8

SCIENCE
Quarter 2 – Module 2
Earthquake, Tsunami and Earth’s
Interior
Science – Grade 8
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 2: Earthquake, Tsunami and Earth’s Interior
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education – Division of Gingoog City

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 8

Science
Quarter 2 - Module 2
Earthquake, Tsunami and
Earth’s Interior
This page is intentionally blank
 Table of Contents

What This Module is About ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. i

What I Need to Know ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… i

How to Learn from this Module ………………………………………………………………….. ii

Icons of this Module ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ii

What I Know ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. iii

Lesson 1:
Earthquake and Tsunami....................................................................1
What’s in: Activity 1: Word Search Puzzle ........................................................ 2

What’s New Activity 2 :Oh My “soo - nah – me” (Tsunami)........................ 2

What Is It................................................................................................................. 3

What’s More Activity 3: Read, React, Reflect (Triple R) ................................ 5

What I Have Learned: Activity 4……………………………. …………………6

What I Can Do: Activity 5: Better Safe Than Sorry ………………………….. 6

Lesson 2:
Earthquake waves and the Interior of the Earth……………….. 7
What’s In: Activity 1: Fill Me In ............................................................................. 7

What Is It …………………………………………………………………………. 8

What I Have Learned …………………………………………………………… 8

What I Can Do .....................................................................................................…9

Summary ………………………………………………………………………………………….10

Assessment: (Post-Test) ……………………………………………………………………... 10

Key to Answers …………………………………………………………………………………. 12

References ……………………………………………………………………………………… 13
This page is intentionally blank
What This Module is About
In March 2011, a strong earthquake recorded in the Pacific Ocean near Japan.
Consequently, a tsunami hit Japan. Twenty thousand people happened ruined. More than a
million residences and structures were destroyed or damaged.

In December 2004, a powerful earthquake transpired in the Indian Ocean near

Indonesia. A tsunami shortly happened. More than 200,000 bodies were verified dead,
several of them in Indonesia, Thailand, India, and Sri Lanka.

In 1976, an earthquake noted spot in the Moro Gulf in Mindanao. Following on, a
tsunami crashed nearby seaside regions. Thousands of people were destroyed. Numerous
further held reported disappeared. In this module, you will discover wherewith underwater
earthquakes produce a tsunami and how earthquake waves provide information about the
interior of the earth.

What I Need to Know

After going through this module you are expected to:

1. Demonstrate how underwater earthquakes generate tsunamis;

2. Explain how earthquake waves provide information about the interior of the earth.

i
How to Learn from this Module
To achieve the objectives cited above, you are to do the following:
• Take your time reading the lessons carefully.
• Follow the directions and/or instructions in the activities and exercises diligently.
• Answer all the given tests and exercises.

Icons of this Module

What I Need to This part contains learning objectives that

Know are set for you to learn as you go along the
module.

What I know This is an assessment as to your level of

knowledge to the subject matter at hand,
meant specifically to gauge prior related
knowledge
What’s In This part connects previous lesson with that
of the current one.

What’s New An introduction of the new lesson through

various activities, before it will be presented
to you

What is It These are discussions of the activities as a

way to deepen your discovery and under-
standing of the concept.

What’s More These are follow-up activities that are in-

tended for you to practice further in order to
master the competencies.

What I Have Activities designed to process what you

Learned have learned from the lesson

What I can do These are tasks that are designed to show-

case your skills and knowledge gained, and
applied into real-life concerns and situations.

ii
 What I Know

Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer.

1. The seismic waves traverse within the planet and display data of the within to the skin. all
of the latter records are correct, EXCEPT
a. The seismic waves are refracted or bent.
b. The seismic waves bounced back
c. The seismic waves are reflected.
d. The seismic waves are stocked on the rocks

2. Earthquakes are a frequent phenomenon in Japan, Indonesia, and therefore the

Philippines. How is that so?
a. Japan, Indonesia, and therefore the Philippines are found near the equator.
b. Japan, Indonesia, and also the Philippines are observed within the Pacific Ring of
fireplace.
c. Japan, Indonesia, and therefore the Philippines are enclosed by seas.
d. Japan, Indonesia, and therefore the Philippines are deemed archipelagic countries.

