Sanskrit by Cassette Lesson 6 Pronouns * Note: Considerable additions have been made in the text of this lesson, which ‘are not included on the audio cassette, They are kept distinct from the audio by page numberings such as 3b, 3c ete, If this additional material appears difficult at first, you can go on and cover first the simpler material designated by the page numbers indicated fon the cassette, and then come back to it later.Pronouns A pronoun is any word used as a substitute for a nown. For example, in the sentence: “Boys study Sanskrit.” Boys could be replaced by the pronouns: they; those; these; the others; all etc. "They study Sanskrit.” etc. In Sanskrit, pronouns like nouns, require case endings, ‘These, with only a few exceptions, are identical to: Masculine and Neuter nouns in 3 (lesson 4), and Feminine in 3 (lesson 5) Various pronouns like nouns share the same case endings. For example: Ist case plural masc, = Te they = 7 te / the others = HH anye / all = 4H sarve. Endings which are unique to pronouns, and are different from masc. and neuter ‘nouns in are indicated below by below by the screened boxes Masculine Pronouns Endings Singular Duat Plural 1) Subject 2) Direct Object Tv | ar a aren |e 4107 for ndvet 08) [amar [re 6) of f's/s' | _ et: _ TT 1) Subject mm | anf 2) Direct Object ay anf 3-7) Same as masculine Compare the endings of masculine nouns in 3, with those unique to pronouns, 4 sing | TD || Ry vp. [ar lla | 5) sing | ST || Op, | ATR wr vom | Ssam, 3rd Person Pronoun (4@) ‘The most commonly used pronouns are the personal pronouns [- Ist person, you - 2nd, and he, she, it - 3rd. This lesson will focus on the third person pronouns. If the letter 7 (Hin the Ist case sing.) is placed before the general pronoun endings given on the Previous page, we get the forms of the 3rd Person Personal Pronouns. Masculine (he) 1) Subject 2) Direct Object 3) by / with 4) to for (Indirect Obj.) 5) from 6) of/'s Is 7) in Fon / at 1) Subject 2) Direct Object, Neuter (it, thi a ae vat) [| 4 a *Note: The regular neuter pronoun 1,2) sing. ending AA is replaced by APL here Masculine ae area 2 amarante done 2» Fam show 4) mea gee feria cone Ss) FRE arrest | 6) AeT TR wafer) 7) afer et orenf 1 Neuter 1 a wet wats 2 Aa aearfin He knows. spt Sunt aay know him. Tt was done by him. [oe T show the book £0 him 1t comes from him Ws the house of him (his I see God in him, That (it) is the truth I see that (it)Placed before any noun of the same gender (here masc.), number (here singular) and case, the personal pronoun -'he" becomes the demonstrative (it demonstrates - points to) pronoun ~ "that » 2 3 5) ® Dn wae: stata | aa arent | aA A ARI are rare eae ferarft | FRR AT BTTeFA er are TE waa after at aa cafe That man knows, [know thar man. It was done by shat man I show the book to that man. 1 comes from that man. I's the house of that man, I see God in thar man. If the letter T is placed before the personal pronoun, the meaning changes (0 “this 2 3) 4 6) ? wa aa: Fete | we at eat Tar Re Tre rata TTA: | Tae 2a aha | Trey ror afar aterte | veifiar ang, dam ceeft | - hecomes ater a This tee grows. 1 see this creation, It was done by this hand, "ios 9 Hl psn We meditate for this purpose. 1 comes from this country I know the power of this energy I see God in this ocean. Te If the letter 7 is placed before the general pronoun endings, the interrogative pronoun derived, 7m the 6) ae: areata | am state | at A ae ay ferata | BRET a: HTTESER | ea TER aa wala | ear car Feat | Who knows? Whom do you know? 1k was done by whom ? To whom do you show the truth? Creation comes from whom ? Whose house (of whom) is there? In whom do you see God? The interrogative pronoun can be used with a nown in the same way as the demonstrative Placed before a noun of the same gender, number and case, it takes on the meaning “whiclt » oe a: pata | a eater | Which person knows? Which god do you see?