Project Work

Submitted to: Pramesh Sir

Submitted by: Garima Maharjan

Class 10-A
Subject: Population
Introduction
(Changu Narayan temple is dedicated to Lord Vishnu, well known as the preserver divine force
of creation to Hindus, lies in the town of Changu in Bhaktapur. It is considered to be one of the
oldest temples whose history dates back nearly from 3000 years as it was built in the 4th century
under Lichhavi dynasty by King Mandev.

The Changu Narayan Temple is a place which holds a strong religious as well as historical impact
on the country. Changunarayan Temple is made in pagoda style with the double storied building.
There are four doors in the temple, which is guarded by the sculptures of lions, and the temple is
decorated by the carvings.

The sanctuary is beautified with the best specimens of stone, wood, and metal, which is the
specialty in the Valley. It offers you diverse kinds of artists and carvings of stones, wood, and
metals inside the temple It is situated at the top of Bhaktapur district the beauty of pagoda-style
temple was mesmerizing. Apart from that, the eye-catching views of mountains and valleys around
the temple added thrill to our visit.

The legend of Changunarayan:

In ancient times, a Gwala, or cow herder, had brought a cow from a Brahmin named Sudarshan.
The cow was known for producing large quantities of milk. The Gwala used to take the cow to
Changu for grazing. At that time Changu was a forest of Champak trees. While grazing, the cow
always went to the shade of a particular tree and a boy used to come there and drink the cow's
milk. In the evening, when the Gwala took the cow home and started milking her, he got only a
very small amount of milk. This continued for several days. He grew very sad, so he called on the
Brahmin saying the cow was not giving enough milk. After observing this with his own eyes,
Sudarshan agreed with the Gwala. The next day they observed the cow's daytime activity while
she was grazing in the forest. Brahmin and Gwala both hid behind the tree. To their surprise, a
small black boy came out of the tree and started drinking the cow milk. The two men were furious
because they thought the boy must be the devil and tree must be its home. So the Brahmin cut
down the champak tree. When he was cutting it down, fresh human blood came out of the tree.
Both Brahmin and Gwala got worried, believing they had committed a great crime and began to
cry. Lord Vishnu emerged from the tree and told the Brahmin and Cowherd it was not their fault.
Vishnu told the story of how he had committed a heinous crime by unwittingly killing Sudarshan's
father while hunting in the forest. After that, cursed for the crime, he wandered the earth on his
mount, ‘Garuda’, eventually descending on the hill at Changu. There he lived in anonymity,
surviving on milk stolen from a cow. When Brahmin cut down the tree, Vishnu was beheaded,
which freed Lord Vishnu from his sins. After hearing these words from Vishnu, Brahmin and
Gwala resolved to worship the place and established a small temple in the name of Lord Vishnu.
Ever since the site has been sacred. Even today, we find Sudarshan's descendant as a priest of the
temple and the Gwala's descendants as Ghutiyars (conservators). There's another legend too. About
400 years ago, a mighty warrior named Pranjal lived. He still lives today. He was the strongest in
the entire country. Another warrior known all over Nepal named Changu challenged Pranjal.
Changu defeated him and won the hearts of Nepalese people, so as a tribute to him this temple.

Objectives:
1. To find out the historical and cultural background of the area
2. To know about the present condition of the area
3. To identify the importance and the problems of the area.
4. They tantalize us: Historical places let us be voyeurs into the past. They give us the chance to
time travel and pull back the curtain on a different age.
5.Through historical interpretation we can give voice to those who no longer have one and resurrect
the past. One doesn’t necessarily set out to gain an education through travel, but invariably one
discovers something about a place or the people who inhabited it and can then share the stories
they acquired with others.

Primary Method
I visited the site carefully and observed the various elements such as : inscriptions temples etc. and
studied the religious, cultural, social, archaeological and geographical aspects of the area. Besides,
I also visited the Changu Museum and the explanation of the coordinator of that museum helped
a lot too.
Secondary method
I read news articles books, articles and search internet in order to collect all the necessary
information and data
Photo Gallery
Changunarayan temple

Garuda Sridhar Vishnu

Vaikuntha Vishnu Vishworup

Chhinnamasta
Narasimha

Kileshwor
Situation after earthquake:
The April 2015 Nepal earthquake (also known as the Gorkha earthquake) [6][10] killed 8,964
people and injured 21,952 more. It affected lives of many people and the earthquake resulted in
landslides, further deaths, injuries and damages to buildings. The massive earthquake created
damages to many historical sites and places (temples, statues, etc.) Many temples and statues of
different historical places collapsed, one of them was Changunarayan temple; few statues and
temples were destroyed due to the earthquake, some of them are renovated and few are still
being reconstructed.
Some pictures of earthquake:
Findings:
Garuda: - flying vehicle of Lord Vishnu which has got a human face and is a devotee of Vishnu.

Chanda Narayan (Garuda Narayan): - a 7th-century stone sculpture of Vishnu riding on Garuda.
This sculpture has been depicted in the 10-rupee paper note issued by Nepal Rastra Bank
Sridhar Vishnu: - 9th century stone sculpture of Vishnu, Laxmi, and Garuda which stands on the
pedestals of various motifs.
Vaikuntha Vishnu: - 16th-century sculpture of Vishnu seated on the Lalitasan position on.

Conclusion
This place is very important place to learn about Nepalese history and about ancient things. This
place tells about different types of inscriptions on wood, metal etc. There are many idols, statue,
sculptor etc. which are very old. The present condition of this place is bad. Though this place is
listed in World Heritage Site. The local people aren’t aware of conservation and development of
this place. There is lack of proper facility of infrastructures of transportation. This is not proper
roadway to this place. Likewise, the problem of drinking water also exits around this place.
Similarly, there isn’t proper facility of communication as well. The whole area is polluted through
different types of pollution. It is losing its identities by different damage. There is very dangerous
risk of landslide around this place. There is lack of publicity about this place. It’s very difficult to
collect detail information around this place.

Recommendation
1. There is lack of publicity campaign so authorized body should publicize for the betterment of
this place.
2. Environmental sanitation programs should be conducted to protect this place from different
types of pollution.
3. Security Provision Should be made strict and strong to protect this heritage from different types
of antisocial activities.
4. Timely renovation of this place should be done for the damaged structure for this site.
5. Different information centers should be built this near this site so that many people could get
vast amount of information of this place.
6. Awareness among the local people should be raised in other to get their participation in the
conversation and development of this place.
7. The infrastructure of transportation, drinking water, as well as communication facilities should
be extended to make this place developed.
8. The land should be protected from the possible dangers of erosion through embankment and
afforestation.
9. Different information centers should be established around this place so that students like us can
collect the more information