Developed by Scott Civjan

University of Massachusetts, Amherst

1
 Beam Members:
 Chapter F: Flexural Strength
 Chapter G: Shear Strength
 Chapter I: Composite Member Strength
 Part 3: Design Charts and Tables
 Chapter B: Local Buckling Classification

Beam – AISC Manual 13th Ed 2

Chapter F:
Flexural Strength

Beam – AISC Manual 13th Ed 3

 Flexural Strength

b = 0.90 (b = 1.67)

Beam – AISC Manual 13th Ed 4

 Flexural Strength

Specification assumes that the following failure modes have

minimal interaction and can be checked independently from
each other:

• Lateral Torsional Buckling(LTB)

• Flange Local Buckling (FLB)
• Shear

Beam – AISC Manual 13th Ed 5

 Flexural Strength

 Local Buckling:
 Criteria in Table B4.1
 Strength in Chapter F: Flexure
 Strength in Chapter G: Shear

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 Flexural Strength
Local Buckling Criteria
Slenderness of the flange and web, , are used as criteria to
determine whether buckling would control in the elastic or
inelastic range, otherwise the plastic moment can be obtained
before local buckling occurs.

Criteria p and r are based on plate buckling theory.

For W-Shapes

E E
FLB,  = bf /2tf pf = 0.38 , rf = 1 .0
Fy Fy

E E
WLB,  = h/tw pw = 3.76 , rw = 5. 70
Fy
Fy
Beam – AISC Manual 13th Ed 7
 Flexural Strength

Local Buckling

  p “compact”
Mp is reached and maintained before local buckling.
Mn = Mp

p    r “non-compact”
Local buckling occurs in the inelastic range.
0.7My ≤ Mn < Mp

 > r “slender element”

Local buckling occurs in the elastic range.
Mn < 0.7My
Beam – AISC Manual 13th Ed 8
 Local Buckling Criteria
Doubly Symmetric I-Shaped Members
Equation F3-1 for FLB:
     pf 
M n   M p   M p  0.7 Fy S x    
Mp = FyZx    
 rf pf  

Mr = 0.7FySx

Mn 0.9 Ekc S x
Equation F3-2 for FLB: M n 

p r 
Note: WLB not shown. See Spec. sections F4 and F5.
Beam – AISC Manual 13th Ed 9
 Local Buckling Criteria
Doubly Symmetric I-Shaped Members
Equation
Rolled W-shape F3-1 for FLB:
sections are
   pf  
 are
M n   M p   M p  0.7 Fy S x  
dimensioned such that the webs  

Mp = FyZx compact and  flanges are compact  rf in
 most
pf  
cases. Therefore, the full plastic moment
Mr = 0.7FySx usually can be obtained prior to local
buckling occurring.

Mn 0.9 Ekc S x
Equation F3-2 for FLB: M n 

p r 
Note: WLB not shown. See Spec. sections F4 and F5.
Beam – AISC Manual 13th Ed 10
 Flexural Strength

 The following slides assume:

 Compact sections
 Doubly symmetric members and channels
 Major axis Bending
 Section F2

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 Flexural Strength

When members are compact:

Only consider LTB as a potential failure mode prior to reaching

the plastic moment.

LTB depends on unbraced length, Lb, and can occur in the

elastic or inelastic range.

If the section is also fully braced against LTB,

Mn = Mp = FyZx Equation F2-1

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 When LTB is a possible failure mode:
Mp = FyZx Equation F2-1
Mr = 0.7FySx
E
Lp = 1.76ry Equation F2-5
Fy
2
E Jc  .7 Fy S x ho 
Lr = 1.95rts 1  1  6.76   Equation F2-6
0.7 Fy S x ho  E Jc 
I y Cw
rts2 = Equation F2-7
Sx
Iy
ry =
A
For W shapes
c = 1 (Equation F2-8a)
ho = distance between flange centroids
Values of Mp, Mr, Lp and Lr are tabulated in Table 3-2
(pages 3-11 to 3-19)
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 Lb Lateral Brace Lateral Torsional Buckling
X X Strength for Compact
W-Shape Sections

M = Constant (Cb=1)

Mp Equation F2-2

Mr Equation F2-3 and F2-4

Mn Inelastic
Plastic LTB LTB Elastic LTB

Lp Lr Lb
14
Beam – AISC Manual 13th Ed
If Lb  Lp,
Mn = Mp
If Lp < Lb  Lr,
  Lb  L p 
M n  Cb  M p   M p  .7 Fy S x      M p Equation F2-2

  Lr  L p  
Note that this is a straight line.
If Lb > Lr,
Mn = FcrSx ≤ Mp Equation F2-3

