Middle-Earth Army Lists for

DBM
by Luke Ueda-Sarson

Version 4.8 (14 May 2006; superceding v4.7 of 22 November 2002)

Lists included:
1. Sindar (Grey-Elves) including Ossiriand, Lorien and Mirkwood
2. Khazad (Dwarves)
3. Angband - the forces of Morgoth
4. Noldor (Deep-Elves) including Nargothrond and Lindon, but not
Gondolin
5. Gondolin
6. Easterlings - including the Wainriders, Khand and the Balchoth
7. Goblins (Orcs)
8. Mordor - the forces of Sauron
9. Harad and the Southron Kingdoms
10. Numenor - including Arnor and Gondor before the end of the
second Age
11. Dunlendings and Woodmen
12. Northmen of Rhovanion
13. Gondor in the third age
14. Arnor and its successors, Arthedain, Cardolan and Rhudaur
15. Angmar - the forces of the Witch King
16. Rohan and early Eotheod
17. Dale and later northern Rhovanion
18. Orthanc - the forces of Saruman the White
These lists are arranged in chronological order, but because of the peculiar
dating difficulties associated with the First Age in particular, exact starting
and terminating dates for each list have not been given. The Second Age
is herein abbreviated 2A, and the Third Age 3A.
As Tolkien wrote his works over a considerable number of years, there are
often large conceptual differences between the ideas he presented as first
conceived, as published, and as he intended them to be in the future.
Following his son when editing the Silmarillion, I have taken into account
only the (latest) published versions, rather than trying to guess future
items. Conversely, when a fuller, but earlier version of a work exists, I
have ignored it in favour of an extent, but briefer and later published
work, in any details that in any way conflict with the later version, since
such later works are both more developed, consistent and realistic.
For instance, the military organisation of Gondolin, as outlined in
Unfinished Tales, is much later, more developed and realistic, though less
detailed and finished, than that presented in 'The Fall of Gondolin' written
in Tolkien's youth, which would see Noldor armed with clubs and slings
among other things, clearly in opposition to later ideas about the Noldor
being technically advanced. Likewise, the 12 volumes of the History of
Middle-Earth are not used as evidence for these lists - they add little to the
published works in terms of army list details, since they are mostly
concerend wth the development of the narrative, developments which
were, after all, discarded.
The lists are designed to work with the DBM rules as they stand, without
modification. The only real requirement that the DBM historical rules are
lacking as far as Middle-Earth goes is rules for dealing with aerial forces.
Having said that, aerial forces were not in fact a common component of
Mddle-Earth armies. In the lists, aerial foces are listed as Irr LH (S) so
that they can be used against 'normal' opponents without special rules. If
you want to use a more realistic set of rules to cover aerial forces (and
such aerial forces should not be allowed in competition-style battles), then
click here for my suggestions.
There are no lists included for the likes of the Teleri of Alqualonde, or the
forces of Aman during the War of Wrath. Little information is presented
about them and in any case they do not belong to 'Middle-Earth', which
being a translation of Endor specifically excludes Aman (Numeneorean
forces are included, since all the wars they fought were in Middle-earth,
where they established their military bases).
All references to dismounting near war-wagons should be taken to mean
war-wagons on hills only, in line with the v2 (historical) army lists and
v3.0 rules.

Prior to 4.8 of these lists, trolls, balrogs and ettens were double-based with
Irr Ps (O). They are double-based with Irr Bd (O) due to the changes in
the rules introduced with DBM version 3.1.

I have included my notes on army-list justifications:

1. Sindar army list notes
2. Khazad army list notes
3. Angband army list notes
4. Noldor army list notes
5. Gondolin army list notes
6. Easterlings army list notes
7. Goblins army list notes
8. Mordor army list notes
9. Harad army list notes
 10. Numenor army list notes
11. Dunlendings army list notes
12. Northmen army list notes
13. Gondor army list notes
14. Arnor army list notes
15. Angmar army list notes
16. Rohan army list notes
17. Dale army list notes
18. Orthanc army list notes
These can also be reached from within each army list.
Page references within these notes refer to the Unwin paperback editions:
The Hobbit (Hob), The Fellowship of the Ring (FotR), The Two Towers
(TT), The Return of the King (RotK), The Silmarillion (Sil), and
Unfinished tales (UT), all from the 1983 reprints.

While these lists are designed with the standard DBM rules in mind, you
might like to try a little experimentation. In particular, a dragon isn't really
exactly like a towered elephant. A better representationwould be
something like El (S), except with a shooting range out 200p and not be
killed by light troops by merely being beaten, but having to be doubled. I
would also suggest that Bd get a + 1 tactical factor against them as they
were at their most vulnerable to being stabbed from below, and their
armour wasn't fully proof against the best axes. Another approach might
be to count a dragon as some sort of WWg (S) that could contact any
enemy, in the same way that WWg (X) can.
Similarly, Ents aren't quite like El (O) - I would modify them so that they
don't take a -2 CF in RGo or DGo, but that they count as (I) against Bd.
If you feel elements with 'heroes' amongst the troops aren't heroic enough
for your tastes, I suggest the following: a heroic element adds another +1
tactical factor in ALL situations, and counts as an extra 2 element
equivalents for all purposes except determining the sizes of commands for
deployment purposes. Any heroic element destoys any other heroic
element, regradless of type, if it beats it in close combat. An heroic
element costs an extra 50% of the normal element cost, PLUS another 3
AP more. E.g. an heroic Irr Kn (F) sub-general costs 27 AP, and not 19.
Personally, I feel heroic qualities are adequately represented by the
standard general's +1, and the occasional 6-1 combat result, but others will
disagree.
Why aren't Orcs Wb?
People just keep asking me. Well, because in Tolkien, goblins/Orcs do not
engage in an 'impetuous and ferocious collective charge to sweep away
enemy foot' that the rules demand troops classified as Wb do. They just
aren't brave, willing, or even plain large enough to do it. See the Goblins
army list notes for more on this, and also the passage (UT, 362) describing
how Goblins are unsuited to fighting shield-walls, which in DBM Wb are
the ideal troop for!
Why aren't Elves Ax?
James Anderson says according to my lists "[they] suffered heavily in
open battle...[but] excelled at forest warfare", yet I then populate their list
with troop types that fight better in the open than in woods. Why not use
Irr Ax(O) or (S)? It seems that this troop type, in combination with fewer
Bd and Sp, would reflect Sindarin battlefield behavior/characteristics
better than the list as published.
My reply: I think I've confused you with 'open battle'. I mean 'open battle'
to mean not a skirmish, or not a seige, or not an ambush, etc, and NOT a
'battle IN the open'.
Most historical societies that excelled in forest warfare - such Amazonian
Indians, have troop types that are not very good in DBM for 'open battles'
(which is what DBM is all about), even those battles fought in close
terrain like their native forests - Bw (I) in their case, just like many Sindar,
since their style of warfare isn't dictated by the needs of open battles, but
by ambushes, skirmishes, and the like.
Tolkien's Sindar are never described as skirmishers for instance, unless
bow-armed, and anyway, they just don't have what it takes to be Ax.
For instance, at the Battle of the Five Armies, it's Bard, a man, who
commands those who scale the rocky heights (although admittedly some
elves were there too) - if the Elves were Ax in DBM, we'd expect them to
be doing the job.
Also, when the Sindar advanced without orders at Dagorlad at the end of
the 2rd age, they were defeated because they had little armour. An Irr Sp
element that follows up recoiling or breaking-off enemy can be tempted to
advance without orders, whereas Ax won't. The Sindar spearmen behaved
similarly at the Battle of the Five Armies.
I would also note that Reg Bd (O), such as 1st age Sindar are, are just a
good a troop type in a Wd as Ax (O) Orcs are, so can hardly be claimed to
be badly-off (and Ax (O) are the better Orcs!)

1. Sindar
Cold. Ag 1. Rv, H(S), H(G), Wd, O, RGo, M, Rd, BUA. Falas only: WW.
Any except Mirkwood: V
1 C-in-C - Irr Bd (O) @ 15 or Irr Sp (O) @ 14 or Irr Bw (O) @ 14
0-2 Sub-generals - as above
12-30 Axes - Irr Bd (O) @ 5
8-24 Spears - Irr Sp (O) @ 4
0-2 Mounted Scouts - Irr LH (F) @ 4
10-20 Scouts - Irr Ps (O) @ 2
20-40 Unarmoured archers - Irr Bw (I) @ 3
Any Extra to upgrade archers if armoured and/or shielded to Irr Bw (O) @
4
Only Ossiriand in the first age:
All Regrade generals as Irr Bw (O) @ 14
All Replace Axes with Archers - Irr Bw (I) @ 3
All Replace Mounted Scouts and Spears with light-armed archers - Irr Ps
(O) @ 2
Doriath Allies: List - Sindar
Only Doriath or Falas in the first age:
All Upgrade generals to Reg Sp (O) @ 25 or Reg Bd (O) @ 27
0-1/2 Upgrade Irr LH to Reg LH (F) @ 4, Irr Sp to Reg Sp (O) @ 5,
Irr Bd (O) to Reg Bd (O) @ 7 and Irr Bw (O) to Reg Bw (O) @ 5
0-1 Upgrade Spears to Reg Kn (F) @ 31 if a general, otherwise @ 11
Only Falas in the first age:
0-6 Ships - Irr Shp (O) @ 3 (Reg Sp, Reg Bd, Reg Bw)
Pre-princedom Noldorin allies: List - Noldor
Only Doriath in the first age:
Haladin Allies:
0-1 Ally-general - Irr Ax (S) @ 9
0-24 Woodsmen - Irr Ax (O) @ 3
0-7 Upgrade woodsmen with axes to Irr Ax(S) @ 4
0-2 Woodsmen Druedain scouts - Irr Ps (S) @ 3, or, if with blow-guns,
Irr Ps (X) @ 6
Onodrim allies:
0-1 Ent ally-general - Irr El (O) @ 21
0-10 Ents and Huorns - Irr El (O) @ 16
Only after the first age:
0-2 Horse archers - Irr LH (F) @ 4
0-8 Light boats - Irr Bt (I) @ 1 (Bw, Ps)
Only Mirkwood after the first age:
All Replace Axes with Spears - Irr Sp (O) @ 4
0-4 Wood-dwelling men -Irr Ax (O) @ 3
Only Lorien after the second age:
All Replace Axes with Archers - Irr Bw (O) @ 4
1/2+ Replace spears with archers - Irr Ps (O) @ 2
0-4 Upgrade Irr Bw (O) to mail-armoured Irr Bw (S), @ 15 if a general,
@ 5 otherwise
Only Mirkwood after 3A2770:
Lakemen allies - List: Dale
Only Mirkwood in 3A2941:
0-14 Iron Hills Dwarven allies - List: Khazad, which can in addition
include:
1 or 2 Beorn the Werebear - either one Irr El (O) @ 16, or two Irr Kn
(I), the first @ 8, the second @ 7
Eagle Allies:
0-1 Eagle ally-general - Irr LH (S) @ 12
2*-6 Eagles - Irr LH (S) @ 7
This list covers the Laiquendi (Green-elves) of Ossiriand and the Sindar of
Doriath and the Falas in the first age, plus the wood-elven armies of
Lorien and Mirkwood during the second and third ages. In the first age,
most Sindar (Grey-elves) lived in Doriath and the Falas, although others
were scattered all over Beleriand, some living alongside their Noldor
brethren. At the end of the first age, after most of the Noldor and many of
the Sindar had left Endor (Middle-earth), the Sindar came to become the
ruling classes in the mostly Silvan-elf kingdoms of Lothlorien and
Mirkwood. These Wood-elven kingdoms were not war-like and most were
poorly armed, and suffered heavily in open battle. They excelled at forest
warfare, however, and were expert archers. Longbows were used in
Lorien, shortbows in Mirkwood. Most Wood-elves wore green, although
the Sindar favoured grey, and the nobility and professional soldiers would
be attired in brighter colours. Some Wood-elves dwelt underground,
some, especially in Lorien, lived in tree-houses. A BUA may therefore be
accompanied by a Wd feature in the same manner that normal BUAs may
be accompanied by enclosed fields. A Haladin ally-general can only
command Woodsmen and must command all Woodsmen used.
Woodsmen cannot be used with Ents. An Ent ally general can only
command Ents or Huorns, and must command all Ents or Huorns used, in
which case no more than 6 elements of regulars may be fielded. If
Dwarves are used, then Lakemen and Eagle ally contingents must both
also be fielded. The minimum marked * applies only if an Eagle ally-
general is used. He may only command eagles, and all eagles must be in
his command. Kn (F) can always dismount as Sp (O). The Kn(I) must be
on a double-element base.
DBA: 4 x 4/3Bw, 1 x 3Kn/4Sp or 3Bw, 3 x 4Bd or 3Bw or 4Sp, 2 x 4Sp
or 2Ps, 2 x 2Ps
HotT: 1 x Hero or Magician, 5 x Shooters, 2 x Lurkers, 2 x Blades or 1 x
Behemoth or 2 x Spears, 2 x Spears
Enemies: Khazad, Angband, Noldor, Easterners, Goblins, Mordor

Army List Notes: Sindar

While the term Sindar technically does not cover the Avari or Silvan-
Elves, those realms after the first age comprised mostly of Avari, such as
Lorien or Mirkwood, had Sindarin ruling classes, so the term suffices for
all, and Doriath held the overlordship of the Nandor of Ossiriand.
The realms covered in this list are in the 1A the Falas - technically part of
Doriath, but here counted as separate for organisational reasons; the
Nandor or Laiquendi (Green-Elves) of Ossiriand, as well as Doriath itself;
and in the 3A, Lorien and Mirkwood. Other communities, such as the
outpost in what came to be Gondor, were too small to provide DBM-sized
forces. In the 2A, the Sindar of Eriador were under Noldor suzerainity,
and so are covered by the Noldor list, whilst those outside Eriador are
poorly documented. For Orophor's (later his son Thranduil's) kingdom in
Greenwood the Great (later Mirkwood), use the Mirkwood list; for the
Nandorin realm of Lorinand, use the Lorien list.
Ossiriand quickly fell to the Orcs of Morgoth in the first age; the Falas
was destroyed by Morgoth's forces the year after the great battle of
Nirnaeth Arnoediad, and subsequently Doriath was successfully attacked
by the Dwarves of Nogrod and finally destroyed by the Noldor under the
surviving sons of Feanor. In the second age, the Kingdom of Greenwood
was established well before 2A1000. At sometime around 3A1050, it was
renamed Mirkwood, gradually losing its southern possessions to Sauron's
servants in Dol Guldur. Lorinand was progressivley 'Sindarised' into
Lorien (UT, p236), especially after Galadrield and Celeborn moved there
sometime around 2A1350 (UT, p237). They later moved back to Eriador,
but returned ther Lorien in 3A1981 (UT, p245). Both Mirkwood and
Lorien survived to the end of 3A.
I have rated all Sindar as aggression 1 since none of the realms are
recorded as partaking in any expansionistic activities (other than as allied
contingents) with one exception - the Elves of Mirkwood marching to
Smaug's treasure (hence not Ag. 0).
I used to classify Lorien as Warm for climate, and the others Cold, but
since Aragorn states that even the regions around the Anduin to the south
of Lorien could expect snow over winter (TFotR, p495), Cold seems
better for Lorien as well. A WW is allowed, as the Falathrim had several
towns by the sea. (The Anduin is not big enough to classify as a
waterway, as it was small enough for Orcs to shoot arrows across around
the Falls of Rauros, FotR, p502 - and the same falls would stop invaders
bringing ships).
A river is compulsory as all the realms' main centres were situated by one
- the only possible exception being the tower of Barad Nimrais in the
Falas - but both it's main population centres, Brithombar and Eglarest,
were by rivers (the Brithon and Nenning respectively). Doriath's
Menegroth was by the Esgalduin, Ossiriand was crossed by its eponymous
seven rivers, Lorien's Caras Galadhon was between the Celebrant and
Anduin, and the Forest River flowed past the Wood-Elven King's door in
Mirkwood.
Woods are likewise compulsory; even though no forests are shown in
Ossiriand and the Falas in the published map of Beleriand, we are told that
the Green Elves of Ossiriand would blend in with the plentiful vegetation
there so well that one might travel from one end of the country to the other
without ever having seen one, so there must have been plenty of woods
about. Other realms were of course almost entirely wooded.
Orchards and vinyards are allowed because of their abilities in these areas,
save that Mirkwood had no vines (Hob, p 171); marshes of the non-river
restricted variety are allowed because of the Fens of Sirion in Doriath, the
Gladden Fields to the north of Lorien, and the marshes around the edge of
the Old Forest Road in Mirkwood.
The Falas is mentioned (Sil, p114) as having walled towns by the sea;
Caras Galadhon was likewise surrounded by a green wall. BUAs may
have adjacent Wd since Menegroth, Caras Galadhon and the Wood-Elven
King's halls in Mirkwood were all so situated.
Generals may be Bd (as in the case of Beleg Strongbow of Doriath leading
axemen, Sil, p189), or Sp (the Elven King's guards were spearmen in front
of Erebor, Hob, p258, even though th King himself rode to and from the
battle) or Bw (Beleg Strongbow again, and the mailed guards mentioned
under the Lord and Lady's tree in Caras Galadhon were presumably
bowmen, since Galadriel refers to Lorien being guarded by not only
slender arrows). These can be upgraded to Bw (S) as armoured
longbowmen.
In the first age, axes were the typical weapon of the Sindar (Sil, p189; UT,
p18) along with bows, hence the compulsory Bd. Spears seemed to have
been used too, if less frequently, they were certainly much used by later
Sindar (Hob, p265) as well as by those of Doriath (Sil, p111). I have
graded them as (O) rather than (I) since they could be well armoured (Sil,
p111), and were always willing to charge (Hob, p265; UT, p258).
I have allowed a very few mounted archers, graded as LH since Legolas
rode in the elven fashion, without bridle and rein (TT, p45), but numbers
are strictly limited as they are not actually directly attested. Slightly more
are allowed after the First Age, when the Elves had moved into the wider
plains of Eriador to the east of drowned Beleriand. Foot archers were the
predominate troop type. Those of Ossiriand were especially light-armed
(Sil, p113) and accordingly they have more Ps (O) than the other realms,
and indeed appeared to have no troops capable of standing up to even
Orcs in melee, and hence may not use Bd or Sp. Many later moved to
Doriath (Sil, p114). Those of Lorien are graded as mostly Bw (O) since
they used longbows unlike the shorter bows of Mirkwood (FotR, p488).
Doriath may have one element of Kn (F) - mailed riders (UT, p113), few
in number (UT, p114), and may have regular troops, as they were
accustomed to war, a numerous people, and equipped from well-stocked
central armouries. Those in the Falas used ships in war to disembark
troops, hence their allowed naval contingent (Sil, p193). The ships of the
Teleri, their relatives, were oarless (Sil, p315), and I assume Cirdan's to be
similar. Celegorm's Noldor helped Cirdan resist the Orcs of Morgoth (Sil,
p126).
Dwarven allies are not allowed to Doriath, since although the Dwarves
had many commercial contacts with the Sindar, they are never noted as
fighting together. In any event, relations between te two were quite cool.
Thingol mistrusted the Noldor, and formed no alliances with them either.
Haladin allies (Sil, p189), men granted leave to live in Brethil near
Doriath and defend it from Orcs, excelled in forest warfare (Sil, p177; UT,
p377) and are therefore graded as Ax; guards existed, some even female
(UT, p377), and because of this, and that some used axes (Sil, p228),
some may be upgraded to Ax (S). They included some Druedain scouts
(UT, p130) and/or trackers (UT, p378), but they were not numerous (UT,
p377). They could use poisoned darts (UT, p383), hence the Ps (X)
classification.
Ents joined Beren's army in attacking the Dwarves returning from the sack
of Menegroth (Sil, p284); since his army was comprised of local levies
from Ossiriand, only a very few regular elements are permitted - they still
had some organisation, as they still had lords (Sil, p285). Thingol's forces
rescued the remnants of the Nandor on Ammon Ereb and so they are
allowed a Doriath allied contingent (Sil, p114).
Boats were used both by the elves of Mirkwood (Hob, p240) and Lorien
(RotK p472) to transport men over rivers - they are graded as (I) since
they seem to have been quite small. The elves of Mirkwood or Lorien are
not mentioned as using axes, Mirkwood had many spearmen (Hob, p240);
Lorien had a preponderence of archers (UT, p258).
Some men settled in Mirkwood (UT, p259) and are assumed to be
available as auxiliaries as they were in regular contact with Thranduil
(UT, p276); larger contingents of men, such as those from Laketown, are
classified as allied contingents (it is clear from the Hobbit narrative
(p246ff) that the Elves were the senior army). At the Battle of the Five
Armies, Dain's Iron Hills dwarves assisted - their contingent is limited in
size, since it included not many more than 500 dwarves (Hob, p255).
Beorn is is possibly best classified as a double-based Kn (I) rather than an
El given his effect on goblins mostly classified as Ax (Hob, p271-2).
The banner of the King of Mirkwood was green (Hob, p248).