3. Scientists employ various techniques to detect if a fault is active. Which item isn't covered?
a. Scientists examined the country’s history.
b. Scientists noted the environment.
c. Scientists devised a fault model
d. Scientists investigated the past and present shakes.

4.Which determinant holds the rocks from gliding through each other?
a. The measurement of the rocks. c. The bending of the rocks.
b. The roughness of the rocks. d. The pattern of the rocks.

5. What appears when seismic waves move farther into the crust?
a. Seismic waves cease. c. Seismic waves keep their speed.
b. Seismic waves reduce down. d. Seismic waves rush up.

6.Not every fault action under the ocean will generate a tsunami. Which of the subsequent
fault changes will happen in such an event?
a. String movement c. Vertical movement
b. Sideward movement d. Horizontal movement

7.A tsunami approaching the coastal area, what is going to happen to it?
a. The wave hurries up and rises tall.
b. The wave breaks down.
c. The wave races.
d. It slows down and grows tall.

8.Which of the subsequent is/are true about tsunamis?

a. it's associated with tides.
b. it's because of the upward movement of rock at the seafloor.
c. it's a large moving ridge.
d. it's because of the upward movement of rock ashore.

iii
9.Force within the world makes the bottom move. Which of the subsequent is that the
explanation of why there's no movement right away?
a. there's no movement instantly due to the bending of the rocks.
b. The rapid release of energy causes a delay within the movement of the bottom.
c. there's no movement immediately due to the vibrations of the rocks.
d. Friction causes a delay within the movement of the bottom.

10.Which attributes to the vibrations created by an earthquake?

a. Sea-surface waves c. Pressure waves
b. Seismic waves d. Tidal waves

iv
 Earthquakes and
Lesson

1 Tsunamis
“In December 2004, close-knit family Maria (Naomi Watts), Henry (Ewan McGregor)
and their three sons begin their winter vacation in Thailand. But the day after Christmas, the
perfect holiday turns into an horrible nightmare when a terrifying roar rises from the depths
of the sea, followed by a wall of black water that devours everything in its path. Though
Maria and her family face their darkest hour, unexpected displays of kindness and courage
change their terror.” (The Impossible| Film Synopsis)
Have you heard about tsunamis? Probably, yes! Tsunami could be one of the most
disastrous phenomena that has been part of the nature’s mechanism. It is very deadly that it
had killed thousands of lives in a matter of hours in the different parts of the world like Japan,
Indonesia, Thailand, and many other countries.

cartoonaday.com

Do you think, our country had ever experienced tsunami? The answer is yes. As
recorded by PHIVOLCS (Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology), in November,
1994, a 7.1-magnitude earthquake produced a tsunami that caused 39 people to be
drowned in Mindoro. Also,a magnitude 8.1 earthquake along the Cotabato trench produced
a massive tsunami waves as high as nine meters in Moro Gulf. Around 8,000 people were
killed or missing and it is known as the most disastrous tsunami to hit the Philippines in the
last four decades.
Together, let’s explore and learn about tsunami and how it is generated.

1
 What’s In

Activity 1 - Word Search Puzzle

Directions: Copy the puzzle on your answer sheet and ENCIRCLE the words listed under
the word bank.

What’s New

Activity 2 – Oh My “soo - nah – me” (Tsunami)!

