_

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_El
ect
ri
calI
nst
all
ati
on
CHAPTER3
El
ect
ri
calI
nst
all
ati
onDesi
gn
►Ter
minol
ogyanddef
ini
ti
ons:
Ampaci
ty:cur
rentcar
ryi
ng capaci
tyofel
ect
ri
c conduct
ors expr
essed i
n amper
es.
Appl
iance:ut
il
izat
ionequi
pment
.
Br
anchci
rcui
t:t
heci
rcui
tconduct
orbet
weent
hef
inalov
ercur
rentdev
icepr
otect
ingt
he
ci
rcui
tandt
heout
let
(s)
.
Demandf
act
or:t
her
ati
ooft
hemaxi
mum demandofasy
stem,orpar
tofasy
stem,t
othe
t
otal
connect
edl
oadofasy
stem ort
hepar
toft
hesy
stem underconsi
der
ati
on.
Feeder
:al
lci
rcui
tconduct
orsbet
weent
heser
viceequi
pment
,ort
hegener
atorswi
tchboar
d
ofani
sol
atedpl
ant
,andt
hef
inal
branchci
rcui
tov
ercur
rentdev
ice.
Gr
ound:aconduct
orconnect
ion,whet
heri
ntent
ionaloracci
dent
al,bet
weenanel
ect
ri
c
ci
rcui
torequi
pmentandt
heear
th,
ort
osomeconduct
ingbodyt
hatser
vesi
npl
aceof
t
heear
th.
Li
ght
ingout
let
:anout
leti
ntendedf
ordi
rectconnect
ionofal
amphol
der
,al
i
ghtf
ixt
ure,
ora
pendantcor
dter
minat
ingi
nal
amphol
der
.
Out
let
:apoi
ntont
hewi
ri
ngsy
stem atwhi
chcur
renti
stakent
otheut
il
izat
ionequi
pment
Recept
acl
e:acont
actdev
icei
nst
all
edatt
heout
letf
ort
heconnect
ionofasi
ngl
eat
tachment
pl
ug.
Ser
vice:t
heconduct
orandequi
pmentf
ordel
i
ver
ingener
gyf
rom el
ect
ri
csuppl
ysy
stem t
o
t
hewi
ri
ngsy
stem oft
hepr
emi
sesser
ved.
Swi
tchboar
d:al
argepanel
,fr
ameorassembl
yofpanel
sonwhi
char
emount
ed,
ont
hef
ace
orbackorbot
h,swi
tches,
overcur
rentandot
herpr
otect
ivedev
ices,
buses,
anyusual
i
nst
rument
s.

►Wi
ri
ngDesi
gnCr
it
eri
a
 Fl
exi
bil
it
y:ever
ywi
ri
ngsy
stem shoul
dincor
por
atesuf
fi
cientf
lexi
bil
i
tyofdesi
gni
n
br
anch ci
rcui
tr
y,f
eeder
s,and panel
sto accommodat
e al
lpor
tabl
e,pat
ter
ns,
ar
rangement
s and l
ocat
ions of el
ect
ri
cloads.The degr
ee of f
lexi
bil
i
tyt
o be
i
ncor
por
ateddependsi
nlar
gemeasur
eont
het
ypeoff
aci
l
ity
.Aspar
toft
hedesi
gnf
or
f
lexi
bil
i
ty,pr
ovi
si
onf
orexpansi
onmustbepr
ovi
ded.I
tmust
,howev
er,beemphasi
zed
t
hatov
erdesi
gni
sasbadasunderdesi
gn.
 Rel
iabi
li
ty:t
her
eli
abi
l
ityofel
ect
ri
cal
powerwi
thi
naf
aci
l
ityi
sdet
ermi
nedbyt
wof
act
ors:
t
heut
il
it
y’sser
viceandt
hebui
l
ding’
sel
ect
ri
cal
syst
em.
 Saf
ety:t
hedesi
gnermustbeconst
ant
lyal
ertt
oani
nit
ialsaf
eel
ect
ri
cali
nst
all
ati
onand
_
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eparedby:G/
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ectr
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nst
all
ati
onDesi
gn 38
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_El
ect
ri
calI
nst
all
ati
on
suchf
act
orsasel
ect
ri
calhazar
dscausedbymi
suseofequi
pmentorbyequi
pment
f
ail
ureaf
teri
nst
all
ati
on.
 Ener
gyconsi
der
ati
on:i
ncl
udesl
i
mit
ingv
olt
agedr
ops,powerf
act
orcor
rect
ion,useof
swi
tchesf
orcont
rol
,et
c
 Economi
ccost
:incl
udesi
nit
ial
costandoper
ati
ngcost
 Space al
locat
ion: concer
ned wi
th mai
ntenance ease,v
ent
il
ati
on,expandabi
l
ity
,
cent
ral
i
ty,l
i
mit
ati
on ofaccess,and noi
se,i
n addi
ti
on t
othebasi
cit
em ofspace
adequacy
.
►Desi
gnpr
ocedur
e
Thest
epsi
nvol
vedi
ntheel
ect
ri
calwi
ri
ngdesi
gnofanyf
aci
l
ityar
eout
li
nedbel
ow.These
mayi
nsomei
nst
ancesbeper
for
medi
ndi
ff
erentor
der
,ort
woormor
est
epsmaybe
combi
ned,
butt
hepr
ocedur
enor
mal
l
yusedi
sthatl
i
stedbel
ow.
a) Det
ermi
newi
tht
hecl
i
entt
heusageofal
lar
eas,andt
ypeandr
ati
ngofal
lcl
i
ent
f
urni
shedequi
pmenti
ncl
udi
ngt
hei
rspeci
fcel
i ect
ri
crat
ings.
b) I
fthedesi
gnercoul heexactel
dnotgett ect
ri
calr
ati
ngofal
ltheequi
pmentt
hatar
e
goi
ngt
obei
nst
all
edi
nthebui
l
dingsuchaspl
umbi
ng,el
evat
ors,ki
tchen,mot
orset
c,
det
ermi
net
hei
rrat
ingsf
rom ot
herconsul
tant
s.
c) Makeanel
ect
ri
call
oadest
imat
ebasedont
heabov
ecol
l
ect
eddat
a,ar
easi
nvol
ved,
pr
evi
ousl
yinst
all
edsi
mil
ari
nst
all
ati
ondat
aandanyot
herper
ti
nentdat
a.
LoadEst
imat
ion:wheni
nit
iat
ingt
hewi
ri
ngdesi
gnofabui
l
ding,
iti
simpor
tantt
obeabl
eto
est
imat
ethet
otalbui
l
dingl
oadi
nor
dert
opl
ansuchspacesast
ransf
ormerr
ooms,
chases,
andcl
oset
.Thi
sinf
ormat
ioni
sal
sor
equi
redbyt
hel
ocalpowercompanywel
linadv
anceof
t
hest
artofconst
ruct
ion.Ofcour
se,anexactl
oadt
otalcanbemadeaf
tercompl
eti
ngt
he
desi
gn.Butsuchest
imat
ioncanbemadef
rom t
heknowl
edgeoft
hel
oadst
hebui
l
dinguses.
Theel
ect
ri
call
oadsi
nanyf
aci
li
tycanbecat
egor
izedas:(
i)
l
i
ght
ing.
(
ii
) Mi
scel
l
aneouspower
,whi
chi
ncl
udesconv
eni
enceout
let
sandsmal
lmot
ors.
(
ii
i) Heat
ing,
vent
il
ati
ng,
andai
rcondi
ti
oni
ng.
(
iv) Pl
umbi
ngorsani
tar
yequi
pment
:housewat
erpump,ai
rcompr
essor
s,and
v
acuum pumpset
c.
(
v) Ver
ti
cal
transpor
tat
ionequi
pment
:el
evat
ors,
mov
ingst
air
s,anddumbwai
ter
s.
(
vi) Ki
tchenequi
pment
.
(
vii
) Speci
alequi
pment
.
d) I
ncooper
ati
onwi
tht
hel
ocalel
ect
ri
cut
il
it
y,deci
deupont
hepoi
ntofser
viceent
rance,
t
ypeofser
vicer
un,
ser
vicev
olt
age,
met
eri
ngl
ocat
ion,
andbui
l
dingut
il
iz
ati
onv
olt
age.