2. Khazad
Cold. Ag 2. Rv, H(S), Wd, RGo, Rd.
1 C-in-C - Irr Bd (S) @ 17 or Irr Bd (X) @ 16
0-1 Sub-general - as above
0-2 Ally-generals - Irr Bd (S) @ 12 or Irr Bd (X) @ 11
8-16 Nobles - Irr Bd (S) @ 7
20-50 Warriors, mostly with axe - Irr Bd (O) @ 5
0-4 Archers - Irr Bw (O) @ 4
0-24 Woodmen allies - List: Dunlendings
Easterling allies - List: Easterlings ('other nations')
Only in the first age:
Himring allies - List: Noldor
Only after the first age:
Orc allies - List: Goblins
Only if before 3A1982:
All/0 Upgrade C-in-C and sub-generals to Reg Bd (S) @ 29, ally
generals to Reg Bd (S) @ 19, nobles to Reg Bd (S) @ 9, warriors to Reg
Bd (O) @ 7 and archers to Reg Bw (O) @ 5
Only if before 3A2771:
All/0 Upgrade C-in-C and sub-generals to Reg Bd (S) @ 29, ally
generals to Reg Bd (S) @ 19 and nobles to Reg Bd (S) @ 9
Only if after first age:
0-3 Scouts on ponies - Irr Bd (O) Mtd @ 6
Any Upgrade unmounted Irr Bd (O) to mattock-bearers as Irr Bd (X) @ 6
Only if after 3A2770:
All/0 Upgrade unmounted Bd (O) or (X) to Irr Bd (S) @ 12 if ally-
general, @ 17 if sub-general or C-in-C, otherwise @ 7
Only if after 3A2941:
Dale allies - List: Dale
This lists covers the seven tribes of the Dwarves. Although Dwarves were
less than 5' tall, they were very strong and hardy. Armour was of mail,
often a complete suit and including full-helms covering the face. Beards
were braided and tucked into belts. All Dwarves lived underground, hence
the lack of built-up areas in the terrain listing. The house of Durin was the
largest and most organized tribe, but after the loss of Moria in 3A1981,
the house became fragmented, and was further weakened by the loss of
Erebor in 3A2770. Ally contingents either within or drawn from this list
need not contain any nobles. Only one external allied contingent is
allowed, and they may not be used with any regulars.
DBA: 1 x 3Bw or 3/4Bd, 11 x 3/4Bd
HotT: 1 x Hero, 1 x Shooters or Blades, 9 x Blades
Enemies: Sindar, Khazad, Angband, Easterlings, Goblins, Mordor

Army List Notes: Khazad

The Dwarves were known to themselves as Khazad, and Naugrim by the
Elves. This list covers all the seven tribes of the Dwarves from 1A until
the end of 3A. Durin's tribe was the largest, and most westerly. In the first
age, the realms of Nogrod and Belegost were closest to the princedoms of
the Elves. At the end of 1A, most of their inhabitants moved to Moria
(Khazad-dum), the first and greatest of the Dwarven realms. Moria was
abandoned after being attacked from within•@by the Balrog unleashed
within its mines, and then it's peoples variously lived in Dunland to the
southwest, the Ered Luin (Blue mountains) to the far west, Erebor to the
north and the Iron Hills to the northeast.
Since the Dwarves lived in mountainous areas to the north of Middle-
Earth, they are given a climate rating of Cold. Aggression is rated as 2
since while the Dwarves were quite warlike, even against their own kind
of other tribes (Sil, p111), they tended not to fight expansionist wars, since
they expanded their numbers only slowly.
I have decided against allowing Dwarves a WW, despite the lake
(Mirrormere) in front of the eastern gate of Moria, since this lake was
quite small, and totally inaccessible to any sort of shipping. (One might
allow them to dice for one when defending, but not allow an invader to
choose one). Dwarves disliked water, and never lived by the sea. They are
allowed a Rv - Erebor had a small one issuing from it that flowed on into
Dale, and the Celebrant issued from Mirrormere. Steep hills are naturally
compulsory, as befit mountain dwellers, and Wd are allowed - there were
trees near the Mirrormere that provided fuel for the mass cremation after
the battle of Azanulbizar (RotK, p445). Dwarves were great road builders
- a road ran east from Moria, and another ran from Nogrod and Belegost
westwards across Beleriand.
Only one sub-general is allowed, as large armies had to be an
amalgamation of several tribes (RotK, p444).
Dwarves, being almost entirely axe-armed (Sil, p113; Sil, p232, etc), are
classified as Bd; those armed with mattocks such as Dain's contingent at
the Battle of the Five Armies (Hob, 261) might be reclassified as Bd (X),
as mattocks are a longer weapon needing a looser formation to use, serves
to make Dwarves more mobile on the battlefield, and increases their odds
against charging horse (but see below). A few could use bows (Hob,
p250), though these could not be longbows for obvious reasons, and are
therefore graded as Bw (O) like Viking archers are.
Dwarves could be prone to impetuous behaviour at times (Hob, p267);
and the excellent armour worn by some, including face-masks (Sil, p232),
is justification for upgrading some warriors to Bd (S) - I assume that these
would mostly be the nobility; those of the Iron Hills (Hob, p261) however
were all equipped with full mail hauberks including chausses (mailed
hose).
Some eastern tribes had friendly relations with various men dwelling in
their regions, hence the provision for Easterling or Woodsmen allies (Sil,
p188); these may not be used with regulars, as regulars simulate the better
organisation and resources of the later House of Durin, most westerly of
the tribes, and most influenced by the Elves; some other tribes even allied
with Orcs (Hob, 69). The Dwarves of Erebor frequently sided with the
men of Dale (RotK, p464, 471). The Dwarves of Belegost were aided by
Maedhros' Noldor in the first age, being rescued from an Orc ambush
(UT, p75). Note that I have not allowed Lorinand allies in 2A1697 (UT,
p238), since this narrative was later discarded (UT, p234, 240). See the
introductory page for my reasoning behind this.
After men had mastered the art of horse-riding, some dwarves acquired
the skills neccesary to use ponies, hence the provision for mounted scouts
after 1A (Hob, p39).
The symbol of the house of Durin was an anvil, with a hammer above,
surmounted by a crowned helmet with seven stars overhead (FotR, p388).

3. Angband
Cold. Ag 4. Rv, H(S), RGo, Rd.
1 C-in-C - if an Orc - Irr Ax (S) @ 14,
if Gothmog - Irr Bd (S) @ 17,
if Sauron - Irr Kn (I) @ 18,
if Glaurung - Irr El (S) @ 30
0-3 Orc sub-generals - Irr Ax (S) @ 14 or Irr Ax (O) @ 13
0-16 Trolls - half Irr Bd (S) @ 7, half supporting Irr Bd (O) @ 4 on
double-base elements
8-16 Wolfriders - Irr LH (O) @ 5
8-20 Riderless wolves - Irr LH (I) @ 3
50-100 Orcs - up to 1/4 as Irr Bw (I) @ 3, up to 1/3 as Irr Ps (O) @ 2,
rest as Irr Ax (I) @ 2
0-6 Upgrade Orc Bw (I) archers with mail and spear to Irr Bw (O) @ 4
0-32 Upgrade Orc Ax (I) with mail (and sometimes darts) to Ax (O)
@3
0-1/2 Downgrade Orcs to Irr Hd (O) @ 1
0-6 Captives to be executed in front of the enemy - Irr Hd (I) @ 0.5
All Mount Bd (S) generals on a double-element base with supporting Irr
Bd (O) @ 4
Only if Gothmog or an Orc C-in-C:
Easterling allies - List: Easterlings
Only if Gothmog:
0-1 Balrog sub-general - Irr Bd (S) @ 17
3*-8 Dragons - Irr El (S) @ 20
0-1 Upgrade a dragon to a sub-general as Glaurung - Irr El (S) @ 30
Only if Gothmog or Glaurung:
0-1 Balrog sub-general - Irr Bd (S) @ 17
Only if Sauron:
1 Werewolves - Irr Kn (I) @ 7
Only if an Orc C-in-C:
3-7 Chief's guards - Irr Ax (S) @ 4
This list covers Morgoth's armies in the first age. Morgoth, the Great
Enemy, did not command his armies himself, but directed affairs from the
great underground fortress of Angband. Gothmog, his high-captain was a
Balrog - a large winged fiery demon. The Bd (O) on Balrog bases mostly
represents their demonic abilities rather than support troops, and
accordingly need not represented by figures, however, some were
supported by Troll guards. Sauron the Sorceror was the Lord of
Werewolves, and was capable of shape-changing. Kn (I) must be mounted
on a double-element base. Sauron led the assault on Tol Sirion. Glaurung
was the first of the dragons, and led the sack of Nargothrond.
Classification as El (S) best reflects the toughness of dragons, their morale
effect and magical abilities. Trolls should be depicted one or two to a
double-element base. As with balrogs, the Bd (O) on their bases represents
their large size and toughness rather than supporting troops, and are
accordingly not represented by figures. Armoured orcs were more than a
match for lightly equipped Sindar, but could not expect to overcome well-
armed Noldor in a frontal fight. Orc Ps (O) may support Ax. Wolfriders
may dismount to defend fortifications or within 300p of enemy
fortifications or war-wagons as Ax (I); or to enter rough or difficult going
as Wb (F) (but on LH sized bases), in which case they are accompanied by
and fight alongside their mounts, which therefore do not get left behind as
separate elements, but are part of the dismounted element, and can
accordingly be remounted. When riderless wolves are in difficult going
they are reclassified as Ax (I) except that they are impetuous. They cannot
otherwise 'dismount'. The mimimum marked * applies only if any dragons
are used.
DBA: 1 x 3Wb or 3Ax or 2Bd or El, 2 x El or 3Ax, 2 x 2Lh, 3 x 3Ax, 1 x
2Ps, 1 x 3Bw, 1 x 2Lh or 2Ps, 1 x3Ax or 3Bw
HotT: 1 x Behemoth or 1 x Hero or 2 x Warband, 1 x Beasts, 1 x Riders, 1
x Behemoth, 1 x Behemoth or 1 x Riders + 1 x Beasts, 8 x Horde
Enemies: Sindar, Khazad, Noldor, Gondolin, Easterlings

Army List Notes: Angband

I have named the list Angband primarily because I could think of no good
adjectival word derived from "Morgoth"!
Climate is rated as Cold since Angband was situated in the far north, so
far north that it could never be completely beseiged, since the ice and
snow prevented its complete isolation (Sil, p137).
Agression is rated as 4, since Morgoth was of course the great aggressor
of the First Age, despite being defeated and subsequently beseiged after
the Dagor Aglareb, the Glorious Battle.
I have allowed a Rv in the terrain list since the upper reaches of the Sirion
ran somewhat across the plains of Ard-Galen (later Anfauglith), so any
invader coming from western Beleriand would have to follow it at least
initially to come to Angband.
There is a compulsory H(S), since Angband was delved under the great
mountain of Thangorodrim. No H(G) is allowed, since otherwise the
realm of Morgoth was a flat plain, albeit riddled with gullies, graded as
RGo (Sil, p215), which roads ran though. No BUA is allowed, since
Angband itself was underground, and the only above ground settlements
were temporary camps made by armies.
A C-in-C may be represented as an Orc, since not all forces were led by
Balrogs or other such beings, examples being the armies destroyed in the
Dagor Aglareb, (Sil, p137) and the assault upon northern Hithlum (Sil,
p138).
Gothmog, who commanded at the Nirnaeth Arnoediad, is rated as a Bd
(S), since he bore an axe, and other Balrogs used maces (Sil, p233), and
they were incredibly tough opponents; the Bd supports double-based with
them mean that under DBM v3.1, they will not be overrun by Elven Kn
(F), and also enable their bases to be bigger, so their figure can be
accomodated easily. Before v3.1 I had them double-based with Ps(O).
I have classified Sauron as a mounted element, assuming that he fought
alongside his werewolves (Sil, p197; p209-210); I also assume
werewolves are much more tough than normal wolves, and accordingly
grade them as Kn. As double-based Kn (I) they are not impetuous, which
fits Sauron's character more than an impetuous element would, and are
also quite dangerous, as befits the terror he inspired (Sil, p187).
Glaurung may be a sub-ordinate to Gothmog, as at Nirnaeth Arnoediad,
where he commanded the left wing (Sil, p232-233), or a C-in-C, as at
Nargothrond (Sil, p255-256). I take the reference that at Dagor Bragollach
(Sil, p181) when the Balrogs following Glaurung came 'in his train' to
mean Glaurung commanded there, while the Balrogs following him were
subordinate, and thus he use a Balrog sub-general as may Gothmog their
leader.
Other sub-generals are assumed to be Orcs, or if not Orcs, beings of lesser
power such that their abilities to not need to be especially represented.
Morgoth's Orcs were often armoured and equipped broad-blade spears
(Sil, p113), and so can be upgraded to (O); the very biggest and strongest
orcs that might accompany Cheiftain's are allowed to be (S). Orcs often
performed poorly however in battle (eg Sil, p303), especially in sunlight,
and so can be downgraded to Hd (O). Hd (S) would be inapproprate, since
Orcs do not show impetuous characteristics. Some were archers (Sil,
p196), and can accordingly be Bw or Ps (O). See the Goblin list for
further discussions about the grading of Orcs.
Trolls, like Balrogs, are graded as Bd (S) with Bd supports for much the
same reasons - and if individually not as powerful as Balrogs, were more
numerous. Gothmog had a troll bodyguard (Sil, p234).
Wolves were a normal feature of Morgoth's amies (Sil, p235; 249), being
used as camp-sentinels (Sil, p250) for instance, while others were ridden
by Orcs (Sil, p208). Horses are not mentioned as steeds, so I assume the
riders that taunted Gwindor were wolf-riders (Sil, p230). See the Goblin
list for a discussion about the grading of wolves.
Captives (Sil, p257) could be used to draw the enemy out of defensive
positions by executing them close to the enemy Sil, p230), these are
graded as Hd (I).
I have allowed no TF for camps, since the camps appeared not to have
been protected by fortifications (Sil, p250).
Dragons plural were only used under a Balrog C-in-C, as at the Nirnaeth
Arnoediad, and the attack on Gondolin (Sil, p292); whenever Glaurung
commanded, he was the only one of his kind present. I formally classified
Dragons as El (X), but extensive use of these lists in French competitions
has convinced me they are better represented by El (S), especially under
DBM v3.1 where El can 'quick-kill' heavy infantry.
Easterling allies were present on both sides of the Nirnaeth Arnoediad,
some having being under Morgoths service quite early (Sil, p188), and
they were deployed hidden in the hills (Sil, p232); others later assaulted
Dor-lomin with the Orcs (UT, p19) and are so allowed under an Orc C-in-
C.
Morgoth's forces favoured black like their lord, although were once clad
in dun raiments to conceal them (Sil, p229).

4. Noldor
Cold. Ag 3 in 1A, 1 thereafter. Rv, H(S), H(G), Wd, O, V, RGo, Rd,
BUA. Hithlum, Nevrast or 'pre-princedoms' in 1A, or Lindon in 2A only:
WW. Nevrast and 'pre-princedoms' in 1A only: M. Dorthonion in 1A
only: Wd. Any except Nevrast and 'pre-princedoms' in 1A: E. Any except
Nevrast, Hithlum, Dor-Lomin and 'pre-princedoms' in 1A: E.
1 C-in-C - Reg Kn (F) @ 31 or Reg Bd (S) @ 29 or Reg Bd (F) @ 27
0-2 Sub-generals - as above or as Reg LH (F) @ 24
Any Horses to mount generals classified as Bd @ 1
8-20 Horse archers - Reg LH (F) @ 4
12-30 Infantry - up to 1/2 Reg Sp (O) @ 5, rest Reg Bd (F) @ 7
0-12 Defences for camp - TF @ 1
Only prior to the founding of the princedoms in 1A:
All Replace Horse archers with Swordsmen - Reg Bd (F) @ 7
Only in 1A after the founding of the princedoms:
0-1 Himring, Thargelion or East Beleriand Noldor Ally-general - Reg Kn
(F) @ 21 or Reg Bd (S) @ 19 or Reg Bd (F) @ 17
Only after the founding of the princedoms:
0-12 Replace Bd (F) with Sindar axes - Reg Bd (O) @ 7
6*-16 Archers - Reg Bw (O) @ 5
0-6 Upgrade Sp (O) to Guards mounted on horses - Reg Kn (F) @ 11
Naugrim allies - List: Khazad
Only East Beleriand or Nargothrond in 1A:
0-12 Laiquendi - Irr Ps (O) @ 2, or Nargothrond ambushers - Reg Ps
(O) @ 2
Only Himring or Thargelion in 1A:
Easterling allies - List: Easterlings
Only Hithlum in 1A:
0-2 Downgrade Reg Kn (F) as unsanctioned nobles - Irr Kn (F) @ 9
Gondolin allies - List: Gondolin (treat general as a sub-general)
Falathrim Allies:
1** Falathrim ally-general (Cirdan) - Reg Sp (O) @ 15 or Reg Bd (O) @
17
3**-11 Falathrim - up to 1/3 Reg Sp (O) @ 5, 1/4 - 2/3 Reg Bw (O) @
5, 1/4 - 1/2 Reg Bd (O) @ 5
All Provide Falathrim with ships - Irr Shp (O) @ 3 [Falathrim]
Only Hithlum, Dor-Lomin, Dorthonion, East Beleriand or Thargelion
in 1A:
0-20 Edain - up to 1/3 as Irr Ax, up to 1/2 (S) @ 4, rest (O) @ 3, the
rest as Irr Sp (O) @ 4 or Irr Bd (O) @ 5
Only in the second age:
Sindar allies - List: Sindar
Only between 2A1200 and 2A3319:
0-6 Numenorean ships - Irr Shp (S) @ 4 (Numenorean Sp or Bw)
1/Shp Numenorean mariners - upto 1/2 Reg Bw (O) @ 5, rest Reg Sp
(O) @ 5
Only after 2A1700:
Dunedain allies - List: Numenor
Only Rivendell in 3A1409:
1/2+ Replace Spears with archers from Lorien as Irr Bw (O) @ 4
Any Replace Archers with archers from Lorien as Irr Ps (O) @ 2

