MEEN-18111024
MEEN-18111033
Industrial Artificial Intelligence
First A. Junaid Attiq, Second B. Muhammad Jamal, and Third C. Talha Altaf, Fourth D.Saad
Ahmed

Abstract— The Industrial 4.0 project has made manufacturing
facilities more flexible and networked, but it has also made
interdependence, uncertainty, and the enormous quantity of
data created more difficult. Recent advancements in Industrial
Artificial Intelligence have demonstrated the technology's
ability to assist producers in addressing the challenges
associated with this digital transformation of Cyber-Physical
Systems, through the use of data-driven predictive statistics
and the ability to assist in decision-making in the most
complex, inaccurate, and frequently multi-phase areas.
However, compared to the testing phase, industrial
acceptability of these solutions is still low, since real-world
contexts provide new and complicated issues for which
companies are not yet prepared. As a result, the objective of
this study is twofold. First, a comprehensive analysis of
current Industrial Artificial Intelligence publications is
offered, with an emphasis on their application in real-world
manufacturing contexts to highlight significant permitted
technologies and critical design ideas. Via future research
efforts and concepts, a framework to bridge the gap between
field research and the manufacturing sector will be
established, with the goal of boosting industrial discovery
through a successful transition into the culture of an entire
digital firm powered by data. This work is one of the first in
the field of Industrial 4.0 to present a clear and thorough
description of Industrial Artificial Intelligence, defining and
analyzing its core structural blocks and continuous styles. The
findings are intended to help academics and producers better
grasp the requirements and stages for a successful AI-based
Industrial 4.0 transition, as well as the obstacles that may arise
during this process.
Index Terms—Industry 4.0, Internet of things, Cyber physical
security, Smart Manufacturing, Smart products and
services, Smart supply chain and Smart working.
I. INTRODUCTION
Manufacturing has developed from water and steam
machinery to automatic and digital production since the first
Industrial Revolution, making the process more complex,
mechanized, and sustainable so that people can use equipment
quickly, efficiently, and consistently. “ The phrase Industry
4.0 refers to the fourth industrial revolution, which is
characterized as an all-encompassing new level of planning”.
The main purpose of Industry 4.0 is to meet the needs of
individual clients in areas such as order administration, R&D,
manufacturing authorization, delivery, and product processing

MEEN-18111011
MEEN-18111053
Journal on Industry 4.0 (Smart Industry)
and recycling. The emphasis on human interaction in the
production process distinguishes industry 4.0 from Computer
Integrated Manufacturing (CIM). CIM includes non-
productive production, whereas Industry 4.0 emphasizes the
human worker in product development. The Industrial 4.0
paradigm encourages the individual and online connectivity of
physical items such as sensors, gadgets, and business assets.
At all phases of product development, design and writing
methodologies should be assessed and their relevance
addressed in a contemporary, multi-product model for product
development, with standard, integrated, and differentiated
approaches, processes, and IT solutions. The manufacturing
process is separated into a limited number of units that
exchange just the knowledge from subsequent process stages,
allowing for greater flexibility and perhaps less integration
complexity.
Figure 1 Four Industrial Revolutions
The requirement for Industry 4.0 to turn traditional equipment
into self-identifying and self studying equipment in order to
increase overall performance and maintenance management
via surrounding networks. The goal of Industrial 4.0 is to
create an open, intelligent manufacturing platform that
connects an information network to an industrial network.
concept enters its tenth year (2011-2021), it is critical to get a
comprehensive picture of its evolution and future directions in
order to guide future research efforts in the many disciplines
that are investigating its possibilities. As a result, we analyze
the different streams related to the industry 4.0 concept and
provide a picture of research evolution and existing gaps using
the four smarts perspective, which considers the relationship
between Smart Manufacturing, Smart Supply Chain, Smart
Products and Services, and Smart Working.
We have two major theoretical contributions to make. First,
the study goes beyond previous evaluations of the literature on
the subject to present the first systematic and complete
framework for examining how the advent of 4.0 technologies
may affect the growth of international commerce. Second, via
six study directions at the junction of the two domains, the
research sets the way for future research.
The first industrial revolution occurred around the end of the
eighteenth century, and was characterised by mechanisation

