ICS 45.040 S05 RAILWAY INDUSTRY STANDARD OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA TB/T 3275-2011 Concrete for Railway Engineering RE EL Issued on December 7, 2014 Issued by National Railway Administration of the People's Republic of ChinaRAILWAY INDUSTRY STANDARD OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA Concrete for Railway Engineering TB/T 3275-2011 Issued by Ministry of Railways of the People's Republic of China Issued Date: July 15, 2011 Valid Date: January 1, 2012 China Railway Publishing House Beijing 2014mA (CIP) RE 2011 FERIA it A SRB RAE A. T/T 327 SAT AR LRT. — 2014. 12 ISBN 978-7-115-19753-7 [Oi Oa Uh OCT teak HX W.Da5 PBINCA IE tH CIP BAR HF (2010 98 297071 Chinese version first published in the People's Republic of China in 2011 English version first published in the People's Republic of China in 2014 by China Railway Publishing House No. 8. You'anmen West Street-Xicheng District Beijing. 100054 www. tdpress, com Printed in China by Printing Factory of China Railway Publishing House © 2011 by Ministry of Railways of the People’s Republic of China All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means , electronic or mechanical , including photocopying. recording, or by any information storage and retrieval systems. without the prior written consent of the pul This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise. be lent, resold, hired out or otherwise circulated without the publisher’ s prior consent in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser. ISBN 978-7-113-19753-7Introduction to the English Version To promote the exchange and cooperation in railway technology between China and the rest of the world, China Academy of Railway Sciences, entrusted by National Railway Administration of the People's Republic of China organized the translation and preparation of Chinese railway technology and product standards. This standard is the official English language version of Concrete for Railway Engineering (TB/T 3275-2011), The original Chinese vers Ministry of Railways of the People’s Republic of China and came into effect on January 1, 2012, In n of this standard was issued by the former case of discrepancies between the two versions, the Chinese version shall prevail. National Railway Administration of the People's Republic of China owns the copyright of this English version, ‘The English version was prepared by China Academy of Railwa Sciences, China Academy of Building Research, Academy of Building of China Metallugrical Group Corporation and Beijing Jiaotong University provided great support during review of this English version. Your comments are invited for next revision of this standard and should be addressed 10 Technology and Legislation Department of National Railway Administration and China Academy of Railway Sciences. Address: Technology and Legislation Department of National Railway Administration, No. 64 Fuxing Road, Beijing. 100891, P.R, China, China Academy of Railway Sciences No, 2, Daliushu Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, P.R. China, Email; liudalei0912@ 126, com The translation was performed by Liu Dalei, Chen Min, Chen Qi, Han Xu, Li Hangius Zhang Yuchen, Qian Jun, ‘The translation was reviewed by Xie Yongjiang, Zhu Changhua, Hao Tingyu, Leng Faguangy Peng Gaifei, Lou Liangwei, Zhong Xinhua, Li Xiangtao.Notice on the Issuance of the English Version of Nineteen Railway Technical Standards including Rolling Stock Gauge of Standard Gauge Railways by National Railway Administration Document Guo Tie Ke Fa [20141] No. 62 To promote the exchange and cooperation in railway technology between China and the rest of the world, National Railway Administration organized the translation and preparation of nineteen C railway technical standards including Rolling Stock Gauge of Standard Gauge Railways. In case of discrepancies between the original Chinese version and the English version. the Chinese version shall The English version is published and distributed by China Railway Publishing House, Attached here is a list of the English version of these technical standards, 5 Chinese ttle English tle Standard number | 1 | semeMLRERRENLE EARLE — | Rolling Stock Gauge of Standard Gauge Railways GB 146, 1.1985, 2 | pre mye SUR Steucture Gauge of Standard Gauge Railways | GB tse. 2198 3 | seme Concrete for Reilway Engineering Tw/T 3275-2011 4S kg/m~ 75 halon HALA SCE | Technical Specifications for Procurement of 43 kx/m - 5 1 “TwrT 2344-20 Adee 175 ka/m Rails ee 5 | ema SRC Railway Tarnout Number “TB/T 3171-2007 6 mae Conerete Sleper ‘T/T 2190-2013 7) seman ita Reilway Ballast ‘TH/T 2140-2008 Prasini~ 8 | eeabre ciin ere rik ‘Test Method for Reilway Ballast poe 2528 19-2008 ‘HUONG Ue BULLE AB AR | Technical Speciation of Precnt Post tension Prestressed i 9 ‘TWIT 4043-2005 BRD TRIER et Concrete Simple sported Tiners for Railway Brees | 1o | Bestest se Pot Bearings for Railway Bridges TH/T 2331-2018 | ean Railway Signaling Terms TH/T 454-1981 1 | eA A rR A Technical Specifications for Railway Cab Signaling ‘Th/T 2117-1990sin Chinse tie English tite |. Standard number | - 13 | mem aeRO (Ce Sigal Systems Onboard “Tw/T 3087-2013 | eae Ax aves AX Series Relays fr Railway Signaling owt 7417-2010 15 | meastiuAcebmstae RAH | Techni Specictions of All-ay Electronic Inteiocking | THY 1774-1986 Techaical Specifications for Automatie Railway Tter 16 | Ber ame ae bie : Reiley Teter | ay-7 2668-2004 station Block Equipment 17 | BERS HA BAC | Generel Technic! Speciation for Relay Signal Ae | ayy att Counter Technical Specifations for Railway SemPavtomatc ue) eaprnamaaran | ee Se Tw 2497-1994 19 | vembesammseser att | Technical Specifications for Railway Station Coding | TH/T 2465-2010 ional Railway Administration of the People’s Republic of China December 7, 2014Contents Foreword 1 Scope 2 Normative References 3. Terms and Definitions 1 Basie Provisions 4.1 Design Working 42 E 4.3. Environmental Action Grade vironment Category 5. Technical Requirements -~ Properties of Raw Materials Properties of Mixture ++ Mechanical Property Durability ++ Long-term Performance 5.6 Solid Concrete Quality 6 Test Method « 6.1 Cement 6.2 Fly Ash « 6.3. Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag +++ 6.4 Silica Fume 6.5. Fine Aggregate 5.6 Coarse Aggregate 6.7 High-Rangewater Reducer 6.8 High-Range Water Reducer of Polycurboxylate type 6.9 AirEntraining Agent . sso 6.10 Water 6.11 Mixture Performance 19 6.12 Mechanical Property 6.13. Durability 5.14 Long-term Performanes 6.15 Solid Concrete Quality Mix Proportion 1. General Requirements 2 Parameter Limit Design Method 8 Construction aL 1. General Requirements 8.2. Adjustment of Mix Proportion 8.3. Critical points for Quality Control9° Inspection 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 Appendix A(Normative) Method for Rapid Detection of Sulfate General Requirements » Inspection before Construction Inspection during Construction Post-construetion Inspection ‘orrosion Resistance Performance of Cement or Binder Appendix B(Normative) Method for Detection of Effectiveness of Mineral Admixture and Appendix C(Normative) Test Method for Cl” Content in Coarse Aggregate ----" Appendix D(Normative) Method for Detection of Air Bubble Spacing Coefficient of Hardened Chemical Admixture for Inhibiting Alkali-Aggregate Reaction erat) Conerete (Straight Wire Method) + Appendix E(Normative) Test Method for Ratio of Bleeding Rate of Concrete under Appendix F(Normative) Test Method for Permeability of Concrete Surface PressureForeword ‘This standard is drafted by reference to GB/T 1. 1-2009. T Railways. standard is managed by the Standards and Metrological Institute of the Ministry of ‘This standard is drafted by China Academy of Railway Sciences, Tsinghue University, China Railway 12" Bureau Group Co., Ltd. and China Railway 17 Bureau Group Co.s Ltd. qT standard is mainly drafted by Xie Yongjiang, Zhu Changhua, Lian Huizhen, Zhong Xinhua, Li Huajian, Zheng Xinguoy Huang Zhijiu and Liu Shi’an.Concrete for Railway Engineering 1 Scope This standard specifies the technical requirements, test methods. mixture and construction requirements and quality inspection of coneretes for railway construction. This standard is applicable to concrete for railway engineering. 2 Normative References The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references. only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including corrigendum) applies. GB175_ Common Portland Cement GB/T176 Methods for Chemical Analysis of Cement GB/T 208 Standard Test Method for Cement Density GB/T1346 Test Methods for Water Requirement of Normal Consistency Setting Time and Soundness of the Portland Cement GB/T 1596 Fly Ash Used for Cement and Concrete GB8076 Concrete Admixtures GB/T8077 Methods for Testing Uniformity of Concrete Admixture GB/T9142 Concrete Mixers GB/T 17671 Method of Testing Cements Determination of Strength (ISO Method ) GB/T 18046 Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag Used for Cement and Concrete GB 18582 Indoor Decorating and Refurbishing Materials-Limit of Harmful Substances of Interior Architectural Coatings GB/T 18736 Mineral Admixtures for High Strength and High Performance Concrete GB/T21372 Portland Cement Clinker GB/T50080 Standard for Test Method of Performance on Ordinary Fresh Concrete GB/T50081 Standard for Test Method of Mechanical Properties on Ordinary Concrete GB/T 50082 Standard for Test Methods of Long-term Per formance and Durability of Ordinary Concrete GB/T 14684 Sand for Building GB/T 14685. Pebble and Crushed Stone for Building JG) 63. Standard of Water for Concrete ‘TB/T 2922.1 Test Methods for Alkali Activity of Aggregate for Railuay Concrete Litho facies Method TB/T2922.4 Test Methods for Alkali Activity of Aggregate for Railway Concrete Rock Colum Method TB/T 2922. 5 Mortar-bar Method TB10103 Regulation for Rock and Soil Chemical Analysis of Railway Engineering TB1O104 Code for Water Analysis of Railway Engineering TB10125 Standard for Check and Accept Concrete Strength of Railway Test Methods for Alkali Activity of Aggregate for Railway Concrete Rapid area3 Terms and Definitions For the purpose of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1. Design Service Life Target service life taken by designers as the basis for structural durability and having sufficient safety degree or assurance rate. or Binder terms of cement and mineral admixtures for preparation of concrete. 3.3 Water to Binder Ratio The mass ratio of total water quantity and total binder quantity in concrete mixture. 3.4 Deterioration Gradual injury and damage of materials as a result of physical, chemical or electrochemical reactions with ambient environmental factors. The deterioration of steel is called corrosion. 3.5 Resistance Coefficient to Sulfate Attack of Binder The ratio between the flexural strength of cement or binder mortar specimens soaked in sodium sulfate with certain concentration and the flexural strength of mortar specimens at the same age soaked in clean potable water, which is used to evaluate the cement or binder resistance to sulfate chemical attack. 3.6 Passed Electric Charge Total electric charge that passes the spec d sectional area of concrete under certain conditions. which is used to evaluate the concrete resistance to penetration of water, ion or other medium, 3.7 Chloride Diffusion Coefficient Parameter describing the diffusion process of chloridion in water in concrete pores from high concentration area to low area, which is used to evaluate the concrete resistance to chloridion ion attack. 3.8 Level of Resistance to Freezing-thawing of Concrete ‘The class of concrete resistance to freezing-thawing classified by the maximum number of freezing and thawing cycles measured with fast freezing method, which is used to evaluate the concrete resistance to the attack from freezing and thawing cycle. 