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In 1928, to recover from the loss of Oswald the Lucky Rabbit, Disney came up with the idea of a mouse
character named Mortimer while on a train headed to California, producing a few simple drawings.
The mouse was later renamed Mickey Mouse (Disney's wife, Lillian, disliked the sound of 'Mortimer
Mouse') and starred in several Disney-produced films. Ub Iwerks refined Disney's initial design of
Mickey Mouse.[10] Disney's first sound film Steamboat Willie, a cartoon starring Mickey, was released
on November 18, 1928[ChWDC 3] through Pat Powers' distribution company.[10] It was the first Mickey
Mouse sound cartoon released but the third to be created, behind Plane Crazy and The Gallopin'
Gaucho.[ChWDC 4] Steamboat Willie was an immediate smash hit, and its initial success was attributed
not just to Mickey's appeal as a character, but to the fact that it was the first cartoon to feature
synchronized sound.[10] Disney used Pat Powers' Cinephone system, created by Powers using Lee de
Forest's Phonofilm system.[ChWDC 4] Steamboat Willie premiered at B. S. Moss's Colony Theater in
New York City, now The Broadway Theatre.[11] Disney's Plane Crazy and The Gallopin' Gaucho were
then retrofitted with synchronized sound tracks and re-released successfully in 1929.[ChWDC 4]
Disney continued to produce cartoons with Mickey Mouse and other characters,[10] and began the Silly
Symphony series with Columbia Pictures signing on as Symphonies distributor in August 1929. In
September 1929, theater manager Harry Woodin requested permission to start a Mickey Mouse Club,
which Walt approved. In November, test comics strips were sent to King Features, who requested
additional samples to show to the publisher, William Randolph Hearst. On December 16, the Walt
Disney Studios partnership was reorganized as a corporation with the name of Walt Disney
Productions, Limited, with a merchandising division – Walt Disney Enterprises, and two
subsidiaries – Disney Film Recording Company, Limited; and Liled Realty and Investment Company,
for real estate holdings. Walt and his wife held 60 percent (6,000 shares) and Roy owned 40 percent of
WD Productions. On December 30, King Features signed its first newspaper, New York Mirror, to
publish the Mickey Mouse comic strip with Walt's permission.[ChWDC 5]
In 1932, Disney signed an exclusive contract with Technicolor (through the end of 1935) to produce
cartoons in color, beginning with Flowers and Trees (1932). Disney released cartoons through Powers'
Celebrity Pictures (1928–1930), Columbia Pictures (1930–1932), and United Artists (1932–1937).[12]
The popularity of the Mickey Mouse series allowed Disney to plan for his first feature-length
animation.[10] The feature film Walt Before Mickey, based on the book by Diane Disney Miller,
featured these moments in the studio's history.[13]
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1934–1950: Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, World War II, and package films
The studio continued releasing animated shorts and features, such as Pinocchio (1940), Fantasia
(1940), Dumbo (1941), and Bambi (1942).[10] After World War II began, box office profits declined.
When the United States entered the war after the attack on Pearl Harbor, many of Disney's animators
were drafted into the armed forces. The U.S. and Canadian governments commissioned the studio to
produce training and propaganda films. By 1942, 90 percent of its 550 employees were working on
war-related films.[17] Films such as the feature Victory Through Air Power and the short Education for
Death (both 1943) were meant to increase public support for the war effort. Even the studio's
characters joined the effort, as Donald Duck appeared in a number of comical propaganda shorts,
including the Academy Award-winning Der Fuehrer's Face (1943).