Objectives:
After performing this activity, you should be able to:
1. explain how tsunamis are generated; and
2. infer why tsunamis do not always occur even when there is an earthquake

Materials Needed:
 container – batya or basin or any box type container wide enough that can hold water
 toys, pieces of rocks, or anything that would represent as houses or objects near the
sea
 a piece of plywood or plastic panel

2
Procedure:
1. Place water in a container. Place an object in the water at one end of the container.
2. At the other end of the container, put a piece of plywood or plastic board flat at the
base of the container.
3. Ask someone at home to observe the surface of the water and the level of water
by the object as you go through the activity.
4. Hold the edges of the plastic board with your thumbs and fingertips. Wait for the water
to cease moving. Using only your fingertips, swish the end of the plastic board upward.
5. Observe what is produced in the water.

Draw your setup in your answer sheet.

Q1.What was formed in the water by the swift push of the plastic board?
Q2. How was the water level by the object/s affected by the wave?
Q3. What does the movement of the water represent? How about the object/s?
Q4. What does the plastic board signify?

What Is It

Tsunami is a Japanese word pronounced as “soo - nah – me” which means “wave in
the harbor”. Sometimes, it is misnamed as “tidal waves”. It is caused by an earthquake and
other movements on the ocean floor. It travels at speeds up to 600 miles per hour. Tsunami
travelling in deep water and open ocean causes no damage and are hardly noticeable.
Tsunami travelling in shallow water can batter coastlines with waves as high as 100 feet,
causing considerable damage.

How is a Tsunami formed?

Faults are seen not solely onto land but also under the ocean. When a fault at the
ground of the ocean swiftly moves, the water over it can be stirred. An abrupt force from an
underwater fault can create a wave named a tsunami.
Unlike a wave that is produced by the wind, a tsunami is extremely strong. Wind
waves are simply sea-surface waves. While a tsunami includes the complete underground
force of the ocean, from the seafloor to the surface.
3
 Distant from the coast, a tsunami is low, perhaps merely one meter high. However, it
moves at the speed of a jet. When a tsunami nears the coast, it slows down but becomes
bigger. It becomes extremely damaging because the energy of the whole ocean is after it. That is
the idea of why the whole villages and municipalities are completely devastated after a tsunami
strike.

Source: pinterest.com

How are earthquakes associated with tsunamis?

If the earthquake occurs in the
ocean, it can push up powerful waves,
known as tsunamis. The sudden upward
or downward movement of the seafloor
during an earthquake creates large
tsunami waves, similar to a child
splashing in the bathtub. Earthquakes
can also trigger tsunamis by unleashing
underwater landslides, which also
displace huge amounts of seawater.1

NOT all fault movement

underneath the sea will create a tsunami.
These faults that move during a
horizontal direction or sideways will not
result in a tsunami. The fault has got to
move within the vertical sense. Within the
activity, a sudden upward thrust triggered
the wave. It should also be noted that not
all earthquakes generate tsunamis. Source: cdemtaranaki.govt.nz
Usually,it takes an earthquake with a
Richter magnitude exceeding 7.5 to produce a destructive tsunami.2

Thus, once you are near the sea and you're feeling a strong earthquake, treat that as a
cautionary sign. Run to the topmost place you can find, or if you have a vehicle, vacate inland.
4

1
Livescience.com
2
Unesco.org
 What’s More

Activity 3 – Read, React, Reflect (Triple R). Complete the Triple R table based on the
readings below.

Read React Reflect

(R) (R) (R)
(specify the parts of the (give your reactions) (insights gained applied to
selection) real life)
Ex. Tsunamis aren't related A tidal wave is a shallow Waves played with surfers
to tides. water wave generated by the is not the same wave that
gravitational interactions hit in Japan.
between the Sun, Moon, and
Earth. A tsunami is an ocean
wave triggered by great
earthquakes that happen
next or beneath the ocean,
volcanic explosions,
submarine landslides, or by
onshore landslides in which
large amounts of debris fall
into the water.
1.
2.
3.