3.9 Air Bubble Spacing The average of distances between neighboring sir bubble edges in hardened concrete. 3.10 Level of Resistance to Sulphate Physical Attack of Concrete The class of concrete resistance to sulphate physical attack classified by the maximum number of drying and watering cycles measured with the method of sulfate corrosion resistance, which is used 0 evaluate the concrete resistance to sulphate physical attack. 4 Basie Provisions 4.1 Design Working Life The design service life of concrete structure for railway engineering shall conform to the provisions shown in Table 1. Table 1 Design Service Life of Concrete Structure for Railway Construction Grade Design working ile if 50 years uw 30 years4.2 Environment Category ‘The environment where the concrete structure for railway engineering is divided into 6 categories and reinforcement and shall be determined as based on its mechanism of corrosion to conerete materi shown in Table 2. Table 2 Environment Category Environment category Corrosion mechanism Carbonation environment Reinforcement corrosion caused by carbonation of conerete cover Chloride environment Reinforcement corrosion caused by chloride penetrating in conerete Concrete damage caused by chemical reaction between sulfate or other chemical Chemical environment substances and cement hydration products Concrete damage caused by erystllization and expansion of sulfate and other Salt physical stack sovionment | “OS ae . cezing-thawing environment | Conerete damage caused by repeated freezing-thawing effects Concrete surface damage caused by high-speed flow of sandstorm, sand, river Abrasion environment water or sediment on the surface 4,3. Environmental Action Grade 4.3.1 The action grade of carbonation environment shall conform to the provisions in Table 3. For ed on the other side, the action the thin type structure that is dry on one side and wet or water-saturai grade of concrete on the dry side shall be considered as T3. ‘Table 3. Action Grade of Carbonation Environment Action grade Environmental condition Annual mean relative humidity indoors < 60% rr Underwater (excluding seawater) or i sel for # long time ‘Annual mean relative humidity indoors 2 60% 2 ‘Outdoor environment Tn the aren with fluctuation of water level Ts Ina dry-wer alternate area 4.3.2 The action grade of chloride environment shall conform to the provisions in Table 4 Table 4 Action Grade of Chloride Environment Action grade Envizonmental condition In seawater or salt lake water or in sol for a lang time Marine atmospheric zone 15 m above the average water level Li Constal area 100-300 m away from the tide coastline Concentration of Cl. in wate Concentration of Cl. in soil 2150 me/kg and <750mg/ kes with dry-wet alternationTable 4 Action Grade of Chloride Environment(continued) Action grade ronmental condition Marine atmospheric zone with the sverage water level not more than 15 m LB = Coastal ares with a distance of wot more than 100m from the tide coastline ‘Seawater tidal zone and splashing zone (not-hot area) ie Concentration of Cl. in water >500 mg/L and <5 000 mg/L+ with dry-wet alternation Concentration of Cl” in soil >750 mg/kg and <7 500 mg/kg» with dry-wet alternation Seawater tidal zone and splashing zone (hot area) Capillary adsorption zone on the ground in saline soil area Concentration of Cl” in water >5000 mg/l.» with dry-wet alternation Concent mn of Cl in soil >7 500 mg/kg. with dey-wer alternation Notes Hot area refers to the area with the annual mean temperature higher than 20°C. 4.3.3 The action grade of chemical environment shall conform to the provisions of Tabl ble 5 Action Grade of Chemical Environment Environmental condition ‘SOF in soil with strong] SOE in soil with weak Action Aggressive CO.| rede {SO° 19 water] water permeability | water permeability | pH value of |" Mg’ in water mg/L Gwater solubility? | Crater solubilityy | acid water raig/L i ng/L ma/kg ma/ke i 200 P30 >1 500 <65 >is 300 <1000 <1500 <6000 oe <10 <1000 >1000 >6000 <5.5 1000 He <4000 <15 000 S45 <3000 >4000 >6000 15000 S100 3000 <10000 215000 S40 Ha | >r0000 S150 - When the concrete structure is in an environment with high content of sulfate (the content of SO! in water is treater than 20000mg/'L and that in soil is greater than 30000eg/kg) the technical measures for ite durability shall be determined through special experimental study and demonstration. In case acid rain exists in the envionment, it shall be considered with the effect of acid water attack, but its corresponding action grade may be degraded for one level. Note: The soil with steong water permeability refers 10 gravelly soil and sandy soily the soil with weak water permeability refers to silt and cohesive soll 4.3.4 The action grade of salt phy Table 6. | attack environment shall conform to the provisions of race‘Table 6 Action Grade of Salt Physical Attack Environment Environmental condition Action grade SOD in water SO} in soil (water solubiley) onal snake 200 300 vI 540 <750 >500 >150 ye <2000 2000 3.000 <5000 Ya S500 For the concrete structure in saline soil area. the concrete buried in 5 shall be considered with the effect of chemical environments when the atmospheric environment is windy and dry. the conetete in capillary absorption zone ‘exposed on the earth surface shall be considered with the effect of salt physical attack environment For the thin-wall concret racture Ce. tunnel lining) with one side contacting saline environmental water (or soiD) and the other side being free and located ina dry and windy environments the concrete contacting saline ceavironmental water (or soil) shall be considered with the effect of chemical environment and the concrete with free surface shall be considered with the effect of salt physical atack environment. When the concrete structure is located in an area with high coatent