation, there are two reactions, the reactants and the products.
Reactants are the substances that are present before the chemical reaction takes place
while the products are the species formed from a chemical reaction. How does the
chemical equation occur? First is the replacement of the reactants and the products.
The reactants is on the left side while the products is on the right side. Second is to
balance the chemical equation, to determine, find the subscript of each element. Once
you find it, you will think of a number that you will enter whether reactants or products to
make the subscripts balanced or equal. Then check again, times the number or
coefficient that you put in the reactants or products to determine if the reactants and
products are in balance. Examples of chemical equation are CO 2 + H2O → O2 + C6H12O6.
Since the reactants and the products are not balance, so I’m input a coefficient, and it
will be the result 6CO2 + 6H2O → 6O2 + C6H12O6. Is it a balance yet? Yes it’s the
chemical equation is balanced. Why is there no coefficient of glucose? Because he is
considered as 1 his coefficient and when I put a coefficient higher than 1 he can no
longer balance his chemical equation. We have types of chemical equations, first is the
combination reaction, also known as the synthesis reaction, it is a reaction in which two
or more substances combine to form a single new substance. Examples are 2Na + Cl 2
→ 2NaCl. Second is the decomposition reaction, in which a compound breaks down
into two or more simpler substances. Examples are 2HgO → 2Hg + O2. Third is the
single displacement reaction is a reaction in which one element replaces a similar
element in a compound. Examples are Mg + Cu(NO3)2 → Mg(NO3)2 + Cu. The fourth one
is the double displacement reaction   is a reaction in which the positive and negative
ions of two ionic compounds exchange places to form two new compounds. Examples
are 2KI + Pb(NO3)2 → 2KNO3 + PbI2. Lastly will be the combustion reaction, is a
reaction in which a substance reacts with oxygen gas, releasing energy in the form of
light and heat. Combustion reactions must involve O2 as one reactant. The combustion
of hydrogen gas produces water vapor. Examples are C 3H8 + 5O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2O.
These are the facts and explanations or the definitions and examples is that why it is the
chemical reaction is occur.