With limited staff and little operating capital during and after the war, Disney's feature films during
much of the 1940s were "package films", or collections of shorts, such as The Three Caballeros (1944)
and Melody Time (1948), which performed poorly at the box office. At the same time, the studio began
producing live-action films and documentaries. Song of the South (1946) and So Dear to My Heart
(1948) featured animated segments, while the True-Life Adventures series, which included such films
as Seal Island (1948) and The Vanishing Prairie (1954), were also popular. Eight of the films in the
series won Academy Awards.[18]
The release of Cinderella in 1950 proved that feature-length animation could still succeed in the
marketplace. Other releases of the period included Alice in Wonderland (1951) and Peter Pan (1953),
both in production before the war began, and Disney's first all-live action feature, Treasure Island
(1950). Other early all-live-action Disney films included The Story of Robin Hood and His Merrie Men
(1952), The Sword and the Rose (1953), and 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea (1954). Disney ended its
distribution contract with RKO in 1953, forming its own distribution arm, Buena Vista Distribution.[19]
In December 1950, Walt Disney Productions and the Coca-Cola Company teamed up for Disney's first
venture into television, the NBC television network special One Hour in Wonderland. In October 1954,
the ABC network launched Disney's first regular television series. In 1954, Walt Disney used his
Disneyland series to unveil what would become Disneyland, an idea conceived out of a desire for a
place where parents and children could both have fun at the same time. On July 18, 1955, Walt Disney
opened Disneyland to the general public. On July 17, 1955, Disneyland was previewed with a live
television broadcast hosted by Robert Cummings, Art Linkletter, and Ronald Reagan. After a shaky
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Disney's film studios stayed busy as well, averaging five or six releases per year during this period.
While the production of shorts slowed significantly during the 1950s and 1960s, the studio released a
number of popular animated features, like Lady and the Tramp (1955), Sleeping Beauty (1959) and
One Hundred and One Dalmatians (1961), which introduced a new xerography process to transfer the
drawings to animation cels.[22] Disney's live-action releases were spread across a number of genres,
including historical fiction (Johnny Tremain, 1957), adaptations of children's books (Pollyanna, 1960)
and modern-day comedies (The Shaggy Dog, 1959). Disney's most successful film of the 1960s was a
live action/animated musical adaptation of Mary Poppins, which was one of the all-time highest-
grossing movies[10] and received five Academy Awards, including Best Actress for Julie Andrews and
Best Song for Robert B. Sherman & Richard M. Sherman for "Chim Chim Cher-ee".[23] The theme park
design and architectural group became so integral to the Disney studio's operations that the studio
bought it on February 5, 1965, along with the WED Enterprises name.[24][25][26][27] On December 15,
1966, Walt Disney died of complications relating to lung cancer,[10] marking the end of an era for the
company.
1966–1984: Roy O. Disney's leadership and death, Walt Disney World, new
leadership, theatrical malaise
Following Walt's death, Roy O. Disney took over as chairman, CEO, and president of the company. One
of his first acts was to rename Disney World as "Walt Disney World" in honor of his brother and his
vision.[28] In 1967, the last two films Walt actively supervised were released, the animated feature The
Jungle Book[10] and the musical The Happiest Millionaire.[29] The studio released a number of
comedies in the late 1960s, including The Love Bug (1969's highest-grossing film)[10] and The
Computer Wore Tennis Shoes (1969), which starred another young Disney discovery, Kurt Russell. The
1970s opened with the release of Disney's first "post-Walt" animated feature, The Aristocats, followed
by a return to fantasy musicals in 1971's Bedknobs and Broomsticks.[10] Blackbeard's Ghost was
another successful film during this period.[10] On October 1, 1971, Walt Disney World opened to the
public, with Roy Disney dedicating the facility in person later that month.
