Jawahar navodaya vidyalaya

Sadhi,vadodara

Physic
s investigatory project
Name :- Shivkumar
Kachhela
Class :- XII Roll no. :-1238
Guided by :- Sh..Santosh
Bahuguna

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Shivkumar Kachhela of

class XII has successfully completed the project
on PHYSICS for class XII practical examination
of the central board of secondary education in
year 2021-22.

Sign. of Principal :
Sign. of subject teacher :

Sign. of Examiner :

ACKNOWLEDGEMEN
T

I would like to express my special thanks of

gratitude to my physics teacher
“Sh.Santosh Bahuguna” for their able to
guidance and support in completing my
project.
I would like to extend my gratitude to the
principal “S.K.DAMOR” for providing me
all the facility that was required.

INDEX
 CERTIFICATE
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
 AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT
 APPARATUS REQUIRED
 THEORY
  PROCEDURE
 OBSERVATIONS
 CONCLUSIONS
 PRECAUTIONS
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Aim of the Experiment

1. To determine the reduction factor of the given
tangent galvanometer (K).
2. To find out the horizontal component of earth’s
magnetic field (Bh).

Apparatus Required
  Key
 Battery
  Ammeter
 Rheostat
 Commutator
 Tangent Galvanometer

Theory
Tangent galvanometer is an early measuring instrument
for small electric currents. It consists of a coil of insulated
copper wire wound on a circular non-magnetic frame. Its
working is based on the principle of the tangent law of
magnetism. When a current is passed through the circular
coil, a magnetic field (B) is produced at the center of the
coil in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the coil.
The TG is arranged in such a way that the horizontal
component of earth’s magnetic field (Bh) is in the
direction of the plane of the coil. The magnetic needle is
then under the action of two mutually perpendicular
fields. If θ is the deflection of the needle, then according
to tangent law,
Let I is the current passing through the coil of radius a
with n turns, then the field generated by the current
carrying circular coil is,

The left hand side of equation (4) is a constant and is

called the reduction factor (K) of the given tangent
galvanometer.
Now from equation (3) & (5), the horizontal intensity of
earth’s magnetic field Bh is,
 Procedure
1.Ta Connections are made as shown in the
figure given below, where K is the key, E
the battery, A the ammeter, R the rheostat,
C the commutator, and T.G the tangent
galvanometer. The commutator can reverse
the current through the T.G coil without
changing the current in the rest of the
circuit. Taking the average of the resulting
two readings for deflection averages out,
any small error in positioning the TG coil
relative to the earth’s magnetic field Bh .

The initial adjustments are done as follows:

• The plane of the coil is made vertical by adjusting
the levelling screws.
• The compass box alone is rotated so that the 90-90
line in the compass box is in the plane of the coil.
• The T.G as a whole is rotated till the Aluminium
pointer reads 0-0.
• Note down the number of turns in the coil.
• A suitable current is allowed to pass through the
coil.
• Note down the currrent as well as the deflection in
T.G.
• Reverse the current and note the deflection again.
• Repeat the procedure for different values of
current.
• Measure the radius of the coil from its perimeter.
• Determine the reduction factor and horizontal
intensity of earth's magnetic field.
ke a coil of wire having a large number of turns.

2. Connect the end of the coil to a galvanometer.

3. Take a strong bar magnet and move its north pole
into the coil and observe the changes in the
galvanometer needle.

4. Repeat earlier step with the south pole of the bar

magnet.

5. Now repeat the procedure with the coil having a

different number of turns and the variation in the
deflection of the galvanometer needle.

Observation
Number of turns in the coil =....
Circumference of the coil, «math
xmlns=¨http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/Mat
hML¨»«mn»2«/mn»«mi»§#960;«/mi»«mi»a
«/mi»«/math»=......cm
Radius of the coil, a =....cm
1. To determine the horizontal component of
earth’s magnetic field (Bh):
The Horizontal component of earth's
magnetic field (Bh) can be calculated using
the formula,

2. To determine the reduction factor of T.G:

Note: Take deflection between 30 and 60
degrees.
From graph:
Reduction factor K of the tangent galvanometer
can be detremined.
From the graph drawn as,
K = AB / BC
Conclusion
this experiment is  to measure
the horizontal and vertical
components of the earth's
magnetic field. We will
accomplish this by using a
tangent galvanometer, an
 instrument which preceded the
modern ammeter.

Result:
The reduction factor of the given tangent
galvanometer, K =............A
Horizontal component of earth’s magnetic field,
Bh =...........T

Bibliography
 www.google.com
 www.cbse.nic.in
 NCERT BOOK
 Wikipedia.com