_
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eparedby:G/
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ectr
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nst
all
ati
onDesi
gn 39
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_El
ect
ri
calI
nst
all
ati
on
Theabov
econsi
der
ati
onsandgener
alr
ulesaf
fect
ingser
viceequi
pmentar
eli
stedbel
ow:
i
. Abui
l
dingmaybesuppl
i
edatonepoi
ntbyei
therasi
ngl
esetorpar
all
elset
sofser
vice
conduct
ors.
i
i
. Al
lequi
pmentusedf
orser
vicei
ncl
udi
ngcabl
e,swi
tches,met
ers,andsoon,shal
lbe
appr
ovedf
ort
hatpur
pose.i
i
i.I
tisr
ecommendedt
hatami
nimum of100-
amp,3-
wir
e,
220/
380Vser
vicebepr
ovi
dedf
oral
li
ndi
vi
dual
resi
dences.
i
i
i. Noser
viceswi
tchsmal
l
ert
han60amporci
rcui
tbr
eakerf
ramesmal
l
ert
han50amp
shal
lbeused.
i
v.I
nmul
ti
pleoccupancybui
l
dingst
enant
smusthav
eaccesst
othei
rowndi
sconnect
means.
v
. Al
lbui
l
dingequi
pmentshal
lbeconnect
edont
hel
oadsi
deoft
heser
viceequi
pment
exceptt
hatser
vicef
uses,
met
eri
ng,
fir
eal
arm,
andsi
gnalequi
pmentandequi
pmentser
ving
emer
gencysy
stemsmaybeconnect
edaheadoft
hemai
ndi
sconnect
.

I
ncomput
ingt
hesi
zeoft
heser
viceequi
pmentbus,at
otali
stakenoft
hev
ari
ousf
eeder
l
oads.Al
thoughappl
i
cat
ionofaDi
ver
sit
yFact
ort
othi
stot
ali
sper
missi
ble,goodpr
act
ice
di
ctat
est
heuseofauni
tyDi
ver
sit
yFact
ori
nor
dert
opr
ovi
deameasur
eofspar
ecapaci
tyi
n
t
heser
viceequi
pment
.
(
e) Det
ermi
net
hel
ocat
ion and est
imat
ethesi
zeofal
lrequi
red el
ect
ri
cequi
pment
spacesi
ncl
udi
ngswi
tchboar
drooms,emer
gencyequi
pmentspaces,el
ect
ri
ccl
oset
s,
andsof
ort
h.
NOTE:-Panelboar
dsar
enor
mal
l
ylocat
edi
ncl
oset
sbutmaybel
ocat ncor
edi ri
dorwal
l
sor
el
sewher
e.Thi
swor
kisnecessar
yatt
hispoi
ntt
oenabl
ethear
chi
tectt
oreser
vet
hese
spacesf
ort
heel
ect
ri
cal
equi
pment
.Oncet
hedesi
gni
saccompl
i
shedi
ndet
ail
,the
est
imat
edspacer
equi
rement
scanbecheckedandnecessar
yadj
ust
ment
smade.
(
f) Desi
gnt
hel
i
ght
ingf
ort
hef
aci
l
ity
.Thi
sst
epi
scompl
exandi
nvol
vesacont
inued
i
nter
act
ionbet
weent
hear
chi
tectandt
hel
i
ght
ingdesi
gner
.
(
g) Ont
hesamepl
an,oronasepar
atepl
an,asdeci
ded,l
ocat
eal
lel
ect
ri
calappar
atus
i
ncl
udi
ng r
ecept
acl
es,swi
tches,mot
ors,and ot
herpowerconsumi
ng appar
atus.
Underf
loorductandcei
l
ingt
racksy
stemswoul
dbeshownatt
hisst
age.I
fext
ensi
ve,
asepar
atepl
ani
smade.
(
h) Ont
hepl
an,l
ocat
esi
gnalappar
atussuchasphoneout
let
s,speaker
s,mi
crophones,
TVout
let
s,f
ir
eandsmokedet
ect
ors,
andsoon.
(
i) Makedr
awi
ngshowi
ngal
lli
ght
ings,
dev
ices,
andpowerequi
pmentci
rcui
tconnect
ion
t
otheappr
opr
iat
epanel
boar
d.