enabled by steam and water power. Electricity aided the
second industrial revolution, which began at the turn of the
twentieth century and was marked by mass production,
assembly lines, and labour divisions. The third came around
the turn of the century, when computers were used to further
automate equipment and industrial processes. The Fourth
Industrial Revolution is building on the Third, which has been
going on since the middle of the past century and is known as
the digital revolution. It is defined by a convergence of
technology that blurs the distinctions between the physical,
digital, and biological realms.
Figure 1 Graphical representation of industrial revolution
II. BACKGROUND
 Overview
In manufacturing, product development, processing
performance, and communication technologies with
compatible infrastructure, the "Industry 4.0," taking place.
Smart industries are those that are highly adaptable, well-
made, and operate well with wellcontrolled manufacturing
processes. The main victims of those new technologies being
generated in the industrial field are self-organizing agents with
embedded controls and technology to communicate with their
environment.
A "Cyber Physical System," or a paradigm in which diverse
products are furnished with sensors and sensor actuators, is
referred to as the ability to study and transmit "Internet of
Things" and Data Analytics for Small and Medium
Enterprises.
Physical digital-enabled production characteristics such as IT
services will be the future of the industrial network, allowing
for online representation of the visible production area.
 Context
Today's industrial businesses are laser-focused on their desire
to create. They measure their processes and software packages
in order to operate effectively, and they strive to improve
MEEN-18111024
MEEN-18111033
MEEN-18111011
MEEN-18111053
Journal on Industry 4.0 (Smart Industry)
continuously. They seek to lower their costs in order to raise
their status.
Companies are searching for extra value in addition to
product-focused initiatives; they are confronted with an
increasing volume of data from a range of sources, including
the manufacturing area, supply chain, and environment.
 CONCEPT
Revolution 4.0 in Industry. Internet is the most recent major
search engine. Its real-time communication monitoring, as
well as the company's action jobs, are essential to the
fulfillment of an intelligent industry.
People, products, and equipment are all linked together via
systems. Employees, machines, products, customers,
suppliers, and systems are all linked through the Internet.
III. THE FOUR SMART DIMENSIONS OF INDUSTRY 4.0
The information revolution has remarkably developed and
extended to a new age, the so-called digital age, since the
internet was popularised towards the end of the twentieth
century. In developed nations, digital transformation has been
one of the most pressing concerns. In this context, the industry
4.0 idea was established in 2011 by a German public-private
effort to recognise the industrial problems of the new
millennium and provide a strategy roadmap for German
enterprises to build modern production systems. The notion
has now extended around the world, however different
countries use different names and place varying emphasis on
their industrial strategies.
Internal dimensions, on the one hand, examine value streams
related to the company's industrial operations, such as its
manufacturing processes (Smart Manufacturing) and its
employees (Smart Working). The external dimensions, on the
other hand, take into account value streams that connect the
company's activities to the outside world, such as its supply
chain (Smart Supply Chain) and consumers (Smart Products
and Services). Because they cover the primary components
described by prior frameworks by authors such as Chen
(2017), Chiarello et al. (2018), and Roblek et al. (2018), these
four smart dimensions embrace the whole potential of Industry
4.0 technology implementation (2016).
Water and steam power were employed to mechanise industry
during the first industrial revolution. The second made use of
electric power, allowing for mass production. Electronics and
information technology were employed to modernise
production in the third. The fourth industrial revolution, often
known as industry 4.0, is a digital transformation driven by
information technology that improves machine–human
correlation and system self-optimization.
Dr. Wolfgang created the phrase Industry 4.0 in 2011. As a
result, publications on Industry 4.0 begin in that year. As a
result of Klaus Schwab's foundational work, annual
publications began to double starting in 2015.
Keywords identify the issues in a text that need to be
addressed. As a result, the goal is to extract the keywords by
using VOS viewer's Co-occurrence analysis. The frequency,

