The management of Eat Well Inc is considering whether to use whole wheat

flour or white wheat flour for all the types of cakes and breads it
manufactures. While all products made from either type of the flour are
equally profitable to the company, increased health consciousness among
people is likely to make them prefer whole wheat flour because it preserves
almost all the nutrients. Though the cost, per unit, of whole wheat flour is
higher than the per unit cost of white flour, it is not economically advisable to
use white flour because ---

a) the reduced cost price of white flour will not compensate the reduced
profits from lower sales.    
b) through the increased profit due to reduced production cost of white wheat
flour, eateries will cover the lost profits due to higher health consciousness.    
c) people who consume a healthy diet will find the results of the diet only in
the long run, not in the short term.    
d) The color of breads and cakes made from white wheat flour is more
attractive than that of those made from whole wheat flour.    

Firstly, people spend more or less a fixed amount of time online each week.
They do not allocate more time when something new comes along; instead,
they shift their fixed amount of attention to new sites at the expense of the old
sites. Secondly, people's online visits often come in short bursts rather than
extended leisurely strolls through cyberspace. Finally, people with higher
incomes spend less time online than those making less.
In the light of the above information, an assertion that consumers behave
online in a much different way from the way they do in markets in physical
world best supports which of the following further assertions?

a) Even shorter span of attention results in more sales for the companies with
online presence.    
b) People shopping in brick and mortar shops carve out more time for
shopping and for sniffing out the best bargains.    
c) The differences between online and offline shopping result in different
profitabilities of the respective companies.    
d) While online shopping was initially more useful for the customer, the
attention limitations tend to reduce this advantage over a period of time.    

B
The U.S has been criticized for making statements supporting peace and
respecting national sovereignty, while carrying out military actions such as the
one in Grenada, or fomenting a civil war in Colombia. The country advocates
free trade, but protects local industries with import tariffs. Its foreign policy
has also been criticized for advocating concerns for human rights, while
refusing to ratify the convention on the Rights of the Child. The country
verbally supports a respect for national sovereignty, but has supported
internal guerrilla movements, such as in Nicaragua.
Which of the following is a statement that can be given by a defender of the
U. S. foreign policy in the face of criticism given in the above argument?

a) Many a time, a civil war has been historically proved to have favorable
democratic results, which are most favored in modern times.    
b) No politically powerful country should not indulge in activities that run
counter to the sovereignty of other countries.    
c) International organizations that monitor transnational interactions are
already stringent in cases of interference from foreign countries.    
d) A policy of rhetoric while doing things counter to the rhetoric is necessary
to help secure victory against tyranny and totalitarianism.    

We are tempted to assume that technological progress is real progress and

that material success is the criterion of civilisation. If the Eastern people
become fascinated by machines and techniques and use them, as Western
nations do, to build huge industrial organisations and large military
establishments, they will get involved in power politics and drift into the
danger of death. Scientific and technological civilisation brings great
opportunities and great rewards but also great risks and temptations. Science
and technology are neither good nor bad. They are not to be tabooed but
tamed and assigned their proper place. They become dangerous only if they
become idols.
Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the conclusion above?

a) Material success and technological growth are synonymous with real

progress.    
b) Eastern people must avoid being controlled by machines and techniques of
industrial production.    
c) Real progress lies in having large industries and political power.    
d) Science and technology are useful, provided they are not worshipped
blindly.    

D
The Baudhāyana Shulba Sūtra of Rigveda mentions in detail the spoked
wheel with arbitrary number of spokes. Clearly, such verses would imply that
the authors of these verses knew the associated mathematical properties of
circle and square. These very properties are also found in Egyptian and
Babylonian scriptures written contemporaneously with Rigveda and used
extensively in mammoth constructions of the period. However, there was no
identifiable means of transportation between India and these places and
hence historians hypothesize that the mathematical properties developed
independently in these ancient locations.
Which of the following, if true, most weakens the historians' hypothesis?

a) The mammoth constructions found in the three ancient paces have many
stylistic dissimilarities.    
b) During ancient periods, intellectuals who would contemplate on serous
academic issues, were not as mobile as those who depended on other
manual jobs for their livelihood.    
c) In all ancient civilizations, principles of academic interest were embedded
in religious texts that reflects the religious culture of the specific regions.    
d) The elements of ancient geometry found in Egypt and Babylonia stem from
a ritual system of the kind found in Shulba Sūtra.    