(Next 4 pages not on cassette) Neuter Interrogative 1) Subject 2) Direct Object Uses of FA, 1 Istcase) fe att: wafer What is yora? 2nd casey — fae area | What do you know? IL Placed before a neuter noun of the same number and case, it takes on the meaning “which fea cer waa Which house is his? 2) a rer aft Which (what) book are you reading? TIT fe can also be used simply to indicate a question Note: By adding another diect object 0 senteace 1,2) above, PR. is no longer the direct object and now is used in the sentence merely to indicate « question In this case it is often placed after the direct object. 1) PT (mase.) fF ATA | —Do you know yoga? 2) AEE (fem, FE TABAT! Do you go to the iver? The same question can be phrased by using the word 3% in place of FRR, aft aa areafar Do you know the trath? 2) af at aati Do you know yoga? Compare the different Neuter pronoun forms of Cases | and 2, 1,2) Pronoun endings a .2) Personal (Demonst.) Pronoun aa .2) Relative Pronoun (next page) at 1,2) Interrogative PronounRelative pronouns are used extensively in Sanskrit. A relative pronoun is almost always used with a personal/demonstrative pronoun. Its function is to be more specific with regard fo whatever the demonstrative pronoun refers to. For example: if. sing a demonstrative pronoun we refer to rhat man, there may still remain doubt about who that man is. A relative pronoun here makes it possible to give ‘more information, specifically about that man: That man, who studies Sanskrit. Who is the relative pronoun, In English, the pronoun who, serves two functions: 1) used alone itis the interrogative pronoun, for phrasing a question. Ex. Who is that man? 2) used in conjunction with the personal/demonstrative pronouns he / this /that or something equivalent, its the relative pronoun, Ex. That man, who studies Sanskrit. is happy. In English, we place the demonstrative pronoun first. It's common in Sanskritto have the relative pronoun fist. In Sansiit the relative pronoun is distinguished by placing the eter before the pronoun endings. Ex. % at @ ete, When a semence contains a pronoun, it nearly always contains a % of demonstrative pronoun. Ex, 3 Hage cater a Alert | Who(ever) study Sanskrit - they are happy Masculine Relative Pronoun (who) 1) Subject 2) Direct Object 3) by / with 4) to / for (Indirect Obj.) 5) from Bofl's/s Tin fon fat 1) Subject 2) Direct Object ‘Note: The regular neuter pronoun 1,2) sing. ending STK is replaced by $A hore 3b1'scommonin Sanskritto have the relative pronoun first. In English, we place the demonstrative Pronoun first: They. who study Sanskrit, are happy. Note in the following examples that each of the Pronouns has its own phrase within the sentence; that is, its own miniature sentence within a sentence, incorporating ts own subject and verb. In Sanskrit, these phrases are usually spoken separate rom one ‘another, the relative pronoun phrase first. Aihough awkward in English, the following examples will be translated as they are structured ia Sanskrit. Often, by translating the relative pronoun as whoever, rather than who, the sense of the Sanskrit can be understood more easily. Note: The relative and personal pronouns may be in different cases The relative pronoun always refers (othe demonstrative pronoun. Both are italicized here. 1) a aed area - af aren Whovever) knows his own nature - I honor him, (L honor him,sho knows his own nature.) 