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On December 20, 1971, Roy O. Disney died of a stroke. He left the company under the control of Donn
Tatum, Card Walker, and Walt's son-in-law Ron Miller, each trained by Walt and Roy. While Walt
Disney Productions continued releasing family-friendly films throughout the 1970s, such as Escape to
Witch Mountain (1975)[10] and Freaky Friday (1976), the films did not fare as well at the box office as
earlier material. However, the animation studio saw success with Robin Hood (1973), The Rescuers
(1977), and The Fox and the Hound (1981). As head of the studio, Miller attempted to make films to
drive the profitable teenage market who generally passed on seeing Disney films.[30] Inspired by the
popularity of Star Wars, Disney produced the science-fiction adventure The Black Hole in 1979; it cost
$20 million to make, but was lost in Star Wars' wake.[10] The Black Hole was the first Disney film to
carry a PG rating in the United States.[30][N 1] Disney dabbled in the horror genre with The Watcher in
the Woods, and financed the boldly innovative Tron; both films were released to minimal success.[10]
Disney also hired outside producers for film projects, which had never been done before in the studio's
history.[30] In 1979, Disney entered a joint venture with Paramount Pictures on the production of the
1980 film adaptation of Popeye and Dragonslayer (1981); the first time Disney collaborated with
another studio. Paramount distributed Disney films in Canada at the time, and it was hoped that
Disney's marketing prestige would help sell the two films.[30] Finally, in 1982, the Disney family sold
the naming rights and rail-based attractions to the Disney film studio for 818,461 shares of Disney
stock then worth $42.6 million none of which went to Retlaw. Also, Roy E. Disney objected to the
overvalued purchase price of the naming right and voted against the purchase as a Disney board
director.[31]
The 1983 release of Mickey's Christmas Carol began a string of successful movies, starting with Never
Cry Wolf and the Ray Bradbury adaptation Something Wicked This Way Comes.[10] The Walt Disney
Productions film division was incorporated on April 1, 1983 as Walt Disney Pictures.[32] In 1984,
Disney CEO Ron Miller created Touchstone Films as a brand for Disney to release more major motion
pictures. Touchstone's first release was the comedy Splash (1984), which was a box office success.[33]
With The Wonderful World of Disney remaining a prime-time staple, Disney returned to television in
the 1970s with syndicated programming such as the anthology series The Mouse Factory and a brief
revival of the Mickey Mouse Club. In 1980, Disney launched Walt Disney Home Video to take
advantage of the newly emerging videocassette market. On April 18, 1983, The Disney Channel debuted
as a subscription-level channel on cable systems nationwide, featuring its large library of classic films
and TV series, along with original programming and family-friendly third-party offerings.
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In 1984, financier Saul Steinberg's Reliance Group Holdings launched a hostile takeover bid for Walt
Disney Productions,[10] with the intent of selling off some of its operations.[34] Disney bought out
Reliance's 11.1% stake in the company. However, another shareholder filed suit claiming the deal
devaluated Disney's stock and for Disney management to retain their positions. The shareholder
lawsuit was settled in 1989 for a total of $45 million from Disney and Reliance.[10] Likewise in 1984,
MCA (then-parent company of Universal Studios) actually struck a deal with Disney to purchase the
company on the condition insisted by the Disney family that Disney CEO Ron W. Miller be MCA
president, but disagreements between MCA chairman Lew Wasserman and Disney over this caused the
agreement to fall through completely.[35]
With the Sid Bass family purchase of 18.7 percent of Disney, Bass and the board brought in Michael
Eisner from Paramount as CEO and Frank Wells from Warner Bros. as president. Eisner emphasized
Touchstone, with Down and Out in Beverly Hills (1985) leading to increased output with Good
Morning, Vietnam (1987), Dead Poets Society (1989), Pretty Woman (1990) and additional hits.
Eisner used expanding cable and home video markets to sign deals using Disney shows and films,
making a long-term deal with Showtime Networks for Disney/Touchstone releases through 1996 and
entering television with syndication and distribution for TV series such as The Golden Girls and Home
Improvement. Disney began limited releases of its previous films on videotapes in the late 1980s.
Eisner's Disney purchased KHJ, an independent Los Angeles TV station.[10] Organized in 1985, Silver
Screen Partners II, LP financed films for Disney with $193 million. In January 1987, Silver Screen III
began financing movies for Disney with $300 million raised, the largest amount raised for a film
financing limited partnership by E.F. Hutton.[36] Silver Screen IV was also set up to finance Disney's
studios.[37]
Buoyed by the success of Who Framed Roger Rabbit in 1988, Disney's flagship animation studio
enjoyed a series of commercial and critical successes known as the Disney Renaissance, with such films
as The Little Mermaid (1989), Beauty and the Beast (1991), Aladdin (1992), and The Lion King (1994).
