A: TABLE OF BASIC DERIVATIVES

Let u = u(x) be a differentiable function of the independent variable x , that is u ′ (x) exists.

(A) The Power Rule : Examples :

d {u n } = nu n−1 . u ′ d {(x 3 + 4x + 1) 3/4 } = 3 (x 3 + 4x + 1) −1/4 . (3x 2 + 4)
dx dx 4
d { u } = 1 . u′ d { 2 − 4x 2 + 7x 5 } = 1 (−8x + 35x 4 )
dx 2 u dx 2
2 2 − 4x + 7x 5

d {c} = 0 , c is a constant d {π 6 } = 0 , since π ≅ 3. 14 is a constant.

dx dx
(B) The Six Trigonometric Rules : Examples :
d {sin(u)} = cos(u). u ′ d {sin(x 3 )} = cos(x 3 ). 3x 2
dx dx
d {cos(u)} = − sin(u). u ′ d {cos x )} = − sin( x ). 1
dx dx 2 x
d {tan(u)} = sec 2 (u). u ′ d {tan{ 5 )} = sec 2 (5x −2 ). (−10x −3 )
dx dx x2
d {cot(u)} = − csc 2 (u). u ′ d [cot{sin(2x)}] = − csc 2 {sin(2x)}. 2 cos(2x).
dx dx
d {sec(u)} = sec(u) tan(u). u ′ d {sec( 4 x )} = sec( 4 x ) tan( 4 x ). 1 x −3/4
dx dx 4
d {csc(u)} = − csc(u) cot(u). u ′ d {csc(8x − 7)} = − csc(8x − 7) cot(8x − 7). 8
dx dx
(C) The Six Hyperbolic Rules : Examples :
d {sinh(u)} = cosh(u). u ′ d {sinh( 3 x )} = cosh( 3 x ). 1 x −2/3
dx dx 3
d {cosh(u)} = sinh(u). u ′ d {cosh(sec(x)} = sinh{sec(x)}. sec(x) tan(x)
dx dx
d {tanh(u)} =sech 2 (u). u ′ d [tanh{x 3 + sin(x 2 )}] =sech 2 {x 3 + sin(x 2 )}. (3x 2 + 2x cos(x 2 ))
dx dx
d {coth(u)} = −csch 2 (u). u ′ d {coth( 1 + 2x)} = −csch 2 ( 1 + 2x). (− 1 + 2)
dx dx x x x2
d {sech(u)} = −sech(u) tanh(u). u ′ d {sech{9x)} = −sech(9x) tanh(9x). 9
dx dx
d {csch(u)} = −csch(u) coth(u). u ′ d [csch{sinh(3x)}] = −csch{sinh(3x)} coth{sinh(3x)}. 3 cosh(3x)
dx dx
(D) The Exponential & Logarithmic Rule : Examples :
d {e u } = e u . u ′ d {e } = e −x 3 . (−3x 2 )
−x 3
dx dx
d {ln| u |} = u ′ d {ln| x 3 + 5x + 6 |} = 3x 2 + 5
dx u dx x 3 + 5x + 6
d {a u } = a u . ln(a). u ′ , a ∈ R, a > 0, a ≠ 1 d {2 sec(x) } = 2 sec(x) . ln(2). sec(x) tan(x)
dx dx
2
d {log | u |} = 1 u ′ , a ∈ R, a > 0, a ≠ 1 d {log | tan(x) |} = 1 sec (x)
dx a
ln(a) u dx 4
ln(4) tan(x)
 (E) The Six Inverse Trigonometric Functions : Examples :
d {sin −1 (u)} = u′ d {sin −1 (4x 2 )} = 8x
dx 1 − u2 dx 1 − 16x 4
d {cos −1 (u)} = − u′ d {cos −1 (3x)} = − 3
dx 1 − u2 dx 1 − 9x 2
1
d {tan −1 (u)} = u ′ d {tan −1 ( x )} = 2 x 1
=
dx 1 + u2 dx 1+x 2 x (1 + x)
d {cot −1 (u)} = − u ′ d {cot −1 (e x )} = − e x
dx 1 + u2 dx 1 + e 2x
d {sec −1 (u)} = u′ d [sec −1 (x 4 )} = 4x 3 = 4x 3
dx |u| u 2 − 1 dx |x 4 | x 8 − 1 x4 x8 − 1
d {csc −1 (u)} = − u′ d {csc −1 (2x)} = − 2 =− 1
dx |u| u 2 − 1 dx 2
|2x| 4x − 1 |x| 4x 2 − 1
(F) The Inverse Hyperbolic Functions : Examples :
d {sinh −1 (u)} = u′ d {sinh −1 (ln(x)} = 1/x
dx 1 + u2 dx 1 + ln 2 (x)
d {cosh −1 (u)} = u′ d {cosh −1 (5x)} = 5
dx 2
u −1 dx 25x 2 − 1
− 22
d {tanh −1 (u)} = u ′ d {tanh −1 ( 2 )} = x = 2−2
dx 1 − u2 dx x 4 x −4
1− 2
x
(G) The Product and Quotient Rules : Examples :
d {uv} = u ′ v + uv ′ d {x 3 ln(5x + 1)} = 3x 2 ln(5x + 1) + x 3 5
dx dx 5x + 1
3 2
d {ku} = ku ′ , k is a constant d { x } = 1 d {x 3 } = 1 . 3x 2 = 3x
dx dx 4 4 dx 4 4
2 3 2
d { u } = u ′ v − uv ′ d { tan(2x) } = 2 sec (2x) .x − tan(2x) .3x
dx v v2 dx x3 x6