Read Me!
Individuals usually use the word tidal waves if they discuss tsunamis. That’s not
correct. Tsunamis are thanks to the sudden upward (or downward) action of rocks
accompanying a fault at the seafloor. Tsunamis aren't related to tides, which are littered with
the effect of gravity. The concept a tsunami is extremely powerful is that every wave
includes the whole bottom of the ocean, not the sole water on the surface. And why does a
tsunami grow to such elevated heights when it approaches the coast? The wave is long,
about 100 km approximately. When the “front” end reaches the shore, it slows down. But the
“tail” end keeps on coming at high speed. Therefore the water piles up and builds to serious
heights, smashing everything in its path.
Tsunamis are emergencies that endanger shores and seaside’s everywhere the
world. From investigations of experts and archival sources, we understand now that
tsunamis are a worldwide happening, they're plausible altogether of the world's oceans and
seas, including the Mediterranean, the Atlantic, the Indian, the Pacific, and even in large
lakes where they'll be caused by landslides. The incidence and pattern of tsunami formation
seem to be correlated to the amount of every area of the planet and also the pattern and
extent of small to very large damaging tsunami occurrences. Tsunamis can only occur in
coastal regions and islands are the most targets. Nevertheless, whether or not frequently
beaches and coastlines are struck by tsunamis, the wave front can push in bays many
distances domestic. Tsunami cases that hit the countries found encompassing the "Ring of
fire" in know history (since the year 1600 BC). It's intriguing to determine that tectonic plates'
borders have produced the foremost utmost tsunamis. Earthquakes of a minimum of 7 on
the Richter create tsunamis. Tsunamis are likewise frequent than what the worldwide people
perceive. as an example, Japan is hit a minimum of once a year by a tsunami.
5
About four-fifths of all tsunamis happen within the ocean, especially in lands that border the
Pacific Ring of fireplace. One point of this zone of huge seismic and volcanic movement
originates in New Zealand, going northwest to Indonesia (completely by-passing Australia)
and next moved to Papua New Guinea and Indonesia, northeast beside the Asian coastline,
east to North America, and next south on the western North American coastline.
The Philippines is no stranger to tsunami. Mindanao had been affected by a
devastating tsunami in 1976; Mindoro was struck in 1994. For more information about
tsunamis, visit the PHIVOLCS website.

What I Have Learned

Activity 5: Answer the questions below based on the content discussed.

1. How is a tsunami generated or produced?

2. Why is a tsunami more damaging than tidal waves or wind-surfaced waves?
3. How are tsunamis and earthquakes associated?
4. Describe a tsunami when it is far from the coast.
5. Describe a tsunami when it is near the coast.
6. Give three signs that a tsunami is possibly coming in a coastline.
7. What kind of fault movement will create a tsunami?
8. How strong should an earthquake be, before it can produce a destructive tsunami?

What I Can Do

Activity 4 – Better Safe than Sorry

Supposed you are living near the shore in a tsunami-prone area. As a resident, you
must be aware of the risk and readiness that you need in case such big waves hit your area.
Write at least 3 safety measures in each column that may help you when this disaster occur.
Copy and answer in your answer sheet.

BEFORE A TSUNAMI DURING A TSUNAMI AFTER A TSUNAMI

6
Lesson
Earthquake Waves and the
2 Interior of the Earth

What I Need to Know

At the end of this lesson, you will be able to:
 explain how earthquake waves provide information about the interior
of the earth.

What’s In

In grade seven, you have learned that the Earth is composed of four layers
namely the crust, mantle, inner core, and outer core. The crust, as the outermost
layer is much more familiar to us and was comprehensively studied by our scientists.
But how about the mantle and the core? Has anybody been there and collected data
about it? The answer is “No”. Humans have been to the moon, explored the outer
space, and every corner of our planet, but nobody had gone as deep as the mantle.
Previous researchers have started exploring and digging through the crust to reach
the mantle but it was stopped. So how do you think the Earth layers were discovered
and illustrated when nobody has seen it? We often consider earthquakes as a
problem, a scary disaster we are always afraid of. But did you know that it had also
helped our scientists discover what’s deep in the Earth? Let’s find out how.