_
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eparedby:G/
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ectr
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nst
all
ati
onDesi
gn 40
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_El
ect
ri
calI
nst
all
ati
on
(
j) Pr
epar
ethepanelschedul
e(t
abl
e).Thi
stabl
eshowst
hel
oaddi
str
ibut
ionov
ert
he
t
hreephasesandt
het
ypeofl
oadwhi
chi
sconnect
edoneachci
rcui
t.Att
hisst
ep,
i
ncl
udet
hesepar
ateci
rcui
tr
yforemer
gencyequi
pmentandf
orspar
eci
rcui
t.
(
k) Fr
om t
he panelschedul
e(t
abl
e)comput
e panell
oads,and make connect
ion
r
ear
rangementsot
haty
ouwi
l
lbeabl
etoanopt
imum powerbal
anceov
ert
het
hree
phasesR,
SandT.
(
l) Pr
epar
ether
iserdi
agr
am.Thi
sincl
udesdesi
gnofdi
str
ibut
ionpanel
s,swi
tchboar
ds,
andser
viceequi
pment
.
(
m) Comput
efeedersi
zesandal
lpr
otect
iveequi
pmentr
ati
ngs.
(
n) Cheekt
hepr
ecedi
ngwor
k.
►Br
anchCi
rcui
tDesi
gn
●Gui
del
inesf
orResi
dent
ial
(
a) TheNECr
equi
resf
orr
esi
dencessuf
fi
cientci
rcui
tr
ytosuppl
yal
oadof3w/
sqf
tint
he
bui
l
ding,
excl
udi
ngunf
ini
shedspacessuchaspor
ches,
gar
ages,
andbasement
s.
(
b) TheNECr
equi
resami
nimum oft
wo20-
ampappl
i
ancebr
anchci
rcui
tst
ofeedal
lthe
smal
lappl
i
ance out
let
sint
he ki
tchen,pant
ry,di
ning r
oom,f
ami
l
yroom et
c.
Fur
ther
mor
e,al
lki
tchenout
let
smustbef
edf
rom atl
eastt
wooft
heseci
rcui
ts(
Avoi
d
pl
aci
ngal
lthel
i
ght
ingi
nabui
l
dingonasi
ngl
eci
rcui
t)
.Al
sor
ecept
acl
esshoul
dbe
ci
rcui
tedwi
thpr
efer
abl
ytwo,
butnotmor
ethanf
ourona20-
ampci
rcui
t.
(
c) TheNECr
equi
rest
hatatl
eastone20-
ampci
rcui
tsuppl
ytobesetf
orl
aundr
yout
let
s.
Thi
srequi
rementsat
isf
iesgoodpr
act
ice.I
fel
ect
ri
ccl
othesdr
yeri
sant
ici
pat
edan
i
ndi
vi
dualbr
anch ci
rcui
tshoul
d besuppl
i
ed t
o ser
vet
hisl
oad,v
iaaheav
y-dut
y
r
ecept
acl
e.
(
d) Do notcombi
ne r
ecept
acl
es and swi
tches i
nto a si
ngl
e out
letexceptwher
e
conv
eni
enceofusedi
ctat
eshi
ghmount
ingofr
ecept
acl
es.
(
e) Ci
rcui
tthel
i
ght
ingandr
ecept
acl
essot
hateachr
oom haspar
tsofatl
eastt
wo
ci
rcui
ts.Thi
sincl
udesbasement
sandgar
ages.
(
f) Suppl
yatl
eastoner
ecept
acl
eint
hebat
hroom andoneout
sidet
hehouse(
g)Pr
ovi
de
swi
tchcont
rol
forcl
osetl
i
ght
s.
(
o)I
nbedr
oomssuppl
ytwodupl
exout
let
sateachsi
deoft
hebedl
ocat
iont
oaccommodat
e
el
ect
ri
cbl
anket
,cl
ocks,
radi
os,
lamps,
andot
hersuchappl
i
ances.
(
i)Si
ncer
ecept
acl
esar
ecount
edaspar
tofgener
all
i
ght
ingandnoaddi
ti
onall
oadi
s
i
ncl
udedf
ort
hem,
nol
i
miti
spl
acedont
henumberofr
ecept
acl
eout
let
sthatmaybe
wi
redt
oaci
rcui
t.Butf
orgoodpr
act
icet
heyshoul
dbel
i
mit
edt
o6ona15-
amp
ci
rcui
tand8ona20-
ampci
rcui
t.

_
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eparedby:G/
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ectr
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nst
all
ati
onDesi
gn 41
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_El
ect
ri
calI
nst
all
ati
on
(
l) Ki
tchensshoul
dhav
eadupl
exappl
i
anceout
letev
ery36i
n.ofcount
erspace,butno
l
esst
hant
woi
naddi
ti
ont
othenor
mal
wal
lout
let
s.
(
m) Adi
sconnect
ingmeans,
readi
l
yaccessi
ble,
mustbepr
ovi
dedf
orel
ect
ri
cranges,
cook
t
ops,andov
ensI
tisbet
terpr
act
icet
out
il
izeasmal
lki
tchenpanelr
ecessedi
ntoa
cor
nerwal
ltocont
rolt
hel
argeki
tchenappl
i
ancesandt
opr
ovi
decompl
etel
ysaf
e,
accessi
bledi
sconnect
ingmeans.Suchanar
rangementcanal
sobecheaperi
fthe
l
engt
hofr
unbet
weent
hemai
npanel
andt
heki
tcheni
sappr
eci
abl
e.
●Gui
del
inesf
orNon-
resi
dent
ial
(
a)School
s.Si
nceschool
scompr
iseanassembl
yofv
ari
edusespaces,i
ncl
udi
ngl
ect
ure
hal
l
, l
abor
ator
y,shop,assembl
y,of
fi
ce,gy
mnasi
um,pl
usspeci
alar
eassuch as
swi
mmi
ngpool
s,phot
ogr
aphi
clabs,andsoon,i
tisnotpossi
blet
ogener
ali
zeon
br
anchci
rcui
tdesi
gnconsi
der
ati
onsexceptf
ort
hef
oll
owi
ng:
i
. Toaccommodat
etheopaqueandf
il
m pr
oject
orsf
requent
lyusedi
nthecl
assr
oom,
20-
ampout
let
swi
redt
wor
ecept
acl
esonaci
rcui
tar
epl
acedatt
hef
rontandbackof
eachsuchr
oom.Asi
mil
arr
ecept
acl
es,wi
red6or8t
oaci
rcui
tispl
acedoneach
r
emai
ningwal
l
.
i
i
. Li
ghtswi
tchi
ngshoul
dpr
ovi
de:
1) Hi
gh-
lowl
evel
sforener
gyconser
vat
ionandt
oper
mitl
ow-
lev
ell
i
ght
ing
f
orf
il
mvi
ewi
ng.Wi
thf
luor
escentl
i
ght
ingt
hiscanbeaccompl
i
shedby
al
ter
nat
ebal
l
astwi
ri
ngandswi
tchi
ng,t
husav
oidi
ngt
hehi
ghcostof
di
mmi
ngequi
pment
.
2) Separ
ateswi
tchi
ngoft
hel
i
ght
sont
hewi
ndowsi
deoft
her
oom,whi
ch
i
sof
ten l
i
ght
edsuf
fi
cient
lybyday
li
ght
.
i
i
i. Pr
ovi
deappr
opr
iat
eout
let
sforal
lspeci
alequi
pmenti
nlabs,shops,cooki
ngr
ooms,
andt
hel
i
ke.
i
v. Useheav
y-dut
ydev
icesandkeyoper
atedswi
tchesf
orpubl
i
car
eal
i
ght
ing(
cor
ri
dor
s,
et
c.)
,pl
ast
ici
nst
eadofgl
assi
nfi
xtur
es,
andv
andal
-pr
oofequi
pmentwher
everpossi
ble.Al
l
panel
smustbel
ockedandshoul
dbei
nlockedcl
oset
s.
v
. TheNEC r
equi
ressuf
fi
ci
entbr
anchci
rcui
tr
ytopr
ovi
deami
nimum of3w/
sqf
tfor
gener
all
i
ght
ingi
nschool
s.Ref
ert
otheNECAr
ti
cleNo.220.Unl
i
ker
esi
dent
ialoccupancy
t
hisf
igur
edoesnoti
ncl
uder
ecept
acl
es.Recept
acl
esar
ecal
cul
atedsepar
atel
yat180w
eachf
oror
dinar
yconv
eni
enceout
let
s.
v
i. Keepl
i
ght
ingandr
ecept
acl
escompl
etel
ysepar
atewhenci
rcui
ti
ng.
(
b)Of
fi
ceSpace
I
nsmal
lof
fi
cespaces(
lesst
han400sqf
t)pr
ovi
deei
theroneout
letf
orev
ery40sqf
t,orone