of sulfate (the content o in environmental water is greater than 10.000 mg/L and that in environmental soil is greater then 15000 mg/kg the technical measures for its durability shall be determined through special research and evaluation 4.3.5 The action grade of freezing-thawing environment shall conform to the pro Table 7 Action Grade of Freezing-thawing Environment ‘Action grade Enviroamental condition Di Slight freezing conditions, with concrete frequently contacting water Slight freezing conditions, with concrete locating in the area with fluctuation of water level be Severe cold and cold conditions, with concrete frequently contacting water Slight freezing con tions. with concrete frequently contacting water containing chloride Severe cold and cold conditions. with concrete locating inthe area with fluciuation of water level Slight freezing conditions. with concrete locating in the area with level fluctuation of water Ds F containing chloride Severe cold and cold conditions, with conerete frequently contacting water containing chloride Severe cold and cold conditions, with concrete locating in the area with level fluctuation of wa pa + containing chloride Note 1;The mean temperature in the coldest month under severe cold condition. cold condition and alight freezing condition is respectively: FS —8U. —8T <1< ~3U and 30 case Note 2: The water containing chloride includes seawat and groundwater or salt lake water containing chloride, ete 4.3.6 The action grade of abrasion environment shall conform to the provisions of Table 8.‘Table 8 Action Grade of Abrasion Environment Action grade Environmental condition sadstorm region with the wind scale > moderate gale and the number of annual accumulative iE Jatorm region with the vderate gale and i i indy days more than 90 days Sandstorm region with the wind seale > strong gale and the number of annual accumulative windy days more than 90 days Me River channel with strong collision of drift ice (0.5m below the water level line of ice layer 1.0m shove the seater level ine of ice layer) River channel with the sand content in flood season being 200 k/m'=1 000 g/m! Sandstorm region with the wind scale 2 storm and the number of annual accumulative windy days more than 90 days Ms River channel with the sand content in flood season more than 1000 kg/m’ River channel mixing with lots of coarse particle gravels in the northwest gobi desert arca in flood period 4.3.7. The environment with the action grade of L3, Ha, Y4, Dé and M3 is severely corrosive environment. 5 Technical Requirements 5.1 Properties of Raw Materials 5.1.1 General requirements 6.1.1.1 Common Portland cement shall be selected; high early strength cement should not be used. Portland cement or common Portland cement shall be selected for C30 and higher-grade coneretes; fly ash Portland cement, slag powder Portland cement or composite Portland cement may be used for the concrete with the grade below C30. 6.1.1.2. The mineral admixtures like fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag and silica fume with stable properties shall be selected. 5.1.1.3 Fine aggregates shall be made of clean natural medium-coarse river sands with proper graduation, solid textures low water absorption and small porosity or artificial sands produced with special units; seas sands shall not be used. 5.1.1.4 Coarse aggregates shall be made of clean gravels with good grain shapes, solid texture and low coefficient of linear expansion. Pebbles can be used for the conerete with the grade below C40 without requirements on te ile and fatigue resistance. 5.1.1.8 The chemical admixture shall be the product with stable quality that can significantly improve the concrete durability. The chemical admixture shall be well compatible with cement and mineral admixtures. Its type and dosage shall be determined by trial test. 6.1.1.6 The mixing water may be drinking water or water from other sources meeting the requirements of this standards seawater shall not be used. 5.1.1.7. Seawater shall not be used as the water for curing. 5.1.2 Cement In addition to the provisions of GB175, the cement properties shall also meet the requirements of Table 9. 16s‘Table 9 Properties of Cement 1 esi aoe | 0m he 550 he 2 [content of fe C0 = 108 a Allali content a < 0.80% 4 | Content of G\A in clinker < 3% When the concrete structure is located in s sulfate chemical environments the concrete shall be made from cement with low content of CA and the corrosion resistance coefficient of the binder (564) shall not be lower than 0.8. The corrosion resistance coefficient shall be tested with the method specified in Appendix A. ‘When the aggregate possesses alkal-slia renction activity. the alkali content in water shall not exceed 0. 6%. The alkali content in cement used for C40 and higher grade concrete should not exceed 0, 60%. When the conerete structure is located in a chloride environment the concrete should be made from cement with low content of CI + sulfate-resistant Portland cement should not be used. 5.1.3 Fly ash ‘The properties of fly ash shall meet the requirements of Table 10. Table 10 Properties of Fly Ash Technical requirement No Inspection item — =630 1 | Fineness Sti.0% Water reqirement ratio I 105% Tuition lose <8.0% CH coment <0.07% Water content 1.0% (lor dry emiosion of fy ash) ‘SO; content - 3.0% a0 content 30 9 | Soundess < 8% (= 5% when it is used for prestressed conerete structure) 10 | Content of sulfide and sulfate <0. 