What’s New
Activity 1- Fill-me in
Name the mystery words by filling-in the blanks.
1. _ _ _ e_ c_ _ e
2. l a _ _ rs _ _ the _ a_ _ _
3. _ a _ _ l _
4. _e_s_ _ c _ _ v_
5. v_b_ _ t _ _ _

7
 What Is It

What’s Inside the Earth?

We frequently believe in earthquakes as something devastating and the idea
is apparent. Earthquakes help scientists to discover what is inside the Earth. How?
As you know by now, when a fault abruptly shifts, an earthquake is generated. The
shaking rises from the focus and radiates out.
You can acquire a concept of how this occurs by tossing a stone toward a
lake. Notice the ripples that propel out in circles? The trembles from the focus are
something like those vibrations are more accurately termed seismic waves. As
seismic waves move through the body of the Earth, they perform in diverse forms,
depending on whatever they encounter along the way (Figure 3).

Figure 3. The behavior of seismic waves reveals what the Earth looks like inside.

Comparatively seismic waves move more inward into the crust, they speed
up. This suggests that at the bottom the rocks are denser. In the uppermost part of
the mantle, the waves decrease down. That means the rocks there are partly melted.
As the waves enter the core, one variety of seismic waves (s-waves)
disappears. That suggests that the outer core is liquid. At particular depths, the
waves are reflected and refracted (bent). That means the Earth must exist layered.

What I Have Learned

Write a paragraph with 3 to 5 sentences about the importance of seismic

waves in discovering the deeper layers of the Earth.

_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
8
Pia C. Ocampo, et al.,Science 8 Learner’s Module (Pasig City: 2013), page 136.
 What I Can Do

Make Your Model!

Create an Earth Model with the following parts: crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core. Make
sure to label the parts. Choose ONLY ONE of the examples below. Kindly refer to the rubric
below for your guide.

2-D Clay Earth Model Paper Earth Model 3-D Styro or Cardboard
Materials: clay, 1/8 Materials: colored papers Earth Model
Illustration board, labels and marker Materials: styro ball or
cardboard, paint, marker

Photo Source: pinterest.com Photo Source: pinterest.com Photo Source: pinterest.com

NOTE: You may also use any recyclable materials like food wrappers or magazines if
materials above are not available. Show your creativity and resourcefulness!

OUTPUT RUBRIC ON EARTH LAYER MODEL

5 4 3

CONTENT
(20%)
Three or more parts of Only two parts of the Earth Only one part of the Earth
Layers of the Earth layers are layers are correctly made or layers is correctly made or
the Earth (6 correctly made or illustrated. illustrated.
pts) illustrated.

Labeled Three or more parts of Only two parts of the Earth Only one part of the Earth
Parts the Earth layers are layers are correctly labeled. layers is correctly labeled.
(6 pts) correctly labeled.

CREATIVITY Exceptionally clever and Thoughtfully and uniquely Shows little creativity,
(20%) unique in designing the presented in designing the originality and/or effort in
(4 pts) project project designing the project

5 4 3

TIMELINESS Submitted on or before Submitted one to five days Submitted more than 5
(10%) the set deadline after the deadline. days after the deadline
(2pts)
OVERALL Excellently Attractive Attractive Fair
IMPACT
(10%)
(2 pts)
TOTAL (100 points)

9
Summary
Earthquakes produce tsunami if a fault suddenly moves on ground, you get an
earthquake. However if a fault suddenly moves in or near a body of water, you may get a
tsunami in addition to the earthquake. Moreover, earthquake waves give data about the
interior of the earth through termed seismic waves. Seismic waves move within the body of
the Earth. At specific depths, the waves are reflected and refracted (bent). That indicates the
Earth must be layered.