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_
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eparedby:G/
MichaelG. El
ectr
icalI
nst
all
ati
onDesi
gn 42
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___ _
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_El
ect
ri
calI
nst
all
ati
on
out
letf
orev
ery10l
i
nearf
tofwal
lspace,whi
chev
eri
sgr
eat
er.I
nlar
gerof
fi
cespaces,
pr
ovi
deoneout
letev
ery100t
o125sqf
tbey
ondt
hei
nit
ial400sqf
t(10out
let
s).These
shoul
dcompr
isewal
lout
let
sspacedasabov
epl
usf
loorout
let
ssuf
fi
cientt
omakeupt
he
r
equi
redt
otal
.Inv
iewoft
hei
ncr
easi
ngl
yheav
yloadsofof
fi
cemachi
nes,
theser
ecept
acl
es
shoul
dbeci
rcui
tedatnomor
ethan6t
oa20-
ampbr
anchci
rcui
t,andl
essi
ftheequi
pment
t
obef
edsodi
ctat
es.
i
. Cor
ri
dor
sshoul
dhav
ea20-
amp,220-
vout
letev
ery50f
t,t
osuppl
ycl
eani
ng
andwaxi
ngmachi
nes.
i
i
. Aswi
thal
lnon-
resi
dent
ialbui
l
dings,conv
eni
encer
ecept
acl
esar
efi
gur
edat
180weach.

(
c)St
ores.I
nst
ores,goodpr
act
icer
equi
resatl
eastoneconv
eni
enceout
letr
ecept
acl
efor
ev
ery300sqf
tinaddi
ti
ont
oout
let
srequi
redf
orl
oadssuchasl
amps,show
wi
ndows,
anddemonst
rat
ionappl
i
ances.

► LoadTabul
ati
on
Whi
l
eci
rcui
ti
ngt
hel
oads,
apanel
schedul
eisdr
awnupwhi
chl
i
sts:
 Theci
rcui
tnumber
s
 Loaddescr
ipt
ion(
thet
ypeoft
hel
oad)
 Wat
tage(
act
ual
l
yinv
olt
-amper
es)
 Thecur
rentr
ati
ngs
 Numberofpol
esoft
heci
rcui
t-
prot
ect
ivedev
icef
eedi
ngeachci
rcui
t
andt
hel
i
ke.

Spar
eci
rcui
tsar
eincl
udedt
otheext
entt
hatt
hedesi
gnerconsi
der
sthem necessar
y
andconsonantwi
theconomy
,butnor
mal
l
ynol
esst
han20%oft
henumberofact
ive
ci
rcui
ts.Fi
nal
l
y,spacesar
elef
tforf
utur
eci
rcui
tbr
eaker
s,i
nappr
oxi
mat
elyt
hesame
quant
it
yast
henumberofspar
eci
rcui
ts,butal
way
stor
oundof
fthet
otalnumberof
ci
rcui
ts.At
ypi
cal
panel
schedul
eisshownont
henextpageasanexampl
e.

I
ncal
cul
ati
ngpanel
loads,
thef
oll
owi
ngr
ulesappl
y:
(
a) Eachspeci
fi
cappl
i
ance,
dev
ice,
li
ght
ingf
ixt
ure,
orot
herl
oadi
stakenati
ts
namepl
ater
ati
ng,
exceptcer
tai
nki
tchenandl
aundr
yappl
i
ancesf
orwhi
cht
heNEC
al
l
owsademandf
act
or.(
SeeNECAr
ti
cle220.
)
(
b) Eachconv
eni
enceout
let
,inot
hert
hanr
esi
dent
ial
spaces,
iscount
edas1.
5amp(
180

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eparedby:G/
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ectr
icalI
nst
all
ati
onDesi
gn 43
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_El
ect
ri
calI
nst
all
ati
on
W)
.
(
c) Spar
eci
rcui
tsar
efi
gur
edatappr
oxi
mat
elyt
hesamel
oadast
heav
erageact
ive
ci
rcui
ts.(
d) Fr
eespacesar
enotaddedi
ntot
hel
oad.
(
e) Loadsf
orspeci
alar
easanddev
icessuchasshowwi
ndowl
i
ght
ing,
heav
y-dut
ylamp
hol
der
s,andmul
tiout
letassembl
i
es,ar
etakenatt
hef
igur
esgi
veni
nNECAr
ti
cle
220.

Not
e: 1)I
ncal
cul
ati
ngt
otalpanell
oad,nodemandf
act
orsmaybeappl
i
edexcept
speci
fi
cal
l
yst
atedi
ntheNEC.Thi
sisbecausef
eeder
sar
ecal
cul
atedf
or
maxi
mum l
oadt
obecar
ri
ed,
i.
e.100%demandf
act
ori
sused.
2)Thephasel
oadshav
etobeappr
oxi
mat
elyequal
l
ydi
str
ibut
edov
ert
het
hreephases(
ifat
hree-
phasesuppl
yisut
il
izedi
nani
nst
all
ati
on)
.Iti
sther
esponsi
bil
i
tyoft
hedesi
gner(
orcont
ract
or)t
o
ci
rcui
tthel
oadssot
hatt
hephasesar
eascl
osel
ybal
ancedi
nloadaspossi
ble.I
fthi
sisnotdone,
one
phasewi
l
lcar
ryconsi
der
abl
ymor
ecur
rentt
hant
heot
her
s.Si
ncet
hepanelf
eedermustbesi
zedf
or
t
he maxi
mum phasecur
rent
,thi
smayl
eadt
oanov
ersi
zedf
eederandt
her
efor
eawast
eofmoney
.
Hav
ing t
abul
ated and bal
anced t
hel
oadsand t
otal
ed t
hem byphase,t
hemaxi
mum cur
renti
s
cal
cul
ated.Apor
ti
onoft
hespar
ecapaci
tyav
ail
abl
einbr
anchci
rcui
tisaddedt
otheabov
etot
al,as
t
hebasi
sfort
hecal
cul
ati
onoft
hef
eederl
oad.
►FeederCapaci
ty
Theel
ect
ri
cli
ne(
cabl
e)t
hati
srunni
ngf
rom t
hemai
ndi
str
ibut
ionl
i
net
oeachsubdi
str
ibut
ionboar
dis
knownasFeeder
.Toachi
eveeconomy
,thepanel
feedermustaccommodat
ethei
nit
ial
loadpl
ussome
por
ti
onoft
hef
utur
eload.Oneormor
eoft
hef
oll
owi
ngpr
ocedur
espr
ovi
desspar
ecapaci
tyi
nfeeder
s:
(
a)Pr
ovi
def
eederf
ori
nit
ialpl
usspar
e,wi
thpr
oper
lysi
zedcondui
t.Thi
smet
hodi
sgener
all
y
mosteconomi
cal
.
(
b)Pr
ovi
def
eederf
ori
nit
ialpl
usspar
e,wi
thcondui
tov
ersi
zedbyonesi
ze.Someaddi
ti
onal
costi
sent
ail
edher
e.Thi
sisonl
yusedwher
elar
gel
oadexpansi
oni
sant
ici
pat
ed.
(
c)Pr
ovi
def
ori
nit
iall
oadpl
usspar
e,wi
thanempt
ycondui
tforf
utur
e. Thi
smet
hodi
s
expensi
vebecauseofhi
ghcondui
tcost
,andi
tisi
nfr
equent
lyadv
isabl
e.