In addition, the company successfully entered the field of television animation with a number of
lavishly-budgeted and acclaimed series such as Adventures of the Gummi Bears, DuckTales, Chip 'n
Dale: Rescue Rangers, Darkwing Duck, TaleSpin, Bonkers and Gargoyles.[38] Disney moved to first
place in box office receipts by 1988 and had increased revenues by 20 percent every year.[10]
In 1989, Disney signed an agreement-in-principle to acquire Jim Henson Productions from its founder,
Muppet creator Jim Henson. The deal included Henson's programming library and Muppet characters
(excluding the Muppets created for Sesame Street), as well as Jim Henson's personal creative services.
However, Henson died suddenly in May 1990 before the deal was completed, resulting in the two
companies terminating merger negotiations the following December.[39] Named the "Disney Decade"
by the company, the executive talent attempted to move the company to new heights in the 1990s with
huge changes and accomplishments.[10] In September 1990, Disney arranged for financing up to $200
million by a unit of Nomura Securities for Interscope films made for Disney. On October 23, Disney
formed Touchwood Pacific Partners which would supplant the Silver Screen Partnership series as their
movie studios' primary source of funding.[37]
In 1991, hotels, home video distribution, and Disney merchandising became 28 percent of total
company revenues while international revenues contributed 22 percent of total revenues. The company
committed its studios in the first quarter of 1991 to produce 25 films in 1992. However, 1991 saw net
income drop by 23 percent and had no growth for the year, but saw the release of Beauty and the
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Beast, winner of two Academy Awards and top-grossing film in the genre. Disney next moved into
publishing with Hyperion Books and adult music with Hollywood Records while Walt Disney
Imagineering was laying off 400 employees.[10] Disney also broadened its adult offerings in film when
then-Disney Studio Chairman Jeffrey Katzenberg acquired Miramax Films in 1993. That same year
Disney created the NHL team the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim, named after the 1992 hit film of the same
name. Disney purchased a minority stake in the Anaheim Angels baseball team around the same
time.[10]
Wells was killed in a helicopter crash in 1994.[10] Shortly thereafter, Katzenberg resigned and formed
DreamWorks SKG because Eisner would not appoint Katzenberg to Wells' now-available post
(Katzenberg had also sued over the terms of his contract).[10] Instead, Eisner recruited his friend
Michael Ovitz, one of the founders of the Creative Artists Agency, to be President, with minimal
involvement from Disney's board of directors (which at the time included Oscar-winning actor Sidney
Poitier, Hilton Hotels Corporation CEO Stephen Bollenbach, former U.S. Senator George Mitchell, Yale
dean Robert A. M. Stern, and Eisner's predecessors Raymond Watson and Card Walker). Ovitz lasted
only 14 months and left Disney in December 1996 via a "no fault termination" with a severance package
of $38 million in cash and 3 million stock options worth roughly $100 million at the time of Ovitz's
departure. The Ovitz episode engendered a long-running derivative suit, which finally concluded in
June 2006, almost 10 years later. Chancellor William B. Chandler III of the Delaware Court of
Chancery, despite describing Eisner's behavior as falling "far short of what shareholders expect and
demand from those entrusted with a fiduciary position..." found in favor of Eisner and the rest of the
Disney board because they had not violated the letter of the law (namely, the duty of care owed by a
corporation's officers and board to its shareholders).[40] Eisner later said, in a 2016 interview with The
Hollywood Reporter, that he regretted letting Ovitz go.[41]
Disney, which had taken control of the Anaheim Angels in 1996, purchased a majority stake in the
team in 1998. That same year, Disney began a move into the Internet field with the purchase of
Starwave and 43 percent of Infoseek. In 1999, Disney purchased the remaining shares of Infoseek and
launched the Go Network portal in January. Disney also launched its cruise line with the christening of
Disney Magic and a sister ship, Disney Wonder.[10] The Katzenberg case dragged on as his contract
included a portion of the film revenue from ancillary markets forever. Katzenberg had offered $100
million to settle the case, but Eisner felt the original claim amount of about half a billion too much, but
then the ancillary market clause was found. Disney lawyers tried to indicate a decline situation which
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reveal some of the problems in the company. ABC had declining rating and increasing costs while the
film segment had two film failures. While neither party revealed the settlement amount, it is estimated