11 | Cr content < 0.02% 12 _| Organic coment (pebble) Lighter than standard color 13 | Alkali activity In compliance with the provisions in Table 19 Note 1; When the coarse aggregate is made of gravels the strength of gravel shell be expressed with the compressive strength of rock Note 2; The strength of coarse aggregate may be controlled with the crush index during construction ‘Table 17 Cumulative Screen Residue Percentage of Gravel or Pebble uae Side length of meh ial 2.36 AT! 95 16.0 19.0 26.5 | 315 | 37.5 53 95%-100% | 80%-100% | 0-159 0 aaa - - sie | osvi00% | aaxioow [someon | ove [0 | — ; 20 | osvi-i00% | 100% | woreaon cwx |e | - | 525 | psvi-i0% | x-100% w-10% om |e | Sans | ssve0n | 0% 100% | 90H waar | Q oa0 ~__[osv-1aox [7ox-00% wien] - | - Lom[ > ‘The maximum nominal grain size of coarse aggregate should not exceed 2/3 of the thickness of the concrete protective layer of reinforcement and. in caxe of severely corrosive environment, it should not exceed 1/2 and shall not exceed 3/4 of the mini For preparation of C50 and higher grade concrete, the maximum nominal grain size of coarse aggregate shall be not vam spacing of reinforcement. ‘more than 25 mm. Table 18 Crush Index of Coarse Aggregate ‘Strength grade 0.50% Prohibited for use ‘The aggregate with alkali-carbonate reaction ectvity shall not be used 5.1.8 High-Range water reducer ‘The properties of high efficiency water reducer shall conform to the provisions in Table 20. The properties of polycarboxylate-type high efficiency water reducer shall conform to the provisions in Table 21 ‘The properties of air-entraining agent shall conform to the provisions in Table 22. The uniformity of chemical admixture shall conform to the provisions in GB8076. When other new type chemical admixtures are applied, they shall be demonstrated experimentally and reviewed by the competent authority. ‘Table 20 Properties of High Range Water Reducer ‘Technical requirement No. Inspection iter Standard type Delayed setting type 1 | Water reducing rate 2 | Air content 2 | Ratio of bleeding rate Ratio of bleeding rate under pressure (for preparation of 4 aia <00% pump concrete) 1d > 140% : ad 3 130% 5 | Ratio of compressive strength 7a 318% 315% 28d B120% Bl20% 6 | Lhslump variation Cfor preparation of pump concrete) <50 mm Initial seting +90 min 7 | Setting time difference 90 min-+120 min | _] Final setting - | Sodium sulfate content Chased on equivalent sali content) 9 [Ch content Chased on equivalent solid content) a _ | Alkali content Chased on equivalent solid content) 7 11 | Ratio of shrinkageTable 21 Properties of Polycarboxylate-type High-performance Water Reducer Technical requirement No. Inspection item High early Standard type | Delayed setting type| strength type 1 | Water reducing 3I8% 2 | Aircontent <3.0% 3 | Ratio of bleeding rate <20% Ratio of bleeding rate under pressure (for 4 = = <00% preparation of pump conerete) 1d P180% P170% ad S110% S160% - 5 | Retio of compressive strength 7d 25% 2 150% B0% 28d 2 190% 140% B130% 1h slump variation Clor preparation of pum ‘ : frees mm <80 mm <0 min vit sting S490 min 7 | Setting ime difference =90 min-+90 min |—90 mite +120 mig} Final setting Formaldehyde content (based on equivalent 8 ve “ <0.05% solid content) ‘Sodium sulfate content (based on equivalent ® : i <5.0% solid content) 10 | CE content sed on etalon sli concent) <0.6% Alkali content Chased on equivalent solid u : “ <10% 12__| Ratio of shrinkage 110% ‘Table 22 Properties of Air-Entraining Agent No. Inspection tem Technical requirement 1 | Water reducing rate 36K 2 | Air content 3h0% 3 | Ratio of bleeding rate <70% 4 | Theale content variation 154-4 1.5% 3d 305% Ratio of compressive strength | 7d 295 28a 90% Final setting 6 | Setting time difference = 90 min +120 min Trivial setting 7 | Ratio of shrinkage 105% 8 | Relative durabilisy index (200 times) 80% 9 | Air bubble spacing coefficient of 28¢ hardened concrete 500 pm5.1.9 Water 5.1.9.1 The properties of mixing water shall meet the requirements of Table 23. ‘Table 23 Properties of Mixing Water Technical requirement No, Inspection item Prestressed concrete | Reinforced concrete | Plain concrete | pit value > 65 > 6.5 > 65 2 | Insoluble substance content < 2000 mg/l < 2000 mg/L. < 5000 ma/t. 3 | Soluble substance content < 2000 mgt < 5000 me/I. < 10000 mg/L < 500me/L. |< a50mg/L. Casing ste _ * < 1000 mg/L. < $500 me/L. 4 | Chloride coment wire oF reinforcement alter heat treatment } < 200 mg /I.(conerete in a chloride environment) | Sulfate content < 600 mg/L. <2000 me/L. <2700me/1. 6 | Alkali content < 1500 mq < 1500 me/L <1500me/L 7 | Ratio of compressive strength (284) 290% 8 | Setting time difference <30min For the concrete steueture with reinforcement ratio lower than the minimum reinforcement ratios the properties of water for concrete mixing shall be the same ax those of reinforeed concrete in this table, 6.1.9.2 Except that no requirements are specified for the insoluble substances and soluble substances. the other properties of water for curing shall meet the requirements of mixing water. 5.2 Properties of Mixture 5.2.1 Workability The workability of fresh concrete shall be determined based on the type and molding manner of conerete structure, In general, the workability of concrete should meet the requirements in Table 24. Table 24 Workability of Concrete Workebility Capon casting) ‘Type of structure/member Molding manner | 87 S008 See Evaluation method Index Sleeper Densification actor method | 1. 05-1. 40 Vilbrating platform * OS post Cequare) Vebe Consistency Bos Type 1 track slab Slump method <120 mm Type IL tack slab Adhesive vibration [Slurp method 150 mm Type Ol wack slab Slump method 120 mm Eleetrie pole Slump method 100mm centrifuge post (round) Slump method 100mm Piles abutment. pile caps T beam, track bed slabs Vibesting rod bases culverts tunnel linings inverted arch and Slump method <10mm on (bucket delivery) vise‘Table 24 Workability of Concrete(continued) ] Workability Capon casting) ‘Type of structure/member ‘Molding: manner Evaluation method Index Pile, abutment. pile caps box beams track bed slabs Laeeaiacas - Vibrating rod ase, culvect, tunnel linings inverted arch and | ¢ ; Slump method <200 mm subgrade retainer, ete Part fae ‘Slump method 220mm J sett-compaction Extension method 900 mm Filing layer Extension method 750mm 6.2.2 Air content ‘The air content of concrete shall meet the design requirements, In case of no relevant design requirement the minimal air content of concrete under different environment shall meet the requirements in Table 25, Table 25 Minimal Air Content of Concrete Freezing-thawing environment [Salt physical attack environment] Other Envizonmental condition Dr 2. D8 pa Yi, ¥2, Yi. Ya cvironments Air content (for casting) 5.0% 6.0% 40% 2.0% The air content of beam and track slab concrete shall be 2.0%4- 4.0% 5.2.3. Temperature ‘The temperature of concrete for casting should be 5°C-30°C. 5.2.4 Setting time The setting time of concrete shall meet the requirements of transportation, pouring and curing, processes and shall be determined experimentally. 