BATUYONG, GEMMER L 6:00-7:00 MWF H701

RSW-02 13 FEBRUARY 2016

EXAMPLE OF BUILDING STRUCTURES

POST AND LINTEL (EXAMPLE)

The Karnak Temple Complex, commonly known

as Karnak (/ˈkɑːr.næk/[1]), comprises a vast mix of decayed temples,
chapels, pylons, and other buildings. Building at the complex began during
the reign of Senusret I in the Middle Kingdom and continued into
the Ptolemaic period, although most of the extant buildings date from
the New Kingdom. The area around Karnak was the ancient Egyptian Ipet-
isut ("The Most Selected of Places") and the main place of worship of the
eighteenth dynasty Theban Triad with the god Amun as its head. It is part
of the monumental city of Thebes. The Karnak complex gives its name to
the nearby, and partly surrounded, modern village of El-Karnak, 2.5
kilometres (1.6 miles) north of Luxor.

ARCH (EXAMPLE)
- Arch of Augustus at Ariminum, dedicated to the Emperor Augustus
by the Roman Senate in 27 BC, the oldest Roman arch which
survives, Rimini, Italy 
he arch signaled the end of the via Flaminia, which connected the cities of Romagna to Rome, and spans the modern Corso
d'Augusto (the ancient decumanus maximus), which led to the beginning of another road, the via Emilia, which ran northwest to
Piacenza. Its style is simple but at the same time solemn. The central arch, which is of exceptional size, is flanked by two
engaged columns with fluted shafts and Corinthian capitals. The four clipei (shields) placed next to the capitals each depict
Roman divinities: Jupiter and Apollo on the Roman side, Neptune and Roma facing the city of Rimini.

ARCADE ARCH (EXAMPLE)

The courtyard OF Palazzo Ducale
The courtyard is generally attributed to Laurana. Although he was from
Dalmatia (former Yugoslavia), scholars agree that he was familiar with the
Florentine palace style. This courtyard, like the Medici-Riccardi Palace in Florence,
has an open cloister on the lower story with cross vaulting supported on columns.
However, Laurana improves on the earlier courtyard design. (Note that the two
upper stories were added later.) The windows on the piano nobile correspond to the
arches on the first story and the Corinthian pilasters echo the columns of the arcade,
thus defining the bays. Not only are both stories united, but the second story does
not seem too heavy for the lower arcade. In addition, the light color of the columns,
pilasters, and entablature, against the darker brick, emphasizes the unified design.
Two friezes with Latin inscriptions praise the virtues of Federigo.

GROIN VAULT (EXAMPLE)

[Church of the Monasterio de Santa María de Veruela, Vera de Moncayo, Spain, built 12th century, photographed 2007 by Zarateman,
source: Wikimedia Commons]
Ribbed vaults add stone ribs for extra support. These are usually groin vaults, but ribbed barrel vaults also exist. There is some
debate about the origin of ribbed vaulting, particularly as to whether it was first used for extra support or because it looks pretty.***
The earliest examples of ribbed vaults date to the early 12th century. Fan vaults and other shapes were also used, but were less
common.

RIBBED VAULT (EXAMPLE)

Interior view of a large room located on first floor, on the North-West.
This is the room where the work of Victor Hugo around Notre Dame is
presented to the public. The windows face west (to the "parvis").

FLYING
BUTRESS
(EXAMPLE)
English Gothic,
1300s AD, in York, Northern England. One of the greatest innovations of
the Gothic era was the "flying buttress" system of structural support.
Attaching to the external walls, arched stone was attached to huge
buttresses built away from the wall This system allowed builders to
construct soaring cathedrals with massive interior spaces, while allowing
walls to exhibit expansive stained glass windows.
SOLID BUTRESS (EXAMPLE)

Solid buttress at the Saviour Chapel, Zejtun, Malta

it looks to me like it was added later, as an afterthought

CANTILEVER (EXAMPLE)
Philippines’ Cultural Center – Modern Legacy
When the Cultural Center of the Philippines
opened in 1969 with the Theater of Performing Arts - now the Tanghalang Pambansa, it was a
visible departure from the traditional Manila Grand Opera House built in the 19th century and to
any other public places around the country.

BEARING WALL/SOLID WALL (EXAMPLE)

Taj Mahal

An immense mausoleum of white marble, built in

Agra between 1631 and 1648 by order of the Mughal emperor
Shah Jahan in memory of his favourite wife, the Taj Mahal is the
jewel of Muslim art in India and one of the universally admired
masterpieces of the world's heritage