at $200 million.[10]
The year 2001 was one of cost-cutting, laying off 4,000 employees, Disney parks operations decreased,
slashing annual live-action film investment, and minimizing Internet operations, mainly due to the
September 11 attacks, which led to a decline in vacation travel and the early 2000s recession led to a
decrease in ABC revenue. While 2002 revenue had a small decrease from 2001 with the cost-cutting,
net income rose to $1.2 billion with two creative film releases. In 2003, Disney became the first studio
to record over $3 billion in worldwide box office receipts.[10] Eisner did not want the board to
renominate Roy E. Disney, the son of Disney co-founder Roy O. Disney, as a board director citing his
age of 72 as a required retirement age. Stanley Gold responded by resigning from the board and
requesting the other board members oust Eisner.[10] On November 30, 2003, Disney resigned from his
positions as the company's vice chairman and chairman of Walt Disney Feature Animation,[ChWDC 9]
accusing Eisner of micromanagement, failures with the ABC television network, timidity in the theme
park business, turning The Walt Disney Company into a "rapacious, soul-less" company, and refusing
to establish a clear succession plan, as well as a string of box office film flops starting in the year 2000.
On August 9, 2002, Disney said it was expressing great interest in buying Universal Studios whose
parent company Vivendi started a bidding war after inheriting $17.9 billion in debt by its purchase of
the famed major film studio from Seagram for $34 billion.[46] In addition, Universal Orlando's Islands
of Adventure was struggling to deal with catastrophically low attendance since the park's opening in
1999, and the September 11 attacks in 2001 caused a dip of Universal Parks and Resorts' tourism
attendance worldwide. As a result, Vivendi lacked the interest in investing in the Universal parks more
meaningfully and may have been one of the reasons for selling off Universal.[47] Analysts speculated
that Universal would have to be available at a bargain price to justify such a deal. "Owning more theme
parks could make Disney even more cyclical because that's a cyclical business," said Katherine
Styponias of Prudential Securities.[46] Despite this, Disney didn't succeed in pursuing a takeover for
various reasons, owing to its stock price at a 52-week-low and the likelihood of the Disney/Universal
deal being blocked on antitrust grounds (e.g. less innovation in theme parks, higher prices for hotel
rooms, the growing power of box office market share, etc.).[47]
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In February 2006, Disney acquired the rights to Oswald the Lucky Rabbit from NBC Universal
(including the character's intellectual property and the 27 Oswald cartoons produced by Walt Disney)
as part of an exchange of minor assets. In return, Disney released sportscaster Al Michaels from his
contracts with ABC Sports and ESPN, so he could join NBC Sports and his long-time partner John
Madden for NBC's new NFL Sunday Night Football.[53] In April 2007, the Muppets Holding Company
was moved from Disney Consumer Products to the Walt Disney Studios division and renamed The
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Muppets Studio, as part of efforts to re-launch the division.[54][48] In February 2007, the company was
accused of human rights violations regarding the working conditions in factories that produce their
merchandise.[55][56]
In April 2011, Disney broke ground on Shanghai Disney Resort. Costing $4.4 billion, the resort opened
on June 16, 2016.[63] Later, in August 2011, Bob Iger stated on a conference call that after the success
of the Pixar and Marvel purchases, he and the Walt Disney Company are looking to "buy either new
characters or businesses that are capable of creating great characters and great stories."[64] Later, in
early February 2012, Disney completed its acquisition of UTV Software Communications, expanding
their market further into India and Asia.[65] On October 30, 2012, Disney announced plans to acquire
Lucasfilm in a deal valued at $4.05 billion. Disney announced an intent to leverage the Star Wars
franchise across its divisions, and planned to produce a seventh installment in the main film franchise
for release in 2015.[66][67] The sale was completed on December 21, 2012.[68] On March 24, 2014,
Disney acquired Maker Studios, an active multi-channel network on YouTube, for $500 million.[69]
The company was later turned into a new venture called Disney Digital Network in May 2017.[70]
On February 5, 2015, it was announced that Tom Staggs had been promoted to COO.[71] On April 4,
2016, Disney announced that Staggs and the company had mutually agreed to part ways, effective May
2016, ending his 26-year career with the company.[72] In August 2016, Disney acquired a 33 percent
stake in BAMTech, a streaming media provider spun out from Major League Baseball's media division.