degree of centrality, betweenness, and relative importance of
the keywords that were found are tabulated. The search term
(Industry4.0) has been removed from the list of results. The
amount of occurrences is referred to as frequency, while the
count of linkages between the keywords is referred to as
degree centrality. The amount to which a keyword mediates or
falls between any other two keywords on the shortest path
between those two keywords is measured by the betweenness
degree, which is generally averaged over all possible pairs in
the network.’’ The most often used keyword is 'Internet of
Things' (IoT), followed by 'Artificial Intelligence' (AI), 'Cloud
computing,' and 'Machine learning.'
Industry 4.0's main objective is to boost efficiency and
production through real-time data-driven automation.
Automation, digitalization, human–machine interaction,
autonomous data interchange, and communication are some of
the disruptive transformation aspects of Industry 4.0. These
characteristics are closely linked to optimization techniques
and web technology. Industry 4.0 encompasses a wide variety
of concepts and new technologies, including the Internet of
Things (IoT), cloud computing, artificial intelligence (AI),
digitization, and automation. In a nutshell, Industry 4.0 is an
IT-driven change that aims to make real-time systems more
robust and smarter.
The German consortium's initial definition of Industry 4.0
(Schuh et al., 2020) and the German Academy of Science and
Engineering's (ACATECH) subsequent model of Industry 4.0
implementation (Schuh et al., 2020) describe a comprehensive
landscape of future production systems with smart factories,
integrated supply chains, connected products, and enhanced
workplaces. Other aspects of Industry 4.0 were generally
missed in the academic literature, which concentrated mostly
on Smart Manufacturing. The high number of papers on Smart
Manufacturing is unsurprising given the importance of
manufacturing in Industry 4.0. Nonetheless, our findings
suggest that future research should take a more balanced
approach, focusing equally on the multiple smart dimensions
of Industry 4.0, which will benefit other stakeholders in the
field of Industry 4.0, such as academic journals interested in
the topic and practitioners who may want to implement or
promote Industry 4.0.
Industry 4.0 refers to a set of technologies that enable the
growth of the value chain, resulting in shorter production lead
times, better product quality, and greater organisational
performance. According to their findings, Industry 4.0 has
received a lot of attention in the recent literature, but there are
few systematic and comprehensive reviews of research that
represent the topic's dynamic nature. They chose 85 articles
and divided them into five research categories: Industry 4.0
conceptual papers, human-machine interactions, machine-
equipment interactions, Industry 4.0 technologies, and
sustainability. They investigated the present state of research
in the Industry 4.0 fields. Industry 4.0's main goal was to
leverage modern technologies to provide maximum output
with littleinput resources. The information technology that is a
part of Industry 4.0, according to this research study, includes
MEEN-18111024
MEEN-18111033
MEEN-18111011
MEEN-18111053
Journal on Industry 4.0 (Smart Industry)
a cyber-physical system (CPS), cloud computing, and the
Internet of Things (IoT).
Because of its adaptability, a feedback loop is employed in
this system; it is also used in hospitals, traffic management
systems, thorough appraisals of current Industry 4.0 research.
The goal of this study is to look at the present state of research
in the Industry 4.0 fields. This paper provides Industry 4.0
research areas based on a thorough literature review.
The authors used a similar review method in this publication.
First, significant sources of publication addressing
advancements in the sectors of Industry 4.0 and smart
manufacturing were found for this article. The authors used
articles from the Web of Science (WoS) database, which
includes a large number of prestigious journals such as
Emerald, Taylor and Francis, Springer, IEEE, and Elsevier.
For starters, they chose Web of Science as their data source
since it is one of the largest abstract and citation databases,
with thousands of peer-reviewed articles in the domains of
science, technology, medicine, and social sciences. They
gathered information from 529 publications on various
elements of industry 4.0, including books, chapters, doctorate
theses, white papers, editorial comments, and more. They
screened the data and deleted duplicates, or papers that
appeared in many combinations of articles, to improve the
findings.
They also screened the data to get information that was
relevant to their issue.
We can observe that the number of papers published in the
subject of Industry 4.0 is steadily increasing. Between 2012
and 2017, there has been an increase trend. However, starting
in 2015, the number of articles published has skyrocketed. It
was discovered that 64 of the 84 total publications were
published in the years 2016–2017, indicating that researchers'
interest in developing technologies has grown since 2014.
The reputation and legitimacy of publishing journals have a
big influence on how people think about them. The Bib Excel
tool was used to derive the journal categorization. There are
three publications in each of the journals Engineering,
International Journal of Production Research, and
International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology.
They discovered that writers from many nations contributed to
the industry 4.0 study, with the United States dominating the
list with 25 of the 80 publications chosen. The next three
countries on the list are England, the Netherlands, and
Switzerland, with contributions of 17, nine, and eight papers,
respectively. This demonstrates that the majority of the
research contributions come from writers in the United States
and Europe. For network analysis, there are a variety of tools
available. They used Gephi to create this paper. It's a complete
tool with customizable visual aids, strong filtering algorithms,
a network analysis toolset, and the capacity to handle a variety
of data types. They employed two types of research methods:
conceptual and empirical. They chose 85 articles and divided
them into five study areas. The distribution categories revealed
that Industry 4.0 technologies (67 percent of papers) received
greater attention, including big data, simulations, additive
manufacturing, IoT, virtual reality, and so on.
 MEEN-18111024
MEEN-18111033
MEEN-18111011
MEEN-18111053

Journal on Industry 4.0 (Smart Industry)

Case studies, simulations, and experiments are all part of the IV. OBJECTIVE
empirical method. They discovered that Industry 4.0 has a Production transformation aims to capture real-time
substantial impact on the manufacturing environment, diversions, variety, changes, styles, and new client wants, as
resulting in dramatic changes in the execution of operations well as provide swift alterations to an ever-changing
and the ability to plan and control production in real time. The environment. "4.0" enables the viewing of variables in
adoption of industry 4.0 necessitates horizontal, end-to-end processes, more personal manufacturing, wiser product
digital integration, as well as vertical integration. Industry 4.0 development, and even the re-establishment of trade
uses a smart product system, which is a crucial idea contribution.
component. In a smart factory, products and equipment
connect with one another, allowing production to be driven
collaboratively. Objects, gadgets, and machines that are Fundamentals of Industry 4.0
outfitted with sensors, controlled by software, and linked to
the internet are referred to as smart goods. We discovered after V.  PRINCIPLES
reading this study that manufacturing companies might
The 4.0 idea and technology are based on systems and
commit to Industry 4.0 with the goal of making their
structures that offer increased speed and flexibility for both
production floors lean. Human-cyber-physical interaction is
producers and consumers.
highlighted as an aspect for developing smart and optimum
The 4.0 idea and technology are based on systems and
manufacturing processes, according to the researchers.
structures that offer increased speed and flexibility for both
Industry 4.0, according to their findings, may be employed in
producers and consumers.
the design and manufacture of aircraft goods. Industry 4.0
technology includes the Internet of Things (IoT) and cyber
physical systems. The Internet of Things (IoT) is connected to
CPSs in Industry 4.0 in such a way that the system develops
the ability to generate and feed data, thereby adding value to
the manufacturing process.
They claim that big data analytics and technologies enable
real-time data collection from a variety of sources,
comprehensive data analysis, and real-time decision making,
resulting in increased manufacturing flexibility, product
quality, energy efficiency, and equipment service through
predictive maintenance.
They discovered that Industry 4.0 will make a significant
contribution to more sustainable industrial value development Figure 3 Significant dimensions of industry 4.0
in the future. They discovered that using industry 4.0
technology allows for a high level of process integration. CPS
and human-equipment interface obtained through the Industry 4.0's objective is to establish a reasonable
deployment of industry 4.0 technologies result in process environment in which all data and information within the
integration. plant, as well as information from the supply chain, is
Industry 4.0 promotes stable production processes that lead to gathered in real time, resulting in a useful, refined, and
good digital process management and continuous enlarged data base. Real-time monitoring, for example,
improvement, as well as a safe working environment for can help prevent material loss, machine or human error, or
workers. Previous research on Industry 4.0 have mostly failure.
focused on the fundamental ideas of Industry 4.0 and case
studies proving the benefits of Industry 4.0, according to the VI. TAKING THE NEXT STEP
literature. Based on the results of the literature, they presented Industrial 4.0 is a long process that goes through four stages.
a sustainable Industry 4.0 framework including Industry 4.0
technology, process integration, and sustainable outcomes as
important components.
Future research studies might look at the impact of various
Industry 4.0 technologies on the amount of process integration
that firms accomplish. This will aid in the identification of key
technologies that aid in the integration of processes in various Figure 4 Phases Transition towards 4.0
industrial settings.