The Noldor were Elves that had returned to Endor to make war on
Morgoth in order to recover the Silmarils, or holy jewels. This list covers
all Noldor-led armies until the end of the second age except the hidden
kingdom of Gondolin, which is covered separately. It then also covers the
remnant forces of Rivendell and Lindon in the third age for use as ally
contingents in other lists, such as the contingent Glorfindel led in 3A1975
when Angmar was defeated by Gondor. Unlike most Elves, the Noldor
preferred to live in cities, and could tolerate Dwarvish company. The
Noldor made extensive use of cavalry, some charging fast, others being
swift mounted archers. Generals and their guards frequently fought on
foot, and hence Kn (F) may always dismount as Sp (S) if the general of
their command does so. Kn (F) other than unsanctioned nobles may only
be used in commands with a Kn (F) general. The option to classify sub-
generals as LH (F) is because Prince Fingon is described commanding the
horse archers that attacked the dragon Glaurung. A Noldor general may
have allied status to represent the friction between the House of Feanor
and the House of Fingolfin. A 1A army must be either classified as pre-
princedoms, or as belonging to one or more of the princely realms after
the establishment of the princedoms. Such a princely 1A army must have
a general for each realm included in the army. Its terrain options are
defined by where the C-in-C's realm. It can combine options from
different realms, but not in the same command, and must have at least one
general per realm included. An army including any Hithlum generals must
have a Hithlum C-in-C. A Noldor ally-general can only be used with a
Hithlum or Nargothrond C-in-C. An army including any Nargothrond
generals must have a Nargothrond C-in-C, and may not use any allies
other than East Beleriand Noldor. If ambushers are used, the ally must be
used. A Dor-Lomin, Dorthonion or Nevrast sub-general can only be used
with a C-in-C from their own realm or from Hithlum. If Gondolin allies
are used, then Easterling allies, Naugrim allies, Himring Noldor allies and
Edain must all also be used. This represents the huge combined force that
lost at the Nirnaeth Arnoediad. As it will have at least 5 generals, it cannot
be used in normal competitions, since the standard rules allow a maximum
of four commands only. A Gondolin general is costed and treated as if a
sub-general rather than an allied general, and may command Edain from
this list in addition to his normal troops. Edain are those men living in
Brethil (if Ax) or Hithlum. Other men are treated as allies, due to the
possibility of treachery on the battlefield. Only a Thergelion or East
Beleriand general may command Brethil Ax. Laiquendi are wood-elves
living in East Beleriand under Noldor suzerainity. Sindar allies may not be
used in the first age since King Thingol mistrusted the Noldor presence in
Beleriand, and refused to let them within Doriath. The minimum marked *
applies only if any Bd (O) or Bw (O) are used. The minima marked **
apply only if any Falathrim are used. Falathrim allies may not be used
with other allies. A Falathrim general can only command Falathrim, and
must command all Falathrim used.
DBA: 4 x 3Bd, 2 x 4Bw, 3 x 2Lh, 1 x 3Kn/4Sp, 2 x 4Bd or 4Sp or 2 Ps
HotT: 1 x Hero, 2 x Riders, 4 x Blades, 1 x Shooters, 1 x Blades or 1 x
Shooters, 2 x Spears or 1 x Hero
Enemies: Sindar, Angband, Noldor, Goblins, Mordor, Angmar

Army List Notes: Noldor

The Noldor after returning to Middle-earth quickly established several
princedoms. Hithlum was ruled by High-King Fingolfin, with Dor-Lomin
being held by his elder son Fingon. After Fingolfin's death, Dor-Lomin
was held as a fief by the Edain - men serving the Elves. Both were lost
after Nirnaeth Arnoediad, 'the Fifth Battle'. Nevrast was ruled by his
younger son Turgon, until his founding of Gondolin (which is covered by
a separate list).
Dorthonion was held by the brothers Angrod and Aegnor until lost in
during Dagor Bragollach, 'the Fourth Battle'. Their elder brother Finrod
held Nargothrond until his death, after which it was ruled, in name, by
their youngest brother Orodreth. Dorthonion is used in these lists also to
include the lands around Tol Sirion, although this was ruled by Orodreth
until its fall to Sauron.
Himlad was ruled by the brothers Celegorm and Curufin until they were
defeated and joined Finrod in Nargothrond. Himring was ruled by their
eldest brother Maedhros, and Lothlann by another brother, Maglor, until
he was driven out and joined Maedhros. East Beleriand was ruled by their
two youngest brothers, Amorod and Amras, but their people were too few
to count as a realm until strengthened by those of their brother Caranthir
fleeing over-run Thargelion.
In the second age, all the Noldor in Middle-Earth acknowledged Gil-galad
of Lindon, son of Fingon, as High-King, but a great portion of them dwelt
in Eregion near Moria, chief of whom was Celebrimbor, son of Curufin.
By the third age, after Gil-galad's death, the Noldor left in Middle-earth
were too few to count as a full realm, although the list continues so that
remnant outposts may provide allied contingents to other lists. One of
these was Rivendell under Elrond Half-Elven (great-great-grandson of
Fingolfin), founded when Eregion was destroyed by Sauron. The others
was Lindon, which had the Sindarin Elf Cirdan as its lord.
Climate is rated Cold since the Noldorin realms were all in the north of
Middle-Earth.
Agression is rated highly in 1A, although not 4, since they were were on
the defensive after the Seige of Angband was broken. After 1A, the
Noldor were mostly defensive, although Gil-galad expanded his holdings
while Sauron was captive in Numenor, and so are not rated as 0 (Sil,
p349).
Of the 1A realms, only Hithlum and Nevrast bordered the sea, as did
Lindon in 2A, therefore they are allowed a WW (all the rivers being too
small to qualify). Caranthir's city in Thragelion was by Lake Helevorn,
which saw an attack, so it also quailfies, as do Noldorin forces before the
founding of the princedoms, based as they were in Nevrast and Drengist.
All had rivers, hills and/or mountains and woods, and built roads and
towns. The M represents the Marshes of Nevrast around Linaewen.
Orchards are allowed to all, being settled peoples, but Hithlum and Dor-
Lomin appear to be too cold for grapes, so they are not allowed V. As
enclosed fields take time to appear, I have not allowed them to Nevrast
(Turgon removed to Gondolin after a relatively short time, and it was left
abandoned after his departure) or prior to the founding of the princedoms.
Noldorin forces were generally a mixture of cavalry and infantry. Cavalry
was quite numerous (Sil, p147), although prior to the founding of the
princedoms, horses were few (Sil, p141). Some charged swiftly (Sil,
p230), but most were horse archers (Sil, p138, 193). Charging cavalry are
assumed to be those that carried spears (Sil, p213); they are graded as Kn
(F) since even the highest nobility used mail which is never mentioned as
being 'full', unlike that of the knights of Gondor (eg. Sil, p184).
Horse archers are graded as LH (F) rather than Cv (O) since they are
described as riding and circling swiftly (Sil, p138), and because
Glorfindel's horse was very light and fleet (FotR, p284). The option for a
sub-general to be a horse-archer is because Prince Fingon so led them
against Glaurung (Sil, p138).
Other generals were either spear-armed, and on horseback, and are
classified as Kn (F), such as Celegorm (Sil, p213), or swordsmen, such as
Feanor (Sil, p81, 126) or Maedhros (Sil, p131), or in the case of Hurin, the
man most highly-placed in 1A armies, an axeman. Gil-galad's spear was
named Aeglos (Sil, p354). Mounted generals and their guards often
however fought on foot (Sil, p233), and can so dismount as Sp. I have
graded them as (S) when they do so, to make them better than the average
spearman. Generals who fought with sword or axe could be mounted (Sil,
p184; UT, p65).
Noldorin infantry are described as swordsmen (Sil, p230; UT, p21). They
carried shields (Sil, p81), and on the whole are described as advancing
rapidly (Sil, p126, 230) and since secondary weapons are not mentioned, a
grading of Bd (F) seems best. As the Noldor of Gondolin were spearmen,
the possibility exists that other Noldor infantry included spearmen too,
although this is nowhere directly attested.
While Noldor archers are always described as horsed, many Sindar were
to be found in Noldorin armies (Sil, p142) and these would have provided
both archers on foot, and axemen (Sil, p18).
Camp defences are mentioned (Sil, p125).
Dwarves helped the Noldor on many occasions, with both armaments (eg.
Sil, p227) and allied forces (Sil, p232, 354).
The Laiquendi or Green-Elves gave aid to the sons of Feanor (Sil, p184);
Finrod of Nargothrond also had their friendship (Sil, p148), and later,
under the influence of Celegorm and Curufin, Nargothrond adopted a
stategy of fighting ambushes rather than pitched-battles (Sil, p204, 254).
Although Edain had their own leaders (Sil, p177), they were not
independent enough to be classified as allies - indeed, Hurin, their most
famous leader, is allowed as a regular sub-general since he was influential
in deciding battlefield dispositions. They could be mounted, along with
their household men (UT, p65), but the vast majority fought on foot. A
few were Haladin, who excelled in forest warfare (Sil, p177; UT, p377)
and are therefore graded as Ax; Haladin guards existed, some even female
(UT, p377), and because of this, and because some used axes (Sil, p228),
dome may be classified as Ax (S). Most however were from the house of
Hador, or in Dorthonion, the house of Beor, using spears (Sil, p182),
shields and axes (Sil, p234; UT, p19) in close formation (Sil, p171, 182).
Many thousands served in the armies of the Noldor (Sil, p173, 178, 180).
Other Mannish contingents are classified as allies because of the
possibility of treachery (Sil, p189, 232).
Gondolin allies are treated as a sub-general, since they were under
command of Turgon, the High-King's son (Sil, p229). Turgon may
command Edain, since their leaders, Hurin and Huor, had stayed with him
when young, and chose to make their last stand with him (Sil, p234).
Unsanctioned nobles represent those from Nargothrond that served under
Fingon without permission from their king (Orodreth), and who charged
impetuously at the start of the Nirnaith Arnoediad. I am not sure if this
warrents making them Irr, since Reg Kn must follow up sacrificial Hd (I)
anyway, but is probably more realistic.
Cirdan once came to the rescue of Fingon by sailing up the Firth of
Drengist (Sil, p193).
In the second age, the Sindarin realms, while acknowledged the
supremacy of Gil-galad and fighting for his cause, were not apt to taking
orders, and are therefore classified as allies (UT, p258).
The Numenoreans aided Gil-galad against Sauron frequently, at first in
small numbers, in ships (RotK, p454; UT, p239), later in greater numbers
(UT, p239) in which case they are classified as allies.
Third age forces from Rivendell once included a contingent from Lorien
(RotK, p390).
The House of Feanor had a star as its symbol (FotR, p397), the 7 sons of
Feanor may have probably had helms with red plumes (Sil, p81).
Fingolfin had blue and silver banners (Sil, p128), and he himself had
silvered mail, and a blue shield set with crystals (Sil, p184). Fingon's
banner was blue and silver (Sil, p233). Some Sindar from Hithlum used
the Swan as their emblem (UT, p25). Hurin of Dor-Lomin's banner was
golden (UT, p65). Gil-galad's shield was silvered and set with a device of
white stars on a blue rondure (UT, p199, 217). Rivendell's banner was
silver (RotK, p304).

5. Gondolin
Cold. Ag 0. H(S), O, V, E, RGo, Rd, BUA.
1 C-in-C - Reg Sp (S) @ 27
1-2 Sub-general - as above or Reg Sp (O) @ 25 or Reg Bd (O) @ 27
0-1 Ally-general - Reg Bd (O) @ 17
6-12 Phalanx of the Guard - Reg Sp (S) @ 7
12-36 Other Spears - Reg Sp (O) @ 5
0-16 Axes or Swordsmen - Reg Bd (O) @ 7
8-20 Armoured archers - Reg Bw (O) @ 5
Any Upgrade archers to Reg Bw (S) @ 7
Eagle Allies:
0-1 Eagle ally-general - Irr LH (S) @ 12
3*-9 Eagles - Irr LH (S) @ 7
This list covers the hidden kingdom of Gondolin. Gondolin stood on a
plug of rock in the middle of a plain totally enclosed by mountains. The
city was heavily populated by a mixture of Noldor and Sindar, all very
well-equipped with bright mail and well drilled. Shields were round or
kite-shaped, and each regiment had a distinctive emblem and uniform.
Turgon led a 10000-strong contingent to the Nirnaeth Arnoediad which
formed the reserve command. The ally-general is the traitor Maeglin. He
may not command guards. The city was eventually sacked by Gothmog
and his dragons; the last of the realms of the Noldor to fall in the first age.
The minimum marked * applies only if an Eagle ally-general is used. Only
he may command eagles, and all eagles must be in his command.
DBA: 6 x 4Sp, 4 x 4Bw, 2 x 4Bd or 4Bw or 4Sp
HotT: 2 x Heroes, 4 x Spears, 2 x Shooters, 1 x Hero or 2 x Flyers or 2 x
Blades
Enemies: Angband

Army List Notes: Gondolin

Gondolin, the hidden Kingdom, is listed separately from the other Noldor
realms as it possessed no cavalry (a few horses were used for dispatching
messages between the city and the Gate, and as mounts for commanders -
eg. UT, p51), but not enough to qualify even for a single DBM element).
Gondolin was the last of the great Noldor realms of 1A to fall to Morgoth.
Agression is rated as 0 since the one time they came out of hiding to fight
in open battle, it was as part of a combined army that is covered by the
main Noldor list. The Climate is Cold, as befits a land surrounded by tall
mountains, chilly even in fair weather (Sil, p293).
The compulsory H(S) is because the only way into the kingdom for an
invader was through the encircling mountains; Rd is compulsory as the
plain that the city stood in was exceptionally densely populated. Its
fertility is represented by the allowed O, V and E options. There seem to
have been no water features large enough to be rated as Rv (small streams
cutting through the ground as gullies are counted as RGo in DBM).
The CinC, King Turgon, is rated as Sp, since he fought with his guards,
the 'Phalanx of the Guard' (Sil, p231). This elite force is rated (S), and
may have had metal-faced shields like their leader (UT, p27). Other
spearmen fought in ordered ranks and were mail-clad (Sil, p229, p231)
and are therefore graded Reg (O).
Sub-generals are classified as either Sp (O), commanding spears, or as Bd
(O), commanding axes (UT, p51). Tuor himself used an axe (UT, p19,
172). Axes, mostly Sindar (UT, p48), could use kite shields, and were also
mail-clad, as were all the soldiers of Gondolin seemingly (UT, p45; Sil,
p229). Mail could be silvered, gilded, blackened are even reddened. The
ally-general represents the traitor Maeglin (Sil, p292). He is classified as a
Bd since he wielded the renowned sword Anguirel (Sil, p243).
Archers, mail-clad, are also attested as guards (UT, p49), as some are
described as both longbowmen and with large shields suitable for close-
combat, they may be graded as Bw (S).

6. Easterlings
Variags: Warm. Others: Cold. Ag 3. Rv, H(G), Wd, O, V, RGo, Rd, BUA.
Only 'other nations': WW.
6-20 Foot archers - Irr Ps (O) @ 2 or Irr Bw (I) @ 3
24-48 Foot with axes and/or swords - Irr Bd (I) @ 4, or with spears -
Irr Sp (I) @ 3
Only 'other nations':
Dwarven allies - List: Khazad
Only in the first age:
1 C-in-C - Irr Bd (O) @ 15
0-1 Sub-general - Irr Bd (O) @ 15 or Irr Sp (I) @ 13
0-2 Ally-generals - Irr Bd (O) @ 9
6-10 Nobles - Irr Bd (O) @ 5
8-15 Gentry - Irr Bd (I) @ 4 or Irr Sp (I) @ 3
0-16 Skirmishers - Irr Ps (S) @ 3 or Irr Ps (I) @ 1
0-16 Palisades for camp - TF @ 1
Orc allies - List: Angband
Only after the first age:
1 C-in-C as nobles - Irr Cv (O) @ 17 or Irr Bd (O) @ 15
0-1 Sub-general as nobles or gentry - Irr Cv (O) @ 17 or Irr Bd (O) @ 15
0-2 Ally-generals as nobles - Irr Cv (O) @ 12
6-10 Nobles - Irr Cv (O) @ 5
8-15 Gentry - Irr Bd (O) @ 5 or Irr Cv (O) @ 7
0-16 Skirmishers - LH (F) @ 4
0-12 Set-up wagon laager to defend camp - TF @ 1
Only Khand after the first age:
Haradrim allies - List: Haradrim
Only from 2A1800 to 2A3434, 3A2063 to 3A2460, and 3A2951 to
3A3019:
Mordor allies - List: Mordor
Only Wainriders in the third age:
All Upgrade Nobles as charioteers - Irr Kn (O) @ 14 if ally-general, @
19 if other general, @ 9 otherwise
All Upgrade Gentry as cavalry - Irr Cv (O) @ 12 if sub-general, @ 7
otherwise
0-20 Wainriders - Irr Hd (O) @ 1
Only Wainriders in the third age or Balchoth from 3A2489 to
3A2545:
6 Set-up wagon laager to defend camp (in addition to those above) - TF
@1
Only 'other nations' from 3A1240 to 3A1248:
Northmen allies - List: Northmen
Only Wainriders from 3A1851 to 3A1899:
Rhovanion allies - List: Northmen
Only Wainriders in 3A1944:
Khand allies - List: Easterlings
Near-Haradrim allies - List: Harad
Only Balchoth from 3A2489 to 3A2545:
All Replace Gentry and Skirmishers with poorly-equipped foot - Irr Hd
(O) @ 1
Only Balchoth in 3A2510:
0-4 Boats and rafts - Irr Bts (I) @ 1 [Bd, Sp, Ps]
Orc allies - List: Goblins
Only 'other nations' after 3A2545:
Any Upgrade Irr Bd (I) to Irr Bd (O) @ 5
This list covers all Human armies originating far to the east of Eriador,
such as the Wainriders and Balchoth that attacked Gondor, the Easterlings
that attacked the kingdom of Dale at Sauron's behest, and also the
nebulous Variags of Khand. First age armies may not have mounted
troops, as men had yet to master the techniques of horse-rearing. Angband
allies must be led an Orc general. The may not be used with Dwarven
allies. Wainrider chariots are descibed as charging headlong into walls of
defenders rather than skirmishing and are thus graded as Kn. They
conquered Rhovanion after the great plague in 3A1635 decimated the
local population. Rhovanians may not be used with Dwarven or Haradrim
allies. They successfully rebelled during the war with Gondor, and some
later migrated to the Vale of the Anduin, to set up the Eotheod in 3A1977.
A Rhovanian vassal contingent may include non-compulsory foot, and
may not be used with any other external allies. Ally contingents from this
list may include skirmishers or their foot replacements. 'Other nations' are
those other than the Balchoth, Khand or Wainriders. An army may not
include internal allies of a different nation.
DBA: 1 x 4Bd or HCh or 3Cv or 2Lh, 3 x 4Bd or 4 Sp, 3 x 2Ps, 1 x HCh
or 2Lh or 4Sp, 2 x 3Cv or 4Bd, 2 x 4Sp or 2Bw
HotT: 1 x Hero or 2 x Kn or 2 x Bd, 2 x Riders or Bd, 2 x Shooters or 2 x
Sp or 4 x Hordes, 6 x Sp or Bd
Enemies: Khazad, Dunlendings (Woodsmen), Easterlings, Harad,
Northmen, Gondor, Rohan