The company announced plans to eventually use its infrastructure for an ESPN over-the-top
service.[73][74]
In September 2016, Disney considered purchasing the American online news and social networking
service Twitter,[75][76] but they dropped out partly due to concerns over abuse and harassment on the
service.[77][78][79]
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On March 23, 2017, Disney announced that Iger had agreed to a one-year extension of his term as CEO
through July 2, 2019, and had agreed to remain with the company as a consultant for three years after
stepping down.[80][81] In August 2017, Disney announced that it had exercised an option to increase its
stake in BAMTech to 75 percent, and would launch a subscription video-on-demand service featuring
its entertainment content in 2019, which will replace Netflix as the subscription VOD rights holder of
all Disney theatrical film releases.[82][83] In November 2017, Lasseter announced that he was taking a
six-month leave of absence from Pixar and Disney Animation after acknowledging "missteps" in his
behavior with employees in a memo to staff. According to various news outlets, Lasseter had a history
of alleged sexual misconduct towards employees.[84][85]
Beginning in March 2018, a strategic reorganization of the company saw the creation of two business
segments, Disney Parks, Experiences and Products and Direct-to-Consumer & International. Parks &
Consumer Products was primarily a merger of Parks & Resorts and Consumer Products & Interactive
Media. While Direct-to-Consumer & International took over for Disney International and global sales,
distribution and streaming units from Disney-ABC TV Group and Studios Entertainment plus Disney
Digital Network.[96] Given that CEO Iger described it as "strategically positioning our businesses for
the future", The New York Times considered the reorganization done in expectation of the 21st Century
Fox purchase.[97]
On February 25, 2020, Disney named Bob Chapek as CEO to succeed Iger, effective immediately. Iger
assumed the role of Executive Chairman, under which he would oversee the creative side of the
company, while also continuing to serve as Chairman of the Board during the transition period through
2021.[98][99]
In April 2020, Iger resumed operational duties of the company as executive chairman to help the
company during the COVID-19 pandemic and Chapek was appointed to the board of directors.[100][101]
Also in the month, the company announced that it would suspend pay to more than 100,000
employees ("cast members") at Disney Parks, Experiences and Products in response to the COVID-19
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Due to the closure of Disney parks during the COVID-19 pandemic, Disney experienced a 63 percent
drop in earnings for the fiscal second quarter of 2020, resulting in a loss of $1.4 billion for the
company. Additionally, the Parks, Experiences, and Products division experienced a loss of $1 billion in
revenue.[103] In September 2020, the company announced that it will be laying off 28,000 employees
in Florida and California. According to Disney's park chairman, Josh D'Amaro, "We initially hoped that
this situation would be shortlived and that we would recover quickly and return to normal. Seven
months later, we find that has not been the case." According to D’Amaro, two-thirds of the employees
reported to be laid off were part-time workers.[104] Then in November, Disney planned to cut 4000
jobs more than announced until the end of March 2021.[105]
In December 2020, Disney named Alan Bergman as chairman of its Disney Studios Content division to
oversee its film studios.[106] In March 2021, Disney announced a new division, 20th Television
Animation, that would focus on adult animation.[107]
Company units
The Walt Disney Company operates five primary business segments (two primary divisions and three
content groups):[108]
Divisions
Disney Media and Entertainment Distribution (DMED)[109] is responsible for all global
distribution, operations, sales, advertising, data, and technology functions for the company's three
content production groups (listed below), as well as management of the company’s direct-to-
consumer businesses, including its multiple streaming services (Disney+, Hulu, and ESPN+),