VII. MONITORING
External sensors and data sources enable for continuous
monitoring of product status, usage, and surroundings, as well

as the generation of alerts and notifications to notify users of
any changes.
VIII. CONTROL
Software incorporated in products allows you to control
product operations and customize user data.
OPTIMIZATION
Algorithms can fully optimize product consumption, boost
performance, detect faults, and make appropriate
modifications in the first two processes.
IX. AUTONOMY
Independent manufacturing and integration with other goods
and systems are possible with a mix of the preceding three
categories.
Switching to Industry 4.0 starts with a strategic choice,
followed by an evaluation of the places or processes where
phase 4.0's potential benefits may still be achieved.(3)
CYBER PHYSICAL SYSTEM INDUSTRY 4.0
The backbone of Industrial4.0 problems is cyber-physical
systems (CPS). The phrase "cyberphysical system" refers to a
new generation of computer and physical systems that can
communicate with humans through a variety of innovative
approaches. The ability to convey and extend the physical
world's power via counting, communication, and control is
critical to future technological growth.
Level of connectivity - gadgets can be built to re-establish
empathy for its actions.
Data from automatically linked devices - conversion rate
sensors can utilize self-awareness knowledge to assess
features of key issues, and machines may use self-awareness
knowledge to forecast possible problems.
Cyber Level - each machine generates its own "twin" using
these traits, which are then utilized to re-express the machine's
health pattern in accordance with the "Time Machine" method.
A cyber "twin" allows you to compare your performance to
that of your peers in order to stay on track.
Users will be given with their level of knowledge - self-
assessment and self-assessment findings based on a "info-
graphic," which is a description of a visual representation of
the content and context of possible news.
Machine or production system configuration - depending on
the priorities and risks involved in solid performance, the
machine or production system can be restructured.
X.THE CLOUD
The cloud-based IT platform acts as the technological
backbone for the Industrial Center Industry 4.0's integration
and communication. An organization in Category 4.0 requires
extensive data exchange between sites and firms, as well as
reaction times in milliseconds or less. "Digital production"
refers to the linking of many devices to the same cloud so that
MEEN-18111024
MEEN-18111033
MEEN-18111011
MEEN-18111053
Journal on Industry 4.0 (Smart Industry)
data may be shared and expanded to a number of computers
across the facility.
XI. ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING
Additional manufacturing processes will be extensively
employed as part of Industry 4.0 to make small quantities of
custom-made items with building benefits such as smart,
lightweight designs. Transport distances and items on hand
will be cut in half thanks to high-efficiency, extra
manufacturing technologies.
As consumer expectations evolve, many businesses confront
the issue of enhancing individual product production while
lowering marketing time. With increased digital integration,
IT penetration, product integration, manufacturing resources,
and processes, these difficulties become even more serious.
The shortening of product life cycles, along with the rising
demand for customized products, necessitates yet another
transition toward more complex organizational structures. For
example, vehicles of the same type are available with a broad
range of engine, body function, and equipment options, all to
better fulfill the demands of increasingly educated and
demanding customers.
XII. BENEFITS OF INDUSTRY 4.0
• Production has improved. To put it another way,
Industrial 4.0 technology enables you to accomplish
more with less.
• Performance has improved.
• Collaboration and knowledge sharing have increased.
• Agility and flexibility are two words that come to
mind when thinking about the workplace.
• It's easier to comply.  Customer Service
Improvements
• Costs are cut.
• Allows for new ideas.
XIII. INDUSTRY 4.0'S OBSTACLES
The term "Industry 4.0" refers to a combination of
technologies conventional power industries with cutting-edge
technology, including products that link digital and physical
processes. Traditional supply chain knowledge, business
models, and practices are disrupted in a continual, disruptive
process.
Industrial Concept 4.0 encompasses a wide range of
characteristics, including economic, technological, social, and
political concerns, and is widely used.