2) a safe . afar 2a orate | Whom(ever) you honor - in him you see God. 3) 3 fag get - a Sa: wate By whom the world (was) made - that (he) is Tivara. 4) RE aha - eT erat | To whom you give - from him you get. 774 1%) sive 5S) FET SATS: . a TTT: | From whom we come - to him we go, 6) FEI aT area wale Bart arate Whose faith is in his own true mature - he knows yoga, 7) afer eimemf - afay wed Tearfy 1 Jn whom IsceGod = in him 1 see my true nature Although the relative pronoun usually stands by itself in English, the relative pronoun in § often placed before a noun, inskrit is Ex.) 2a: wget am aay FE a term of reverent Whichtever) God is in living beings - heartelt-greeting to him, 8°*1#~ thes h cise In English the word God would be placed after the demonstrative pronoun, rather than the relative Pronoun. The same sentence would then read: Salutation to that God, who isin all beings 4m Sanskrit, the word God could be placed in ether postion, depending on emphasis E.pa geatteft . am aaa Who sits in the heart - heartfelt-greeting to that God. In most cases, however the noun is placed after the relative pronoun. The following examples reflect that3) 4) 3) 6 nD mare Whichever) desire aro By which(ever) means ae aT To which(ever) man FRET ATTA, Due 10 what(ever) desire ae freer Of whichever) student afer 2a In which(ever) god. earatir: aaa | we meditate on - that increases. art oe : are: wate | youatain yoga - that is abhy’sa ae feat Te aa HAR | you (pl.) show truth - from him you get truth area ae one is agitated - shat is suffering area: wate a fran a ad cgois the does not gain knowledge ae wate a aed wats | (your) faith is he is your own true nature. 3dFeminine Pronoun Endings - Lesson 5 p.2 / Color code p.3 1) Subject a aT: 2) Direct Object u ot: 3) by / with aa anu: 4) t0/ for (Indirect Obj.) ara | TET: — ara TT 5) from s T 6) of I's E ) of 1's /s ll ee at | Tin /on/ at Ee ees ay With the exception of the endings in screened boxes, the above endings are identicle to feminine rhouns in HT, Even the second syllable of those endings is identicle. Compare: are [SE | ore [SFT] ar [SRET arr STR] In exactly the same way as the masculine, if % (H Ist sing.) is placed before these endings, we derive the feminine 3rd Person personal pronoun. Feminine - 3rd Person Pronoun (she) 1) Subject 2) Direct Object 3) by / with 4) to / for (Indirect Obj.) 5) from 6) of /'s/s' 7) in fon fat bo Bras aafr 1 She lives there, 2 aa I remember her 3) Fa AR Ie was done by her.saree: gin 4) Rem aa SoeTe: wafer | Is the gift for her? 5) We goers: waft | The gift is from her. 6) eT: are eA wae | Her garland is beautiful 7) FRAT aay Ta | Truth shines in her. De Placed before a Feminiie noun of the same gender, number and person, the fem. personal pronoun becomes the demonstrative pronoun “that bo ara aa aah That woman lives there 2 ata erat 1 remember that woman, 3) amare It was done by that woman 4 wee Salutation 10 that goddess, 5) EMT: FSM: AG EAT: | We take water from that river. 6) FEAT: RTE: RH RAEI) —_What is the nature of tha illusion? 2) FRR Fa Tea He dives into cha iver. If the letter T is placed before the personal pronoun, the meaning changes to "this" 1 Wer ara waa ada This illusion exists everywhere. 2) fem wat yet tama: | Do we protect this carth? FR token 3) UAT ATCT AH | It was taken by this git! 4) URE Ten ages waa 1 The flowers are for this garland Interrogative (?) pronou If the letter % is placed before the general pronoun endings, we derive the interrogative pronoun ‘who’ or ‘which (what)' before feminine nouns. bar aa apo = ate | Whar mother doesnot know compassion? 