D
Politician: When the global economic conditions are favorable, any party can
provide as much economic impetus to the country's economy as our party
does, for economic decisions are not difficult to make then. When the global
economic scenario is gloomy, it is a different story. Our party offers the best-
informed decisions that make our economy run smoothly and provide
employment opportunities to most. So, if you want your country's economy to
be optimally served in future, you should elect our party again.
Which of the following, if true, most substantiates the politician's conclusion?

a) The politician's party provides above average optimization of economic

resources during an economic downturn.    
b) The politician's party has a bias for certain industrial sectors that constitute
a major proportion of the country's exports.    
c) The present governance techniques have been well appreciated by many
diplomats across the globe.    
d) The political party, like any other political party, cannot offer unlimited
concessions to businesses to enable them to survive an economic downturn.
   
A
Sardonia has recently identified that air quality in its capital has drastically
been affected because of private transportation, especially of cars. To
improve, or at least to prevent any further deterioration of the air quality, it has
proposed strict emission control norms which mandate a reduction of 20%
vehicular emissions in the next four years. Although almost all the vehicles in
the capital city, given the prohibitive penalties, are likely to follow the revised
norms, it is unlikely that the air quality is likely to be at acceptable levels,
since ----

a) the present air quality of the capital city is not within acceptable levels.    
b) the increasing disposable incomes of the city’s residents may prompt many
to purchase their own cars.    
c) almost thirty percent of all vehicles are government vehicles, because most
of the country’s highest officials stay in the capital.    
d) lack of tree cover in the capital region does not, at least in part, act against
the polluting effect of vehicular traffic.    

Cane toads, a native of Central America and Mexico, were introduced into
some Asian countries as a means of pest control. They have an amazing
defense mechanism by virtue of which they produce a toxic ooze. While
predators in their native habitat are immune to this toxic ooze, predators in
other areas are not. With nothing around to keep their numbers in check, their
populations in non-native habitats have exploded. Consequently, native
animal and plant species have shown drastic decline.
It would be most useful to know which of the following would in order to
establish the causal relation mentioned above?

a) Whether the animals trying to predate on cane toads remain alive after
their attack on the toads.    
b) Whether native animal species are as adversely affected as are native
plant species.    
c) Whether the native animal and plant species in the central America and
Mexico show similar decline.    
d) Whether the areas that were not infested with cane toads in the Asian
countries showed similar decline in native species.    

Having to use antibiotics for prolonged periods when children are suffering
from chronic diseases has a difficulty: how to prevent the antibiotic resistance
both for bacteria and for the children. For at least some diseases, special
antibiotics that are periodically released for prolonged period when they are
given once are under development. Their efficacy reduces gradually as the
kids grow older. Therefore, these special antibiotics will be especially useful
for kids who ---

a) have allergic reactions to antibiotics.    

b) enjoy natural immunity to diseases that are neither chronic nor require
prolonged use of antibiotics.    
c) have to take prolonged medication for most of their lives.    
d) develop, as they grow up, natural immunity good enough to prevent the
chronic diseases from progressing.    

Previously, the government of country XYZ developed all software programs

it needs and employed people who could use this software. Now it plans to
include private software companies in the development of software it is going
to need in future. The government expects this shift to reduce the overall time
and cost of the implementation of its future software programs.
Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the government of
country XYZ’s expectation?

a) When software companies provide their own software, the government will
need to recruit new employees to work on those platforms.    
b) In order to provide software programs to the government, many of these
private software companies will have to add to their existing staff of
programmers.    
c) The private software companies, being considered, have on hand a wide
range of software codes that can be readily modified to meet the
government’s future requirements.    
d) When private software companies develop programs for the government,
the companies will compete to win the contracts for the program
development.    