theatrical exhibition unit, home media distribution, Disney Music Group, domestic television
networks, and international holdings such as Star India.[108][110] The division is led by Kareem
Daniel.[108]
Disney Parks, Experiences, and Products (DPEP) includes the company's theme parks, cruise
line, travel-related assets, consumer products, and publishing divisions. Disney's resorts and
diversified related holdings include: Walt Disney World, Disneyland Resort, Tokyo Disney Resort,
Disneyland Paris, Hong Kong Disneyland Resort, Shanghai Disney Resort, Disney Vacation Club,
Disney Cruise Line, and Adventures by Disney.[111] The division is led by Josh D'Amaro.[108]
Content groups
The Walt Disney Studios consists of the company's filmed entertainment and theatrical
entertainment businesses, including Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Animation Studios, Pixar,
Marvel Studios, Lucasfilm, 20th Century Studios, Searchlight Pictures, Disneynature, and Disney
Theatrical Group. The division is led by Alan Bergman.[108]
Disney General Entertainment Content (DGE)[109] consists of the company's entertainment-
centric television channels and production companies in the United States, including Walt Disney
Television (consisting of the ABC television network, Disney Television Studios – ABC Signature,
20th Television and 20th Television Animation, ABC Owned Television Stations and Freeform),
Disney Branded Television, FX Networks, ABC News and 73% ownership of National Geographic
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Partners.[112] The division also owns 50% of A&E Networks with Hearst Communications. The
division is led by Peter Rice.[108]
ESPN and Sports Content focuses on ESPN's live sports programming, as well as sports news
and original and non-scripted sports-related content, for the cable channels, ESPN+, and ABC.[113]
The division is led by James Pitaro.[108]
In addition, Marvel Entertainment is a business reporting directly to the CEO; its financial results are
primarily divided between the Studios and Consumer Products segments.[114]
Executive management
Executive chairmen
Chairmen
Walt Disney stepped down as chairman in 1960 to focus more on the creative aspects of the company,
becoming the "executive producer in charge of all production."[115]
Vice chairmen
Presidents
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Financial data
Revenues
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Annual gross revenues of The Walt Disney Company (in millions USD)
Disney Disney
Studio Parks & Disney Media
Year Consumer Interactive Total Source
Entertainment[NI 1] Resorts[NI 4] Networks[NI 5]
Products[NI 2] Media[NI 3][Rev 1]
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Annual gross revenues of The Walt Disney Company (Re-segmented) (in millions USD)
Direct-to- Parks, Media
Studio
Year Consumer & Experiences and Total Source
Entertainment Networks[NI 5]
International Products
Disney ranked No. 55 in the 2018 Fortune 500 list of the largest United States corporations by total
revenue.[141]
1. Disney Interactive Media Group, starting in 2008 with the merge of WDIG and Disney Interactive
Studios
2. Following the purchase of Capital Cities/ABC Inc.
Operating income
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Annual Operating income of The Walt Disney Company (in millions USD)
Disney Disney
Studio Parks and Disney Media
Year Consumer Interactive Total Source
Entertainment[NI 1] Resorts[NI 4] Networks[NI 5]
Products[NI 2] Media[NI 3]
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Annual Operating income of The Walt Disney Company (Re-segmented) (in millions USD)
Parks,
Direct-to-
Studio Experiences Disney Media
Year Consumer & Total Source
Entertainment and Networks
International
Products
See also
Lists of films released by Disney
List of Disney television series
Disney University
Disneyfication
Buena Vista
Mandeville-Anthony v. The Walt Disney Company, a federal court case in which Mandeville
claimed Disney infringed on his copyrighted ideas by creating Cars
List of conglomerates
Criticism of The Walt Disney Company
List of acquisitions by Disney
Explanatory notes
1. Although Disney released a PG-rated film, Take Down, prior to the release of The Black Hole, they
did not make the film; it was a pickup from independent producers.