In table above it is assumed that u = u(x) and v = v(x) are differentiable functions
 B: TABLE OF BASIC INTEGRALS
Let r , a , b , and β ∈ R , r ≠ −1 , a ≠ 0 , and β > 0.

(A) The Power Rule : Examples :

(ax + b) r+1 (3x − 1) −1
∫ (ax + b) r
dx =
a(r + 1)
+C ∫ x −5 dx = − 14 x −4 + C , ∫(3x − 1) −2 dx = −3
+C

∫ dx = ∫ 1 dx = x + C ∫ 7dx = 7 ∫ dx = 7x + C
∫ ax1 + b dx = 2a ax + b + C ∫ x 1+ 4 dx = 2 x + 4 + C.
(B) The Six Trigonometric Rules : Examples :

∫ sin( ax + b))dx = − 1a cos( ax + b) + C ∫ sin(9x − 2)dx = − 19 cos(9x − 2) + C

∫ cos( ax + b)dx = 1a sin( ax + b) + C
∫ tan( ax + b)dx = 1a ln|sec( ax + b)|+C
∫ cot( ax + b)dx = 1a ln|sin( ax + b)|+C
∫ sec( ax + b)dx = 1a ln|sec( ax + b) + tan( ax + b)|+C
∫ csc( ax + b)dx = 1a ln|csc( ax + b) − cot( ax + b)|+C
(C) Additional Trigonometric Rules :
∫ cos(3x)dx = 13 sin(3x) + C
∫ tan(5w − 1)dw = 15 ln|sec(5w − 1)|+C
∫ cot(1 − 7u)du = − 17 ln|sin(1 − 7u)|+C
∫ sec(3x)dx = 13 ln|sec(3x) + tan(3x)|+C
∫ csc(2t)dt = 12 ln|csc(2t) − cot(2t)|+C
Examples

