Jessa Angel L.

Gonzales
OBTEC I-19

PROFED05 SPECIAL AND INCLUSIVE EDUCATION

TASK 1
Review our discussion about learners with disabilities. Fill out the table below. Use keywords
(not sentences).

DISABILITIES CHARACTERISTICS CAUSE/S

 Hyperactivity
 Aggression or self-injurious
behavior
 Withdrawal  Unknown ACTUAL cause
 Immaturity
 Learning difficulties Vigorously researched several factors
(still not found as the direct cause):
EBD Serious condition may exhibit:  Heredity
 Distorted thinking  Brain disorder
 Excessive anxiety  Diet
 Bizarre motor acts  Stress
 Abnormal mood swings  Family functioning

Note: These behaviors happen over long

periods of time

Example difficulties:
 Unknown ACTUAL cause
 Dyslexia
 Dyscalculia
Often/Possible causes:
 Dysgraphia
 Family history and genetics
SLD
 Prenatal and neonatal risks
 Non-Verbal Learning Disabilities
 Psychological trauma
 Oral / Written Language Disorder
 Physical trauma
and Specific Reading
 Environmental exposure
Comprehension Deficit

ASD  Impaired communication

 Impaired social interaction  No single known cause;
 Stereotypy Probably many causes

The following may play a role:

 Genetics
 Environmental factors

Risk factors:
  Child's sex
 Family history
 Other disorders
 Extremely preterm babies
 Parents' ages

 Unknown cause for many

children
Significant limitations in:
 Intellectual functioning
Most common causes:
 Adaptive behavior
ID  Genetic conditions
 Complications during
Note: This disability originates before the
pregnancy
age of 22
 Problems during birth
 Diseases or toxic exposure

 Genetic factors
 Inner ear damage
 Gradual earwax buildup
 Ear infection and abnormal
 Language disorder
bone growths or tumors
 Speech disorder
 Ruptured eardrum
 Sensory processing
 Attention and listening difficulties
HI Risk factors:
 Behavioral difficulties
 Aging
 Gross motor difficulties
 Loud noise
 Reading and spelling difficulties
 Heredity
 Occupational noises
 Recreational noises
 Some medications
 Some illnesses

 Lack in depth perception

Leading causes globally:
 Seem clumsy
 Uncorrected refractive errors
 Tactual senses relying
 Cataract
 Color vision problems
 Age-related macular
 Short attention span
VI degeneration
 Squint
 Glaucoma
 Visual field defect
 Diabetic retinopathy
 Accommodation problem
 Corneal opacity
 Nystagmus and poor visual acuity
 Trachoma
 Poor eye-hand coordination
  Genetic abnormalities
 Emotional stress
 Any trauma to brain or
infection

In articulation and phonological

disorders:
 Muscles and bones for speech
sounds problems
 Brain/nerve damage
 Hearing loss

Trouble with: In voice disorder:

 Articulation  GERD
 Fluency  Cancer of the throat
SLI  Voice  Palate problems
 Understanding/being understood  Nerve damage
(through all forms of communication)  Laryngeal webs or clefts
 Noncancerous growths (vocal
cords)
 Overuse of the vocal cords
 Hearing loss

Disability in:
 Musculoskeletal
 Neuromusculoskeletal  Hereditary
Physical  Congenital
Disability Difficulties in:  Acquired
 Physical and motor tasks  injury
 Independent movement  disease
 Performing basic life function

Gifted and
Talented  Intense curiosity  Biological factors
 Frequent and sophisticated  Social/Environmental factors
questions
 An accelerated pace of thought
and learning
 Complex thinking
 Often connecting seemingly
disparate ideas
 Persistence in pursuing interests
 Early development of language
and mathematical skills
 Unusual sensitivity to the
 expressed feelings and problems
of others
 Early concern for global and
abstract issues
 Idealism and concern for fairness
and justice
 High expectations for self and
others
TASK 2
Compare and contrast (use keywords).
EMOTIONAL DISTURBANCE DISORDER SPECIFIC LEARNING DISABILITY
Health condition Health condition
Hidden disability Hidden disability
Causes learning difficulties Causes learning difficulties
Can be hereditary Can be hereditary
Common types: Common types:
 Anxiety disorders  Dyslexia
 Bipolar disorder  Dyscalculia
 Conduct disorders  Dysgraphia
 Eating disorders  Non-Verbal Learning Disabilities
 Obsessive-compulsive disorder  Oral / Written Language Disorder and
 Psychotic disorders Specific Reading Comprehension Deficit

AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY

Health condition Health condition
Hidden disability Hidden disability
Causes learning difficulties Causes learning difficulties
Can be caused by genetics and environmental Can be caused by genetics and environmental
factors factors
Common types: Common types:
 Autistic Disorder  Developmental delay
 Asperger Syndrome  Down syndrome
 Pervasive Developmental Disorder – Not  Fragile X syndrome
Otherwise Specified  Fetal alcohol syndrome
 Prader-Willi syndrome

VISIBLE DISABILITY HIDDEN DISABILITY

Health condition Health condition
Able to be seen Unable to be seen
Common types: Common types:
 Autism  ADD
 Down Syndrome  ADHD
 Fetal Alcohol Syndrome  Anxiety
 Tourette Syndrome  Bipolar
 Amputations  Depression
 Paralysis  OCD
 Cerebral Palsy  Asperger’s
 Muscular Dystrophy (MD)  Diabetes
 Multiple Sclerosis (MS)  Other Chronic Illnesses

TASK 3
 What have you learned about learners with disability?
The only thing I can say about learners with disabilities is that they are really
impressive. I am amazed, realizing that despite the fact that they face those kinds of
hindrances, they are still studying.

Additional lesson:
Beside the exact topics or lessons that I am supposed to learn, I literally love that my professor
always includes some texts on her presentations that were really striking. My favorite among those is,
“broken crayons still color, no matter how broken”, I love the fact how true it is and can be applicable
to everyone whether you have or do not have what they consider as disability. For me, the thing is, we
are broken people living in this world. We cannot deny the fact that each one of us is really broken, in
different things, in different ways, but our purpose and worth will never change. And I believe, that is
the reason, why we are still in this world despite the brokenness.