Army List Notes: Easterlings

I have used the term 'Easterlings' to cover all those Mannish people living
east of the areas covered by the main narratives in Tolkien's works - ie. in
1A, east of Beleriand; in 2A those living within the interior of Middle-
earth, and, in 3A, those originating east of Rhovanion.
Peoples therefore included are all those men in 1A other than those
serving the Eldar (who are included in the Sindar and Noldor lists), such
as the followers of Ulfang (Sil, p189); those unmentioned nations of 2A
that were not even distantly related to the Numenoreans and provided
them with auxiliary horse-archers (UT, p278), some of which were allied
with Sauron at various times; in 3A the Wainriders, the Variags of Khand
to the south, the Balchoth, and those un-named Easterlings that attacked
Dale further to the north.
Climate is rated Cold since the Easterlings mostly orignated in the east
from latitudes similar to Eriador. The climate towards the east seems to
have been no warmer than that in the west (TFotR, p495). An exception is
made for Khand, a land well to the south, and it is accordingly rated as
Warm.
Aggression is rated as 3, since the Easterlings were constantly invading
westwards, except for Khand and the 'other nations': these tended to stay
at home unless stirred up by the likes of Sauron or Morgoth, in which case
they appear as allied contingents to other lists anyway. They are not rated
4, since their invasions progressed slowly (RotK, p403), in decades
generally rather than seasons, with occasional counterattacks being
launched against them eg, UT p289).
Only 'other nations' are allowed a WW (the sea of Rhun); the likes of the
Blachoth and the Wainriders originating further east. As the lands to the
east are depicted as flat and steppe-like, H(S) is not an option. Most of
these peoples seem to have been quite settled, rather than nomads, hence
the allowed Wd, O, V, Rd and BUA terrain options.
Only one sub-general is allowed, as most of these peoples had
confederate-like tribal organisations (RotK, p403; Sil, p188) calling
councils to discuss great matters (Sil, p173).
First age tribes are allowed no horses, since Men had yet to master the arts
of horse riding, and they marched accordingly on foot (Sil, p171). Save
for the less-numerous peoples that lived in scattered settlements such as
those of Haleth (who are represented in the Sindarin list, there numbers
being too few to counts as a separate army), these men seemed to have
fought in close order, rather than as light troops, for they marched 'in
ordered companies' (Sil, p171), and their spearmen later formed shield-
walls (Sil, p182) and are accordingly graded as Bd and Sp rather than Ax.
The people of Haleth used defensive palisades against Orcs (Sil, p175),
and it is possible other tribes did so; these I used to rate as field defences
@ 2 AP, but now that DBM v3.0 allows camp defences to span rivers,
they are rated as camp defences @ 1 AP.
Axes are attested being used by men in service with the Elves (UT, p172;
Sil, p234). Edain chiefs had house-guards and some horsemen, but they
were under the influence of the Noldor (UT, p65). Spearsmen and axemen
apart from chieftains and other nobles are graded as (I), since mail and the
like are not attested, and would be unlikely for any but the richest (and
possibly not for even them) given their lack of technological skills and
little contact-time for trade with either Elves or Dwarves. Youths and such
acting as skirmishers with bow or javelins are assumed from parallels with
historical societies.
Since Lorgan held Dor-Lomin as a fief under Morgoth, Orcs from
Angband may be allied with him. Angband allies are described as having
great numbers of Orcs, but no Balrogs, trolls and the like (UT, p19).
Post first-age forces had access to horses. As such, wagon-laagers to
defend camps are likely for all nations. The Wainriders and Balchoth
certainly used wagons for defensive purposes (UT, p290, 296), and they
are therefore compulsory for these two nations.
The Wainriders were a 3A-group of peoples that attacked Gondor. Their
chieftains fought in chariots (FotR, p520; RotK, p403). These are graded
as Kn, since they charged into defenders 'in great weight' rather than
skirmished (UT, p292). They are not graded as (F) since long lances are
not mentioned, and since these were chieftain's chariots it is quite likely
they would have more extra crewmen than just a driver. The number of
horses pulling each chariot is unknown, they are therefore graded (O)
rather than (S). Other nation's nobles I assume would be Cv if on
horseback, rather than Kn, since it is unlikey that charging chariots would
still be used by the Wainriders if their neighbours used lancers on
horseback, chariots being less efficient.
In addition to their chariots, the Wainriders also used a numerous force of
cavalry that could also charge defenders (UT, p292); I have graded these
and other nations nobles as Cv (O), rather than Kn, since Cv may charge
too (Kn always charge, Cv may charge); while it would be redundant to
have two forms of mounted shock warrior; they are also mentioned as
having horse archers (FotR, p520) which fit a Cv (O) classification. Some
of these are also allowed to be graded as LH (F), since they were
'accustomed to warfare in open lands' (UT, p293), and that may mean
steppe-type horse archers; and the Numenoreans must have recruited their
auxiliary light horse archers from someone in 2A (UT, p278). The term
'gentry' is not used by Tolkien, but makes the army list organisation easier,
and such horsemen are likely to have been provided by men of an
equivalent status.
Footmen, like their 1A ancestors, are classified on the whole in close
rather than loose order, as befits steppe-peoples. They could still be
axemen (FotR, p520; RotK, p143) or swordsmen (FotR, p520);
presumably spearmen were still used as well. Archers are included, since
not all would have served on horseback, and the quantities of arrows fired
might imply their use by footmen as well as horsemen. An arrow was
responsible for Minohtar's death at the hands of the Wainriders (UT,
p294).
The foot were present in larger numbers than the mounted troops, even in
Wainrider armies (UT, p293). The worst of these, the actual riders of the
wains (RotK, p403), are classified as Hd (O). They allied with Khand and
Hear-Harad at one stage to attack Gondor (UT, p292, RotK, p403), and
had access to Rhovanion vassals (UT, p292) some of which eventually
rebelled (UT, p290), as had earlier Easterlings (RotK, p398).
The Balchoth were another 3A group, related to the Wainriders (UT,
p296). They had few horsemen, which I assume would be represented by
just the nobility, and were rudely armed, but present in large numbers,
hence the required Hd (O) elements. They were joined by a large number
of Orcs (UT, p299, 301) when they crossed the Anduin, for which they
built rafts and small boats (RotK, p410).
The Variags of Khand were allied with the Haradrim against the
Wainriders (UT, p291), before joining them in alliance (UT, p292). Other
nations could be on friendly terms with Dwarves (Sil, p188).
The footmen of the later Easterlings, who fought with axes (RotK, p110)
are described as 'war-hardened' (RotK, p146). They are accordingly
allowed to be upgraded as (O).
Sauron often directed the movements of these peoples, and lent assistance
to them, although not in the west, where his movements would be
watched.
7. Goblins
Cold. Ag 3. Rv, H(S), H(G), Wd, RGo, Rd.
1 C-in-C - Irr Bd (F) @ 15 or Irr Ax (S) @ 14
1-3 Ally-generals - Irr Bd (F) @ 10 or Irr Ax (S) @ 9
0-1 Sub-general - Irr Bd (F) @ 15 or Irr Ax (S) @ 14 or Irr Ax (O) @ 13
3-11 Guards - Irr Bd (F) @ 5 or Irr Ax (S) @ 4
8-24 Wolf-riders - Irr LH (O) @ 5
12-42 Archers - up to 1/2 Irr Bw (I) @ 3, rest as Irr Ps (O) @ 2
0-1/6 Upgrade Archers with mail and spear to Irr Bw (O) @ 4
40-100 Warriors - Irr Ax (I) @ 2
0-48 Upgrade Warriors to Great Orcs - Irr Ax (O) @ 3
0-1/3 Downgrade Warriors or Archers to Irr Hd (O) @ 1
0-10 Trolls - half Irr Bd (S) @ 7, half supporting Irr Bd (O) @ 4 on
double-base elements
Warg allies:
1* Ally-general as Irr LH (I) @ 8
12*-36 Wargs - Irr LH (I) @ 3
Dwarven allies - List: Khazad
This list covers all independent Orc tribes after the first age, such as those
from Mt. Gundabad in the far north, or the tribes living in the Misty
Mountains. Like Dwarves, all Goblins lived underground. Although
generally well armoured and inventive, their small stature prevents them
from being classed as Ax (S). Some were larger, although still much
smaller than a man, and can be classified as Ax (O). Archer Ps (O) may
support Ax. Banners at the Battle of the Five Armies are described as
black and red. Wargs are large wolves speaking their own language.
Minima marked * only apply if more than 6 elements of Wargs are used.
A Warg ally-general may only command Wargs, and if present must
command at least half of those used. Wolfriders may dismount to defend
fortifications or within 300p of enemy fortifications or war-wagons as Ax
(I); or to enter rough or difficult going as Wb (F) (but on LH sized bases),
in which case they are accompanied by and fight alongside their mounts,
which therefore do not get left behind as separate elements, but are part of
the dismounted element, and can accordingly be remounted. When Wargs
are in difficult going they are reclassified as Ax (I) except that they are
impetuous. They cannot otherwise 'dismount'. Trolls should be depicted
one or two to a double-element base. The Bd (O) on their bases represents
their large size and toughness rather than genuine supprting troops, and
are accordingly not represented by figures. Trolls may not be used with
Wargs or Dwarven allies. This is an army that is most at home in its native
mountains, but due to the large numbers of wolves, it is not helpless in the
open. Orcs made a habit of flank-marching forces around the enemy,
screened by intervening mountains, a tactic that tabletop generals might
do well to emulate. Dwarven allies may not include regulars, and may not
be used with Warg allies.
DBA: 1 x 3Bd, 2 x 2LH, 3 x 2Ps or 3Bw, 6 x 3Ax
HotT: 1 x Warband or Blades, 1 x Warband, 2 x Riders, 2 x Lurkers or 1 x
Beasts, 1 x Behemoth or 2 x Beasts, 10 x Hordes
Enemies: Sindar, Khazad, Easterlings, Goblins, Dunlendings, Rohan

Army List Notes: Goblins

Goblins (Orc is the Sindarin word for goblin) were created by Morgoth,
the Great Enemy. After his defeat at the end of the first age, the Orcs
became independent, but periodically came under the sway of other Evil
Powers, such as Sauron, or his servants such as the Witchlord of Angmar,
and later, his rival Saruman. This list covers those independent tribes that
were not directly under such a Power's sway. Examples include those Orcs
that invaded the White Mountains (Ered Nimrais) and attacked Rohan
(RotK, p434); those of the Misty Mountains (Hithaeglir) both before the
realm of Angmar was established, and surviving after its destruction; and
preminently those of Mount Gundabad and the Grey Mountains (Ered
Mithrin) to its east (Hob, p136).
Aggression is rated as 3, since these Goblins more often attacked their
neighbours than vice versa - the only real campaign being mounted
against them in their own territory was by the Dwarves, 3A2793-9.
As befits a race dwelling in the mountains, climate is rated Cold, and steep
hills are a compulsory terrain choice. No goblins lived near the sea, so no
WW is allowed, but mountain rivers are allowed. Wd are allowed, since
the Ered Mithrin bordered the northern eaves of Mirkwood, and a forest is
recorded outside the gates of Moria, which was an Orcish stronghold
during the latter third-age (RotK, p445). Rd are allowed, since the goblins
might open their underground gates in positions to allow access to well-
travelled paths (Hob, p97). As they lived underground, no BUA is
allowed.
Generals had bodyguards (RotK, p443), goblins of exceptional size (Hob,
p266) who fought better than the normal warriors (Hob, p267) and carried
axes, scimitars (Hob, p69) and shields (Hob, p70). They can accordingly
be graded as Bd (F). Guards are not classified as warband, since they
fought in ranks, and slowly pushed back spearmen, rather than broke
through them quickly (Hob, p267). Classification as Ax (S) is also
allowed, as heavily armoured chieftains (FotR, p422) and guards (Hob,
p91) could use spear and shield (FotR, p423) rather than axes or other
chopping weapons (RotK, p443).
Ally-generals are compulsory, as goblins were fractious, and prone to in-
fighting even when under the 'control' of a Power (eg. RotK, p213), and
accordingly only one sub-general is allowed - most likely the son of the
greatest chief present, as Bolg was the son of Azog (Hob, p263).
The average goblin, being a mountain-dweller, and fast moving (Hob,
p91), is classified as Ax. Goblins did not engage in impetuous behaviour
or wild and charges, so ruling out a classification as Wb (or Hd (S) for
that matter). Most carried spear and shield (Hob, p106), the spears being
short (UT, p273) but broad-bladed (Sil, p133) and heavy weapons that
could be thrown at need (Hob, p108). Scimitars ('crooked' or 'bent'
swords) were the side-arm of choice (FotR, p428). Since goblins were on
the whole smaller than Dwarves, Elves or men (UT, p362), and performed
badly in battle on the whole, classification as Ax (I) is best, despite the
common ownership of at least helmets (Hob, p105) and mail (RotK,
p226). Bigger ones (these might be the ones termed 'hobgoblins'), or those
with full armour (Hob, p91) may be classified as Ax (O) - but they were
still smaller than men (UT, p273) and do not warrant classification as Ax
(S) which is reserved for only the very largest and best armed. Goblins
may be downgraded to Hd, since sometimes they were dragooned into
fighting unwillingly, leaders customarily carrying whips (RotK, p249),
and also since they could not endure open sunlight (Hob, p293; TT, p59)
they sometimes fought even more poorly than normal.
Some goblins were archers (FotR, p502). Some put up a hail of arrows
(UT, p273, RotK, p202), so classification as Bw might be best; others
seemed to have acted more like skirmishers (UT, p275), or shooting over
the heads of other troops (TT, p169), and scouts are several times
mentioned (eg. TT, p57), and so are classified as Ps (O). A few Bw (O)
are allowed since some archers had bow, spear and armour, but it is more
likely that most bowmen were provided by the smaller orcs (RotK, p241).
Ps (O) may support goblin Ax, since archers that shot overhead did so into
enemy already engaged by those the goblins were supporting (TT, p169).
Some goblins rode upon wolves (Hob, p103, 263). Wolf-riders were swift,
and since they worked best at picking off isolated companies, yet were
quite effective at attacking knights such as the Riders of Rohan,
classification as LH (O) is best. (F) is not warranted, since the wolves
were quite a bit smaller than horses (their jaws slashed horse's bellies) and
so would likely have somewhat encumbered by their rider - even a small
rider such as a goblin (UT, p365). As they were not bow-armed, (S) is not
warranted either - and would make them too effective against Rohirrim
graded as Kn (F).
Wolves without riders are graded as LH (I) since they had no rider to give
them an additional combat capability over their fangs, and a wolf by itself
would make quite a vulnerable target without a rider to help shield it from
attack. It seems that most, if not all wolves in goblin armies (as opposed to
armies containing goblins) were ridden, and hence riderless wolves are
only allowed as part of a Warg allied command unless used in small
numbers (Hob, p103).
Wargs, great wolves speaking their own language frequently worked in
alliance with goblins (Hob, p130, 263), and having their own chieftain are
therefore classified as allies (Hob, p103).
Trolls could also be found working with goblins (FotR, p428) - although
more likely to be found below ground than above it. Trolls were
incredibly tough (FotR, p428) and are rated as a Bd (S); the Bd (O)
supports double-based with them mean that they will not be overrun by
Kn easily, while at the same time enabling their bases to be bigger, so that
their figures can be more accomodated easily! The more evil giants and
ogres might possibly substitute for trolls (Hob, p82), although none are
actually recorded serving with goblins.
Some Dwarves allied with Goblins (Hob, p69), but not Durin's tribe, so
they may not include any regular troops.
Goblin banners at the battle of the Five Armies were black and red (Hob,
p265).

8. Mordor
From 3A1000 to 3A1980: Ag 2. Cold. Rv, H(S), Wd, RGo, Rd, BUA.
Otherwise: Ag 4. Dry. H(S), H(G), RGo, M, Rd, BUA.
1 C-in-C: Irr Ax (S) @ 14
0-2 Sub-generals - Irr Ax (S) @ 14
0-8 Wolfriders - Irr LH (O) @ 5
0-12 Riderless wolves ('Hounds of Sauron') - Irr LH (I) @ 3
20-32 Orc archers - up to 2/3 as Irr Bw (I) @ 3, the rest as Irr Ps (O) @
2
0-6 Upgrade archers with mail and spear to Irr Bw (O) @ 4
30-60 Orc warriors - Irr Ax (I) @ 2
0-32 Upgrade Great Orc Ax (I) with mail and/or darts - Ax (O) @ 3
0-7 Upgrade Orc Ax (O) to Ax (S) @ 4
0-1/2 Downgrade Orcs to Irr Hd (O) @ 1
6-16 Trolls - half Irr Bd (S) @ 7, half supporting Irr Ps (O) @ 1 on
double-base elements
0-8 Half-trolls - Irr Wb (O) @ 3
Only in the second age or after 3A1980:
0-18 Subject men - Irr Sp (I) @ 3 or Irr Bd (I) @ 4
Southron allies - List: Haradrim
Khand, Wainrider or other Easterling allies - List: Easterlings
Only in the second age:
0-10 Dwarf allies - List: Khazad
Only after 2A1693:
0-2 Upgrade generals to Reg Kn (S) @ 35
Only after 3A2475:
All Upgrade Ax (S) to Uruk-Hai as Reg Bd (F) @ 27 if general,
otherwise @ 7
0-16 Trenchworks - TF @ 2
0-4 Catapults - Reg Art (S) @ 10
Any Replace Trolls with cavalry - Reg Cv (O) @ 8 or Irr Cv (O) @ 7
(each Cv replaces one double element of trolls)
1*-3 Upgrade all other Trolls to those with siege engines as Reg
WWg (S) @ 14 (Each WWg replaces two double-based elements of trolls)
Any Upgrade Subject Men to Irr Bd (O) @ 5
Only in 3A3019:
Any Downgrade Reg Kn (S) generals to those mounted on fell beasts - Irr
LH (S) @ 17
After Morgoth's defeat at the end of the first age, his lieutenant Sauron
arose to become the new Enemy. Defeated by the Numenoreans in the
second age, Sauron was captured and taken to Numenor, where he
managed to destroy the Kingdom from within. In the third age, his main
enemy was the remnant Numenorean kingdom of Gondor, and Sauron
spent much energy organizing alliances to wear down its strength. This
list covers Sauron's armies in both the second and third ages. The period
from 3A1000 to 3A1980A represents the time when Sauron's power was
based in Dol Guldur, rather than Mordor. A Kn (S) C-in-C is usually the
Witch-king, first of the Nazgul, but can also be the Mouth of Sauron.
Nazgul (ring-wraiths) were usually mounted on great black warhorses. A
Kn (S) sub-general can only be used if the C-in-C is a Kn (S). Orc Ps (O)
may support Bd (F) or Ax. Trolls should be depicted one or two to a
double-element base. The Ps (O) on their bases represents their large size
and toughness rather than genuine archer supports, and should accordingly
not be represented by figures. Wolfriders may dismount to defend
fortifications or within 300p of enemy fortifications or war-wagons as Ax
(I); or to enter rough or difficult going as Wb (F) (but on LH sized bases),
in which case they are accompanied by and fight alongside their mounts,
which therefore do not get left behind as separate elements, but are part of
the dismounted element. When riderless wolves are in difficult going they
are reclassified as Ax (I) except that they are impetuous. They cannot
otherwise 'dismount'. Catapults may not be used with wolves or
wolfriders. Allied contingents drawn from this list may include riderless
wolves, wolfriders and subject men; need not contain any trolls; and may
not include Kn (S), LH (S), Art (S) or WWg(S). The minima marked *
applies only if any TF or Art are used.
DBA: 1 x 3Kn or 3Ax, 1 x Art or 2LH, 2 x 3Bw or 2Ps, 4 x 3Ax, 2 x 2Bd,
1 x 2LH or 4Wb or 4Sp, 1 x 4Sp or 4Bd
HotT: 1 x Hero plus 1 x Hordes or 1 x Flyers plus 1 x Artillery, 1 x Riders
or Beasts, 1 x Behemoths, 1 x Blades, 1 x Warband or Riders or Blades, 6
x Hordes, 1 x Lurkers or Hordes, 1 x Warband or 1 x Shooters or 2 x
Hordes
Enemies: Sindar, Khazad, Noldor, Easterlings, Harad, Numenor, Gondor,
Rohan, Orthanc