Figure 5 Main Challenges of industry 4.0
XIV. A. TECHNOLOGICAL CHALLENGES
Smart integration systems have a serious problem in dealing
with a wide range of varied and heterogeneous resource
knowledge. We chose to trim back industrial difficulties 4.0,
technical components of four points, based on our humble
learning.
XV. COLLABORATION CHALLENGES
A distinct problem is collaborative editing, managing, or
integrating a number of controlling organizations to be able to
operate successfully an already established route.
XVII. DATA EXCHANGE
It’s tough to extract or gain particular level of wealth for
general knowledge, and there is another issue with sharing
data, which is a time issue, which may be challenging with
time, especially when resources are accessible for sharing.
XVIII. INTERACTION FEATURE
Multiple integration system vision is possible with the Cyber
Physical System, which is why a multi-use design project
should be measured carefully.
XIX. AUTOMATED TESTING
Because there is a direct relationship between a person's
"usage of AI" and the CPS insurance planned behavior, it's
critical to provide the system with automated testing. Quality
control testing.
B. ISSUES IN SOCIETY
The second sort of issue has a social component, which
includes, but is not limited to, the employee. This is a vital
component for dealing with Industrial Challenges 4.0.
EMPLOYEES
It is a generally held idea that the efforts, ethics, and
communication of workers as they carry out the company's
mission and plans have a lesser role in survival, prosperity,
and success. It is normal practice nowadays to put an
MEEN-18111024
MEEN-18111033
MEEN-18111011
MEEN-18111053
Journal on Industry 4.0 (Smart Industry)
employee at the heart of the design process in several domains
of human-machine, human-computer interaction. Any change
or transformation in a firm should consider the human
component in addition to the Pillars of Technology and
Processes.
C. CHALLENGES IN FINANCE
Following technological and societal hurdles, the key
economic component of Industrial 4.0 issues may be found in
the amount of money necessary to make the transition to a
fourth sector. The digital process can be sophisticated, and it
can wreak havoc on a company's manufacturing industry if too
many changes are made to systems, processes, management
systems, and personnel.
XVI. D. POLITICAL CHALLENGES
The government must manage the migration to 4.0 after help
in the form of strategic support or cash has been offered to
simplify the transition.
A.Smart Manufacturing
Smart Manufacturing (SM) has long been associated with the
industry 4.0 idea, with many studies treating the two as
synonyms. Smart Manufacturing is a fundamental feature of
Industry 4.0, but it is not the only one, because it describes a
larger view of the organisation and the industry. "Smart
Industrial combines sensors, computer platforms,
communication technologies, data-intensive modelling,
control, simulation, and predictive engineering with today's
and tomorrow's manufacturing assets." Cyber-physical
systems, the internet of things (and everything), cloud
computing, service-oriented computing, artificial intelligence,
and data science are all used in smart manufacturing." Smart
Manufacturing, as defined by this concept, is the use of
Industry 4.0 foundation technologies (IoT, cloud, big data, and
artificial intelligence) on the shop floor to achieve cyber-
physical manufacturing systems and smart production
planning and control. Industry 4.0 technologies such as
machine-to-machine communication, vertical integration of
information systems, and advanced robotics – including
collaborative robotics – are some of the technologies that
might be regarded part of the Smart Manufacturing dimension
in this sense. AI and real-time data are also used to enhance
the production planning and control process, allowing
manufacturers to better manage their operations. Smart
Manufacturing also takes into account AI-based smart
maintenance to forecast possible faults and prevent equipment
shutdowns. Smart Production takes into account not just the
technology used to make products, but also the technologies
employed in other aspects of the manufacturing process. Smart
Manufacturing also necessitates the use of advanced
technology to better regulate energy use. It also takes into
account product design technologies (also known as "smart
design") that are utilised to suit consumer needs and improve
production efficiency. Virtual and augmented reality for
product design and manufacturing assembly, as well as