∫ sec 2 ( ax + b)dx = 1a tan( ax + b) + C ∫ sec 2 (2u/3)du = 32 tan(2u/3) + C

∫ csc 2 ( ax + b)dx = − 1a cot( ax + b) + C 1 cot( w ) + C = −2 cot( w ) + C
∫ csc 2 ( w2 )dw = − 1/2 2 2
∫ sec( ax + b) tan( ax + b)dx = 1a sec( ax + b) + C 1
∫ sec(3u) tan(3u)du = 3 sec(3u) + C
∫ csc( ax + b) cot( ax + b)dx = − 1a csc( ax + b) + C ∫ csc(5x) cot(5x)dx = − 15 csc(5x) + C
(D) The Six Hyperbolic Rules : Examples

∫ sinh( ax + b)dx = 1a cosh( ax + b) + C ∫ sinh(2x − 7)dx = 12 cosh(2x − 7) + C

∫ cosh( ax + b)dx = 1a sinh( ax + b) + C
∫ tanh( ax + b)dx = 1a ln[cosh( ax + b)] + C
∫ coth( ax + b)dx = 1a ln|sinh( ax + b)|+C
∫ sech( ax + b)dx = 2a tan −1 (e ax+b ) + C
∫ csch( ax + b)dx = 1a ln|tanh( ax + b)/2|+C
∫ cosh( 2x5 )dx = 52 sinh( 2x5 ) + C
∫ tanh(2u)du = 12 ln[cosh(2u)] + C
∫ coth(x + 3)dx = ln|sinh(x + 3)|+C
∫ sech(3x − 6)dx = 23 tan −1 (e 3x−6 ) ++C
∫ csch(10t)dt = 101 ln|tanh(5t)|+C
 (E) Additional Hyperbolic Rules : Examples

∫ sech 2 ( ax + b)dx = 1a tanh( ax + b) + C ∫ sech 2 (4w)dw = 14 tanh(4w) + C

∫ csch 2 ( ax + b)dx = − 1a coth( ax + b) + C ∫ csch 2 (2u)du = − 12 coth(2u) + C
sech(3x)
∫ sech( ax + b) tanh( ax + b)dx = − 1a sech( ax + b) + C ∫ sech(3x) tanh(3x)dx = − 3 + C
∫ csch( ax + b) coth( ax + b)dx = − 1a csch( ax + b) + C ∫ csch( 3x ) coth( 3x )dx = −3csch(x/3) + C
(F) Exponential /Logarithmic Rules : Examples :

∫ e ax+b dx = 1a e ax+b + C ∫ e 7x dx = 17 e 7x + C
1 . k ax+b + C , 0 < k ∈ R , k ≠ 1.
∫ k αx+β dx = a ln(k) ∫ 2 10x−17 dx = 101ln 2 2 10x−17 + C

∫ ax1+ b dx = 1a ln| ax + b|+C ∫ 1 dx = 1 ln|2x − 3|+C

2x − 3 2
.
(G) The Three Inverse Trigonometric Functions : Examples :

∫ β 21− x 2 dx = sin −1 ( βx ) + C ∫ 1
16 − x 2
dx = sin −1 (x/4) + C

1 dx = 1 tan −1 ( x ) + C 1 dx = 1 tan −1 ( x ) + C
∫ β2 + x2 β β ∫ 3 + x2 3 3
1 dx = 1 sec −1 ( x ) + C , 1 dx = 1 sec −1 ( x ) + C , x > 2.
∫ x x2 − β2 β β
x>β ∫ x x2 − 4 2 2

(H) The Three Inverse Hyperbolic Functions : Examples :

∫ β 21+ x 2 dx = sinh −1 ( βx ) + C ∫ 1
1+x 2
dx = sinh −1 (x) + C

1 dx = cosh −1 ( x ) + C , x > β 1 dx = cosh −1 (x/ 5 ) + C

∫ x −β22 β ∫ 2
x −5
1 dx = 1 tanh −1 ( x ) + C , |x|< β 1 dx = 1 tanh −1 ( x ) + C
∫ β −x
2 2 β β ∫ 36 − x 2 6 6
, |x|< 6