Army List Notes: Mordor

This list represents all Sauron's forces except those based at Angmar under
the Witch-King, which have their own list.
From 3A1000 to 3A1980 Sauron did not occupy Mordor, and instead was
based at Dol Guldur. In this period, he was regaining his strength, and is
rated only Aggression 2 since he did not send any armies to invade other
countries from Dol Guldur, but neither was he attacked. Climate is rated
Cold, since Aragorn states that even the regions around the Anduin to the
south could expect snow over winter (TFotR, p495). No WW is allowed,
as the Anduin is not big enough to classify as a waterway, being small
enough for Orcs to shoot arrows across around the Falls of Rauros (FotR,
p502) - and the same falls would stop invaders bringing ships anyway.
Dol Guldur was located deep within Mirkwood hence the required Wd.
Before this period, from about 2A1000, and afterwards, Sauron was based
in Mordor (RotK, p458). Aggression is rated 4 as he was of course the
prime aggressor in Middle-earth, being invaded only once (2A3434), and
invading others countless times.
Climate is rated Dry, as the Plateau of Gorgoroth in whch Barad-dur and
Orodruin were located was a waterless wasteland (RotK, p256), rimmed
by mountains, and riddled with gullies, hence the compulsory RGo (RotK,
p254). The M represents the marsh in front of Morannon (RotK, p196),
and also the Dead Marshes slight further afield.
Most of Sauron's troops were provided by Orcs. See the Goblin list for
notes on how these are classified. Most were pale-skinned, although the
smaller ones could be black-skinned (RotK, p241). Orcs carried badges on
their helmets - most carried the Red Evil Eye (UT, p282; RotK, p110, 226,
241). Uniforms might be worn: the livery of the Red Eye, or, like those
from Minas Morgul, the Moon distorted into a skull (RotK, p213). While
the usage of uniforms and the like would usually indicate regular status in
DBM, Orcs were such a fractious lot, fighting amongst themselves at the
drop of a hat (eg. RotK, p250) that irregular seems more appropriate.
Although wolves, ridden or riderless, were used, being called 'Hounds of
Sauron' by Gandalf (FotR, p388) they do not seem to have been as
prevalent as under Morgoth, or in independent Goblin tribes, and they are
therefore not compulsory. They would likely be more common in the
colder north than in Mordor from where most of our evidence comes
from, and as such can be included in allied contingents supplied to other
armies.
Trolls were quite commonly used. (RotK, p119, 202, 521). Trolls were
incredibly tough (FotR, p428) and are rated as a Bd (S); the Ps supports
double-based with them mean that they will not be overrun by Kn easily,
while at the same time enabling their bases to be bigger, so that their
figures can be more accomodated easily!
Half-trolls (RotK, p143) or Troll-men (RotK, p145) are mentioned - I
assume these would be ferocious, if not as much as genuine trolls, and not
so agile and fast as Orcs, and have graded them as Wb (O).
Sauron had many Men in his armies (FotR, p520; TT, p307; RotK, p110).
Some of these would count as allied contingents, fighting under their own
leaders, such as the Haradrim at the Battle of Pelennor Field (RotK,
p134); others had Sauron as their overlord (TT, p307), and are accordingly
included in the main list. Most were foot, as Sauron had few horsemen
(RotK, p107). Mostly of eastern origins, they could be axemen (FotR,
p520; RotK, p143) or swordsmen (FotR, p520), or even spearmen (see the
Easterlings army list notes). Easterlings could be Variags (RotK, p145),
Wainriders (RotK, p520) and others (RotK, p110, 201).
Dwarves did not favour Sauron, although a few a recorded fighting for
him in 2A, and so they are allowed as a limited ally contingent (p354).
After Sauron made the One Ring, the Nazgul, or Ring-wraiths, were his
most trusted servants. They typically rode upon black horses; their
abilities are best classifed as Reg Kn (S). A Reg Kn (S) general could also
be the Mouth of Sauron (RotK, p197, 201).
In the later 3A, Sauron bred the Uruk-Hai, a bigger and more ferocious
breed of Orc more closely tied to himself (RotK, p409). I have assumed
Gothmog, lieutenant of Minas Mogul, was one (RotK, p143). See the
Orthnac list notes for more on Uruks.
Trench works were used at Minas Tirith to protect the catapults (RotK,
p111) and cut roads (RotK, p125). The catapults could fire incendiaries
(RotK, p112), and as they outranged the defenders' ones, they are classed
as Art (S). Seige-towers were also used (RotK, p115, 119) at the same
action.
Cavalry may be graded as Reg, since not all was provided by Easterner
vassals (TT, p307): Cirith Ungol had some (RotK, p231), and Minas
Morgul had many, moving in an ordered manner and clad in black (TT,
p395), as were the Mouth of Sauron's mounted guard (RotK, p197).
The banner of the Mouth of Sauron was black with the lidless eye (RotK,
p112) in red (RotK, p197)

9. Harad
Dry. Ag 2. WW, Rv, H(G), O, V, E, RGo, D, Rd, BUA.
1 C-in-C - Irr Cv (O) @ 17
1-2 Sub-generals - as above
4-9 Mumakil - Irr El (S) @ 20
6-18 Cavalry - Irr Cv (O) @ 7
12-24 Spearmen - Irr Sp (I) @ 3
0-16 Archers - Irr Ps (O) @ 2 or Irr Bw (I) @ 3
0-6 Upgrade armoured archers to Irr Bw (O) @ 4
0-12 Far-Haradrim - all Irr Wb (O) @ 3 or all Irr Bd (I) @ 4 or all Irr
Bd (O) @ 5
0-6 Horsemen - Irr LH (O) @ 5
Khand allies - List: Easterlings
Haradrim allies - List: Harad
Far-Haradrim allies - List: Later Pre-Islamic Arab (Book 2, may not
include any camels)
Only from 2A3320 to 3A1050:
1* Upgrade Black Numenorean C-in-C to Reg Kn (O) @ 32
2*-6 Upgrade Black Numenorean spearmen as Reg Sp (O) @ 5
0-6 Upgrade Black Numenorean archers as Reg Bw (O) @ 5
Only after the second age:
0-30 Upgrade generals to Reg Cv (O) @ 28, Cavalry to Reg Cv (O)
@ 8, armoured archers to Reg Bw (O) @ 5, other Archers to Reg Bw (I)
@ 4 or Reg Ps (O) @ 2, and Spearmen to Reg Sp (I) @ 4
Only if after 3A1448:
0-6 Corsairs' dromunds - Reg Gal (S) @ 4 (Corsair Ax) or boats - Irr Bts
(O) @ 2 (Corsair Ps)
1** Upgrade Corsair dromund to Corsair ally-general's flagship @ 14
1/Gal Corsairs - Irr Ax (S) @ 4
1/Bts Corsairs - Irr Ps (O) @ 2
All/0 Upgrade Corsair Ax to Reg Ax (S) @ 5 and Ps to Reg Ps (O) @
2
Only in 3A1944:
Wainrider allies - List Easterlings

This lists covers the Southron kingdoms south of Gondor. At least some
troops were organized into uniformed regiments. One spear-armed
regiment had black spiked bosses on yellow shields. They are classed as
(I) since they were ridden down by Rohirrim Kn. Some infantry are
described as wearing red, and with brass scale corselets. Cavalry fought
with scimitars rather than lances or spears. Mumakil were enormous
elephants bearing war-towers. At least as many regular spearmen elements
must be fielded as other regular elements. The minimum marked * applies
only if any Black Numenoreans are used. They may not be used with any
allied contingents. The Corsairs were a remnant faction from the
Gondorian Kin-strife civil-war that retained the great habour of Umbar,
and were the dominant naval power for most of the later third age. Corsair
galleys are described as dromunds and ships of great draught with many
oars and black sails. Rowers were slaves chained to the benches. Small
boats were also used. The minimum marked ** applies only if more than
2 naval elements are used. Far-Haradrim from the deep south were black-
skinned, and are described as being like "half-trolls" with red tongues! It
is assumed that they can be equated with historical desert cultures.
Horsemen and Far-Haradrim all count as Bedouin. Allied contingents
drawn from this list may contain Archers, Horsemen, Far-Haradrim and
Corsairs, and, in the case of Corsairs, up to 6 elements, and need not
contain Mumakil. If used, a Corsair ally-general must command all and
only Corsairs.
DBA: 2 x El, 3 x 3Cv, 4x 4 Sp, 1 x 2Ps, 1 x 2LH or 3Bw or 4Sp or 4Wb, 1
x 4Wb or 4Sp or 2Ps
HotT: 3 x Riders, 2 x Behemoths, 4 x Spears, 1 x Riders or Shooters
Enemies: Easterners, Mordor, Harad, Gondor

Army List Notes: Harad

The only details given about the Southron Kingdoms (Harad means
'South') relate to that at the end of 3A; I have assumed those in other times
to be similar. The Haradrim seem to have been cast as 'middle-easterners'
partcularly in their swarthy complexions and black hair (TT, p335).
Agression is rated as 2, since while the Haradrim were often invaded and
even sometimes conquered by Gondor (3A1050 to 3A1432), the Haradrim
retaliated in kind, leading raids as far north as the Isen in Eriador (RotK,
p430).
Climate is rated as Dry - even South Gondor bordering Near Harad is
described as a 'desert land' on the published Middle-Earth map. A WW is
allowed, as the great harbour of Umbar, long held by Harad at the time of
the battle of Pelennor Fields, was the prime point of contention between
them and Gondor. Rv represents rivers such as the Harnen.
Generals are mounted on horses rather than Mumakil as the 'Chieftain'
was so mounted at Pelennor Fields. Mumakil are described as elephants,
but larger than any of those now living (TT, p335), they had howdahs
(TT, p336; RotK, p336), and are accordingly rated as (S). Trappings were
scarlet and gold and tusks were banded with gold (TT, p36). Mumakil are
optional in alliedontingents because the force that went to Morannon
contained none (TT, p315)
Cavalry were numerous (RotK, p143). They are rated as Cv, since they
used scimitars as their main weapon, rather than lance or bow (RotK,
p135), and graded as (O) since horse armour is not mentioned and they
were quickly broken through by the Rohirrim Kn.
Footmen are split between spearmen and archers both by analogy with
medieval Arab Islamic states, and because some at least were spearmen
(TT, p315), while arrows were used by some men (RotK, p166). They
could be dressed in red or scarlet (TT, p335, RotK, p143). Some at least
were armoured with scale corselets (TT, p335); if bowmen these are
graded (O); while spearmen, even if armoured, are graded as (I), as they
were ridden down by Rohirrim Kn (RotK, p143)
Far-Haradrim foot are classed either as Wb on the assumption that 'men
like half-trolls' must be somewhat ferocious; they are then graded (O) as
then they can move with the other foot - they do not seemed to have
advanced further than the others at Pelennor Fields, which they surely
would have done if they were (F), given no general to restrain them;
otherwise as Bd such as historical pre-Islaic Arabs. Some non-compulsory
LH are allowed on the assumption that such a large group of people as the
Haradrim would have some skirmishing horsemen; as (O) again since pre-
Islamic Arab horsemen are so classified.
Khand and Wainrider allies are allowed after the Haradrim patched up
their differences with them, having previously been enemies, and decided
to attack Gondor instead (UT, p291, 295). Other Haradrim allies are
allowed since the Haradrim are described as 'peoples' plural, rather than
singular (UT, p291; p312), and under 'kings' (RotK, p397). Nothing is
known of the Far-Haradrim, and I assume they can therefore be related to
historical pre-Islamic desert cultures.
The option to upgrade some troops to regular is because the red-clothing
may be evidence of uniform organisation as well as clothing; and also
because the Hardrim are described as fighting on resolutely at Pelennor
Fields since they were 'war-hardened', despite the loss of their general
(RotK, p146), which is much more difficult to do with troops graded as
irregular. At least half of those graded as regular must be spearmen, since
it is the foot who are most often described this way, and of the footmens'
weaponry, only spears are attested.
Black Numenoreans were those King's men corrupted by Sauron after his
return to Middle-Earth that came to dominate Harad (Sil, p353). They are
graded like their contemporaries from Gondor since both came from the
same cultural stock with the same traditions. They may not be used after
Harad was conquered by Gondor in 3A1050. They are described as
leading the Haradrim armies (RotK, p397), hence both the classification
of their general as the CinC, and their limited numbers.
Corsairs used both black-sailed dromunds, and also as 'ships of great
draught with many oars' (RotK, p144); they are therefore rated as Gal (S).
Corsairs were a regular feature of Haradrim forces, hence their numbers
availible in allied contingents drawn from this list. I grade their crews as
light troops, Ax or Ps, since they did not seem to have ventured far from
their ships at Pelargir as close-formation troops might have done so, even
in their great numbers; and also because Byzantine marines (for they were
the only nation historically to use the large galleys called 'dromunds') are
graded as Ax (S). I assume crews of the many smaller boats mentioned
would not be fully-armed marines like those of the dromunds.
The banner of the King of Harad at the battle of Pelennor Fields was
scarlet with a black serpent (RotK, p135). Other banners were also of red
(RotK, p 108; TT, p315).

10. Numenor
Warm. Ag 4. WW, Rv, H(S), H(G), Wd, O, V, E, RGo, Rd, BUA.
1 C-in-C - Reg Sp (S) @ 27 or Reg Bd (O) @ 27
1-2 Sub-generals - as above
6-12 Guards - All Reg Sp (S) @ 7 or all Reg Bd (O) @ 7
1-2 Scouts - Reg LH (F) @ 4
8-32 Spearmen - Reg Sp (O) @ 5
10-24 Cohorts - all Reg Bw (O) @ 5 or all Reg Bw (S) @ 7
0-1 Light stone-throwers - Reg Art (I)
0-8 Auxiliaries - Irr LH (F) @ 4
0-6 Auxiliaries - Irr Ax (O) @ 3
0-8 Ships - Reg Gal (S) @ 4 or Irr Shp (S) @ 4 (Sp, Bd, Bw)
0-6 Transports - Irr Shp (I) @ 2 (Bg, Reg LH)
Only after 2A1700:
Eldar allies - List: Noldor
Only before 2A3319:
Easterling vassal allies - List: Easterlings
Southron vassal allies - List: Haradrim (may not include regulars)
Only after 2A3319:
0-1 Upgrade C-in-C to Reg Bd (S) @ 29
Hillmen allies: - List: Dunlendings
Numenor was a large island far from the coasts of Middle-earth, inhabited
by the descendents of the Men that had served the Noldor in the first age.
This lists covers Numenorean armies from when the first permanent
havens were set up in Endor around the year 1200 of the second age, until
the start of the third age, including the Kingdoms in Exile, Gondor and
Arnor, after the fall of Numenor proper in 2A3319. Numenoreans did not
fight on horseback, leaving the job of scouting to bow-armed light horse
generally of foreign origin. Guards wore black and silver. Archers were
organized into cohorts and had steel bows. It is uncertain what secondary
arms were carried. Numenorean ships were large, with towers and many
masts. They might be equipped with auxiliary oars. Noldor allies cannot
be used with other allies. Allied contingents drawn from this list need not
contain any guards.
DBA: 1 x 2LH, 1 x 2Lh or 3Ax or 4Sp, 1 x 4Bd or 4Sp, 4 x 4Sp, 4 x 4Bw,
1 x 4Bw or 4Sp
HotT: 1 x Hero or 2 x Blades or 2 x Spears, 1 x Riders, 4 x Spears, 3 x
Shooters, 2 x Shooters or Spears
Enemies: Easterlings, Mordor, Haradrim, Dunlendings

Army List Notes: Numenor

Numenor was a very large island peopled by the those men, the Edain,
allied to the Elves of Beleriand at start of 2A. The Numenoreans were
slow in returning to Middle-Earth, at first content with their own island,
but gradually taking lands for their own, until they became the most
powerful empire Middle-Earth had ever seen. The island was drowned in
the great cataclysm of 2A3319, but its culture survived in the two
successor states of Arnor and Gondor. These are covered by their own
lists in 3A, but use this list in 2A post 3319.
Aggression is rated 4, as Numenor itself was never invaded, while the
Nmenoreans conquered many other nations. Gondor and Arnor were
likewise aggresive in overthrowing Sauron. The terrain list and climate
reflects the island of Numenor itself, a land with a favourable climate
(UT, p165ff) and resources. A road is compulsory, as the state was very
well-organised, with many roads, for the most part unpaved however (UT,
p169).
Numenoreans fought almost exclusively on foot (UT, p278), the only
exceptions being mounted scouts. They were well-organised, disciplined,
and trained to a high standard. They formed up in shield-walls when on
the defensive (UT, p272), and used longer weapons than the short Orcish
spear (UT, p273), and are hence graded as Reg Sp (O). Guards units
existed (UT, p271) - I assume that these would be equally capable with
sword or spear. That they could form up in wedge formations (UT, p273)
would certainly point to a Bd classification being permissible. In any case,
Numenoreans used axes as weapons (UT, p170). The option for a Bd (S)
C-in-C is to cover Elendil wielding Narsil (Sil, p354).
As well as these close-fighting troops, archers were also employed. They
were organised into cohorts and shot dense volleys, and are accordingly
graded as Reg Bw (UT, p170). These were longbowmen using steel bows
(UT, p273), and can accordingly be classified as Bw (S).
Engines of war are mentioned (Sil, p330) which I have assumed to be
similar to those of their Gondorian descendents (RotK, p158).
Auxiliary light horse-archers were employed (UT, p278), hence the LH
(F) listed, and the Ax (O) represent those tribesmen of the forests and hills
that they at first befriended (Sil, p316).
Numenoreans were excellent mariners, and used naval forces extensively,
for instance in the defence of the Grey Havens (eg UT, p239) assisting the
Noldor against Sauron. Such was the size of the Numenorean fleet on this
occasion that it could scarcely find harbourage (hence the large number of
naval elements allowed, and the rating of the Noldor as allies, rather than
the Numenoreans being allied to the Noldor).
Before Numenor fell, it had laid vast parts of Middle-Earth under
vassalage (Sil, p319); such peoples were not very advanced, and so cannot
contain regular troops. The Hillmen of the Ered Nimrais swore allegiance
to Gondor; as they in fact refused to take the field against Sauron they are
counted as allies (UT, p430).
The banner of Elendil was black, with a white tree, surrounded by seven
stars, surmounted by a gold and silver crown (RotK, p145).