sophisticated CAD/CAE tools like generative design, 3D
prototyping, and product lifecycle management systems, are
examples of such technologies. As a result, Smart
Manufacturing takes into account Industry 4.0's end-to-end
engineering approach, in which engineering design is
connected with the manufacturing system to function as a
single mechanism in the manufacturing system.
B.Smart working
The second internal component, Smart Working (SW) – also
known as Smart Work – examines how technology is utilised
to assist employees in their daily tasks. Workers have a crucial
strategic role in industrial processes, and they should be
strengthened rather than displaced, according to the report.
There has recently been substantial discussion regarding the
human role in Industry 4.0, with some studies proposing a new
job profile known as the "Operator 4.0" or "Smart Operator."
While some studies suggest that autonomous robots may
eventually replace operational and low-value-added
operations, Industry 4.0's most important potential is to enable
humans (at all levels of the hierarchy) to work smarter. Such
work is predicated on the ability of humans to bring value to
the industrial system through their cognitive abilities. As a
result, Smart .Working explores ways to maximise workers'
potential by incorporating modern technology into decision-
making processes, knowledge management, creativity and
design, and worker safety and happiness.
C.Smart supply chain
The Smart Supply Chain is the first external dimension of
Industry 4.0. (SSC). Previous definitions such as Supply Chain
4.0 (Digital Supply Chain) and Logistics 4.0 have been
merged into this concept. To enhance supply chain
information flows, Smart Supply Chain proposes the use of
Industry 4.0 foundation technologies. Because of the
interconnectedness and vast storage of data communicated in
real time between different stakeholders in the supply chain,
new opportunities emerge. By mapping the supply chain from
end to end, Industry 4.0 provides technology advancements
that assist to increase supply chain visibility, allowing for full
disruption risk management. Integrity control technologies
(e.g., sensors, big data analytics, decentralised agent-driven
control) can ensure that the correct items are delivered to the
right location, at the right time, in the appropriate amount and
condition, and at the right price across the supply chain. The
Smart Supply Chain dimension also includes warehouse
handling by autonomous robots and vehicles at the physical
logistics level and inventory control tracking and decision-
making systems This includes managing raw materials (input
to the manufacturing line) and produced outputs on the shop
floor in a "smart" manner. Robotic sensing technologies, such
as Automatic-Guided-Vehicles (AGVs) and Autonomous
Mobile Robots, can help with such handling (AMR). Smart
Supply Chain analyses the digitalization of supply chain
operational activities on the downstream side, primarily
through two approaches: platform-based crowdsourcing of
standard operations and on-demand provision of bespoke
services. On the one hand, platform-based crowdsourcing of
MEEN-18111024
MEEN-18111033
MEEN-18111011
MEEN-18111053
Journal on Industry 4.0 (Smart Industry)
standard processes includes activities such as the monetization
of excess warehouse capacity or transportation logistics, as
well as the "uberization" of the freight transportation offer to
connect idle capacity with demand. The use of artificial
intelligence (AI) and machine learning systems to manage and
connect the supply chain with demand is also included. On the
other hand, the Smart Products and Services dimension is
intimately linked to on-demand supply of personalised
services. Smart devices (i.e., IoT-based goods) and smart
services (through applications, online platforms, or IoT
solutions integrated in smart devices) make it feasible to meet
consumers' demands in real time and in a personalised
manner.
D.Smart products and services
The second external feature of the industry 4.0 framework,
Smart Products and Services (SPS), consists of two types of
provisions that can be isolated but are commonly combined
into a packaged solution. Smart goods are artefacts that gather,
monitor, regulate, and optimise user data using Industry 4.0
base technologies (IoT, cloud, big data analytics, and AI) in
addition to their physical components. Smart services, on the
other hand, refer to businesses that use digital technology to
provide services to their customers, such as cloud computing,
remote support and monitoring, and AI-assisted attendance. .
These services can be provided as stand-alone services to
assist customers in using products, or they can be provided as
part of a pay-per-use system. Sterilization is becoming more
common in manufacturing organisations, which involves
embracing service providing as part of the production business
model. Sterilization and Industrial 4.0 are two independent
industry streams that can converge and produce synergy,
according to a recent article. Sterilization is linked to Industry
4.0, according to them, when a manufacturer delivers digital
services that provide value to consumers while also providing
feedback to the production and engineering systems. When
goods and services are built to operate together, using new
IoT-enabled business models, smart solutions may grow into
integrated smart product-service systems. Advanced data
analytics, such as predictive analytics, can help support such
innovative business models, lowering the risk and expense of
assuming operations' success.
E.IoT (Internet of Things)
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a global network of gadgets.
An interconnected system of interoperable gadgets, objects,
humans, and animals. The embedded sensors and software in
these matching pieces link them to the internet. Industry 4.0's
fundamental concept is real-time data collecting and
information exchange, which is made possible through the
Internet of Things. IoT devices allow for high-speed
interaction between devices, which improves automation and
reduces the need for human engagement.
F. Artificial Intelligence
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to computer actions such as
problem-solving and learning that mirror human intellect.
Artificial intelligence (AI) allows robots and systems to make