5.2.5 Bleeding Bleeding of concrete mixture shall not occur. 6.2.6 Uniformity The relative deviation of mortar density in concrete shall not exceed 0.8% and that of coarse aggregate mass shall not exceed 5%: 5.3. Mechanical Property 5.3.1 Under different environments, the compressive strength of concrete for bridge cast-in-situ pile and tunnel lining shall meet the requirements in Table 26. Table 26 Minimal Compressive Strength of Concrete for Bridge Cast-in-situ Pile and Tunnel Lining Envizonmental Castinsit pile “Tunnel lining Environment category = action grade [Reinforced concrete] Plain concrete | Reinforced concrete] Plain conerete 1 30 C0 C30. C30 Carhonation : 1 35 30 35, x0 Ts cw C30 co 30 u ew cs cw C35, Chloride 2 co C35, co C35, 1s 30 35 50 35,‘Table 26 Minimal Compressive Strength of Concrete for Bridge Cast-in-situ Pile and Tunnel Lining( continued) Each Cantinsity pile Tunnel lining Environment estegory action grade | Reinforced concrete| Plain concrete | Reinforced concrete | Plain concrete HI 35 3s. 35, 35 Chemical Hz coo cw co cio | ‘environment Hs cs cs: | as Hi cs cs C45 7 yi Ale cas Salt physical attack vw iad environment Ys cs va 2 cas cn Di 2 35 cas Freezing-thawing ad bad a ‘environment DS cs cs be cas cs Note 1+ The compressive strength in the table is determined as per the compressive strength of concrete produced and cured for 561 under standard conditions. Note 2: The castin-stu pile in the table refers to the pile body buried in soil or underwater. 5.3.2 Except the concrete for bridge cast-in-situ pile, tunnel lining and supporting course, the compressive strength of conerete under different environments shall meet the requirements in Table 27. Table 27 Minimal Compressive Strength Grade of Concrete Design working Lie 100 yeas 60 years 30 years sanaubibnaud Environmental | Reinforced Reinforced. Reinforced | eategory setion grade | concrete and | Plain | concrete and | Plain | concrete and Plain prestressed | concrete | prestressed | concrete | prestressed | concrete 1 co | co | cs | cs | cs 2s a Te cs | em | ce | a | oo | os ‘ TB 10 30 cs 25 25 7 a C40 C35, 35, C30 C35 C30 eee 12 cs cs co co co x0 q 3 C50, C35, CHS 30 cas, C30,‘Table 27 Minimal Compressive Strength Grade of Concrete continued) Design working life 100 yea 60 years 30 years Environment | Eavironmental |” enforced Reinforced | Reinforced eatexory action grade | concrete and | Plain | concrete and | Plain | concrete and | Plain prestressed | concrete | prestressed | concrete | prestressed | concrete Ht 35 C35 x0 ca C0 Chemical He cio * cy | os co environment HS cu . cio > cu * [4s G50 * cs . cw * yi 35 C5 C30 C30 30 Sat physica attack ye co * 35 C35 35 environment Yo cas * cio . + Yt 30 * cs * C15 + pi C35 cs cao C30 C30 C30 Freeting-thawing be cH * cas C35 C35 C35 environment bs os * co + co * Di G30 * c + 5 > Mi C5 cs a0 co 30 a0 M2 C10 . cas 35 35 35 Ms cs * cio * C0 * For the concrete structure with reinforcement ratio lower than the minimum reinforcement ratios the requirements ‘of minimal compressive strength grade of concrete shall be the same as those of reinforced conerete in the table + means that plain concrete should not be used. If plain concrete has to be used. its minimal strength grade shall be consistent with reinforced concrete and effective measures against cracking shall be taken, Note, For reinforced conerete and plain coneretes the compressive strength in the table is determined as per the compressive strength of concrete produced and cured for 56 d under standard conditions, 5.4 Durability 6.4.1. The density (in terms of 56d passed electric charge) of concrete with various strength grades shall satisfy the requirements in Table 28. Table 28 Density of Concrete with Various Strength Grades Units coulom Strenath arade of Design working life 100 year 50 years 30 years ac 1500 = 2.000 = 2500 C0.C15 = 1200 1500 =2000 co 1000 = 1200 = 1500 5.4.2 Under chloride salt environment, the resistance performance to Cl permeability of concrete vieshall satisfy the requirements in Table 29. ‘Table 29 Resistance to Cl” Permeability of Concrete under Chloride Salt Environment Design working life Evaluation index Enviconmental action grade ~ 100 years 60 years tr <1X10 * as 10X10 * m/e 56 d Chloride diffasion = eae eae coefficient Dust : bes — Ls 3X10" w/e <1X10-* m/s 5.4.3. Under the salt physical attack environment, the air bubble spacing factor of concrete shall be less than 300 nan and the resistance to salt physical attack of concrete shill satisfy the requirements in Teble 30. ‘Table 30 Resistance to Salt Physical Attack of Concrete under Salt Physical Attack Environment Environmental Design working life Evaluation index " setion grade 100 years 60 years yi > Ks00 > S60 Level of 56d resistance to ye >KSI20 >KSH0 physical attack Ys >KSI50 >KSI20 va > KSI50 >KSI20 5.4.4 Under freezing-thawing environment, the air bubble spacing of conerete shall be less than 300 um and the resistance to freezing-thawing of concrete shall satisfy the requirements in Table 31 ‘Table 31 Concrete Performance under Freezing-Thawing Environment Design working life Evaluation index Environmental aetion grade |- 100 