2
2
Cb π E Jc  Lb 
Where Fcr  2
1  0.078   Equation F2-4
 Lb  S x h0  rts 
 
 rts 

Assume Cb=1 for now

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 Flexural Strength

Plots of Mn versus Lb for Cb = 1.0 are tabulated,

Table 3-10, pp. 3-96 to 3-131

Results are included only for:

• W sections typical for beams
• Fy = 50 ksi
• Cb = 1

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Flexural Strength

To compute Mn for any moment diagram,

Mn = Cb(Mn(Cb1))  Mp
Mn = Cb(Mn(Cb1))  Mp
(Mn(Cb1)) = Mn, assuming Cb = 1

Cb, Equation F1-1

12.5M max
Cb  Rm  3.0
2.5M max  3M A  4M B  3M C

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 Flexural Strength

X X Shown is the section of

MA Mmax MC
the moment diagram
MB between lateral braces.
Lb Lb Lb Lb
4 4 4 4

Mmax = absolute value of maximum moment in unbraced section

MA = absolute value of moment at quarter point of unbraced section
MB = absolute value of moment at centerline of unbraced section
MC = absolute value of moment at three-quarter point of unbraced
section
Rm = 1.0 for doubly symmetric members or single curvature

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 Flexural Strength
Consider a simple beam with differing lateral brace locations.

M 12.5M 12.5
Cb    1.31
Example X X 2.5M  3 M
2 
 4M  3 
M
2
9.5

M
12.5M 12.5
Cb    1.67
X X X 2.5M  3 M     
4
4 M
2
3 3 M
4  7.5

X – lateral brace location

Note that the moment diagram is
unchanged by lateral brace locations.
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 Flexural Strength
M
Cb=1.0 Mmax
M X X
M/2
Cb=1.25

M Mmax/Cb
Cb=1.67
X X
M
Cb=2.3
Cb approximates an equivalent
M
beam of constant moment.

Beam – AISC Manual 13th Ed 20

 Flexural Strength

Mp

Mr

Mn Cb=1

Lp Lr Lb
Lateral Torsional Buckling
Strength for Compact W-Shape Sections
Effect of Cb
Beam – AISC Manual 13th Ed 21
 Flexural Strength

Mp

Mr
Cb>1
Mn Cb=1

Lp Lr Lb
Lateral Torsional Buckling
Strength for Compact W-Shape Sections
Effect of Cb
Beam – AISC Manual 13th Ed 22
 Flexural Strength

Limited by Mp
Mp

Mr
Cb>1
Mn Cb=1

Lp Lr Lb
Lateral Torsional Buckling
Strength for Compact W-Shape Sections
Effect of Cb
Beam – AISC Manual 13th Ed 23
Chapter G:
Shear Strength

Beam – AISC Manual 13th Ed 24

 Shear Strength

Nominal Shear Strength

Vn = 0.6FyAwCv

0.6Fy = Shear yield strength per Von Mises Failure Criteria

Aw = area of web = dtw
Cv = reduction factor for shear buckling

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 Shear Strength
Cv depends on slenderness of web and locations of shear stiffeners.
It is a function of kv.

5
kv  5 
 h
a
2

a = clear distance between transverse stiffeners

h = clear distance between flanges minus fillet on a rolled shape
 
 260 
kv limited to 5 if no stiffeners are present, if a h  3.0 , or h  
a
2

 h  
  t w  

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 Shear Strength

For a rolled I-shaped member

If h t  2.24 E F
w y

Then v = 1.00 (= 1.50)

Vn = 0.6FyAweb (shear yielding) (Cv = 1.0)

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 Otherwise, for other doubly symmetric shapes

v = 0.9 (=1.67)

If h t  1.10 kv E F then Cv  1
w y

kv E
1.10
kv E kv E Fy
If 1.10  h  1.37 then Cv 
Fy tw Fy h
tw

kv E 1.51Ekv
h
If t  1.37 then Cv 
w Fy h  F
2

 t  y
 w

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 Shear Strength

0.6FyAw Equation G2-4 Cv reduction

0.48FyAw
Equation G2-5 Cv
reduction
Vn Inelastic
Shear
Shear Yielding Buckling Elastic Shear Buckling

kv E kv E
1.10 1.37
h/tw Fy Fy

Beam – AISC Manual 13th Ed 29

 Deflections :
 There are no serviceability requirements in AISC
Specification.
 L.1 states limits “shall be chosen with due regard to
the intended function of the structure” and “shall be
evaluated using appropriate load combinations for
the serviceability limit states.”

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