2 ama atte Which story do you know? 7 kone 3) ART ATOR HTL | Ik was known by which gil? 4) eee Pret a rasta For what knowledge do you go there? 5) BAT: FATT: AA AAA | From what desire is truth known? 6) RTT: Aer: a: wate Whose necklaces are those? 1) arent area rearen: ere efi | In which itl do you se the nature ofthe mer? 52 3) 4 6) 7) (Next 8 pages not on cassette) Relative Pronouns Feminine meat wag aay arate FH: aH | Which goddess in all beings is - salutation to her. am art uefa weat eat aafa | Whichever) woman you see - in her the goddess dwells Beat ATTA tare ar ater tom By whatever illusion Tlive - that (is)* the play of the goddess. wea aay ute aarti at fager To which goddess I give devotion - that (is)*the mother of the universe. Fe: aM: ee ETAT: wr ar aT From which river the water of faith - we take that (is)* the Ganga rem: Frere: ea ea HT BACT | Of which night the twilight (is) beautiful - that (is)* auspicious. aren frarat ant earate ar fara: aes: waigiy VATA Inwhich night the Yogr meditates - that (s)*the time of sleep of all beings. + tn Sans, sno necessary to we the et be Nove: pronoun ending of SbReview Sequences - Ist Case MASC. Sing. a atta | He knows Irerogaive ae: ater Who knows? Demonstrate aa: arate | That man knows. Inerogaive ae ae: stata Which man knows? Relaive a: ae: aa fersafer a area) Which man stands there - he knows. (The man who) [NEUT. Sing, ae eat wate | That is the truth. Imesogatve fe a vafa ‘What is the teuth? — aaa wet wai ‘That knowledge is the truth Imerropauve fe art aed wale Which knowledge is the truth? Retawe Ir ae - aa at wate | Which knowledge (is) of one’s true nature that is the truth (Knowledge which is) FEM, Sop ar atea She is happy. Ineropaive ar Tea | Who is happy? Demensintive at anferat Sea | ‘That girl is happy. Ioverrgaive amr afer ATA | Which girl is happy? Retaive aatfrat ap afe | arated | Which girl sings Sanskrit = she is happy (The girl who) Substitute the dual (M, F) and plural forms for the singular given in the Review Sequences on p.. Ex. @ atatars They know. & ata Who know? a AT: atefesT | Those men know. 2 AT: Ataf | Which men know? aa aa feet AateT Which men stand there «they know DUAL Mase. and Fem. - Substitute at a ante PLURAL Mase, and Fem. - Substitute aa: at: anfera: SeReview Sequences - 2nd Case Nove: In thes Sentences the relative pronoun comes inthe second clase, modeling the normal order of English Mase. aft a a arate 1 Do you know him? aft oe a ater Do I know whom? aft at a AR ATE! —Do you know that man? ‘saftt Fg 3 AF aTeTAA | — Do I know which man? gift a aa arate a: aaa avatar Do you know that man - who stands in the river. NeUr aft a atarta | Do you remember that? ware fa art | Do I remember what? caf a ae Ter RAE | Do you remember that posture? one Fee sre BTA | Do I remember which posture? aft a aa ort erat after saat | Do you remember that posture - in which one meditaes. ‘note vowel sundhi, Lesson 2, 6 FEM. aft 2 at orate Do you see her? wa oat earth | Do I see whom? af & at ATA Geafe | Do you see that woman? ‘ware a ATA eaTfA | Do I sce which woman? afi a atari cafe =o ar gana aif Do you see that woman - who sits in the garden. Substitute the plural forms for the singular given in the Review Sequences - 2nd Case PLURAL Mase. / Neut. / Fem. - Substitute AAT atfet aretha at ar:Review Sequences - 3rd Case you know happiness = You obtain knowledge by that. T obtain knowledge by what? You obtain knowledge by that yoga, 1 obtain knowledge by which