City council member: The government’s expenditure on public service

provision has been increasing by 2.5 percent, and there is simply no more
possibility to increase revenues by imposing taxes or by increasing tax rates.
We must therefore begin to curtail provision of some services, which is why
the city council proposes passing a rule excluding some sections of the
residents from service provision.
The city council’s proposal assumes which of the following?
a) Increasing tax rates or imposing new taxes will result in tax evasion.    
b) The amount saved by not serving some sections of residents will be
enough to meet the increase in expenditure for the provision of services to
the rest.    
c) A city governance is obliged to provide services to its residents without
economic considerations or profit motto.    
d) Provision of some types of services to the city’s residents demand
allocation of more resources than to that of some other types of services
provided.    

A pharmaceutical company representative has said that the public furor

resulting from a few observations by government authorities about its
manufacturing facilities in its primary manufacturing unit has done nothing
adverse to its profits. Public activists however argue that the recent plunge of
the company’s profits is traceable to the observations made by government
authorities.
Which of the following, if true, would provide strongest support for the position
held by pharmaceutical company representative?

a) When any unfavorable information about a medical manufacturing process

comes to light, consumers of that medicine are likely to look for alternatives.
   
b) Because of international trade conditions, the cost of chemicals used in the
manufacture of drugs produced by the company has almost doubled during
the last year.    
c) When companies that produce consumer durable goods are involved in
some controversy, people are unlikely to stop patronizing their products.    
d) Any observations by government authorities are given wide publicity only if
the observations are related to serious lapses in manufacturing process.    

Government’s attempts to reduce black money have become much less

effective, with fewer people reporting their unaccounted money. When black
money disclosure schemes are periodically announced, fewer and fewer
people are responding to the schemes. Thus, an effective way for
governments to improve tax revenues while eradicating the problem of black
money would be to more carefully target tax evaders by undertaking tax
amnesties.
Which of the following, if true, would most support the recommendation
above?
a) People who want to evade taxes are as likely to avoid tax amnesty
program as to other money disclosure programs offered by the government.
   
b) Responses to government amnesty program depend on the extent of
unaccounted money a person has.    
c) Response rates to offered tax amnesties are considerably higher, on
average, than responses to other money disclosure schemes.    
d) People not ready to participate in tax amnesty are not likely to participate in
any other disclosure programs which are likely to be more stringent.    

First the colors. Then the humans. That’s usually how I see things. Or at
least, how I try.
HERE IS A SMALL FACT: You are going to die.
I am in all truthfulness attempting to be cheerful about this whole topic,
though most people
find themselves hindered in believing me, no matter my protestations. Please,
trust me. I most
definitely can be cheerful. I can be amiable. Agreeable. Affable. And that’s
only the A’s. Just
don’t ask me to be nice. Nice has nothing to do with me.
REACTION TO THE AFOREMENTIONED FACT: Does this worry you?
I urge you—don’t be afraid. I’m nothing if not fair.
—Of course, an introduction.
A beginning.
Where are my manners?
I could introduce myself properly, but it’s not really necessary. You will know
me well enough and soon enough, depending on a diverse range of
variables. It suffices to say that at some point in time, I will be standing over
you, as genially as possible. Your soul will be in my arms. A color will be
perched on my shoulder. I will carry you gently away. At that moment, you will
be lying there (I rarely find people standing up). You will be caked in your own
body. There might be a discovery; a scream will dribble down the air. The only
sound I’ll hear after that will be my own breathing, and the sound of the smell
of my footsteps.
The question is, what color will everything be at that moment when I come for
you? What will the sky be saying? Personally, I like a chocolate-colored sky.
Dark, dark chocolate. People say it suits me. I do, however, try to enjoy every
color I see—the whole spectrum. A billion or so flavors, none of them quite
the same, and a sky to slowly suck on. It takes the edge off the stress. It
helps me relax.
A SMALL THEORY: People observe the colors of a day only at its beginnings
and ends, but to me it’s quite clear that a day merges through a multitude of
shades and intonations, with each passing moment. A single hour can consist
of thousands of different colors. Waxy yellows, cloud-spat blues. Murky
darknesses. In my line of work, I make it a point to notice them.
As I’ve been alluding to, my one saving grace is distraction. It keeps me sane.
It helps me cope, considering the length of time I’ve been performing this job.
The trouble is, who could ever replace me? Who could step in while I take a
break in your stock-standard resort-style vacation destination, whether it be
tropical or of the ski trip variety? The answer, of course, is nobody, which has
prompted me to make a conscious, deliberate decision—to make distraction
my vacation. Needless to say, I vacation in increments. In colors. Still, it’s
possible that you might be asking, why does he even need a vacation? What
does he need distraction from?
Which brings me to my next point. It’s the leftover humans. The survivors.
They’re the ones I can’t stand to look at, although on many occasions I still
fail.

