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Name Egypt

Graphic Sources
s Graphic sources are used to show information visually. Maps, charts, graphs, pictures, and
schedules are some examples of graphic sources.

$IRECTIONS Study the following graphic source. Then answer the questions below.

Petronas Tower: Kuala Lumpur, 1998

452 m
Eiffel Tower: Paris, 1889
324 m
Great Pyramid: Giza, about 2600 B.C.
147 m
Big Ben: London, 1856
96 m
Taj Mahal: Agra, 1648
74 m
Leaning Tower of Pisa: Pisa, about 1350
56 m
Statue of Liberty: New York, 1886
46 m

 Which is the tallest of these famous structures? Which is the oldest?

 Which is the second tallest? the third?

 The Great Pyramid in Egypt was the world’s tallest structure for 4,000 years. How tall is the
Great Pyramid?

 How does the Great Pyramid compare with the Statue of Liberty and Big Ben? Be specific.
© Pearson Education, Inc., 6

 Write a one-sentence summary of what this graphic source shows.

Home Activity Your child used a graphic source to answer questions. Work together to identify the purpose
of a graphic source in a magazine. Challenge your child to answer questions based on the graphic source.

Reader’s and Writer’s Notebook Unit 2 Comprehension 153

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Name
Writing t Advertisement
Key Features of an Advertisement
r
USJFT
UP
DPOWJODF
PUIFST
PG
B
WBMVF
PG
B
QSPEVDU
r
NBZ
CF
HFBSFE
UPXBSE
TQFDJGJD
QVSQPTFT
PS
HSPVQT
r
VTFT
EFTDSJQUJWF
MBOHVBHF
A Bed Fit for a Pharoah
O wn the bed that has been the choice
of pharaohs for dynasty after
dynasty! Wouldn’t you love to slumber on a
bed made of pure gold, like the ones used
by Tutankhaten and other pharaohs of our
beloved Egypt? Well, now you can! They
are now available for a short time from
All That Glitters.
The pharaohs not only sleep on their
golden beds every day of their lives, but
they also make sure that the beds are
placed in burial chambers so the deceased
ruler can sleep in luxury for all eternity.
Although we cannot guarantee these
1. What is the author’s purpose?
2. The author used paragraphs to organize this advertisement. Write the main idea of each
paragraph.
154 Writing Advertisement
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Egypt
extraordinary beds for eternity, we will
assure you the rest of a lifetime!
Each “All That Glitters” bed is made
of solid gold. The exquisitely crafted
headboards are decorated with precious
ivory and brilliant gems. The legs of the
bed frame are extra long. This feature
allows for valuable storage needed in a
burial chamber.
If you order a Pharaoh-size or the
Queen-size “All That Glitters” bed by the
end of the month, we will include a set of
linen sheets absolutely free!
© Pearson Education, Inc., 6
Reader’s and Writer’s Notebook Unit 2
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Name Egypt

Vocabulary
$IRECTIONS Choose the word from the box that best matches each definition below. Write the word on
the line.

 more than enough; very plentiful

Check the Words
You Know
 living forever; never dying
abundant
 moved backward artifacts
decrees
 ruled eternity
immortal
 all time; time without beginning receded
or ending reigned

$IRECTIONS Choose the word from the box that best matches each clue.
Write the word on the line.

 This is the longest possible period of time.

 This is what kings and pharaohs did.

 This describes gods rather than people.

 These are made by kings or other authorities.

 Tools, art, and weapons from a past civilization are examples
of this.

Write a Narrative
On a separate sheet of paper write a narrative about a ruler from ancient times. Use as many
vocabulary words as you can.
© Pearson Education, Inc., 6

Home Activity Your child identified and used vocabulary words from Egypt. Read a story or nonfiction
article about Egypt together. Point out unfamiliar words concerning details about the country and its people.
Use the context to try to figure out what the words mean.