(I) The Fundamental Theorems Examples :

b e3
∫ a f(x)dx = g(x)| x=b ∫ e 1x dx = ln|x| | x=e
33
x=a = g(b) − g(a) x=e = ln(e ) − ln(e) = 3 − 1 = 2

d { v(x) F(t) dt = F(v(x)). v ′ (x) − F(u(x)). u ′ (x) 2

d { x cos(t 2 )dt = cos(x 4 ). 2x − cos(x 2 ). 1
dx ∫ u(x) dx ∫ x
In table above it is assumed that :

(1) The function f(x) is continuous on [a, b] and ∫ f(x) dx = g(x) + C.

v(x)
(2) The functions u(x) and v(x) are differentiable and ∫ F(t) dt exists.
u(x)
 C: BASIC TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES

GROUP (A) :

sin(θ) cos(θ)
(i) tan(θ) = (ii) cot(θ) =
cos(θ) sin(θ)

(iii) sec(θ) = 1 (iv) csc(θ) = 1

cos(θ) sin(θ)

GROUP (B) :

(i) cos 2 (θ) + sin 2 (θ) = 1 (ii) 1 + tan 2 (θ) = sec 2 (θ) (iii) cot 2 (θ) +1 = csc 2 (θ)

GROUP (C) :

(i) sin(2θ) = 2 sin(θ) cos(θ) (ii) cos(2θ) = 2 cos 2 (θ) − 1 (iii) cos(2θ) = 1 − 2 sin 2 (θ)

(iv) cos 2 (θ) = 1 [1 + cos(2θ)] (v) sin 2 (θ) = 1 [1 − cos(2θ)]

2 2

GROUP (D)

(i) sin(−θ) = − sin(θ) (ii) cos(−θ) = cos(θ) (iii) tan(−θ) = − tan(θ).

GROUP(E)

(i) cos(θ ± φ) = cos(θ) cos(φ) ∓ sin(θ) sin(φ)

(ii) sin(θ ± φ) = sin(θ) cos(φ) ± cos(θ) sin(φ)

GROUP (F)

(i) cos(θ) cos(φ) = 1 [cos(θ − φ) + cos(θ + φ)]

2

(ii) sin(θ) sin(φ) = 1 [cos(θ − φ) − cos(θ + φ)]

2

(iii) sin(θ) cos(φ) = 1 [sin(θ − φ) + sin(θ + φ)]

2
 D: SPECIAL TRIGONOMETRIC EQUATIONS

(2n − 1)
(i) sin(x) = 0  x = nπ (ii) cos(x) = 0 x = π
2

where n is an integer : n = 0, ±1, ±2, ±3, . . .

E: HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS

sinh(x)
(i) sinh(x) = 1 [e x − e −x ] (ii) cosh(x) = 1 [e x + e −x ] (iii) tanh(x) =
2 2 cosh(x)
cosh(x) 1 1
(iv) coth(x) = (v) sech(x) = (vi) csch(x) =
sinh(x) cosh(x) sinh(x)

(vii) cosh 2 (x) − sinh 2 (x) = 1 (viii) 1 − tanh 2 (x) = sech 2 (x) (ix) coth 2 (x) − 1 = csch 2 (x)

F:PROPERTIES OF LOGARITHMS

Let x and y be positive real numbers.

(i) ln(x) + ln(y) = ln(xy) (ii) ln(x) − ln(y) = ln( xy ) (iii) ln(x m ) = m ln(x).

(iv) ln(e k ) = k (v) e ln(x) = x (vi) ln(1) = 0 , ln(e) = 1.

G:SPECIAL VALUES

(i) sin(0) = 0 (ii) cos(0) = 1 (iii) tan(0) = 0

(iv) sinh(0) = 0 (v) cosh(0) = 1 (vi) tanh(0) = 0

(vii) sin(nπ) = 0 and cos(nπ) = (−1) n , provided that " n " is an integer.

END