►Choosi
ngCabl
eSi
ze
●Cabl
eSi
zeDesi
gnpr
ocedur
e

Thecor
rectchoi
ceofcabl
esi
zef
oranyi
nst
all
ati
on i
sdependentupon f
undament
al
aspect
sof

_
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eparedby:G/
MichaelG. El
ectr
icalI
nst
all
ati
onDesi
gn 44
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_El
ect
ri
calI
nst
all
ati
on
(
a)Env
ironment
alcondi
ti
onsandchar
act
eri
sti
csof
pr
otect
ion,(
b)Cur
rent
-car
ryi
ngcapaci
tyoft
hecabl
eand(
c)
Vol
tagedr
opoft
hecabl
e.
Whencur
rentf
lowst
hroughaconduct
or,t
her
esi
stanceof
fer
edbyt
heconduct
orpr
oducesheat
.
Thei
ncr
easei
nheati
spr
opor
ti
onalt
othecabl
eresi
stance,whi
chi
ntur
ndependsupont
hecr
oss-
sect
ional
areaoft
hecabl
e.Si
nceov
erheat
ingdamagest
hei
nsul
ati
on,
theconduct
orsi
zemustbeof
adequat
esi
zet
opr
eventt
hisf
rom occur
ri
ng.
Ther
equi
rement
sofI
EERegul
ati
onsmakei
tcl
eart
hatci
rcui
tsmustbedesi
gnedandt
hedesi
gndat
a
mader
eadi
l
yav
ail
abl
e.Howt
hencanwebegi
ntodesi
gn?Cl
ear
ly,
plungi
ngi
ntocal
cul
ati
onsofcabl
e
si
zei
sofl
i
ttl
eval
ueunl
esst
het
ypeofcabl
eandi
tsmet
hodofi
nst
all
ati
oni
sknown.Thi
sint
urnwi
l
l
dependont
hei
nst
all
ati
on’
senv
ironment
.Att
hesamet
ime,wewoul
dneedt
oknow whet
hert
he
suppl
ywassi
ngl
eort
hreephases,t
het
ypeofear
thi
ngar
rangement
s,andsoon.Her
etheni
sour
st
arr
ingpoi
nt.

Hav
ingascer
tai
nedal
lthenecessar
ydet
ail
s,wecandeci
deonani
nst
all
ati
onmet
hod,t
het
ypeof
cabl
e,andhowwewi
l
lpr
otectagai
nstel
ect
ri
cshockandov
ercur
rent
s.Wewoul
dnowber
eadyt
o
begi
nthecal
cul
ati
onpar
toft
hedesi
gnpr
ocedur
e.
Basi
cal
l
y,t
her
ear
eei
ghtst
agesi
nsuchapr
ocedur
e. Thesear
ethesamewhat
evert
het
ypeof
i
nst
all
ati
on,
bei
tal
i
ght
eni
ngci
rcui
t,cookerci
rcui
torasubmai
ncabl
efeedi
ngadi
str
ibut
ionboar
din
af
act
ory
.Her
ethenar
etheei
ghtbasi
cst
epsi
nasi
mpl
i
fiedf
orm:

1.
Det
ermi
net
hedesi
gncur
rentI
b.

2.
Sel
ectt
her
ati
ngoft
hepr
otect
ionI
n

3.
Sel
ectt
her
elev
antcor
rect
ionf
act
or(
CFs)
.
4.
Div
ideI
nbyt
her
elev
antCFst
ogi
vecabl
ecur
rent
-car
ryi
ngcapaci
ty
5.
Chooseacabl
esi
zet
osui
tIz

6.
Checkt
hev
olt
agedr
op
7.
Cheekf
orshockr
iskconst
rai
nts8.Cheekf
ort
her
mal
const
rai
nts.
Desi
gncur
rent
I
nmanyi
nst
ancest
hedesi
gncur
rentI
bisquot
edbyt
hemanuf
act
urer
,butt
her
ear
e
t
imeswheni
thasbeencal
cul
ated.I
nthi
scaset
her
ear
etwof
ormul
aei
nvol
ved,
onef
or
si
ngl
ephaseandonef
ort
hreephase:
Si
ngl
ephase:
I
b=P/
V
Thr
eephase:
Ib=P/(
√3V)
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eparedby:G/
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ectr
icalI
nst
all
ati
onDesi
gn 45
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_El
ect
ri
calI
nst
all
ati
on
I
fani
tem ofequi
pmenthasapowerf
act
orand/
orhasanef
fi
ciency(
eff
)wi
l
lhav
ebeen
t
akeni
ntoaccount
.Hence:
Si
ngl
ephase:
I
b = (
Px1000)
/(V*
PF*
eff
) Thr
ee
phase:
I
b=(
Px1000)
/(√3*
VL*
PF*
eff
)
Nomi
nalset
ti
ngofpr
otect
ion
Hav
ingdet
ermi
nedI
b wemustnow sel
ectt
henomi
nalset
ti
ngoft
hepr
otect
ionI
n
sucht
hatI
n>I
b.t
hisv
aluemaybet
akenf
rom I
EEr
egul
ati
ons.