yoga? A aT oo by that you obtain knowledge ‘note vowel snd. Les. 2 MASC sin. aa a a oa ar ae A | a ate ae out aor antae* STH i | aaa ai ae arate By which yoga (By the yoga, by which) Neuen Cases 3-7 same as Masculine. FEN, ing aa st: dat Treas | ea A: ea Tease | rar gee AAT: eat Teh | ara TT: ea Teas | Fe FATA aT: a By which desire (By the desire, by which) people expand By that people go 10 god. By what do people go to god? By that desire people go to god. By what desire do people go 10 god? mat aca ofa | = by that they go 10 god. vowel snhi, Les. 2p Substitute the plural forms for the singular given PLURAL Mase. and Fem, - Substitute the Review Sequences - 3rd Case a ath: arf: gezprfi:Review Sequences - 4th Case MASC sing. aaa AR: | Heartfelt-greeting to him. aad aH: | Heantfel-greeting 10 whom? wet cara aH: | Heartfelt-greeting to that god aR card | Heartielt-greeting to which god? ae aden: fara Pag a ania ey cars A: | For whom mountains stand and the universe expands - heartfelt-greeting to that god. FEM. sing Fea Heartfelt-greeting to her. aaa a Heartfelt-greeting 10 whom? Ae Bea a | Heartfelt-greeting to that goddess. we A AT: | Heartfelt-greeting to which goddess? aed agi tea ae AH For whom flowers grow - heartielt-greeting to that goddess. Subsite the dual forms for the singular given inthe Review Sequences - Ath Case DUAL Mase. and Fem. ~ Substitute aren garam Anant geeReview Sequences - 5th Case seasc sing FRAT, APTS: | From that we both come. RAT HATES | From what do we both come? area 2a ATTA: | From that god we both come. FRET SATA ATSSTA: | From which god do we both come? eee Za aaq arrest | a STE: | From which god everything comes. - from that we both come. (From the god from which) FEM. sing wer: Ter 1 Due to that we grow. aT: TET: | Due to whom do we grow? eT: SoM: TTA: | Due to that goddess we grow: are: BT: TTA: | Due to which goddess do we grow? EM: TM: apart gat: 3 Tefer eT: Tem: | Due to which goddess flowers and trees grow = due toher we grow Substitute the plural forms for the singular given in the Review Sequences - Sth Case PLURAL mase. and fem, - Substitute 7124: Za area: gainReview Sequences - 6th Case ea ad wala | It is his knowledge. ae walt | Whose knowledge is it? ae er a wate It’s that man's knowledge. (of that man) eT Te ITA waft | I's which man’s knowledge? rey eat feat Fer rey a watt | Whose meditation (is) steady - its that man's knowledge. (of that man) Fem: Sa wa | Ie is her garden weT: Ja wats 1 Whose garden is it? em: are: sar waft 1 It is that woman's garden, (of that woman) area: ATA: TAA Hafe 1 is which woman's garden? (of which woman) wea Rea: eT: Ta: Sa wafer Whose eyes are like lotuses (2) - it is that woman's garden. (of that woman) ‘Substitute the dual (m.) and plural forms for the singular given in the Review Sequences - 6th Case DUAL masc. - Substitue at: aT: PLURAL mase. and fem. - Substitute At FFT art arto,mae: Wate | a ft wate | ae ot arate | aa ae ard aif | aan 3 aaa atti aft aa ard wat aa a Aa aa TA | afters ants acai eae afer aroun gt ee | Usage Who is that man? He is a friend, How do you know him? FA how, ata nay? Tdo work with trim. ry work / AR 1 Jo RE wih. m company and I know his father. Does he like that work? Yes, he Tikes it. Cerin Exercise 8 In the above conversation substitute the Sanskrit for that woman, she, her, hers (fem.) in place of the italicized masculine words. ex. 1 OT ATE ry Dey What strengths do you sce in him, In him, I see compassion and faith. The following words are pronouns, because they may be substituted for a noun. They take the general pronoun endings - pages I (masc. and neuter) and 4 (fem.) TH one Hr rm a TT ike waa mas Tee weet: Tea ad all (plural) icf two (declined as 3) a 3 3 Ev a 3 area like like wa ase. mase ra, ar Also declined like f - wr FA ‘both’ #4 may be declined in the singular meaning whole, entire. wa wat: wai: waify: wah: wah: i aati Bait like Also declined like 74 - ae ‘many (lit. FA not TF one)Usage fe red wate | What is your true nature? F: FER TSE | ‘That Lam. cat aa eared atta | Do you know thar true nature? ae aed wef Tam that true nature, oem refs aa arent | By what means do I know that? aARA That is the reality. eR. tle 2a AA aA Whose reality is that ? FARA NE | That is the reality of the self ay ay aa In which people does this reality exist? wag ay Wa Be a | This reality exists in all people, aft saat sar TH a afar ? of all people one reality is? (Do all people have one reality?) wage: way waiq a arty aaa One Self in all men and in all women exists atin wera far ga | AI beings in one Set wer: a way a | ‘And one self in all beings (This point ea of page a on cass) a: oat wed wig yy a aq aa Who(ever) sees one Self _imall beings. - he _—_in those beings. exists 3: graft waif wafers afer aatftn umf aa Who(ever) sees all beings in one self inhim all beings exist. Wer eat aa: ada er w ga a A Waa: | In whose hea’ God remains- of him dislike and pain are no, He, in whose heart God remains, has no dislike(s) and prin, afer at waa ade In which person this reality exits - aa ae verte | aaa Bet he is happy fri aaa and the friend of all, Who is that person? Lam. ‘And you are 7aqys pe you your my Rama Krsna city live R K RRP RE RRR RA x Exercise 9 Vocabulary ‘HTFRE! (m.) bliss TF: (m.) street FAFA (n.) book aH good am yes FRM) friend 7 there cs here ae other fyb Read and translate the following conversation. me: a waa) ‘we on: aT | fie aa arte | ay ares TH: wate | a afta ait ate | Fe ara aaa | afer oni aafa ame caer aera | Tae aa ere waa | aH aR | Fam aR SH ET at a A A Pe aa waffor frrarfin aa aet | wa fit aa aafa 1 am 3 fo oa va fe a ga A a af | mm gaifin feranfor wae 1 ferry ag a Fa Fa: | 7BSed person 2d person Ist person Past tense AA. know Ist gana base - ae Ist Case MASC, dt EM. plural Past tense endings - ParasmaipadT __ ser ut ual FR FF 8 | aa oat a In the past tense, it is necessary to place the augment # before the verbal base. = they 2 knew) they knew you? ee 8 all kn wed knew | | a wai) Pattern Sequences TR SATA | FRR TEER 3: OT: TTR TEA Be: A: TRH ATA a: AR TERA | at arrey arrest it area ATTA SATA | at ft ret req area | 3: ACT TET | 3 Ter Ta | % ATO: AE ATT | Aa aren: aera STEAL AT TERT ATA | an Sfesar TSMR HAA | Who went home? He went home Which boy went home’? ‘That one boy went home. Who went to town? They both went to town, Which two boys went to town? ‘Those two boys went 0 town. Who went to the lake, They went to the lake. Which boys went to the lake? All those boys went to the lake. She left school. Which girl left school? ar em enfra TeMTT STAAL | That one git left schoo asa am a afer Fas ora | a3 alee sara anes | a ATH a: AE AAT | a: Safer: ATT AA: HE TT as meas afer: ATE aE: | ‘They both were in the garden Which two girls were in the garden? Those two girls were in the garden. ‘They lived with their families, Which girls lived with their families? All those Is lived with their families.Ist Case BUT. sin. AR RAT HAA | That was sweet fe RATA oat | What was sweet? a Ua oes HT HH ‘That one fruit was sweet, BUT. dust A marats sway | Those two were sweeter. Se ayrat ares | Which two were sweeter? a oe mera? sre Those two fruits were sweeter. [NEUT. plerat arf nazaarfas saa Those