11. Dunlendings
Cold.
Hillmen: Ag 2. Rv, H(S), H(G), Wd, RGo, Rd, BUA.
Woodsmen: Ag 1. Rv, Wd, RGo, Rd, BUA. Only in 2A: WW. Only in
3A: H(S), H(G).
1 C-in-C - on foot as Irr Ax (O) @ 13 or on horse as Irr LH (O) @ 15
1-2 Ally-generals - as Irr Ax (O) @ 8 or Irr LH (O) @ 10
0-1 Sub-general - as Irr Ax (O) @ 13 or Irr LH (O) @ 15
50-120 Warriors - Irr Ax (O) @ 3
10-30 Scouts and youths - Irr Ps (S) @ 3 or Irr Ps (O) @ 2 or Irr Ps (I)
@1
0-3 Boats - Irr Bts (I) @ 1 (Ax, Ps)
Only Hillmen after 2A2350:
10-20 Upgrade Scouts to Horsemen - Irr LH (O) @ 5
Only after 2A3320:
Any Upgrade general to Irr Ax (S) @ 9 if ally, otherwise @ 14
0-7 Chiefs' men - Irr Ax (S) @ 4
Only Hillmen after 2A3320:
Any Upgrade generals to Irr Cv (O) @ 12 if ally, otherwise @ 17
0-3 Upgrade Chief's men to Irr Cv (O) @ 7
0-1/2 Regrade Warriors with long spears as Irr Ax (X) @ 3
Only Dunlending Hillmen in Rhudaur from 3A1350 to 3A1975:
0-1/4 Upgrade Warriors with ex-Dunedain or Angmar-supplied
armour as Irr Ax (S) @ 4
Angmar allies - list: Angmar
Only Dunlending Hillmen in 3A2758:
0-2 Upgrade C-in-C and sub-general to Irr Kn (F) @ 19
Haradrim allies - list: Harad
Only Woodsmen from 3A1977 to 3A2510:
Eotheod allies - list: Rohan
Only Woodsmen after 3A2510:
0-1/2 Replace Warriors with archers - Irr Bw (I) @ 3
Any Upgrade C-in-C to a Werebear - either Irr El (O) @ 26 or
a double-element of Irr Kn (I) @ 18 for front rank, @ 7 for rear rank
This lists covers the hillmen or Dunlendings living in the foothills of the
southern Hithaeglir, or Misty Mountains; and in the Ered Nimrais, or
White Mountains, further to their south; and also the wood-dwellers living
both east and, in the second age, west of the Hithaeglir, from the time
when the Numenoreans first established permanent outposts in Middle-
Earth in their territories. While fierce, they were however not as well
equipped as their enemies, Dunlending armour being only acquired by
way of loot. A sub-general graded as Kn (F) may only be used if the C-in-
C is also a Kn (F). Harad allies may not contain Mumakil, and may only
be used by a Kn (F) C-in-C. Kn (I) must be mounted on a double-element
base. Dunlending Cv may always dismount as Ax (S).
DBA: 1 x 3Cv or 3Ax, 2 x 2LH, 2 x 2Ps, 7 x 3Ax
HotT: 1 x Riders or Warband, 2 x Riders or 4 x Lurkers or 2 x Shooters, 2
x Lurkers, 8 x Warband
Enemies: Goblins, Dunlendings, Easterlings, Numenor, Gondor, Arnor,
Rohan

Army List Notes: Dunlendings

When the Numenoreans first returned to Middle-earth, they found various
tribes of men inhabiting Eriador, some distantly related to themselves
(UT, p216), others wholy alien (RotK, p517). Included among these later
were those of the forests around the Gwathlo (Greyflood) river. These
woodsmen resisted Numenorean incursions (UT, p262) until driven out,
some seeking refuge in the hills of Dunland (UT, p263), and ceased to
exist long before the end of 2A.
These either became the Dunlendings, or amalgamated with hillmen
already living there, who are reported to be related to the hillmen that
dwelt to the south in the Ered Nimrais (RotK, p517), such as The Dead
Men of Dunharrow. The Dunlendings spread north in the first half of 3A,
becoming in time amalgamated with the other people of Eriador, although
those that remained in Dunland retained their old culture and language.
(RotK, p517).
The inabitants of Dunland are described as 'wild hillmen and herd folk'
(TT p162); it has ben suggested that this might imply two cultural groups,
but there seems little to recommend this theory: indeed, historical societies
living in mountainous areas are inevitably postoralists due to the lack of
arable land.
Another group of woodsmen, not related to the Dunlending group, lived
around the forest of Mirkwood, and enter history only in 3A. The
Beornings were one such group, and may have had links with the Misty
mountains (Hob, p117).
This list therefore represents four different groupings: the woodsmen of
Eriador in 2A, the woodsmen of Mirkwood in 3A, the hillmen of the Ered
Nimrais of 2A (who were therefter absorbed into Gondor), and the
Dunlendings during 2A and 3A.
Climate is rated as cold, since they lived in northerly latitudes, and/or in
mountainous regions. Hillmen are rated as aggression 2 since they
expanded their territories into Rohan (RotK, p433; UT, p371) and
Rhudaur (RotK, p390) during 3A, although they were often attacked too
(RotK, p434). Woodsmen are rated as aggression 1, since they only ever
expanded into lands that were partially vacant and only needed minor
fighting to claim for their own (Hob, p104; 275-6).
A WW (the sea, or the lower Gwathlo river) is allowed only to the early
Woodsmen; the Anduin being classified as a Rv near Mirkwood, and the
Ered Nimrais and Dunland being far from the sea. Hillmen must of course
live in hills, and woodsmen in woods, hence the compulsory terrain
features; the earlier woodsmen lived in the flat plains around Gwathlo and
so cannot have H(S); later woodsmen living in the vale of Anduin are
allowed hills.
The woodsmen of 2A had no central leadership (UT, p262), and those of
3A are never described as having kings, only chiefs (Hob, p276), hence
the compulsory ally-general. Likewise the Dunlendings are never referred
to as having kings, and although the hillmen of the period of around the
end of 2A are described as having a king (RotK, p59), I have assumed that
their society was sufficiently clannish to merit ally generals like the
others.
Most warriors are classified as Ax (O). Woodsmen are described as
warlike (UT, p262) and Dunlendings as fierce (TT, p174), and so are
graded as (O), rather than (I); there is no evidence for any behaviour that
might justify Wb (F), especially since they could not break Rohan shield-
walls (UT, 362), which Wb (F) can do in DBM quite easily. Dunlendings
are described as being without body-armour, save for a few items gained
as loot (UT, p366), so only a portion are allowed to be (S), and then only
after the formation of Gondor, since before then, they would have been
unable to procure many such items. Weapons are likely to have been
javelins, or, especially for the better equipped, spears (RotK, p182),
swords (RotK, p181) and axes (Hob, p117). I have allowed some Hillmen
to be Ax (X), since the attested spears might well be long enough for two-
handed use: Saruman used "pikemen" who could only have been recruited
from Dunlendings or half-Dunlendings. The option is allowed only once
horses become common amongst their enemies, and the deforestation of
pats of Eriador.
Skirmishers are both allowed, such troops usually being provided by
youths in historical peoples, and required, since it is hard to imagine an
army of people dwelling in difficult terrain not having at least some scouts
and the like, even if they are not directly attested. Ps (O) is an option,
since the Dunlendings that had captured Isengard used at least some
archers (UT, p372), but this was an atypical force, partly descended from
the Gondorian garrison which would have included many archers.
Boats are not directly mentioned, but it seems likely that they were used
given the several rivers in reach of these peoples' areas. I assume they
would be small canoes or coracles and the like.
Hillmen possessed horsemen (UT, p357; RotK, p179), which I grade as
LH rather than Cv partly because of the terrain they come from, which
would be ill-suited for more densely formed bodies of horse, but mostly
because the lack of armour attested to the Dunlendings. A few are allowed
to be Cv (O) because they might have captured armour. Horsemen would
be unlikely before the foundation of Pelargir in 2A2350 by the 'Faithful'
Numenoreans due to a lack of available mounts.
Woodsmen are not attested as having horsemen, but I have allowed them
the option to mount their generals, since some horses were owned (Hob,
p118), and they lived next to the Eotheod for a long time.
The Dunlendings that moved into Rhudaur became allied with Angmar
and took over the land (FotR, p269; RotK, p390) , the option for armour is
partly because the 'secret alliance' with Angmar may have meant that
Angmar helped them with equipment, but mostly because after
conquering Rhudaur, they would have had a much richer haul of booty
than would be acquired through mere raiding.
The option for Kn (F) covers Wulf's invasion of Rohan - as only his near
kin fled with him, only two generals elements may be so upgraded (RotK,
p430). After Wulf installed himself in Meduseld, his forces are covered by
the Rohan list. They were joined by Southroners (RotK, p430) that landed
at the mouth of the Isen, hence the Harad allies. As these came by boat,
they would not have the giant Mumakil with them.
Woodsmen near Mirkwood are allowed more archers than others, and in
greater concentration, because they routinely used bows of yew and are
described as 'well-armed' (Hob, p111). Their chiefs could be shape-
changers (Hob, p276). These are possibly best classified as a double-based
Kn (I) rather than an El given Beorn's effect on goblins mostly classified
as Ax (Hob, p271-2).

12. Northmen
Cold. Ag 1. Rv, H(G), Wd, O, V, RGo, Rd, BUA.
1 C-in-C - Irr Kn (F) @ 19
0-1 Sub-general - Irr Kn (F) @ 19
1-2 Ally-generals - Irr Kn (F) @ 14
12-30 Cavalry - Irr Kn (F) @ 9
0-12 Horse archers - Irr LH (F) @ 4
8-24 Spearmen - Irr Sp (I) @ 3
2-24 Foot archers - Irr Ps (O) @ 2 or Irr Bw (I) @ 3
0-8 Foot levies - Irr Hd (O) @ 1
0-6 Woodsmen - Irr Ax @ 3
0-12 Set-up wagon laager to defend camp - TF @ 1
Woodsmen allies - List: Dunlendings

This lists covers Rhovanion forces until Frumgar led the Eotheod north in
3A1977. Remnant peoples of Rhovanion of Northmen descent are then
covered by the Dale list, and the Eotheod by the Rohan list. A scarcity of
information about the Northerners means this list has mostly been
extrapolated from its successors, Dale and Rohan. Unless otherwise
specified, allied contingents drawn from this list need not contain
otherwise compulsory foot, and may contain horse archers.
DBA: 4 x 3Kn, 1 x 2LH or 3 Kn, 1 x 3Kn or 4Sp or 3Ax, 2 x 4Sp, 2 x
3Ax, 2 x 2Ps or 3Bw
HotT: 1 x Hero or 2 x Knights, 3 x Knights, 4 x Spears, 1 x Riders or
Shooters, 2 x Lurkers or 1 x Knights, 1 x Spears or 2 x Hordes
Enemies: Easterlings, Goblins, Dunlendings, Gondor, Northmen

Army List Notes: Northmen

I have rated the Northmen with Ag 1, since they seemed to have on one
hand not undertaken any expansionistic wars, but on the other hand to
have been invaded and conquered by the Wainriders; the scarcity of
information however rules out catagorically denying they ever led raids
outside there own lands, and theerfoe Ag 0 is denied them. I think it
extremely unlikely that hey NEVER mounted expeditions abroad, given
they lived in a land with no natural frontiers to either east or south.
Climate is rated as Cold since Aragorn states that even the regions around
the Anduin to the south of Lorien could expect snow over winter (TFotR,
p495).
They have no WW in their terrain list, since the Anduin was too small a
river to qualify: it was small enough for Orcs to shoot arrows across
around the Falls of Rauros, FotR, p502 - and the same falls would stop
invaders bringing ships).
I have disallowed H(S), since the only suitable candidates, wooded hills in
Mirkwood, more properly belong to the Woodsmen (Dnlendings) and dol
Guldur (Mordor) lists. Orchards and Vinyards are allowed since the area
later produced both wine (Hob, p171) and apples (Hob, p174). Although
the Northmen wre great horse herders, they were not nomads, having
wooden stables and houses, hence the BUA.
Ally-generals are compulsory, since the Northmen had no generally
recognised sole King, just contending princes (UT, p311; RotK, p426).
The bulk of the horsemen are graded Kn (F) by analogy with their
Rohirrim descendents, and also descriptions of their valour and prowess
when serving under Gondor (eg. UT, p311). A higher proportion of LH
(F) horse archers are allowed than to the Rohirrim, since Rhovanion was a
more open land than the Vale of Anduin, more suitable for such steppe
warriors, and that the Numenor must have recruited their auxiliary horse
archers (UT, p278) from someone in times before; the great invasions of
the Easterlings occurring long after the Numenor had fallen, the peoples
described as Easterners would not have been a ready source to them.
Footmen are compulsory, albeit in small numbers, in the main list, since
their homes were actually in the eaves of Mirkwood, mostly in the East
Bight that had been created by many years of tree-felling, (UT, p289), and
such terrain does not lend itself to entirely mounted armies at home.
Rohan was different in that the milder climate (horses had to be stabled in
winter in Rhovanion (UT, p290) on account of the cold) enabled a more
pastoral way of life to be maintained, which tend to dimish the neccessity
for infantry.
I have clasified foot as archers, following the examples of their
descendants in Dale and Rohan, and as Sp, again by analogy to Dale, and
because such troops historically tended to be used by Germanic-type horse
armies as the Gothic-named Northmen plainly are (UT, p311). given the
typical ineffectiveness of footmen fielded by such armies, levies classified
as Hd (O) are also allowed.
I have allowed some woodsmen in the main list, since the Northmen lived
right next-door to the Woodsmen of Mirkwood, these woodsmen can be
Woodsmen subject to the Northmen, or perhaps just Northmen
accustomed to fighting in the woods. Larger numbers must be controlled
by their own leaders as an allied contingent. Their use is again
speculative, but not unlikely given their proximity.
The use of a wagon-laager to defend the camp is likely, although not
mentioned.

13. Gondor
Warm. If before 3A1447: Ag 3, thereafter: Ag 1. WW, Rv, H(S), H(G), O,
V, E, RGo, Rd, BUA.
1 C-in-C - Reg Kn (O) @ 32
1-2 Sub-generals - Reg Kn (O) @ 32
5-12 Roquen - Reg Kn (O) @ 12
0-6 Other cavalry - Reg Cv (O) @ 8 or Irr Cv (O) @ 7
12-36 Guards and Men-at-arms - Reg Sp (O) @ 5
4-16 Archers - Reg Bw (O) @ 5
0-2 Light stone-throwers - Reg Art (I) @ 4
0-8 Hillmen, etc. - Irr Ax (O) @ 3
Only from 3A542 to 3A1149:
Eastern vassal allies - List: Easterlings
Only from 3A542 to 3A1977:
Any Upgrade Other cavalry as Rhovanions to Irr Kn (F) @ 9
Only from 3A913 to 3A2475:
0-4 Ships - Reg Gal (S) @ 4 or Irr Shp @ 4 (Bw, Sp)
0-2 Transports - Irr Shp (I) @ 2 (Kn, Cv)
Only from 3A1050 to 3A1149:
Haradrim vassal allies - List: Harad
Only from 3A1250 to 3A1447 and from 3A1851 to 3A1899:
Rhovanion allies - List: Northmen
Only in 3A1975:
Rivendell allies - List: Noldor
Lindon allies:
1* Cirdan ally-general - Reg Kn (F) @ 21 or Reg Sp (S) @ 17 or Reg
Bd (O) @ 17
0-4 Mounted Elves - up to 1/4 Reg Kn (F) @ 11, rest Reg LH (F) @ 4
2*-6 Other Elves - up to 1/2 Reg Ps (O) or Reg Bw (O) @ 5, rest Reg
Sp(O) @ 5 or Reg Bd (O) @ 7
2*-8 Arnorian Men - up to half Reg Bw (O) @ 5, rest Reg Sp (O) @
5
1*-2 Hobbit archers - Irr Ps (O) @ 2
Only after 3A2050:
All Downgrade archers to Irr Ps (O) @ 2 or Irr Bw (I) @ 3
0-6 Axemen - Irr Bd (O) @ 5
Only after 3A2509:
Rohirrim allies - List: Rohan
Only after 3A2901:
2-6 Rangers - 1/2 Spearmen as Reg Ax (S) @ 5, 1/2 supporting
Longbowmen as Reg Ps (O) @ 2
Only in 3A3019:
0-1 Downgrade C-in-C to Reg LH (S) @ 27
0-1 Upgrade general to Reg Kn (S) @ 35
0-8 Captured dromons - Reg Gal (S) @ 4 (Bd, Ax, Bw, Ps, Kn general
dismounted as Sp)
All/0 Downgrade all sub-generals to ally-generals @ 22 if Reg Kn
(O), @ 25 if Reg Kn (S)
Eagle Allies:
1* Eagle ally-general - Irr LH (S) @ 12
2*-6 Eagles - Irr LH (S) @ 7

The kingdom of Gondor was founded by exiles fleeing the wreck of

Numenor in the year 3320 of the second age. This list covers all
Gondorian armies in the third age, second age armies being covered by the
Numenorean list. Gondor reached the height of its power around the year
1000 of the third age, but this power was gradually reduced with the
reemergence of Sauron, first in Dol Guldur, and then finally in Mordor
itself. A dwindling population brought recruitment problems, and later
military efforts had to be supplemented by Rohirrim allies, settled in ex-
Gondorian territory for the purpose. The regular Knights (Roquen) were
fully armoured and thus are graded as (O) not (F). Kn (O) or (S) may
always dismount as Sp (S) if the general of their command does so.
Haradrim vassal allies cannot be used with any Rhovanions. Naval
elements may not be used with Rhovanion allies. If any captured dromons
are used, then they must make up an entirely water-born command. A LH
(S) C-in-C represents Gandalf the White. The option for a Kn (S) general
is to cover the likes of Aragorn and his Dunedain. The option to cost
generals as allies is to cover the effect of fighting against flying Nazgul.
This simulates the disruption caused by the ring-wraiths overhead. Such
Gordorian 'allies' need not command compulsory troop types. Minima
marked * apply only if any items so marked are used. If Eagle allies are
used, Rohan allies must also be used, and no naval elements may be used.
Only an Eagle ally-general may command eagles, and all eagles must be
in his command. He may not command any other troops. A Lindon ally
may only command Elves, Hobbits and Arnorian men, and must
command all those used. He may not command any other troops. After
3A2050 no more than 30 regular land elements may be used, including
allies.
DBA: 1 x 3Kn, 1 x 3Cv, 4 x 4Sp, 1 x 3/4Bw or 2Ps, 1 x 3Kn or 4Sp, 1 x
3Ax, 1 x 3/4Ax or 4Bd or 4Sp, 1 x 3/4Bw, 1 x 4Sp or 3/4Bw
HotT: 1 x Hero or 1 x Knights plus 1 x Riders, 4 x Spears, 1 Sneakers or 1
x Knights plus 1 x Shooters, 1 x Magician or 2 x Shooters, 1 x Hero or 2 x
Flyers or 2 x Spears
Enemies: Easterlings, Mordor, Haradrim, Dunlendings, Gondor,
Northmen, Angmar