Reader’s and Writer’s Notebook Unit 2 Vocabulary 155

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Name Egypt

Past, Present, and Future Tenses

The TENSE of a verb shows when something happens. Verbs in the PRESENTTENSE show action
that happens now. Most present tense singular verbs end with S. Most present tense plural verbs
do not end with S.
Callie keeps her makeup in little jars. They keep the makeup fresh.
Verbs in the PASTTENSE show action that has already happened. Most verbs in the past tense end
in ED.
She brushed on two coats of mascara.
Verbs in the FUTURETENSE show action that will happen. Add WILL (or SHALL) to most verbs to
show the future tense.
Heat will make mascara run.

s 3
OMEREGULARVERBSCHANGESPELLINGWHEN ED is added. For verbs ending in E, drop the E and
add ED: LOVEDHOPED. For verbs ending in a consonant and Y, change the Y to I, and add ED:
CRIEDMARRIED.
s &ORMOSTONE SYLLABLEVERBSTHATENDINONEVOWELFOLLOWEDBYONECONSONANTDOUBLETHE
consonant and add ED: HOPPEDGRABBED.
s )RREGULARVERBSCHANGESPELLINGTOFORMTHEPASTTENSEAREWEREBREAKBROKEBRINGBROUGHT
BUILDBUILTBUYBOUGHTDODIDFINDFOUNDGOWENTHAVEHADISWASKEEPKEPTMAKEMADE
RINGRANGSITSATSEESAWTAKETOOKTEACHTAUGHTTELLTOLDWEARWOREWRITEWROTE.

$IRECTIONS )DENTIFYTHETENSEOFEACHUNDERLINEDVERB7RITEPRESENTPAST or FUTURE.

 Hieroglyphics tell us about ancient Egypt.

 Archaeologists will search for artifacts.
 2AMSES))isAWELL KNOWNPHARAOH

 Pharaohs built huge statues.

 Egypt was a major world power in 1500 B.C. © Pearson Education, Inc., 6

$IRECTIONS 7RITETHECORRECTPRESENTPASTANDFUTURETENSEOFEACHVERB

6ERB 0RESENT 0AST &UTURE

 FIND )  )  ) .

 sit She . She . She .

 CARRY 7E  7E  7E .

Home Activity Your child learned about past, present, and future tenses. Have your child write three
sentences about Egypt using a present tense verb, a past tense verb, and a future tense verb and
identifying each.

156 Conventions Past, Present, and Future Tenses Reader’s and Writer’s Notebook Unit 2

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Hj[[^mZh"^Vc!"Vci!"Zci!"^hi
HeZaa^c\LdgYh
musician politician novelist scientist historian
tenant student patient resident comedian
vegetarian soloist specialist motorist merchant
participant occupant custodian descendant chemist

7ORD#LUES Write the list word that identifies the speaker of each statement below.
 “I believe this chemical compound will lead to a cure.”  ___________________
 “I believe a healthy diet is one that does not include meat.”  ___________________
 “I love driving to work.”  ___________________
 “I clean up at night after everyone else has gone home.”  ___________________
 “I sell a wide variety of things in my shop.”  ___________________
 “My new apartment is much bigger than the last one.”  ___________________
 “I think my new jokes are the best ever.”  ___________________
 “I practice on my instrument an hour every day.”  ___________________
 “I have to stay in the hospital one more day.”  ___________________
 “I believe I can win this election.”  ___________________
 “School starts next week.”  ___________________
 “I have been working on this book for two years.”  ___________________
7ORD-EANINGS Write a list word that matches each definition.
 a person born of a certain family or group  ___________________
 a person who writes about history  ___________________
© Pearson Education, Inc., 6

 a person who sings or plays an instrument alone  ___________________

 a person who has expert knowledge of some branch of science  ___________________
 a person who lives in a certain area  ___________________
 a person who is an expert in a particular subject  ___________________
 a person who takes up a certain space  ___________________
 a person who joins in on an activity  ___________________

Home Activity Your child spelled words with -ian, -ant, -ent, and -ist. Say a word from the list and ask your
child to define what that person does.

Reader’s and Writer’s Notebook Unit 2 Spelling Suffixes -ian, -ant, -ent, -ist 157

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Name Egypt

Djia^cZ
Title

I.

A.
1.
2.
3.

B.
1.
2.

II.
A.
B.

III.