Cor
rect
ionf
act
ors
Whenacabl
ecar
ri
esi
tsf
ull
loadcur
rent
,itcanbecomewar
m.Thi
sisnotpr
obl
em
unl
essi
tst
emper
atur
eri
sesf
urt
herduet
oot
heri
nfl
uences,
inwhi
chcaset
hei
nsul
ati
on
coul
dbedamagedbyov
erheat
ing.Theseot
heri
nfl
uencesar
e:
 hi
ghambi
entt
emper
atur
e
 cabl
egr
oupedt
oget
hercl
osel
y
uncl
ear
edov
ercur
rent
sand
cont
actwi
tht
her
mal
insul
ati
on.
Foreachoft
hesecondi
ti
onst
her
eisacor
rect
ionf
act
or(
CF)whi
chwi
l
lrespect
ivel
ycal
l
ed
Ca,
Cg,
CfandCi,
andwhi
chder
atescabl
ecur
rentcar
ryi
ngcapaci
tyorconv
ersel
yincr
eases
cabl
esi
ze.
Ambi
entt
emper
atur
eCa
0
Thecabl
erat
ingi
ntheI
EEr
egul
ati
onsar
eonanambi
entt
emper
atur
eof30C,and
hencei
tisonl
yabov
ethi
stemper
atur
ethatanadv
ersecor
rect
ioni
mpr
ovementi
sneeded.
Gr
oupi
ngCg
Whencabl
esar
egr
oupedt
oget
hert
heyi
mpar
theatt
oeachot
her
.Ther
efor
ethemor
e
cabl
est
her
ear
ethemor
eheatt
heywi
l
lgener
ate,t
husi
ncr
easi
ngt
het
emper
atur
eofeach
cabl
e.I
EEr
egul
ati
onal
sogi
vesf
act
orsf
orsuchgr
oupi
ngsoft
hesamecabl
esi
zes.
Pr
otect
ionbyBS3036f
useCf
Becauseoft
hehi
ghf
usi
ngf
act
orofBS3036f
uses,t
her
ati
ngoft
hef
useI
n,shoul
dbel
ess
t
hanorequalt
o0.
725I
zHence0.
725i
sthecor
rect
ionf
act
ort
obeusedwhenBS3036f
uses
ar
eused.
Ther
malI
nsul
ati
onCi
Wi
tht
hemoder
ntr
end,t
owar
dsener
gysav
ingandt
hei
nst
all
ati
onoft
her
mali
nsul
ati
on,
t
her
emaybeaneedt
oder
atecabl
est
oaccountf
orheatr
etent
ion.I
EERegul
ati
ongi
ves
t
hesefact
orsforsi
tuati
onswhenther
malinsul
ationtouchesonesideofacable.Howev
er,
if
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_ _
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___
__
Pr
eparedby:G/
MichaelG. El
ectr
icalI
nstal
lat
ionDesign 46
 _
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___
___ _
___
___
___
____
___
___
_El
ect
ri
calI
nst
all
ati
on
acabl
eist
otal
l
ysur
roundedbyt
her
mali
nsul
ati
onf
ormor
ethan0.
5m,
afact
orof0.
5must
beappl
i
edt
othet
abul
atedcl
i
ppeddi
rectr
ati
ngs.Forl
esst
han0.
5m,
der
ati
ngf
act
orsTabl
e
_
_shoul
dbeappl
i
ed.Ref
ert
othet
abl
eonpages
Appl
icat
ionofcor
rect
ionf
act
ors
Someoral
loft
heoner
ouscondi
ti
onsj
ustout
li
nedmayaf
fectacabl
eal
ongi
tswhol
elengt
h
orpar
tsofi
t,butnotal
lmayaf
fecti
tatt
hesamet
ime.I
fal
lcondi
ti
onsar
etoappearatt
he
samet
imeconsi
deral
lcor
rect
ionf
act
ors,
other
wiset
aket
hewor
st.
Hav
ingchosent
her
elev
antcor
rect
ionf
act
ors,wenowappl
ythem t
othenomi
nalr
ati
ngof
t
hepr
otect
ionI
nasdi
vi
sor
sinor
dert
ocal
cul
atet
hecur
rentcar
ryi
ngcapaci
tyI
zoft
hecabl
e.
Cur
rentcar
ryi
ngcapaci
ty
Ther
equi
redf
ormul
aforcur
rentcar
ryi
ngcapaci
tyI
zis
I
z=I
n/(
rel
evantCFs)
Choi
ceofcabl
esi
ze
Hav
ingest
abl
i
shedt
hecur
rentcar
ryi
ngcapaci
tyI
zoft
hecabl
etobeused,
itnowr
emai
nst
ochoosea
cabl
etosui
tthatv
alue.TheI
EEr
egul
ati
onal
sol
i
stsal
lthecabl
esi
zes,
cur
rentcar
ryi
ngcapaci
tyand
v
olt
agedr
opsofv
ari
est
ypesofcabl
es.
(Thesedat
aisgi
venf
rom page_
_topage_
_).
Vol
tagedr
op
Ther
esi
stanceofaconduct
ori
ncr
easesast
hel
engt
hincr
easesand/
ort
hecr
oss-
sect
ional
area
decr
eases.Associ
atedwi
thani
ncr
easedr
esi
stancei
sadr
opi
nvol
tage,
whi
chmeanst
hatal
oadat
t
heendofal
ongt
hincabl
ewi
l
lnothav
ethef
ull
suppl
yvol
tageav
ail
abl
e.TheI
EEr
egul
ati
onr
equi
res
t
hatt
hev
olt
agedr
opVdshoul
dnotbesoexcessi
vet
hatequi
pmentdoesnotf
unct
ionsaf
ely
.They
f
urt
heri
ndi
cat
ethatadr
opofnomor
ethan4%oft
henomi
nal
vol
tageatt
heor
igi
noft
heci
rcui
twi
l
l
sat
isf
y.Thev
olt
agedr
opwi
l
lbecal
cul
atedusi
ngaf
ormul
a(adopt
edbyI
EEr
egul
ati
on)
:
Vd=mV*I
b*L wher
e mV-v
olt
agedr
opi
nmVobt
ainedf
rom I
EEt
abl
e
L-t
otal
lengt
hoft
hecabl
einconsi
der
ati
on.
● Fundament
al3-
phaseVol
tage-
dropCal
cul
ati
ons
Thesear
eal
lbasedont
hebasi
cfor
mul
a
R=ρl
/A eρ(
wher rho)st
andsf
orr
esi
sti
vi
ty.
72x10-8–f
ρ=1. orcopperconduct
or
83x10-8–f
ρ=2. orAl
umi
num conduct
or
I
fresi
stanceofaconduct
oratanyt
emper
atur
edi
ff
erentf
rom r
oom t
emper
atur
eisr
equi
red
i
tcanbecal
cul
atedusi
ng
RT=RO (
1+αΔT)Wher
eRT-r
esi
stanceatt
her
equi
redt
emper
atur
e
RO=ρl
/Ar
esi
stanceatr
oom t
emper
atur
e
α-
Expansi
oncoef
fi
cient