Army List Notes: Gondor

This list covers the forces of Gondor after the death of Isildur. Prior to
this, Gondor's forces are covered by the Numenorean list.
Cimate is rated Warm, as the center of Gondor's power, whether Osgiliath
or Minas Anor/Tirith was sheltered from the north and west by the White
Mountains (Ered Nimrais), and Gondor had a much warmer climate than
Eriador, with snow only being found in the high mountains of Ered
Nimrais.
The WW is either the sea, or the Anduin river, which below the Falls of
Rauros was both wide and capable of being navigated by the greatest
ships.
Gondor expanded its borders aggressively during the first half of 3A,
hence the high Aggression rating, although it also was invaded from time
to time, notably by Easterlings, and so is rated 3 rather than 4. After the
Kin-strife civil war, Gondor was much more on the defensive, although
occasional invasions of enemy territory took place, so Aggression is rated
1.
Unlike in 2A, the forces of 3A Gondor made extensive use of mounted
troops (eg. RotK, p406). Most were professionals of Gondorian origin,
and are described as unifomed knights in full armour (RotK, p45, 189).
The best equipped had vambraces in addition to their full hauberks (RotK,
p142), hauberks that must have included armour for the limbs, since
Rohirrim are descibed in corselets (as opposed to full hauberks), even
when these are long (TT, p35, 139); as such Gondorian knights are
classified as Reg Kn (O). Chausses (mailed hose) might be unlikley since
it is said that only Dain's Dwarves knew hoe to make them (Hob, p261).
Knights would have worn heraldic devices (TT, p357). Generals seem to
have fought with the knights; even Faramir, captain of the Ithilien
company, fought mounted in open battle (RotK, p94, 108, 110).
Knights often fought on foot like their Numenorean forebears, and did so
as spearmen (RotK, p273).
Other cavalry, such as those few that were maintained in the cities that
may have been more lightly equipped (RotK, p21, 80), and/or, in the later
parts of the 3A, recruited from militiamen within Gondor (RotK, p182)
are classified as Cv (O). Foreigners could also serve; Northmen among
them (RotK, p400; UT, p311) are regraded as Kn (F) and served
prominently (RotK, p399). Such Northmen would first have become
available after Turambar's eastern conquests (RotK, p396), and were still
serving even after Rhovanion was conquered by the Easterlings (RotK,
p406). I assume the supply would have ceased after the founding of the
Eotheod. Larger contingents of Northmen are classified as allies (UT,
p290), since they could serve against Gondor as well as with her (RotK,
p398).
Most soldiers however served on foot. Various companies of Guards
existed (RotK, p41; UT, p292), as well as other men-at-arms on foot
(RotK, p45). The Guards of the Tower wore black surcoats bearing the
royal arms over their mail (RotK, p22, 91). The Guards and men-at-arms
are assumed to be spearmen as were their Numenorean predecessors.
Other foot-soldiers, as in Numenor, were archers. They are classified as
Reg Bw (O) like their Numenorean predecessors. Upgraing to Bw (S) is
not allowed, as Gondorian archers do not seem to have been the decisive
arm that Numenorean archers were.
Stone-throwers (RotK, p158) were outranged by those of Mordor (RotK,
p111) and are accordingly classified as Art (I).
Hillmen, descendents of the original inhabitants of Gondor (UT, p370)
can also include hunters, herders and the like (RotK, p45). Independent
hillmen, like the Dunlendings were nominally subjects of Gondor until
3A2050 (UT, p370) but did not fight for them (their refusal to serve being
the reason the Deadmen's existance - see below), and while the
Woodsman of the Vale of Anduin acknowledged the authority of Gondor
under Hyarmendacil (RotK, p387) that is as far as their authority ever
stretched - they are not recorded as ever having served Gondor as soldiers.
Easterling allies are allowed during the period from their conquest by
Turambar (RotK, p396) until Atanatar relaxed Gondor's power (RotK,
p398). Haradrim vassals are similarly allowed from their conquest in
3A1050 until Atanatar's reign.
Gondor maintained a considerable navy from the time of the first of the
'Ship-Kings'. Later however, Gondor had trouble raising even a small
flotilla (RotK, p413), and I assume that the navy ceased to exist in its
former strength after Osgiliath was finally taken.
The navy saw usage as far afield away as Arnor, where in 3A1975 Earnur
defeated the Witch-King of Angmar (RotK, p460), with assistance from
Elven-led forces from Rivendell (RotK, p407) and Lindon (RotK, p406).
The captured navy used by Aragorn at the Pelennor Fields did not include
the smaller vessels as these were left behind to arrive after the battle had
finished (RotK, p144ff)
In the later part of 3A, Gondor's population declined, and not only becasue
it's territories were shrunken (UT, p309-10). Its forces accordingly shrunk
(RotK, p189), and it had to rely on allies such as the Rohirrim for
protection. Accordingly, no more than 30 regular elements may be used
after the death of the last King Earnur. Its archer units had ceased to exist
(RotK, p114), though bowmen still were used, militia called up in times of
need (RotK, p45, 147).
Rohirrim are stil considered allies, despite being faithful, since they could
easily have refused to come - Theoden debated on the merits of the
Gondorian appeal, for instance, and the Rohirrim were definitely
foreigners as required by the ally-command section of the rules; they
certainly were never commanded by any general of Gondor, which would
be necessary for sub-general status.
Axemen, well-armed and therefore probably mail-clad like their lord, are
attested in the later part of 3A (RotK, p45) - although only 200 were
present at the battle of Pelennor Field, that was said to be only a tenth of
their number.
Rohirrim allies use first used in 3A2510 and several times after that. They
could be summoned at need by a chain of fire-beacons.
In 3A2901 Ithilien was mostly deserted (RotK, p463). A company of
soldiers from there, based at Henneth Annun, was seen as something of an
elite (RotK, p101) and specialised in ambushes, wearing greens and
browns. Some had spears, others had longbows (TT, p330), and are
accordingly graded as Ax with supporting Ps (O). The Ax are classified as
(S) on account both of their abilities, and because they wore gauntlets,
implying that other armour might also be worn (TT, p334).
Aragorn's Rangers, though armed with bow as well as spear (RotK, p51)
seemed to have used their spears as their primary weapon (RotK, p273),
and being but 30-strong only constitute a part of his element, and so
dismount as Sp, not Bw.
The Royal banner of Gondor was black, with a white tree in blossom
under seven stars (RotK, p409). Aragorn II as heir to both Arnor and
Gondor used Elendil's banner as had been used at the end of 2A: black,
with a white tree in blossom under seven stars with a silver and gold
crown above all (RotK, p145). The banner of the Stewards was plain
white (RotK, p403). The banner of Dol Amroth was blue with a silver
swan-prowed ship faring the sea (RotK, p279), and their lord also garried
gilded banners bearing the swan and ship emblems (RotK, p45). One
company is called the White company (RotK, p299), possibly the Rangers
of Ithilien, and this may be a reference to the colour of its banner.
You will note the Deadmen of Dunharrow are not included. This is
because they fought no field battles, which is what DBM is all about. If I
had to include them, I would probably classify them as Wb (F), since Exp
(O) are so useless at attacking naval elements, which is what the Deadmen
did. They would be (F) because they all moved quickly, overtaking
Aragorn's company, and as Wb since they were so devastating at their first
onset.

14. Arnor
Cold. Ag 0. All: Rv, H(S), H(G), Wd, E, RGo, Rd, BUA.
Arnor or Arthedain: WW, M. Rhudaur: H(S). Cardolan: O.
1 C-in-C - Reg Kn (O) @ 32 or Reg Sp (S) @ 27 or Reg Sp (O) @ 25
0-2 Sub-generals - as above
7-12 Roquen - Up to 1/2 Reg Kn (O) @ 12, rest Reg Sp (S) @ 7
0-6 Cavalry - Irr Cv (O) @ 7
10-30 Spearmen - Reg Sp (O) @ 5
4-16 Archers - Reg Bw (O) @ 5
0-12 Local levies and the like - Irr Ax (O) @ 3
Only Rhudaur from 3A861 to 3A1350:
1/2+ Downgrade each of Roquen and Spearmen as Hillmen to Irr Ax
(O) @ 3
1/2+ Replace Archers with Hillmen as Irr Ax (O) @ 3
Any Replace remaining Archers with Hillmen as Irr Ps (S) @ 3 or Irr Ps
(O) @ 2
Only Cardolan from 3A861 to 3A1409:
Arthedain allies - List: Arnor
Only Arthedain from 3A861 to 3A1409:
Cardolan allies - List: Arnor
Only Arthedain in 3A1409:
Rivendell allies - List: Noldor
Lindon allies:
1* Elven ally-general (Cirdan) - Reg Kn (F) @ 21 or Reg Sp (S) @ 17
or Reg Bd (O) @ 17
0-4 Mounted Elves - up to 1/4 Reg Kn (F) @ 11, rest Reg LH (F) @ 4
4*-12 Other Elves - up to 1/2 Reg Ps (O) @ 2 or Reg Bw (O) @ 5, rest
Reg Sp(O) @ 5 or Reg Bd (O) @ 7
Only Arthedain from 3A1601:
0-2 Hobbit archers - Irr Ps (O) @ 2
Like Gondor, the kingdom of Arnor was founded by exiles fleeing the
wreck of Numenor in the year 3320 of the second age. This list covers
Arnorian armies in the third age, the second age armies being covered by
the Numenorean list. Arnor fragmented in 3A861 into the kingdoms of
Arthedain, Cardolan and Rhudaur, which are also covered by this list.
Arthedain was destroyed by the Witch-king of Angmar in 3A1975.
Cardolan was fatally weakened in 3A1409 but was not finally finished off
until the plague of 3A1636. After 3A1350, Rhudaur was controlled by
Dunlending hillmen, and is then covered by the Dunlending list. Kn (O)
may always dismount as Sp (S) if the general of their command does so.
Minimums marked * apply only if any Rivendell or Lindon allies are
used. Cirdan may ony command Elves, and must command all non-
Rivendell Elves used. He may not command any other troops.
DBA: 1 x 3Kn, 1 x 3Cv, 4 x 4Sp, 1 x 3/4Bw or 2Ps, 1 x 3Kn or 4Sp, 1 x
3Ax, 1 x 3/4Ax or 4Bd or 4Sp, 1 x 3/4Bw, 1 x 4Sp or 3/4Bw
HotT: 1 x Hero or 1 x Knights + 1 x Shooters, 4 x Spears, 1 x Riders, 2 x
Shooters, 3 x Warband or 1 x Shooters + 2 x Spears
Enemies: Dunlendings, Angmar, Arnor

Army List Notes: Arnor

This list covers the forces of Arnor after the death of Isildur. Prior to this,
Arnor's forces are covered by the Numenorean list. It also covers Arnor's
successor states Arthedain, Cardolan and Rhudaur, although Rhudaur after
3A1350 is covered by the Dunlending list.
Cimate is rated Cold, since Arnor was situated at a very northerly latitude.
Aggression is rated as 0 as these states attacked no-one (except themselves
in the case of the successor states), but were attacked by Angmar.
The WW is either the sea, or in the case of Arnor, Nenuial (Lake
Evendim), on whose shores Annuminas its capital lay. The M represents
the marshes around Midgewater. Cardolan, being more southerly had a
somewhat milder climate, and is allowed O
Arnor seems to have made less use of mounted troops than Gondor.
Arvedui had a mounted guard (RotK, p391) and I have classified these as
Reg Kn (O) by analogy with the knights of Gondor. Any other cavalry (if
it indeed existed) would likely have been much less efficient, to judge
from the respect that Rhovanion horses were accorded (RotK, p406).
These are classified as Irr Cv (O) and may have been provided by
wealthier elements of the non-Dunedain portion of the population (UT,
p370). Less wealthier members might have provided footmen who are
classed as Irr Ax (O) like their Dunlending forebears.
Footmen, divided into spearmen and archers by analogy with their
Numenorean predecessors, would have been the most numerous part of
the army. Archers were seemingly less numerous than spearmen to judge
from the composition of Isildur's company at his death (UT, p273, 283).
After 3A861, Arnor was split between the sons of Earendur (RotK, p389).
Their kingdoms subsequently often quarrelled, and Arthedain and
Cardolan sometimes allied against Rhudaur (RotK, p390). Rhudaur had
the least number of Dunedain, (RotK, p390) and so must replace many of
their trained troops with local Hillmen. Eventually Rhudaur fell
completely under the influence of the Dunlendings, after which time it is
covered by the Dunlending list.
Arthedain was aided in 3A1409 by the Elves of Lindon and Rivendell
(RotK, p390) against Angmar, and later they had the assistance af a few
Hobbit archers (RotK, p393).
It is likely that the banner of Arnor was black, as was Gondor's, with
seven stars, as Elendil's banner had these features, plus a tree that signified
Gondor, and a crown that signified the unified realm of Arnor and Gondor
(RotK, p145). The Star of the North, as a jewelry piece, seems to have
been an emblem of Arnor (RotK, p162), so suggesting stars for Arnor: 7
stars for the seven stones (TT, p253).

15. Angmar
Cold. Ag 3. H(S), H(G), RGo, Wd, Rd, BUA.
1 C-in-C - Reg Kn (S) @ 35
1-2 Mannish sub-generals - Irr Cv (O) @ 17
0-1 Orc sub-general - Irr Ax (S) @ 14 or Irr Ax (O) @ 13
6-20 Trolls and Ettens - half Irr Bd (S) @ 7, half supporting Irr Bd
(O) @ 4 on double-base elements
0-12 Wolfriders - Irr LH (O) @ 5
6-18 Riderless wolves - Irr LH (I) @ 3
24-60 Orcs - up to 1/3 as Irr Bw (I) @ 3, up to 1/3 as Irr Ps (O) @ 2,
rest as Irr Ax (I) @ 2
0-24 Upgrade Ax (I) to Great Orcs - Ax (O) @ 3
0-1 Upgrade Geat Orcs as sub-general's guards - Irr Ax (S) @ 4
0-6 Upgrade Irr Bw (I) with mail and spear to Irr Bw (O) @ 4
0-1/2 Downgrade Orcs to Irr Hd (O) @ 1
2-8 Dunlending horsemen - upto 1/2 Irr Cv (O) @ 7, rest Irr LH (O) @ 5
20-40 Men - up to 1/2 as Irr Sp (I) @ 3, rest Irr Ax (O) @ 3
0-1/2 Upgrade Men Irr Ax (O) to Irr Ax (S) @ 4 or Irr Bd (O) @ 5
Only from 3A1350 to 3A1975:
Rhudaur Dunlending allies - List: Dunlendings

This list covers the forces of Angmar - the realm founded by the Witch-
king with the aim of overthrowing the Dunedain of the north, until their
destruction at the battle of Fornost in 3A1975. Ettens are two-headed
trolls. Trolls should be depicted one or two to a double-element base. The
Bd (O) on their bases represents their large size and toughness rather than
genuine supporting troops, and should accordingly not be represented by
figures. Orc Ps (O) may support Orc Ax. Wolfriders may dismount to
defend fortifications or within 300p of enemy fortifications or war-wagons
as Ax (I); or to enter rough or difficult going as Wb (F) (but on LH sized
bases), in which case they are accompanied by and fight alongside their
mounts, which therefore do not get left behind as separate elements, but
are part of the dismounted element, and can accordingly be remounted.
When riderless wolves are in difficult going they are reclassified as Ax (I)
except that they are impetuous. They cannot otherwise 'dismount'. A Kn
(S) general may not be used to command an Angmar allied contingent
supplied to another army, but the contingent may include wolfriders.
DBA: 1 x 3Cv or 3Ax or 3Kn, 1 x 2Bd, 2 x 2Lh, 3 x 3Ax, 1 x 2Ps, 1 x
4Bd or 4 Sp, 1 x 2Lh or 3Cv, 1 x 3Ax or 4Sp, 1 x 3Ax or 3Bw or 2Ps
HotT: 1 x Magician or 1 x Hero or 1 x Riders + 1 x Beasts, 1 x Beasts, 2 x
Riders, 1 x Behemoth, 1 x Blades or 1 x Spears, 1 x Warband, 1 x
Warband or 2 x Hordes, 4 x Hordes
Enemies: Noldor, Gondor, Arnor

Army List Notes: Angmar

Angmar, the realm of the Witch-King (the chief of the Nazgul, or Ring-
Wraiths) in the far north, was established around 3A1275 with the express
purpose of destroying the remaining Dunedain of Arnor (RotK, p390).
Rhudaur, the ex-Dunedain state that fell under the influence of Angmar
(FotR, p269) is covered by the Dunlending list.
Climate is of course rated Cold, and indeed, the Witch-King was said to
have the power to influence the the cold of winter itself (RotK, p392).
Aggression is arted as 3, since Angmar continually attcked the realms of
Arthedain and Cardolan; it is not rated 4, since it was itself once attacked
(and destroyed) - by the armada of Gondor in 3A1975 (RotK, p406).
Centered as it was astride the Misty Mountains (RotK, p389), H(S) are
compulsory. The climate would have been too cold for many sorts of
vegetation, and hence only Wd - likely fir trees, and RGo (stunted scrub)
are allowed, plus BUA: the men of the realm lived in Carn Dum (FotR,
p196).
The C-in-C is the Witch-King himself, riding his black horse (RotK,
p407). Since the many men of his realm are always mentioned before the
Orcs (RotK, p389, 407), and evil powers tended to trust men more than
orcs (TT, p205; RotK, p197), I assume that sub-generals would be mostly,
if not exclusively men.
Not only men and Orcs formed the armies of Angmar, but other 'fell-
creatures' (RotK, p389). Among these would have been Trolls and
Wolves. Trolls were very abundant in the lands to the north of Rivendell
nigh on Angmar (FotR, p257, 271). Some (Ettens, whenec Ettenmoor),
had two heads (Hob, p43). Trolls were incredibly tough (FotR, p428) and
are rated as a Bd (S); the Bd (O) supports double-based with them mean
that they will not be overrun by Kn, while at the same time enabling their
bases to be bigger, so that their figures can be more easily accomodated.
The more evil of the giants and ogres might possibly substitute for trolls
(Hob, p63, 82).
Wolves were also common in the north (Hob, p101). See the Goblin army
list notes for notes on wolves ridden and unridden.
Like men, orcs provided a major component of the forces of Angmar
(RotK, p389, 407). See the Goblin army list notes for notes on Orcs and
their classifications.
Angmar's men are likely to have been mostly of Dunlending origin (RotK,
p517). Some possibly could have been Woodsmen, or some such if from
the eastern-side of the Misty Mountains - Woodsmen are covered by
essentially the same army list, and so the same gradings will apply (Hob,
p117). See the Dunlendings army list notes for the graing of these men. A
greater proportion of armoured men are allowed on the assumption that
Angmar would have been better provided with facilities for armour
production (peopled as it was by goblins as well as men), and additionally,
spearmen may be regraded as Sp (I), and axemen as Bd (O) on the
assumption that the influence of Rhudaur may have led to some men
fighting in closer formations.
Rhudaur fought alongside Angband at the battle where Argeleb was killed
(RotK, p390) hence the provision for Rhudaur allies.