© Pearson Education, Inc., 6

158 Writing Reader’s and Writer’s Notebook Unit 2

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Vocabulary s Greek and Latin Roots

s 7HENYOUAREREADINGANDSEEANUNFAMILIARWORDCHECKTOSEEIFYOURECOGNIZEANYGreek or
Latin roots4HESECANHELPYOUFIGUREOUTTHEWORDSMEANING
s ,ATINROOTSINCLUDEarsFORhSKILLKNOWLEDGEvfactumFORhMADEvcedereFORhTOGOAWAYv
abundareFORhABOUNDvregnareFORhTORULEvANDmortisFORhDEATHv

$IRECTIONS Read the following passage. Then answer the questions below.

W hen the flood waters receded, the

archaeologists started to dig along
the Nile River. Their efforts were richly
rewarded. They found abundant artifacts
from an ancient civilization. Much of the
jewelry and artwork dated back to the time
when pharaohs reigned over the lands. The
pharaohs’ tombs contained gifts pharaohs
had made to the gods in an attempt to
become immortal and live for eternity.

 How does knowing the Latin root CEDERE help you to determine the meaning of RECEDED

 Which Latin root do you think ABUNDANT comes from? How does this root help you to
determine the meaning?

 How does the meaning of ARTIFACTS combine the meanings of two roots, ARS and FACTUM

 How would using Latin roots help you determine the meaning of the word REIGNED
© Pearson Education, Inc., 6

 )MMORTAL combines the prefix IM  meaning “not,” with the Latin root MORTIS. How can this
word structure help you to determine the meaning of the word?

Home Activity9OURCHILDIDENTIFIEDANDUSED,ATINROOTSTOUNDERSTANDNEWWORDSOFAPASSAGE7ORKWITH
YOURCHILDTOIDENTIFYUNFAMILIARWORDSOFANARTICLE4HENSEEIFHEORSHERECOGNIZESANY,ATINROOTSTHATCAN
HELPINUNDERSTANDINGTHENEWWORDS#ONFIRMTHEMEANINGSWITHYOURCHILD

Reader’s and Writer’s Notebook Unit 2 Vocabulary 159

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Name Egypt

Reference Book
A reference book is a kind of manual. A manual usually contains instructions for immediate use or
for reference. It usually has a table of contents, an index, sections, illustrations, and explanations.

$IRECTIONS Use this excerpt from a grammar reference book to answer the questions.

3IMPLE4ENSES )RREGULAR6ERBS
Verbs have three simple tenses: present, )RREGULARVERBS do not follow the usual
past, and future. pattern for past tense. These are some
0RESENTTENSE of a verb is the same as examples of irregular verbs:
bring/brought sing/sang
the name of the verb.
write/wrote eat/ate
try jump use
0ASTTENSE for regular verbs is formed Learn irregular verbs. You can also
by adding D or ED (Sometimes the find verb forms for irregular verbs in a
spelling changes.) dictionary. These are common irregular
tried jumped used verbs:
begin fall know see
&UTURETENSE is formed by placing WILL break go lie speak
or SHALL before the present tense verb. come have ride take
will try shall jump will use drink hide ring throw

 Which sections of the grammar reference book are shown here?

 What might you look up in the index to find this information?

 What does this manual tell you about how to form the past tense of a regular verb?

© Pearson Education, Inc., 6

 If you wanted to know what irregular verbs were, what could you learn from this manual? What
are four examples of irregular verbs?

 Would a grammar reference book be a good source to find information about how to study for
English tests? Explain.

160 Research and Study Skills Reader’s and Writer’s Notebook Unit 2

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Name Egypt

$IRECTIONS Use this excerpt from a manual to answer the questions.

(OWTO2EAD(IEROGLYPHICS  Alphabet signs — Each symbol

Hieroglyphics is the ancient Egyptian
system of writing. You can learn to read
hieroglyphics yourself.
Sometimes hieroglyphic writing is
supposed to be read from left to right, and
sometimes it’s supposed to be read from
right to left. You can always tell which
way to read a set of hieroglyphics because
the animal and people symbols face
toward the beginning.
In hieroglyphics, some symbols are
picture symbols and others are sound
symbols. These are the four types of
symbols you’ll find:
represents a sound. Some Egyptian signs
such as TH and KH differ from English
sounds.
 Syllable signs — These represent
combinations of consonant sounds.
 Word pictures —These are pictures
used as the signs for objects.
 Determiners — These give the reader
clues to how a sign is being used.
Consult the charts in this manual
for alphabet signs, syllable signs, word
pictures, and determiners. If you put
sounds and pictures together, you’ll have a
good idea of how to read hieroglyphics.