decisions and act in human-like ways. AI's influence on a
variety of industries, including finance, banking, autonomous
cars, health, information management, and decision science, is
undeniable.
G. Cloud computing
Cloud computing refers to Internet-based business
applications and services such as data storage, servers, and
software. It's a new paradigm for businesses looking to
migrate from a physical network and servers to a sophisticated
cloud-based architecture. Software as a Service (Saas),
Platform as a Service (Paas), and Infrastructure as a Service
(Iaas) are the three service models offered by cloud
computing.
H.Machine learning
Machine learning is a branch of artificial intelligence that
allows a computer to learn and act like a person. When
compared to prior experience, an intelligence system must
learn and offer a better outcome (data). Machine learning
addresses issues by learning from and improving on
previously collected data without having to be explicitly
programmed. It assesses the issue, detects the pattern, and
recommends the best course of action. Machine learning has
been and continues to be widely used in a variety of industries,
including manufacturing, telecommunications, and finance.
Machine learning, according to Alpaydin, may be used to
analyse manufacturing process issues and optimise production
operations.
I. Security
In the age of Industry 4.0, security is a major concern.
Industry 4.0 is a data-driven revolution that places a high
value on data exchange. Because of Industry 4.0's networked
nature, all devices, machines, and processes are connected.
J. Blockchain
Blockchain is a peer-to-peer network that uses a distributed
database of digital transactions and ledgers to create a
decentralised and immutable collection of records and
information. A blockchain is a collection of data blocks that
include the data, hash, and hash of the preceding block. A
hash is a collection of unique symbols that are used to identify
blocks.
K.Deep learning
Deep learning is a type of machine learning algorithm inspired
by the neural network in the human brain. A deep learning
algorithm creates experiments, learns, and improves the
practise with each run, similar to how the brain's deep neural
network allows one to learn from experience. The amount and
quality of the input data, on the other hand, are critical. In
deep learning, sufficient and appropriate data is analogous to
considerable human experience in making mature judgements.
Appropriate data allows the algorithm to refine the result,
resulting in a more accurate judgement. Deep learning may be
regarded of as a means to automate predictive analytics at its
MEEN-18111024
MEEN-18111033
MEEN-18111011
MEEN-18111053
Journal on Industry 4.0 (Smart Industry)
most basic level. Deep learning algorithms are built in a
hierarchy of increasing complexity and abstraction, unlike
typical machine learning algorithms, which are linear.
Consider a toddler who says the word "dog" for the first time.
By pointing to items and uttering the word dog, the child
learns what a dog is and is not.
"Yes, it is a dog," or "No, that is not a dog," says the parent.
As the toddler continues to point to items, he has a better
understanding of the characteristics that all dogs have.
Without realising it, the toddler is clarifying a difficult
abstraction — the notion of dog — by creating a hierarchy in
which each layer of abstraction is built using information
obtained from the previous layer.
Deep learning computer algorithms go through a similar
process to a kid learning to recognise a dog. Each algorithm in
the hierarchy performs a nonlinear transformation on its input
before generating a statistical model as an output. Iterations
continue until the result is accurate enough to be useful. The
word deep was motivated by the amount of processing layers
that data must flow through.
Figure 6 Four smart of industry 4.0
L. Digitalization
The paradigm shift from the physical to the virtual world is
known as digitalization. This transition necessitates the
conversion of actual goods and processes into data, which is
the input of developing technologies. Digitalization, according
to Kagermann, affects all organisational statuses by
underpinning digital transformation and contributing to long-
term viability.
M. Cyber-physical system (CPS)
The combination of software and hardware to complete a job
is known as a cyber-physical system (CPS). It is a
computation and computer system that senses, controls, and
monitors physical processes. CPS is an embedded technology
that allows a system to adapt to the actual environment,
according to. It has a big impact on transportation
management systems.
N.Automation
One of Industry 4.0's ultimate goals is to automate operations
as much as possible in order to reduce human engagement.
 MEEN-18111024
MEEN-18111033
MEEN-18111011
MEEN-18111053

Journal on Industry 4.0 (Smart Industry)

Human mistakes might be reduced with less human

engagement, lowering costs and boosting efficiency.
O. Smart manufacturing
Smart manufacturing is computerised manufacturing that
collects and shares real-time data to improve manufacturing
operations. The goal of smart manufacturing is to operate the
whole production system autonomously with minimal human
input. In smart manufacturing, AI is used to pursue self-
optimization, self-learning, and adaptability with limits
P.Augmented Reality (AR)
The computer-generated presence of items is integrated with
the real-world physical surroundings in Augmented Reality
(AR). Through the use of digital information layers, this
technology enhances the physical world experience. Following
its introduction, this technology was and continues to be
widely used in the gaming industry. It is now being used in a
variety of different fields, including education and high-risk
businesses.
Q. Simulation
Figure 2 Most repeated keywords
Smart manufacturing is computerized manufacturing that
collects and shares real-time data to improve manufacturing
operations. The goal of smart manufacturing is to operate the XVIII. CHALLENGES OF IMPLEMENTING INDUSTRY 4.0
whole production system autonomously with minimal human
input. In smart manufacturing, AI is used to pursue self- 1) CYBERSECURITY
optimization, self-learning, and adaptability with limits. A key feature of i4.0 is the interconnection and
digitization of systems, which means there are more
XVII. ADVANTAGES OF INDUSTRY 4.0
devices connected to the Internet of Things. In terms of
There are few advantages of industry 4.0 data security and intellectual property, this is a
1) Increased Efficiency in Production tremendous cybersecurity concern. To guard against
Smart factories will be able to enhance their efficiency to hacking and inadvertent data breaches, you'll need to put
previously unthinkable levels thanks to improved automation
and capability for continual development. Every resource will in place strong security solutions.
be automatically optimized to reduce waste.
2) Change Management 
2) More Potential for Innovation
Innovation is at the heart of Industry 4.0. Design teams will be
able to determine what works and what doesn't based on data For the majority of businesses, embracing change is the
collected from linked devices such as the Internet of Things. key to success. i4.0 is transforming how we do things by
This information will help them develop new and better goods combining the physical and digital worlds. These shifts
and systems. highlight the need to plan measures to help your staff and
3) Accelerated Response to Customer Needs provide them with the resources and skills they'll need to
Many sectors are struggling to keep up with shifting customer make the transition to i4.0.
demands. Every few months, they demand new designs, new
technology, and new features. Industry 4.0 is designed to help The human aspect becomes a crucial lever for moving to
you adapt to market changes faster than your competitors i4.0 by putting people at the heart of the transformation.
4) Reduced Costs And Higher Profit Margins This allows for employee participation at all phases. It is
You'll save money overall by making better use of resources, usual for open-minded collaborators to join the team as
reducing waste, improving quality, and reducing downtime. 'change champions,' promoting new technologies while
Despite a big initial expenditure, you will enjoy much greater assisting colleagues in adapting to them.
profit margins, allowing you to achieve a return on investment
in a matter of years. 3) Employment
5) Quality Assurance 4) Industry 4.0 is reshaping the workforce, necessitating
With Industry 4.0, you'll be able to perfect product quality. people to learn new or different skills in order to succeed
You'll also be able to ensure quality outside of the plant by in these evolving professions. Repetitive task workers will
tracking products during delivery. You can reduce your costs struggle to stay up with the industry as their positions are
by removing that illusive 1% or so of faulty items. phased out or taken over by an autonomous machine that
 MEEN-18111024
MEEN-18111033
MEEN-18111011
MEEN-18111053