_
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___
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___
_
Pr
eparedby:G/
MichaelG. El
ectr
icalI
nst
all
ati
onDesi
gn 47
 _
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___ _
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___
___
___
___
___ _
___
___
___
____
___
___
_El
ect
ri
calI
nst
all
ati
on
=0.
00393-f
orcopper
=0.
0039 -f
orAl
umi
num
ΔT-Changei
ntemper
atur
e
Resi
sti
vi
tyi
sdef
inedast
her
esi
stancebet
weent
woopposi
tef
acesofauni
tcubeoft
heconduct
or
mat
eri
al.Manyv
olt
age-
droppr
obl
emsi
nvol
vet
hedet
ermi
nat
ionofr
esi
stancebyt
hismeansandt
hen
mul
ti
ply
ingbyt
hecur
rentt
oobt
aint
heI
Rdr
op.Theweaknessoft
hismet
hod,
asagai
nstt
hatadopt
ed
byuseoft
heI
.E.
E.Tabl
es,
ist
hatt
heTabl
esar
emuchmor
ereal
i
sti
csi
ncet
heyt
akei
ntoaccountt
he
act
ual
typeofcabl
eandcondi
ti
onsofser
vice.
●Di
ver
sit
yFact
or
Thedi
ver
sit
yfact
orhasani
mpor
tantpl
acei
nthedesi
gnofani
nst
all
ati
onandi
tsf
inal
cost
ing.I
EE
r
egul
ati
on311-
01deal
swi
tht
hissubj
ect
.Di
ver
sit
yfact
ori
saf
act
orwhi
chi
sappl
i
edt
osubmai
nand
mai
ncabl
esandt
hei
rassoci
atedgear
stor
educe:
a)t
hecr
osssect
ional
areai
fthecabl
econduct
or,
and
b)t
hecapaci
tyoft
heswi
tchgear
s.
Thef
act
ori
sbasedont
heassumpt
iont
hatt
hewhol
eoft
heconnect
edl
oadwi
l
lnotbet
urned
onatt
hesamet
ime.Forexampl
e,t
het
otall
i
ght
ingl
oadi
nadwel
l
inghousei
srar
elyswi
tchedonata
t
ime.Thus,i
tcanbet
akent
hati
fthet
otall
i
ght
ingl
oadi
s1000W dur
ingt
hel
i
feoft
hei
nst
all
ati
on,
onl
y66%oft
hel
oad(
660W)wi
l
lbeswi
tchedonatanyonet
ime.Thef
act
ori
nthi
sinst
ancei
s0.
66.A
f
act
orf
ordi
ver
sit
yshal
lnotbeal
l
owedf
orcal
cul
ati
ngt
hesi
zeofci
rcui
tconduct
orandswi
tchgear
s
off
inal
subci
rcui
ts,
othert
hanspeci
fi
edci
rcui
tssuchascookerci
rcui
ts.I
tisnot
edt
hatt
hepr
ovi
sion
ofanal
l
owancef
ordi
ver
sit
yisamat
terofcal
l
ingf
oraspeci
alknowl
edgeandexper
ience.I
ndeed,
t
heappl
i
cat
ionoft
hedi
ver
sit
yshoul
dbedeci
dedbyt
heengi
neerr
esponsi
blef
ordesi
gni
ngeach
par
ti
cul
ari
nst
all
ati
on.Theamountbywhi
cht
heyar
eincr
easedordecr
easedf
oreachi
nst
all
ati
oni
sa
mat
terf
ort
hei
nst
all
ati
onengi
neert
odeci
de.
Ther
ear
etent
ypesoff
inal
cir
cui
tfedf
rom wi
ri
ngt
owhi
chdi
ver
sit
yappl
i
es:
 l
i
ght
ing
 heat
ing
 cooki
ngappl
i
anceswhi
char
eper
manent
lyconnect
ed
 mot
ors(
othert
hanl
i
fti
ngmot
ors)
 i
nst
ant
aneous-
typewat
erheat
er
 t
her
most
ati
cal
l
ycont
rol
l
edwat
erheat
er
 f
loor
-war
mingi
nst
all
ati
on
 t
her
mal
-st
oragespace-
heat
ingi
nst
all
ati
on
 13Af
usedsocketout
let
sandappl
i
ancef
edt
her
efr
om and  Ot
hersocket
out
let
ssuchas15Asocket
s.

_
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___
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___
___
_
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eparedby:G/
MichaelG. El
ectr
icalI
nst
all
ati
onDesi
gn 48
 _
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_El
ect
ri
calI
nst
all
ati
on
Exampl
e1
Fr
om EBCS-
10.Tabl
eB.
1,sel
ectcabl
esofsui
tabl
ecur
rent
-car
ryi
ngcapaci
tyf
ort
hef
oll
owi
ng
l
oadsandcondi
ti
ons(
p.v.
c.cabl
est
oBS6004i
ntoscr
ewedcondui
t)
.
a)240Vsi
( ngl
e-phasesub-
mai
nsofl
i
ght
ingl
oadt
otal
i
ng10.
5kW.
Lengt
hofr
un10m.Aver
ageambi
entt
emper
atur
e25'
C,di
ver
sit
y66%
b)400Vbal
( anced3-
phasepowerci
rcui
t.Load18.
65kW, ef
fi
ciency,80%,power
f
act
or0.
69.Aver
aget
emper
atur
e30'
C.Lengt
hofr
uns100m.
 Sol
uti
onof(
a)
 Cur
rentt
akenbyl
oad=Power
Vol
tage
=10.
5*1000=43.
75A
240
 Al
l
owi
ngf
ordi
ver
sit
y,maxi
mum cur
rentt
hroughcabl
es=43.
75*66=28.
88A
100
I
fBS8832-
Aci
rcui
tbr
eakeri
schosenf
orpr
otect
ion,32Ar
atedci
rcui
tbr
eakercanbesel
ect
ed
f
rom t
abl
e9.
1.
→ I
n =32Amp
 Thecor
rect
ionf
act
orf
orambi
entt
emper
atur
efr
om Tabl
eA.
4f 250Ci
or s1.
06.Ther
efor
ethe
r
equi
redcabl
erat
ing:
→ I
z= 32 =30.
2A
1.
06
Fr
om Tabl
eB.
1,choosea4mm2conduct
orwhi
chcar
ri
es32A.
 Test
ingf
orVol
tagedr
op=(
mV/
Am)*I*l
→ Fr
om t
abl
eB.
2vol
tagedr
opf
or4mm2conduct
orsi
ze=11mv
/Am
→ Vol
tagedr
oponcabl
e =11mv/
Am *28.
8A*10m =3.
168V
→ Max
imum al
l
owabl
evol
tagedr
op=2.
5%of240V=6V.
 Si
ncet
heact
ualv
olt
agedr
opi
slesst
hanf
rom t
heal
l
owabl
emaxi
mum v
olt
agedr
op,sel
ect
ed
si s4mm2
zei

I
fBS3036f
usei
schosenf
orpr
otect
ion,
thi
sfuset
yper
equi
resacor
rect
ionf
act
orof0.
725.
→ I
n =32Amp
 Ther
efor
ethel
oadcur
rentwi
l
lbe:
→ I
z=I
n/CF CF-Cor
rect
ionFact
ors.
Ca=1.
06, Cf=0.
725
 Requi
redcabl
erat
ingI
z= 32Amp
1.06*0.725
_
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__ _
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_
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eparedby:G/
MichaelG. El
ectr
icalI
nst
all
ati
onDesi
gn 49
 _
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___
_El
ect
ri
calI
nst
all
ati
on
=41.
64Amp.
 Fr
om Tabl 1,a6mm2 conduct
eB. orcar
res41A.Anda10mm2 conduct
i orcar
ri
es57A.Take
10mm2di
amet
erconduct
or.
 Test
ingf
orVol
tagedr
op=(
mV/
Am)*I*l
→ Fr
om t
abl
eB.
2vol
tagedr
opf
or6mm2conduct
orsi
ze=7.
3mv
/Am
→ Vol
tagedr
oponcabl
e =4.
4mv
/Am *28.
8A*10m =1.
27V
→ Max
imum al
l
owabl
evol
tagedr
op=2.
5%of240V=6V.
 Si
ncet
heact
ualv
olt
agedr
opi
slesst
hanf
rom t
heal
l
owabl
emaxi
mum v
olt
age
dr
op,
sel
ect
edsi s10mm2.
zei

Comment
: youcaneasi
l
yobser
vet
hatt
heconduct
orsi
zedef
erencei
nusi
ngCi
rcui
tbr
eakerand
f
uses.
 Sol
uti
onof(
b)
 Ef
fi
ci
ency= Out
put
I
nput
= kW *1000
√3VIcosφ
80 = 18.
65*1000
100 √3*400*I*0.
69