 Which section of the manual is shown here? What would you look up in the index to find this
information?

 Which way should you read hieroglyphics—left to right or right to left?

 Which hieroglyphic signs are pictures of what they represent?

© Pearson Education, Inc., 6

 Which hieroglyphic signs represent a single sound?

 Summarize the instructions in this manual section.

Home Activity Your child learned about using grammar reference books and manuals as resources. Look
at a grammar reference book together. Ask your child to locate information and examples of the following:
possessives, clauses, and pronouns.

Reader’s and Writer’s Notebook Unit 2 Research and Study Skills 161

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Name Egypt

Hj[[^mZh"^Vc!"Vci!"Zci!"^hi
0ROOFREADA3CENE Circle six spelling errors in this scene from a play.
Write the words correctly. Find a sentence with a punctuation error. HeZaa^c\LdgYh
HeZaa^c\LdgYh
Write it correctly on the line. musician
politician
Food Festival novelist
scientist
Beth: I think the studant Heritage Food Festival will be fun.
historian
Luke: I’m glad to, be a particapent. I enjoy tasting tenant
diffrent foods. student
Kathleen: Beth, your family’s from Louisiana, right? patient
resident
Beth: Yes. I’m a descendant of Cajun people. comedian
Luke: So what are you bringing to the food festival?
vegetarian
Beth: A pot of gumbo. It’s a soup made with chicken, rice, soloist
okra, and lots of other stuff. You practically have to be a specialist
chemust to make it, but my mom is a real specialist. motorist
Kathleen: What are you bringing, Luke? merchant
participant
Luke: My grandfather was a residant of Mexico, so I’m
occupant
bringing tamales and refried beans.
custodian
Kathleen: My mother’s a vegeterien, so we’re making a descendant
vegetable lasagna. chemist

 ________________  _________________ ;gZfjZcian

B^hheZaaZY
 ________________  _________________ LdgYh

 ________________  _________________ different

 ___________________________________________________________ except
© Pearson Education, Inc., 6

0ROOFREAD7ORDS Circle the word that is spelled correctly. Write it.

 soloist soloest  ________________
 occupent occupant  ________________
 scientist sciuntist  ________________
 custodian custodien  ________________
 merchent merchant  ________________

Home Activity Your child identified misspelled words with the suffixes -ian, -ant, -ent, and -ist.
Ask your child to explain the difference between words with similar meanings, such as chemist
and scientist, and musician and soloist.

162 Spelling Suffixes -ian, -ant, -ent, -ist Reader’s and Writer’s Notebook Unit 2

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Past, Present, and Future Tenses

Directions Read the passage. Then read each question. Circle the letter of the correct answer.

The New Nutrition

(1) Birthday cupcakes are not okay. (2) Neither is soda. (3) Students pizza
from the menu. (4) Potato chips will not be on the menu unless they are baked.
(5) Schools more new nutrition guidelines. (6) In the past, students bought
jelly beans and other types of candy in school vending machines. (7) The new
guidelines prohibit these snacks. (8) As these guidelines take hold, many students
how much better they feel when they eat less junk food.

1 What is the verb tense in sentence 1? 4 What is the verb tense in sentence 6?
A Past A Future
B Present B Past
C Future C Present
D There is no verb. D There is no verb.

2 Which future tense form of enjoy best 5 Which form of the verb best completes
completes sentence 3? sentence 8?
A will enjoy A learned
B have enjoyed B learn
C enjoy C learning
D Make no change D will learn

3 Which future tense form of follow best

completes sentence 5?
A follow
© Pearson Education, Inc., 6

B followed
C will follow
D are following

Home Activity Your child prepared for taking tests on past, present, and future tenses. List take, make,
build, and are on paper. Have your child write the past and future tenses for each verb.

Reader’s and Writer’s Notebook Unit 2 Conventions Past, Present, and Future Tenses 163

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