were sweetest, anfa ayramifa ara | Which were sweetest? ai eaifin conte Rey TAATER STAAL 40 hose fats wore succes [The comparative and superlative degrees of an adjective are formed in Sanskrit by | adding A® and TA respectively. HAT sweet / HYTAT sweeter / HYTAM sweetest 2nd Case MASC. sing afa aa aod: | fae Did you see that? What? aft a a am HORT: | Did you see thar bird? STR ae ATH eT a Yes, I saw that one bird. Mase. ofa = at ra | at Did you lead those two? Which 10, aft a at wat aaa: 1 Did you lead those two people? ang ae at Gt a aA Yes, I led those 1wo people MASC. plural aft a aT HATE: | TL Did you know them? Whom? aft a aT ATT ATT: | Did you know those men? AT FE AT aa ATTA HATA | Yes | knew all those men, Exercise 9 Substitute the following feminine forms for the italicized 2nd case words above and their corresponding pronouns above: singular 4117 - necklace dual tf35 - wo girls plural ATE: - women Substitute the following neuter forms for the italicized 2nd case words above and their corresponding pronouns above singular RPL - lows dust FH - two friends plural aHEATAA - flowers 9Selections from the Yoga Sutras of Pataiijali arreartor - ara: crea: Famer safearergl | ara: Tyee: fame: afaeer: a Vinis are fivefold, and are afflicted and non-allicted ATA: vettis (modes of mental activity) (fem. & 1s case plu.) see Lesson 7 TATA: fivefold 6. ¥ ist plu. - see Lesson 7 pt) PRPS: ktisa - afflicted (painful) 37 1s play ‘SAPRPET: aktista ~ non-afflicted (not painful) (t 3 tx pis) 16 yarnfacrtafrecattereyaa: | spat. fai = per — Fgh <1 (The 5 vrtis are) pramana (evidence), misperception, conceptualization, sleep, and remembering A and JAIN. pramitna - ways of knowing, evidence and proofs farra viparyaya -misperception FRET. vikapa - imagination FRET ide - steep FAT smi remembering 3 1st pla GRaATARTaT: TATOTET | Ges - I - PTT: TAT | v7 The pramanas (proofs) are direct perception, inference, and testimony. WHE pratyaksa - direct perception SPAT anumana - inference ATTAT: agamah - testimony 1st pla) TTF praman. ways of knowing, proofs in. 3 14 plu) 1018 fererket frerarrrargTrafeassr | facefa: finer - ara sag - ea - ofa Viparyaya - misinterpretation, is false knowledge not based upon the actual (perceived) form. ferET misinterpretation om. 31 I sing) fea - false FAA knowledge (0. 31 st sing.) H-not — A= thar(actual) ET - form GAEPER based upon in. 3 it sing) 1 Tear aq feraeeu: | wear ot ae get freee Vikatpa - conceptualization. dependent upon words and ideas, is devoid of an (actual) object. FRE - word A knowledge (here: idea) FTA dependent am - SFP m. 9 ne AR - thing, object FFA: empty, devoid of om ts sng) FAA: conceptualization (mI sng) 110 aaTareaeaT aParier | ‘The activity (vmti sleep is dependent upon the suggestion of absence. SANTA. absence TERA suggestion HIPAA dependent «tb. Is sing aft civiy uu seg) FAT sleep wt 1 sie Lin separa: waft: | arp. fama. armani: aes Memory (recall) is the non-escaping of (previously) experienced sensory objects. ATT previously experienced FATA ~ sensory objects (of) BPA: memory (here: recall) aj Mt snes 108Verses from the i WTA | 8 Verse XI, 18 aa: wat a fa | Fat ATATAaTAT: | | aa: aafaatsa: =. wat in Ceparding) an enemy 37 sing see Levon >) a and fH in (regarding) a friend im. 370 sine a and | _ | AVA < SORTTTT: in respect- and disrespeet im 7 dat a _—=CSsrési‘i‘CS™SOCOCOCSCésCSCsC—OSN | a —Errtrts—s—sSsSs— aq. faafifa: attachment freed im. # 1st sing.) Whoever is the same regarding an enemy or a friend, regarding respect or disrespect, and in cold or heat, pleasure or pain - the same, | is freed from attachment.