Journal on Industry 4.0 (Smart Industry)

runs 24 hours a day, seven days a week. To keep up with
the needs of a fast changing labor market, education will
need to evolve.
5) Capital Investment
Industry 4.0 adoption will not be free; costs will range
from low-cost IoT sensors installed on existing equipment
to the acquisition of massive gear with integrated i4.0
solutions. The capital expenditure required for some of
these larger initiatives may affect the balance sheet in the
near term, but it will pay off in the long run by lowering
costs, enhancing market agility, and improving customer
happiness.
notably in industrial operations, as well as disruptive game
changers in ICT. As a result, even manufacturers are
incorporating digital technology into their operations, giving
rise to the German idea of Intelligent Industries. The rate of
use of mobile phones, mobile applications, and
communication with any speech model to anyone, at any time,
and practically anyplace is steadily expanding, leading us to
conclude that we live in an unmatched communication culture.
conveyers dynamically reconfigure themselves to allow for
flexible multiproduct manufacturing, assembly, and
fabrication. To carry out a centralized method, the smart
industry ensures network adaptability for data analysis,
synthesis, and validation.

XIX. CONCLUSION REFERENCES

The study centered on the notion of Industrial 4.0, which
enables intelligent, efficient, effective, customized, and [1] Industrial Artificial Intelligence in Industry 4.0 . 4.0, R. S.
Peres et al.: Industrial Artificial Intelligence in Industry.
customizable manufacturing at a fair cost. Fast computers, Received October 31, 2020, accepted December 3, 2020,
smart gadgets, sensors, and low-cost data storage and transport date of publication December 7, 2020,, IEEE
may let machines and goods connect and learn from one access, p. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9285283.
another. The nine pillars of Industry 4.0 offered instances of [2] IndustryrevolutionSenPauls.J.
https://reader.elsevier.com/reader/sd/pii/S23519789183067
how to comprehend Industry 4.0's application and how to 2?token=B0EFC9531E239662BA
identify issues and concerns with its implementation. As A936F2F60449032BB3135BA640070E8AF08A909B5469
industry 4.0 grows new research streams, it should be acquired 8B6C7B065E4C18C44A70A64C
as a series of transparent and systematic assets and industrial 80EC7D3AE8&originRegion=eu-west-
1&originCreation=20211205070954, s.l. : ElSEVIER,
management, data collecting in production lines and the 2018, Vol. 06.
efficiency of that data for efficient equipment usage, and [3] Industry 4.0 Fundamentals and Main Challenges. HAMDI,
energy saving and optimization schedule. The phrase Sarah EL. June 12-14, 2019,
"Industrial 5.0" has been used to describe research fields that s.l. : IEEE , 2019, Vol. 04. https://sci-
hub.hkvisa.net/10.1109/LOGISTIQUA.2019.8907280.
are thought to be at the forefront of the next industrial [4] Research and Education for Industry 4.0 . Štefan Kozák,
revolution. Eugen Ružický, Juraj Štefanoviþ, Frank Schindler. Jan. 31 -
Intelligent manufacturing systems, industrial agents, product Feb. 3, 2018, Lazy pod Makytou, Slovakia, Slovakia : IEEE
driven systems, service-oriented architectures, cloud explorer, 2018.
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8337556.
computing, big data, machine-to-machine (M2M) [5] Sachin S. Kamblea, Angappa Gunasekaranb,∗, Shradha A.
communication, and holonic manufacturing systems are just a Gawankaraa Operations “Sustainable Industry 4.0
few of the new areas of research in CPS. Based on an framework: A systematic literature review identifying the
examination of current CPS developments, it is required to current trends and future perspectives”.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0957
bridge the gap between theory and practice in the coming 582018301629
years, and to equip future professionals and university
graduates with multidisciplinary skills and knowledge.
Over the last 2-3 years, we've seen a higher proliferation of
internet-enabled equipment for all types of applications,