yeurs 50 years bi F200 F250 level of 56d resistance be F350 > F900 to freezing-thawing Ds >F100 SFs50 ba >FA50 >FI00 SP a50 The level of resistance to freezing: thawing of girder concrete shall be not less than F200 and that of doubled- block sleeper and track slab conerete shall be not less than F500, 5.4.5 Under chloride corrosion environment, the technical requirements for concrete steel-protection of important concrete structures shall be studied and determined by a special test. 5.4.6 Under corrosion environment, the technical requirements for the abrasive resistance of concrete shall be studied and determined by a special te: 5.4.7 Upon special design requirements, the technical requirements for crack resistance of concrete shall be studied and determined by a special tes te 5.5 Long-term Performance 8.8.1 The 56 d shrinkage of base concrete of ballastless track, track bed slab concrete of doubled block sleepers self-compacting concrete and prestressed concrete shall not exceed 400 10) 5.5.2 For the prestressed concrete made of new materials and new technology. the creep coefficient under 11d age and 90d loading shall not exceed 1.0.5.5.3. For the concrete structure under fatigue load, the technical requirements for fatigue resistance performance of concrete shall be studied and determined by a special test. 5.6 Solid Concrete Quality 5.6.1 The maximum width of non-external force surface cracks of ordinary concrete structures shall not exceed 0.20 mm. No crack on concrete surfaces is allowed within the prestressed section of prestressed concrete structures. 5.6.2 The chloride diffusion coefficient of concrete on surface layer of concrete structures shall be not less than the set value determined in the laboratory contrast test 6 Test Method 6.1 Cement ‘The loss on ignition, magnesium oxide content. sulfur trioxide content, calcium oxide content, alkali content, free calcium oxide content and Cl~ content shall be checked according to GB/T 175. ‘The C,A content of the clinker shall be checked according to GB/T 21372. The specific surface area shall be checked according to GB/T8074. The setting time and soundness shall be checked according. to GB/T 1346. The strength shall be checked according to GB/T 17671. 6.2 Fly Ash ‘The fineness, water requirement ratio and water content shall be checked according to GB/T 1596. ‘The loss on ignition, sulfur trioxide content, calcium oxide content, free calcium oxide content, alkali content and Cl~ content shall be checked according to GB/T 176. The soundness shall be checked according to GB/T 1346. 6.3. Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag The loss on ignition, fluidity ratio, water content and activity index shall be checked according to GB/T 18046. The specific surface area shall be checked according to GB/T8074. The density shall be ced according to GB/T208. The sulfur trioxide content, alkali content. magnesium oxide content and CI content shall be shall be checked according to GB/T 176, 6.4 Silica Fume The loss on ignition, silicon dioxide content and CI~ content shall be checked according to GB/T176. The specific surface ares, water requirement ratio and activity index shall be checked according to GB/T 18736. The water content shall be checked according to GB/T 1596. 6.5 Fine Aggregate ‘The grading, water absorption, clay content, clay lump content, soundness, mica content, lightweight particles content, organic contenty sulfide and sulfate content and Cl- content shall be checked by the method specified in GB/T 14684. The crushed dust content and crushing value of artificial sand shall be checked by the method specified in GB/T 14684. For alkali activity test, first, the mineral composition of aggregate and alkali-active mineral type shall be checked according to TB/T 2922.1. Then, the expansion ratio of alkali-silica reaction of aggregate shall be measured according to TB/T 2922. 5. 6.6 Coarse Aggregate The loose buck density, voidage of tightly packing. grading. clay content, clay lump content, clongated and flaky particle content, water absorption, crush index, soundness, sulfide and sulphate content, organic content and compressive strength of rock shall be checked by the method specified in GB/T 14685. The Cl- content shall be checked according to Appendix C. For alkali-active test, firsts the mineral composition of aggregate and alkali-active mineral type shall be B+checked according to TB/'T 2922, 1. If the aggregate contains active minerals generated from alkali-silice reaction, the expansion ratio of alkali-slica reaction of aggregate shall he checked according to TB/T 2922.5. If the rock aggregate contains activ alkali-carbonate reaction of aggregate shall be checked according to TB/ T2022. 6.7 High-Rangewater Reducer ‘The water nerals generated from alkali-silica reaction, the expansion ratio. of -ducing rate, air content, ratio of bleeding rate under normal pressure, ratio of compressive strength, 1h slump variation, setting ime difference and shrinkage shall be checked according t0 GB8076. The cement for on-site sampling inspection should be the construction cement, whose sodium sulfate content, Cl~ content and alkali content shall be checked according to GB/T8077 and ratio of bleeding rate under pressure shall be cheeked according to Appendix E. 6.8 High-Range Water Reducer of Polycarboxylate-type ‘The water-reducing rates air content, ratio of bleeding rate under normal pressure, ratio of compressive strength, 1h slump variation, setting time difference and shrinkage shall be checked by the method specified in GB8076. The cement for on-site sampling inspection shall be engineering cement, whose sodium sulfate content, Cl content and alkali content shall be checked according to GB/'T 8077, the formaldehyde content shall be checked according to GB18582 and the ratio of bleeding rate under pressure shall be checked according. to Appendix E. When checking