Q11.   Which of the following inferences can be drawn from the passage?
1 Justice is the narrator of this passage.
2 Death fails to conquer those the narrator refers to as survivors.
3 Not all humans have a soul.
4 The narrator doesn’t like his job.

a) Only IV    
b) I, II, and IV    
c) II and III    
d) None of the above    

Q12.   The narrator’s tone towards his audience can best be described as

a) Empathetic.    
b) Commiserating.    
c) Euphemistic.    
d) Condescending.    

Q13.   Which of the following can be inferred from the sentences, ‘I vacation
in increments. In colors.’?

a) The narrator cannot earn even a momentary respite from his job.    
b) The narrator quantifies time using colours.    
c) The narrator feels better as the day gets darker.    
d) The task referred to in the passage cannot be paused even for a brief
while.    

Q14.   The expression ‘the sound of the smell of my footsteps’ comprises of

a) a paradox followed by a metaphor.    

b) a metaphor followed by personification.    
c) a metaphor followed by foreshadowing.    
d) a metaphor followed by an allusion.    

Para Summary

Anthropologists have not always been as aware as they might be of this fact:
that although culture exists in the trading post, the hill fort, or the sheep run,
anthropology exists in the book, the article, the lecture, the museum display,
or, sometimes nowadays, the film. To become aware of it is to realize that the
line between mode of representation and substantive content is as
undrawable in cultural analysis as it is in painting; and that fact in turn seems
to threaten the objective status of anthropological knowledge by suggesting
that its source is not social reality but scholarly artifice.

a) What differentiates culture from anthropology is that the former is a social

reality while the latter is a scholarly deception.    
b) Anthropology’s standing is undermined by the possibility that its basis is
not social reality but scholarly deception.    
c) Anthropology is not as much about substantive social content as it is about
a way of representing that content in a scholarly context.    
d) Anthropologists have begun to accept that anthropology is more about
scholarly interpretation than about actual social reality.    

1 But, it also exists in a delicate state of balanced layers.

2 One of the critical experiences of life in big cities is that of privacy, a
rare and very valuable commodity, and one of the things that makes city
life so attractive.
3 An essential middle tier of people — the people who are unfailingly,
consistently on the periphery of one’s day — guarantee this privacy,
and therefore this other kind of trust.
 4 Privacy is made possible by the complete anonymity of the city, but
complete anonymity does not support the kind of trust that is vital for
cities.

2143

1 Although the evolutionary importance of the Burgess Shale is

universally acknowledged, there is disagreement on the mode of
preservation of the fossils after burial.
2 Delicate morphological details are replicated in the elemental maps,
showing that authigenic (a mineral formed where it was found)
mineralization was fundamental to preserving the fossils, even though
some organic remains are also present.
3 These differences reflect the compositions of the minerals that
replicated the decaying organism, which were controlled by contrasts in
tissue chemistry.
4 Elemental mapping demonstrates that the relative abundance of
elements varies between different anatomical features of the
specimens.

1432

1 The 18th-century German thinker Adam Weishaupt was not, he said,

against religion itself, but rather the way in which it was practiced and
imposed.
2 So, on the night of May 1, 1776, the first Illuminati, five men bathed in
torchlight, met to found the order in a forest near Ingolstadt, where they
established the rules that were to govern the order.
3 All future candidates for admission required the members’ consent, a
strong reputation with well-established familial and social connections,
and wealth.
4 His thinking, he wrote, offered freedom from all religious prejudices;
cultivates the social virtues; and animates them by a great, feasible,
and speedy prospect of universal happiness.
5 In the beginning, the order’s membership had three levels: novices,
minervals, and illuminated minervals.

5 ( 1423)