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Further reading
Disney Stories: Getting to Digital, Newton Lee and Krystina Madej (New York: Springer
Science+Business Media, 2012), ISBN 978-1-4614-2100-9.
A View Inside Disney, Tayler Hughes, 2014 Slumped (https://web.archive.org/web/2014080122144
5/http://slumped.co.uk/news/8646-lets-get-animated-a-view-inside-disney)
The Animated Man: A Life of Walt Disney, Michael Barrier, 2007
Building a Company: Roy O. Disney and the Creation of an Entertainment Empire, Bob Thomas,
1998
Building a Dream; The Art of Disney Architecture, Beth Dunlop, 1996, ISBN 0-8109-3142-7
Cult of the Mouse: Can We Stop Corporate Greed from Killing Innovation in America?, Henry M.
Caroselli, 2004, Ten Speed Press
Disney: The Mouse Betrayed, Peter Schweizer
Disney A to Z (Fifth Edition) : The Official Encyclopedia, Dave Smith. 5th edition Disney Editions,
2016 ISBN 1-4847-3783-0.
The Disney Touch: How a Daring Management Team Revived an Entertainment Empire, by Ron
Grover (Richard D. Irwin, Inc., 1991), ISBN 1-55623-385-X
The Disney Version: The Life, Times, Art and Commerce of Walt Disney, Richard Schickel, 1968,
revised 1997
Disneyana: Walt Disney Collectibles, Cecil Munsey, 1974
Disneyization of Society: Alan Bryman, 2004
DisneyWar, James B. Stewart, Simon & Schuster, 2005, ISBN 0-684-80993-1
Donald Duck Joins Up; the Walt Disney Studio During World War II, Richard Shale, 1982
How to Read Donald Duck: Imperialist Ideology in the Disney Comic ISBN 0-88477-023-0 (Marxist
Critique) Ariel Dorfman, Armand Mattelart, David Kunzle (translator).
Inside the Dream: The Personal Story of Walt Disney, Katherine Greene & Richard Greene, 2001
The Keys to the Kingdom: How Michael Eisner Lost His Grip, Kim Masters (Morrow, 2000)
The Man Behind the Magic; the Story of Walt Disney, Katherine & Richard Greene, 1991, revised
1998, ISBN 0-7868-5350-6
Married to the Mouse, Richard E. Foglesorg, Yale University Press
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Walt_Disney_Company 32/33
9/20/2021 The Walt Disney Company - Wikipedia
Mouse Tales: A Behind-the-Ears Look at Disneyland, David Koenig, 1994, revised 2005, ISBN 0-
9640605-4-X
Mouse Tracks: The Story of Walt Disney Records, Tim Hollis and Greg Ehrbar, 2006, ISBN 1-
57806-849-5
Storming the Magic Kingdom: Wall Street, the raiders, and the battle for Disney, John Taylor, 1987
New York Times (https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B0DE1DD1F3FF937A35756C0
A961948260)
The Story of Walt Disney, Diane Disney Miller & Pete Martin, 1957
Team Rodent, Carl Hiaasen.
Walt Disney: An American Original, Bob Thomas, 1976, revised 1994, ISBN 0-671-22332-1
Work in Progress by Michael Eisner with Tony Schwartz (Random House, 1998), ISBN 978-0-375-
50071-8
External links
Official website (https://thewaltdisneycompany.com)
The Walt Disney Company companies (https://opencorporates.com/corporate_groupings/Disney)
grouped at OpenCorporates
Business data for Walt Disney: Google Finance (https://www.google.com/finance?q=DIS) · Yahoo!
Finance (https://finance.yahoo.com/q?s=DIS) · Bloomberg (https://www.bloomberg.com/quote/DIS:
US) · Reuters (https://www.reuters.com/finance/stocks/overview?symbol=DIS.N) · SEC filings (http
s://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&CIK=DIS)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Walt_Disney_Company 33/33