I=18.
65*1000*100 =48.
77A.
√3*400*80*0.
69

Fr
om t
abl
e9.
1,50Aci
rcui
t-
breakeroft
ypeBS3871canusedf
orpr
otect
ion.
→ I
n =50Amp
 Loadcur
rentwi
l
lbe:
→ I
z=I
n/CF CF-Cor
rect
ionFact
ors.
CF=1becauseCa=1.
→ I
z=50A
 Choose16mm2cabl
ewhi
chi
scapabl
eofcar
ryi
ng52A.
 Test
ingf
orVol
tagedr
op:
Maxi
mum v
olt
agedr
op =2.
5%of400V=10V.
Vol
tagedr
opont
hecabl
e=(
mV/
Am)*I*l
= 2.
3*48.
77*100
=11.
22Vt
hisi
sbey
ondt
heal
l
owabl
evol
tagedr
op.
So,choosethenex
tcablesize,
whi chis25mm2.
_
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_
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eparedby:G/
MichaelG. El
ectr
icalInst
all
ati
onDesi
gn 50
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___
_El
ect
ri
calI
nst
all
ati
on
Vol
tagedr or25mm2 =1.
opf 7*43.
77*100=8.
29V
Ther
efor
esel
ect
edsi s25mm2.
zei
Comment
. Thi
sis one oft
he si
tuat
ions wher
ethe v
olt
age dr
op becomes t
he mai
n
det
ermi
ning Fact
oroft
heconduct
orsi
ze.
Fr
om t
abl
e9.
1,50ABS3036f
usecanusedf
orpr
otect
ion.
→I
n=50A
→ Cor
rect
ionf
act
orf
ort
hef
usei
sCf=0.
725
→ Loadcur
rentI
z=I
n/CF=I
n/Cf
→I
z=50A/0.
725=68.
966A
 Fr
om t
abl
eB. ect25mm2cabl
3sel ewhi
chcar
ri
es97A
 Test
ingf
orVol
tagedr
op:
Vol
tagedr
opont
hecabl
e=(
mV/
Am)*I*l
= 2.
3*48.
77*100
=13.
17Vt
hisi
sbey
ondt
heal
l
owabl
evol
tagedr
op.
So,
chooset
henex
tcabl
esi
ze,
whi s25mm2.
chi
Vol
tagedr or25mm2
opf =1.
7x48.
77x100=8.
29V
Ther
efor
esel
ect
edsi s25mm2.
zei
Exampl
e2
A30m r
unoft
winandear
thp.
v.c.non-
armor
edf
ourt
ouchi
ngcoppercabl
esar
esi
tuat
edi
n
anambi
entt
emper
at eof350C.Det
ur ermi
net
hemi
nimum si
zeofcabl
etosuppl
ya220-
V10-
kW
l
oad.Pr
otect
iongi
venby:
(
a)Mi
niat
ureci
rcui
t-
breaker(
m.c.
b.)
(
b)Rewi
rabl
efuse.
 Sol
uti
onof(
a)
I
b=p v
I
b= 10000=41.
67A.
240
I
b =41.
67A.50-
Amp m.
c.b.i
sadequat
eforpr
otect
ionof45.
67Amp.
I
n=50A.Andf
rom Tabl
eB.
1cor
rect
ionf
act or350C=0.
orf 94
Ca=0.
94.
Fr
om t
abl
eA.
1,Cor
rect
ionf
act
orf
orcabl
esgr
oupt
oget
heri
s
0.
75→ Cg=0.
75
Requi
redcabl
ecur
rentr
ati
ngI
z = 50 =70.
9A
0.
94x0.
75
→I
z=70.
9A
_
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____
_ _
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___
___
___
___
___
_____
______
___
_____
___
____
___
___
_
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eparedby:G/
MichaelG. El
ectr
icalI
nst
all
ati
onDesi
gn 51
 _
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___
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___
_El
ect
ri
calI
nst
all
ati
on
Fr
om Tabl
eB.
3(f
ormul
ticor e)16mm2cabl
ecabl ecar
ri
es69A.
 Test
ingf
orVol
tagedr
op:
Maxi
mum v
olt
agedr
op =2.
5%of220V=5.
5V
Vol
tagedr
opont
hecabl
e=(
mV/
Am)*I*l
=(
2.8mV/
Am)*41.
67A*30m
=3.
50Vt
hisi
swi
thi
ntheal
l
owabl
evol
tagedr
op.
 So,
choosecabl zeof16mm2.
esi
 Sol
uti
onof(
b)
I
b=41.
67A.
 Assumet ewi
hatar rabl
efuset
ypet
hatr
equi
resacor
rect
ionf
act
orof0.
725i
s
used.SoCf=0.
725 → I
n=50A.
Requi
redcabl
erat
ingI
z= 50 = 97.
8A
0.
94x0.
75x0.
725
→I
z= 97.
8A
Fr
om Tabl
eB.
3(f
ormul
ticor e)35mm2cabl
ecabl ecar
ri
es111Amp.
 Test
ingf
orVol
tagedr
op:
Vol
tagedr
opont
hecabl
e=(
mV/
Am)*I*l
= ( mV/
Am)*41.
67A*30m
= V<5.
5V
 So,
choosecabl zeof35mm2.
esi
Comment
.Theexampl
eexhi
bit
sonceagai
ntheconsi
der
abl
eeconomi
csav
ingswhi
chcan
begai
nedbyf
it
ti
nganm.
c.b.orcor
rectcar
tri
dgef
usei
npl
aceoft
her
ewi
rabl
e
t
ype.
Exampl
e3
Al
oadof300kW at0.
78power
-f
act
ori
stobesuppl
i
edat415V,3-
phase,t
hrougha3-
cor
e
coppercabl
e260m l
ong.Thecr
oss-
sect
ionalar
eaofeachcabl
ecor
eis400mm2.
Cal
cul
atet
hevol
tagedr
opi
nthecabl
e.I
gnor
evol
tagedr
opduet
oreact
ance.(
Resi
sti
vi
tyof
coppermaybet
akenas0.
017μΩ-
m).
Thr
ee- ,P=√3VIcosφ
phasepower
Byt
ransposi
ti
on I
= P_
___
_
√3VIcosφ
=_300W *1000 =535.
2A
√3*415V*0.
78
Resi
st e, R=ρl
ancepercor /A= 0. m *260m *10-6 =0.
017Ω- 01105Ω
10-6*400m2
_
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nst
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gn 52
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nst
all
ati
on
Ther
efor
eVol
tagedr
opi
nthecabl
e=√3*
I*R
=√3*535.
2*0.
01105=10.
24V
Comment
s.Thei
mpor
tantpoi
ntt
onot
eist
hev
olt
agedr
opi
na3-
cor
ecabl
e,whencar
ryi
ngt
he
cur
renti
ntoabal
anced3-
phasel
oad,i
sgi
venby√3*
I*R.Thecabl
econduct
orsar
epr
esumedt
o
actasapur
eresi
stancewi
thoutanyr
eact
iveef
fect
s.
Dat
aforEl
ect
ri
cal
Inst
all
ati
on

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on

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nst
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on

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gn 61
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on

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on

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