16. Rohan
Before 3A2511: Cold. Ag 1. Rv, H(S), H (G), Wd, RGo, Rd, BUA.
After 3A2510: Cold. Ag 2. Rv, H(S), Wd, RGo, Rd, BUA.
1 C-in-C - Irr Kn (F) @ 19
1-2 Sub-generals - as above
1-6 Household Knights - Irr Kn (F) @ 9
15-39 Riders - Irr Kn (F) @ 9
1-6 Horse archers - Irr LH (F) @ 4
0*-8 Foot archers - Irr Ps (O) @ 2 or Irr Bw (I) @ 3
0*-4 Poor foot levies - Irr Hd (O) @ 1
4*-12 Other foot - Irr Bd (I) @ 4 or Irr Sp (I) @ 3
0-12 Earth forts - TF @ 2
Only if before 3A2511:
0-12 Woodsmen - Irr Ax (O) @ 3
Only in 3A2758 to 3A2759:
0-12** Dunlending warriors - Irr Ax (O) @ 3
All** Replace Household knights with Dunlending horsemen - Irr LH
(O) @ 5
1/2+** Replace Riders with Dunlending hillmen - Irr Ax (O) @ 3
1/2+** Replace Horse archers with Dunlending horsemen - Irr LH (O)
@5
Any** Replace Foot Archers with Dunlendings - Irr Ps (S) @ 3
All** Replace Other foot with Dunlendings - Irr Ax (O) @ 3
Only in 3A2759:
Gondorian allies - List: Gondor
Only if after 3A2885:
All/0 Upgrade generals to Reg Kn (F) @ 31 and Household Knights
to Reg Kn (F) @ 11
Only in 3A3019:
Ent Allies:
1*** Ent ally-general - Irr El (O) @ 21
4***-10 Ents and Huorns - Irr El (O) @ 16

This lists starts after Frumgar led the Eotheod into the north in 3A1977. In
3A2510 at the invitation of Gondor they removed south to settle the plains
of Calenardhon, afterwards called Rohan. Cavalry were mostly armed
with lance, mail and shield, and are described charging in a wedge
formation; however, a few were horse archers lightly-equipped with spare
mounts. Earthen forts were manned at the Fords of Isen against Saruman,
and defended by dismounted cavalry, and the Rohirrim fought on foot in
the later part of the battle of the Pelennor Fields. Thus mounted troops
may always dismount if the general of their command does so; Generals
and Household Kn as Sp (S), other Kn (F) as Sp (O), LH (F) as Bw (I).
Mimima marked * apply only if any troops marked * or *** are used, and
may not be used in Rohan allied contingents to other armies. Minima
marked ** apply only if any options marked ** are used, and may not be
used with Gordor allies, nor in allied contingents supplied to other armies.
Minima marked *** only apply if any Ents or Huorns are used. They can
only be commanded by an Ent ally-general who must command no other
troops. Ents are intelligent walking trees, Huorns their less sentient
followers.
DBA: 1 x 2LH, 2 x 4Bd or 4 Sp or 3Kn/4Sp, 1 x 2Ps or 3Kn/4Sp, 8 x
3Kn/4Sp
HotT: 1 x Hero, 1 x Riders, 2 x Behemoths or 4 x Knights, 3 x Knights, 2
x Spear or Knights
Enemies: Khazad, Easterlings, Goblins, Dunlendings, Orthanc

Army List Notes: Rohan

After the Northmen of Rhovanion were conquered and scattered, a portion
under one Frumgar removed to the upper reaches of the Anduin river, and
became known as the Eotheod (RotK, p460). After they removed
southwards, they became known as the Rohirrim (the Gondorian
equivalent of Eotheod, or 'horse-men') and their land Rohan after them.
Aggression is rated as 1 in the earlier period, since they were reported to
be untroubled by war (UT, p298). I do not rate them as 0, since they
expanded until the land could no longer support them (UT, p303; RotK,
p426). In the later period, they are rated aggression 2 since while they
suffered incursions by the Dunlendings (RotK, p433), Easterlings (RotK,
p432) and Saruman's forces from Orthanc (RotK, p436), they also
aggresively into Dunland (RotK, p433; p434).
Climate is rated Cold in the earliy period, in the far-north. I used to rate
Rohan as Warm, but have since changed it to Cold, since it could suffer
periods of snow-covered ground, even if most didn't last as long as the 5
month stretch of The Long Winter (RotK, p430).
No WW is allowed, since the Anduin below the Falls of Rauros lay
outside the borders of Rohan; above the Falls it is rated as a Rv. As both
Rohan and the Vale of Anduin were bordered by mountains, H(S) is
allowed; H(G) are denied in Rohan, as the land was almost totally flat
outside the mountains, while a Vale by definition must have some smooth
slopes so H(G) is allowed in the earlier period. Wd represent Mirkwood
and its outlying reaches in the earlier period, and forests such as Halifirien
Wood in Rohan.
Most Riders are classified as Kn. The are described as 'knights' (RotK,
p133), used long spears as lances (RotK, p135), and charged ferociously,
sometimes in wedge formations, but could not cope with elephants (RotK,
p143). Most are graded as Irr, since their service was limited to a term
(UT, p315) at a time, and they could only be assembled in time by a levy
(eg. UT, p298). They are graded as (F), because they had light helms (TT,
p34), not full-enclosed ones, and even guards are described as wearing
mail shirts or corselets (albeit ones hanging to the knee), rather than full
hauberks (TT, p35; p139) like Gondorian knights. Shields were round,
with bosses (TT, p156), and had painted designs (TT, p35).
The King's knights were, at least in later years, permanently enlisted (UT,
p315). The ability to keep a guard (RotK, p76) permanently under arms
would have been doubtful before increasing prosperity due to long-term
close contact with Gondor (RotK, p434), and hence this option is only
allowed after King Folcwine is said to have reorganised the army (UT,
p315). Marshalls also had their own household knights (TT, p42), limited
to a single 'eored' or company of about 120 men (UT, p315), so only their
own element may be regular. The King's knights used green shields (TT,
p139) - these may have also borne a white horse, as this was the emblem
of the house of Eorl (TT, p156)
A few Riders were horse archers. Eorl had 'some hundreds' compared to
7000 fully armed men (UT, p298, 307); Theoden had many 'hundreds' of
lightly-burdened men with spare mounts compared to 5500 full armed
men (RotK, p86); Theodred had one company of horse archers compared
to eleven of normal Riders (UT, p356). Because they are lightly-equipped,
and used spare mounts, they are graded as LH (F). The is no suggestion
that they carried lances in addition to their bows (so rating a classification
as LH (S) or Cv (S) even), on the contrary, being described as both
'lightly-burdened' and not included in those that are 'fully-armed' would
seem to ensure that they did not.
Foot archers were used in defensive operations, and so are not allowed to
serve abroad in allied contingents, they were few (TT, p168; UT, p362).
Other foot in times of crisis were assembled from all the males in the area
(UT, p360; TT, p166) and are graded accordingly.
Earth-forts are attested defending the approaches to the ford over the Isen
(UT, p361).
Woodsmen are allowed prior to the great migration to Rohan since they
shared the upper vales of Anduin with the Eotheod (RotK, p426).
Dunlending options in 3A2758 to 3A2759 cover the usurption of Wulf
(his initial invasion is covered by the Dunlending list) after he had
installed himself as King (RotK, p430-431). With Gondorian aid, the
usurpers were finally driven out in 3A2759 (RotK, p411).
Ents assisted in the fighting against Saruman in the War of the Ring, and
are thus included as a possible allied contingent, however Gandalf is not
included, as he did not actually direct any fighting (so cannot count as a
general), and in any case, his actions were all concerned with the seige of
Helm's Deep, and DBM doesn't covers seiges.
Although Druedain attacked remnants of Sarumans forces after the Battles
of the Fords of Isen (UT, p387),they did so independently of the Rohirrim
and so are not included here.
Theoden's shield was golden (RotK, p133); his banner displayed the
running white horse of the horse of Eorl (RotK, p144). Eomer's helmet
bore a white horsehair crest (TT, p35; RotK, p139). Elfhelm's standard
was white (UT, p368).

17. Dale
Cold. Ag 1. WW, Rv, H(S), H(G), O, V, E, RGo, M, Rd, BUA.
1 C-in-C - Irr Sp (I) @ 13 or Irr Bw (O) @ 14
0-1 Sub-general - Irr Sp (I) @ 13 or Irr Bw (O) @ 14
0-2 Ally-generals - Irr Sp (I) @ 8 or Irr Bw (O) @ 9 or Irr Ax (O) @ 8
24-60 Townsmen, Dalesmen and Woodsmen - up to 1/3 Irr Ax (O) @
3, up to 1/3 Irr Bd (I) @ 4, rest Irr Sp (I) @ 3
24-60 Archers - Irr Bw (O) @ 4 or Irr Bw (I) @ 3
8-25 Skirmishers - Irr Ps (S) @ 3
0-4 Upgrade Skirmishers to scouts on horses as Irr LH (O) @ 5 or Irr LH
(F) @ 4
Only before 3A2000:
0-3 Mount generals as Irr Kn (F) @ 19 if C-in-C, @ 14 if ally-general
0-8 Upgrade all Bd to Irr Kn (F) @ 9
Only after 3A1999:
Any Upgrade C-in-C to Irr Bw (S) @ 15
0-8 Boats - Irr Bts (O) @ 2 (Sp, Bw)
Dwarven allies - List: Khazad
Mirkwood allies - List: Sindar
Only from 3A2000 to 3A2770:
0-8 Upgrade Irr Sp (I) to Irr Sp (O) @ 14 if C-in-C or sub-general, @ 9 if
an ally-general, @ 4 otherwise
0-9
This list covers the forces from the towns to the east of Mirkwood in the
Thrd Age such as Dale and Lake-Town. Boats were employed both on
Esgaroth, the Long Lake (represented by the WW), and its various rivers.
Allied contingents drawn from this list may contain boats.
DBA: 4 x 4Sp, 2 x 2Ps, 4 x 3Bw, 1 x 2Ps or 2LH, 1 x 4Sp or 3Bw or 3Ax
HotT: 1 x Hero or 2 x Spears, 2 x Lurkers, 1 x Riders or 1 x Shooters, 4 x
Spears, 4 x Shooters
Enemies: Easterlings, Goblins, Mordor, Dale

Army List Notes: Dale

After the Wainriders invaded Rhovanion, the horse-breeding Northmen
were dispersed. Some moved north into the area east of the northern half
of Mirkwood, and established (or were absorbed into) towns in that area,
such as those along Esgaroth, the Long Lake; some amalgamated (probaly
with local peoples) into the Kingdom of Dale, from whence this list takes
its name. This list also covers the peoples of Dorwinion (about whom
virtually nothing is known), which I assume to be the lands around the
Celduin, the River Running, and the Carnen, the Redwater, to the east -
these peoples were well-supplied with Dwarven arms (RotK, p439).
Climate is naturally rated as Cold, given the northern latitudes these
people lived in. Agression is rated as 1, since Dale was attacked by
Mordor in the War of the Ring, rather than attacking; the trading towns in
any case are unlikely to have been greatly interested in expansive foreign
policies. However, Ag 0 is not warrented, to judge from King Bladorthin's
order of a stock of finely crafted spears (Hob, p219; the name Bladorthin
does not sound right for a King of the Eorlings, so is presumably a King
of Dale or Dorwinion), which would unlikley be ordered by a King
withoiut some military asperations. Since they were never paid for, he
cannot have had too much success in enlarging his realm! The (North)men
of the area are mentioned as having driven back the Easterlings from the
lands between the Celduin and the Carnen by becoming strong due to
dwarven help (RotK, p439).
The WW represents Esgaroth, the Long Lake, large enough that its far
shores could only barely be discerned (Hob, p185) if at all. Several rivers
flowed into it, and the Celduin flowed out of it over some falls, thus the
allowed Rv in the terrain selection. Dale itself was built by a river, in a
valley (hence its name), green with wooded slopes (Hob, p196), hence
H(S) and Wd; H (G) is also an option, since to the east, the land was more
flat (Hob, p183).
The land of Dorwinion was famous for its wines and gardens (Hob, p172),
and apples were grown for export around Esgaroth (Hob, p171, 187),
hence the allowed O, V and E options. Roads (Rd) led east and west (Hob,
p183) from Lake-Town (BUA), while marshes (M) and peat-bogs (RGo)
were expanding at the end 3A (Hob, p184).
Generals may be classified either as Sp (Hob p245), or as archers (Hob,
p237); an archer C-in-C is assumed to be somewhat heroic, like Bard,
enough to inspire his men to similar deeds (Hob, p235), and is accordingly
rated as Bw (S). Internal allied contingents are allowed to represent
separate towns cooperating together - even the Kingdom of Dale for
instance never had jurisdiction over nearby Lake-Town (Hob, p238); and
indeed only one sub-general is allowed, since a large army would have
draw upon other towns for support.
Townsmen are called spearmen (Hob, p262) and archers (Hob, p234).
Some could be armoured (Hob, p185). Archers are Bw, rather than Ps, as
they clearly were numerous, sending up an 'arrow-storm' (Hob 235).
Spearmen are classified as Sp, since they followed up the enemy despite
their commander's wishes (Hob, p267), the best being allowed the option
of being (O) if armoured with Dwarven mail. However, since not all men
were towns dwellers, but some could be from the surrounding dales or
forests, and as some are described as being deployed in rocky ground (an
unlikely place for Sp) some spearmen are instead allowed to be regraded
as Ax (O). I assume such less-cohesivley formed spearmen would not
include any armoured men, who clearly would come from the richest and
more urbanised section of society. The option for Bd (I) represents those
armed with long swords (Hob, p266) which would be an unlikely
armament for Ax or Sp.
At the battle of the Five Armies, some of the braver men were strung out
before the enemy as a forlorn hope before fleeing, and these skirmishers
are classified as Ps (S). The option to mount some at even this later date is
because it is likely that the horse-riding skills of the Northmen-descended
portion of the populace (UT, p289) had been entirely abandoned; but only
a few are allowed, as they are nowhere directly attested.
Boats were numerous, large, although to judge from their not carrying
ponies, not large enough to warrant (S) status (Hob, p193), and were used
in war as armoured warriors are mentioned being carried in them (Hob,
p185).
Dwarven allies (RotK, p464, 471) represent either those of Erebor or the
Iron Hills (or even both together in the one contingent); Sindar allies are
those from Mirkwood, which the Lake-men were on friendly terms with.
(The Battle of the Five Armies is best represented by a Sindar army with
Dale and Khazad allies).
The option to have Kn (F) in the early period before the Dwarves moved
to Erebor represents remnant Northmen nobles and mounted retainers that
escaped the ravaging of Rhovanion (UT, p296) - they are assumed to have
assimilated into the infantry as Dwarven influence extended out from
Dale.
The banner of Lake-Town was blue (Hob, p248).

18. Orthanc
Cold. Ag 3. Rv, H(S), H(G), E, RGo, Rd, BUA.
1 C-in-C - if a man or half-orc on foot as Reg Bd (O) @ 25, if an Uruk
on foot as Reg Bd (F) @ 27, if a man on horse as Reg Cv (O) @ 28
1-2 Sub-generals - if a man or half-orc on foot as Reg Bd (O) @ 27, if an
Uruk on foot as Reg Bd (F) @ 27, if a Dunlending on horse as Irr Cv (O)
@ 17
4-8 Men and half-orc axemen - Reg Bd (O) @ 7
4-16 Uruks of the White Hand - Reg Bd (F) @ 7
2-5 Dunlending horsemen - Irr Cv (O) @ 7 or Irr LH (O) @ 5
6-25 Dunlending hillmen - Irr Ax (O) @ 3
6*-12 Pikemen - all Irr Ax (X) @ 3
12-16 Orc wolf-riders - Irr LH (O) @ 5
16-64 Orcs - up to 1/3 as Irr Bw (I) @ 3, up to 1/3 as Irr Ps (O) @ 2,
rest as Irr Ax (I) @ 2
0-20 Upgrade Orc Ax (I) to Great Orcs - Ax (O) @ 3
0-6 Upgrade Irr Bw (I) with mail and spear to Irr Bw (O) @ 4
0-1/2 Downgrade Orcs to Irr Hd (O) @ 1
4*-12 Trenches to obstruct enemy cavalry - TF @ 2

This lists covers the wizard Saruman the White's forces in the years 3018
and 3019 of the third age. Saruman did not take the field in person,
delegating his authority to subordinates. The Dunlendings lived in the
foothills of the Hithaeglir, or Misty Mountains, and readily served
Saruman due to their long emnity with the Rohirrim. While fierce, they
were however not as well equipped as their enemies. Dunlending Cv (O)
may always dismount as Ax (S). Wolves were particularly useful against
the Rohirrim cavalry, the wolves attacking the bellies of the knights'
horses, while at the same time being very swift and skilled at avoiding the
enemy, but closing in to destroy isolated groups. Wolfriders may
dismount to defend fortifications or within 300p of enemy fortifications or
war-wagons as Ax (I); or to enter rough or difficult going as Wb (F) (but
on LH sized bases), in which case they are accompanied by and fight
alongside their mounts, which therefore do not get left behind as separate
elements, but are part of the dismounted element, and can accordingly be
remounted. Uruks were huge orcs, strong, fierce, heavily armed and
trained to move very quickly. Archers were posted behind other troops to
fire overhead. Therefore Orc Ps (O) may support Bd (F), Bd(O), and Orc
Ax (I) and (O). Pikemen were used to defend a trenchline at the Fords of
Isen. Minima marked * apply only if any items so marked are used. If a
BUA is used, it must be enclosed by PF with only one gate, and touch the
defender's base-edge. This represents Isengard.
DBA: 1 x 3Cv or 3/4Bd, 2 x 2LH, 2 x 3/4Bd, 2 x 4Pk or 3Ax, 2 x 2Ps or
3Bw, 3 x 3Ax
HotT: 1 x Riders, 2 x Beasts, 2 x Warband, 2 x Blades, 2 x Pikes or
Blades, 2 x Hordes, 4 x Hordes or 1 x Magician
Enemies: Rohan, Mordor

Army List Notes: Orthanc

Climate is rated Cold, since Rohan and Dunland could suffer periods of
snow-covered ground, even if most didn't last as long as the 5 month
stretch of The Long Winter (RotK, p430).
Aggression is rated 3 rather than 4, since while Saruman initiated the
offensive against Rohan, he was attacked unprepared by the Ents.
The terrain list is based upon Nan Curunir, the Wizard's Vale, in which
Isengard (Orthanc) lay (TT, p196). A river is compulsory: the Isen, or its
many small tributaries (UT, p356); as are RGo (felled woods, weeds and
thorns) and a road (UT, p358). No Wd is allowed, since all the trees had
been felled (TT, p196) forcing Saruman to look further afield for lumber
(TT, p91). An option for E is allowed, since there were 'acres tilled by the
slaves of Saruman' in the valley (TT, p196). The Vale itself was
surrounded by peaks, hence the allowed H(S) and H(G) - these are not
compulsory, since the vale was wide enough to support a great population.
The BUA represents the a portion of the Ring of Isengard itself, and
therefore it must be enclosed by PF. The Ring was a mile in
circumference, and therefore too large to be entirely represented on the
battlefield (TT, p197).
Saruman did not direct his forces himself, letting subordinates take
command (UT, p355). The commander of his forces is not identified, but
seems to have conducted a quite skillful battle at the Fords of Isen, and is
therefore rated as Regular (UT, p361).
Saruman's 'finest warriors' (UT, p355) were Men or orc-men, mail-clad
and armed with axes and are therefore classified as Bd (O). I used to rate
them irreglar becasue of their ferocity (UT, p355), but regular seems
better, given their elite nature, and their permanent embodyment and
garrison duties, etc (TT, p205). It is propably these men who are the ones
described as carrying 'great shields' (TT, p169).
Another elite were Saruman's Uruks of the White Hand (TT, p55). They
used broad-bladed swords (TT, p56), are described as 'heavily armed' and
fought in massed formations, and so are classed as Bd (UT, p357);
although they were armed with longbows (TT, p61), these were a
secondary weapon, as they emphasized close combat, fighting in wedge
(TT, p73). As they were trained (UT, p357), and kept in good order even
after being tired by battle (UT, p358), they are classified as regular, and as
(F) since they moved at great speed for long periods (UT, p357; TT, p63).
Many other men served Saruman, mostly Dunlendings (TT, p162), but
some were notionally from Rohan, being of half-Dunlending blood (UT,
p364-5). They were generally unarmoured for the Orcs in Orthanc made
armour only for their own use (UT, p366). Most were foot (TT, p212), but
a few were horsemen (UT, p357). See the Dunlendings army list notes for
more details on Dunlendings. Some men appear to have been pikemen
(UT, p357). Since these were deployed purely for defensive purposes, I
have classified these as (I), and as irregular since Saruman did not have
the time to train men long enough in the usage of a weapon that is
nowhere else mentioned in Middle-earth. I used to grade these as Pk (I).
When DBM version 3 came out, I allowed the option of these men being
deployed as Ax (X), and now make this madatory, as such pikemen are
likely to have been recruited from Dunlendings, whofought in a more
open style than their Rohan opponents who could form shieldwalls; this
fits historical hillmen with "pikes", like Picts/Scots, Welsh or Hittites, and
also because Ax (X) are not as good against Kn (F) in the open as Pk (I)
are - and so might need the help of trenches - whereas Pk (I) have nothing
to fear from horse, trenches or not.
The majority of Saruman's forces were Orcs however (UT, p261; TT,
p212). Many rode wolves (UT, p357), indeed riderless wolves seem not
have been used - the only occasion the wolves are mentioned without
riders is in a context that need not exclude riders (UT, p359). See the
Goblin army list notes for more details on ridden wolves.
Orcs (for which see the Goblin army list notes) are described as
supporting other Orcish )or man-orchish) troops with arrows from behind
(TT, p169), and can accordingly support such Isengard troops, but not
Dunlendings. [Although the defenders of Helm's Deep were occupying PF
(which would normally allow overhead shooting), they were also being
attacked frontally, which disallows it, hence the archery there would have
to be represented by Ps (O) support].
Trenches were used at the Fords to obstruct enemy cavalry and were
manned by pikemen (UT, p357) and they therefore must be used together.
Uruks are described as 'black' (UT, p358; TT, p73). They bore black
shields with a white hand in the centre (TT, p15), and bore a white S-rune
on their helmets (TT, p15, 55).