water-reducing rate, air content, ratio of bleeding rate, ratio of compressive strengthy setting time difference and shrinkage, the slump of conerete should he 80 mm-t 10 mm. 6.9 AirEntraining Agent ‘The water reducing rate, air content, ratio of bleeding rate under normal pressures 1h air content variation, ratio of compressive strength, setting time difference, shrinkage and relative durability index shall be checked by the method specified in GB8076. The air bubble spacing coefficient of 28 d hardened concrete shall be checked according to Appendix D. 6.10 Water ‘The pH value, insoluble matter content, soluble matter content, chloride content, sulphate content, setting time difference and ratio of compressive strength shall be checked by the method specified in JGJ63. The alkali content shall be checked according to GB/T 176, 6.11 Mixture Performance The test of slump, air content, bleeding rate and setting time shall be carried out according to GB/T 50080. The uniformity shall be checked according to GB/T9142. 6.12 Mechanical Property The test of compressive strength and elasticity modulus shall be carried out according to GB/T 50081. The specimens for construction control shall be cured at the same conditions as on situ, The specimens for sampling inspection shall be cured at standard conditions after curing and demouldingunder the same conditions on sites and then checked when it reaches the specified age. The molded standard specimens shall be cured at standard conditions until it reaches the specified age for test. 6.13 Durability ‘The density, permeability resistance, resistance to freezing-thawing, resistance performance to Cl permeability and resistance to salt physical attack shall be checked according to GB/T'50082 with the test age of 56d. The resistance coefficient to sulfate attack of binder shall be checked according to Appendix A. The ‘mineral admixtures and chemical admixtures for inhibiting the effectiveness of alkali aggregate reaction shall be checked according to Appendix R. The air bubble spacing coefficient shall be checked according to Appendix D. If the natural curing is adopted for the concrete, the molded durable specimens shall be cured at standard conditions until it reaches the specified age for test. If the steam curing is adopted for the 19:coneretes the durable specimens shall be cured at standard conditions after curing under the same conditions on site, and then tested when it reaches the specified age. 6.14 Long-term Performance ‘The shrinkage. creep and fatigue properties shall be checked according 10 GB/T 50082. 6.15 Solid Concrete Quality ‘The width inspection of surface cracks of structural concrete shall be observed by naked eyes or ‘magnifying glass. ‘The permeability of surfa shall be checked according to ve layer concrete of structural concret Appendix F. 7 Mix Proportion 7.1 General Requirements 7.1.1. The raw materials and mix proportion parameters of concrete shall be determined based on the design working life, environmental conditions and action grades. 7.1.2. Inthe concrete, the mineral admixtures like fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag or silica fume for improving concrete performance shall be properly added. 7.1.3. Inthe concrete, the high-range water reducer for improving concrete performance shall be properly added, water consumption and binder consumption shall be reduced to the maximum. For the conerete with air content required to be more than or equal 10 4.0%, the high-range water reducer (or bigh-range water reducer of polycarboxylate type) and air entraining agent shall be added at the same time. 7.1.4 The mix proportion of concrete shall be designed based on the principle of minimum mortar aggregate volume ratio. 7.1.5 The alkali content of concrete shall meet the design requirements, If there is no relevant design requirement, the alkali content of conerete shall meet the requirements in Table 32. Table 32 Maximum Value of Alkali Content of Concrete Units kg/m! Design service life 100 years 60 yea 30 years Dry environment 3S 35 35 Environmental — — Humid environment a 0 35 conditions ‘Allkeali conteining environment 2a Bo 30 For concrete structures under alkali containing environment. if the design service ife i 100 years. the alkali content of conerete shall met the requirements in the table and the non-allel setve aggregate shall be weds if the design service life is 60 years oF 30 years, the alkali content of canerete shall met the requirements inthe table and waterproof and alkaliproof coatings shall be made on the surface of concrete otherwice now-alkali active aggregate shall be used Note 1: The alkali content of concrete refers t0 the sum of alkali content of ell raw mater alkali content of mineral admixtures shall be calculated as the soluble alkali amount contained. The soluble alkali content of fly ash shall be 1/6 of the total alkali amount of fly ash. The soluble alkali content of ground geanulated blast sin the conerete. The farnace slag shall he 1/2 of the total alkali amount of ground granulated blast furnace slag. The soluble alkali content of silies fame shall be 1/2 of the total slkali amount of silies fume. Note 2. The dry environment refers to the environment without direct contaet with water. where the annual average relative air humidity dacs not excced 75% for a long time. ‘The humid envionment refers 10 the envionment located under water or in wet soil, dry-wet alternate area, ares with variation of water levels; with the annual average relative air humidity exceeding 75%. The alkali containing envizonment refers wo the environment in diret contact with soil and seawater of high salt and alkali contents industrial wastewater with alkali or sodium salt and sylvite. In ease of alternative ection of the dry environment or humid envionment with alkali containing environments it shall he regarded as an alka containing environment 20+