Assessment (Post-Test)

Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer.

1. A tsunami is a
a. series of waves created by a large displacement in the ocean
b. tidal wave
c. special shrimp found near Japanese hydrothermal vents
d. generated wave

2. The seismic waves travel through the Earth and carry information from the
interior to the surface. all of the following statements is true, EXCEPT
a. The seismic waves are refracted or bent.
b. The seismic waves are stocked on the rocks
c. The seismic waves bounced back
d. The seismic waves are reflected

3. When a fault suddenly moves, it is generates?

a. an earthquake c. a line
b. a shaking d. none of these

4. The reason a tsunami is so powerful is

a. because the wave involves the partly depth of the ocean.
b. because the wave involves the lower depth of the ocean.
c. because the wave involves the whole depth of the ocean, not just
the water on the surface
d. because the wave involves the shallow depth of the ocean, not
just the water on the surface.

5. Most of our knowledge of Earth's interior comes from the study of

earthquakes.
a. True b. False

10
6. Which factor keeps the rocks from slipping past each other?
a. The depth of the rocks. c. The bending of the rocks.
b. The roughness of the rocks. d. The arrangement of the
rocks.

7. What happens when seismic waves travel deeper into the crust?
a. Seismic waves disappear. c. Seismic waves maintain
their speed.
b. Seismic waves slow down. d. Seismic waves speed up.

8. Not every fault movement beneath the sea will produce tsunami. Which of
the following fault movements will result to such occurrence?
a. String movement c. Vertical movement
b. Sideward movement d. Horizontal movement

9. What happens to the tsunami when it reaches the shore?

a. The wave speeds up and grows in height.
b. The wave breaks down.
c. The wave speeds up.
d. It slows down and grows in height.

10. Which of the following is/are true about tsunamis?

a. It is related to tides.
b. It is due to the upward movement of rock at the seafloor.
c. It is a giant tidal wave.
d. It is due to the upward movement of rock on land.

11. Energy from the inside the Earth makes the ground move. Which of the
following is the reason why there is no movement right away?
a. There is no movement right away because of the bending of the
rocks.
b. The rapid release of energy causes the delay of the movement of
the ground.
c. There is no movement right away because of the vibrations of the
rocks.
d. Friction causes the delay on the movement of the ground.

12. Which of the following refers to the vibrations produced by an earthquake?

a. Sea-surface waves c. Pressure waves
b. Seismic waves d. Tidal waves

11
 Key to Answers
Lesson 1. Earthquakes and Tsunamis
What’s In Activity 1 - Word Search Puzzle

What’s New
Activity 2 – Oh My “soo - nah – me” (Tsunami) !

What’s More
Activity 3 – Read, React, Reflect (Triple R)
Answers vary.

What I Have Learned

12
What I Can Do

Lesson 2. Earthquake Waves and the Interior of the Earth

What’s New : Activity 1: Fill-me in What I Have Learned
Answers vary

What I Can Do: Make Your Model!

OUTPUT RUBRIC ON EARTH LAYER MODEL

13
References and Links

Campo,P. et al.,Science 8 Learner’s Module (Pasig City: 2013).

Milagros Lim-Borado, PhD. and Heidi Grace Lim-Borado, PhD. Interactive and Innovative
Teaching Strategies. Quezon City, Metro Manila: LORIMAR PUBLISHING, INC,2015.

Wiki media common. n.d. https://commons.wikimedia.org/ (accessed June 2020).

ShakeOut.Org. n.d. www.shakeout.org/schools/resources (accessed June 2020).

“Tsunamis”. 2020. Ready: Official website of the Department of Homeland Security.

https://www.ready.gov/tsunamis

14
For inquiries and feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

Department of Education – Division of Gingoog City

Office Address: Brgy. 23, National Highway, Gingoog City
Telefax: 088 328 0108/ 088 328 0118
E-mail Address: gingoog.city@deped.gov.ph